CONCISE COMPUTER SCIENCE TEXTBOOK FOR CHILDREN BOOK ONE. By: Wole Adedoyin

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2 TABLE OF CONTENTS A Computer Identification of Non computer related objects Identification of computer related objects Identification of the computer Uses of Computer I Uses of Computer II Uses of Computer in Daily Life Computers in Workplaces Definition of computer Information Technology Types of Computers Functions of Computer Introduction to Data and Information Types of Data and Information Main Parts of Computer Computer Accessories & Peripherals Branches of Computer Test Basic Concept of computer Unit Input Unit Processing unit Storage Unit Output Unit Computer Software Computer Hardware What is Booting? Various Types of Computers and Their Functions Terminologies/ Glossaries CONCISE COMPUTER SCIENCE TEXTBOOK FOR CHILDREN BOOK ONE By: Wole Adedoyin 2

3 A COMPUTER PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Pupils should be able to: i. Identify a computer machine; ii. Identify computer related objects iii. Identify non computer related objects iv. Distinguish a computer from other computer related devices e.g Television, Global System for Mobile Communications (G.S.M), Calculator, and Typewriter etc. IDENTIFICATION OF NON-COMPUTER RELATED OBJECTS Computer Is an electronic machine which input data, process data and display data (output) in a desired form. Non computer related objects are those objects that have no similarity with the computer system or having nothing to do with the computer system. Examples: House, Pencil, Box, Book, Basket, Car etc. 3

4 Definition of Computer Computer is a machine that processes data into useful information. A typewriter, a calculator, thermometer, speedometer or even voltage meter can be called a computer. What distinguishes a computer from other information processing machines are 3 basic functions : 1. A computer is an electronic machine all its activities are carried out with current (light) 2. A computer has memory to hold information for future use 3. A computer is programmable Computer machine can be coded or programmed to do any operation we tell it to do. Information Technology Information Technology allows the user to extract, save and exchange information with the help of computers. I.T is the short form for Information Technology. It also enables the user to access, retrieve, manipulates and perform numerous operations by using the computer system. 4

5 IDENTIFICATION OF COMPUTER RELATED OBJECTS These objects are similar and related to the computer system. Some are also performing the functions of the computer system, like typing letters, sending and receiving information and performing calculations. Examples of computer related objects are: Calculator: Calculator is a computing machine used for solving both simple and complex calculations e.g addition, subtraction, multiplication, square root and division. GSM: G.S.M stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. For sending and receiving calls and messages. Also used for uploading (sending) files and downloading (receiving) files. Some GSM also allows the user to browse the internet. 5

6 Stereo System Typewriter: It is a computer keyboard like machine used for typing documents like letters. Typewriter got different keys on it like a computer keyboard. Ipod digital Media players 6

7 A Manual Typewriter Washing Machine IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMPUTER 1. C.P.U This is the brain of the computer system. It processes raw data into a useful information. An Electric Typewriter 7

8 2. Keyboard For typing data into the computer system. 4. Monitor It displays information on the television like screen 3. Mouse For clicking and dragging objects and text Test 1. Mention 3 non computer related objects 2. Mention 2 computer related objects 8

9 3. What is the function of the keyboard. PARTS OF COMPUTER At the end of the topic, pupils should be able to: i. Name the parts of a computer ii. Recognize computer parts PARTS OF A COMPUTER Monitor: Is an output device which display information on the screen. Another name for monitor is VDU Visual Display Unit. ii. Colour Monitor Displays colour objects on the screen. The monitor looks like a television screen. The information received through the screen is called soft copy. Keyboard: For typing data into the computer system. Keyboard looks like a typewriter. It got different keys on it. The first five letters on the first section of the keyboard reads QWERTY. Keyboard is an input unit. There are two types of monitors i. Monochrome Monitor Displays white and black objects on the screen System Unit: This is the brain of the computer system. It transforms data into useful information. It looks like a video machine. It got 9

10 buttons like power button, restart button and other device connectors. System unit is a processing device. Printer: It displays the results on printed sheets. The information received through the printer is called Hardcopy. There are two types of printers i. White and black printer ii. Color printer Mouse: Mouse is an input device used for clicking and dragging text and objects. The singular of mouse is mouse while the plural is mice. Mouse also got different buttons on it e.g left clicking button and right clicking button. White and black Printer i. White and black printer Prints only white and black objects. ii. Colour Printer Prints only colour objects Speaker: 10

11 It bring out sound from the computer system. When watching films, movies or listening to music always connect your computer speakers to the system unit. The result received through the speaker is called Voice copy. b. Keyboard c. Printer d. Monitor e. System Unit Speakers USES OF COMPUTER I At the end of this topic Pupils should be able to state the uses of a computer Uses of Computer II At the end of the lesson pupils should be able to mention additional uses. Use of computer III Pupils should be able to mention more uses of the computer in daily life. Test i. Draw and colour the pictures of the following parts pictures of mouse, keyboard and the monitor. ii. Write out the functions of the following computer parts: a. Mouse USES OF A COMPUTER 1. Drawing Objects Computer can be used to draw shapes and objects of different shapes and sizes. A good artist can use computer to draw a human being, houses, cars, trees, logos and other artistic drawings. Mouse is used for drawing while keyboard is sued for labeling on what you draw. 11

12 2. Playing Games There are numerous games in the computer games like car race, ludo, dice, mortal combat, Mario, soccer and play station can all be played in the computer system. Users are to make use of either the keyboard or mouse to control their players and set games options. Computer is now a modern tool for some notable musicians. Users are now using their computers to play music, listen to music and watch different movies. 5. Watching Educational Movies Some educational films or documentaries which are meant to educate, entertain and inform users on some subjects or topic they are hearing for the first time can be played on the computer system. Some difficult school subjects like Maths, English etc. are now stored in the CD ROM to be played in the computer system. 3. Typing of Text Keyboard is used for typing text into the computer system. Any letter, be it formal, informal or semi-formal letter can be typed into the computer system through the keyboard. When typing, computer sometimes proof read or automatically corrects wrong spelling and vocabularies. 4. Playing Music USES OF COMPUTER II 1. Saving typed works Computer now allow the users to continue working where they left off. Typesetted works like letters, memo and curriculum vitae can all be saved in the computer system after typing. Saving such work means the user is making the work permanently stored in the computer system. 2. Opening saved work A saved work can also be re-opened if the user want to continue where he or she left off. 12

13 3. Learning This is similar to watching educational films and documentaries. There are much to learn through the computer system. People learn everyday and the quest for learning is rising everyday. Computer is an instrument of great learning. 4. Sending and Receiving Messages Computers are now used for sending and receiving information and messages. Messages send through computer are always fast, reliable and secured. USES OF COMPUTER IN DAILY LIFE i. Calculation People are now using the computer to perform, solve and simplify simple calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root. There is an inbuilt calculator in the computer system used for solving mathematical problems. ii. Shopping Buyers can now buy things they like on the computer through the internet. People from far distance can be talking at the same time. For example a person in Nigeria can talk to another person in Brazil without leaving their individual countries. Internet and Webcam makes this possible. Test Mention 6 uses of computer. COMPUTER IN WORKPLACES At the end of the topic pupils should be able to: i. Name some places where computers are used e.g home, in the school, in hospital etc. ii. Identify the uses of computers in the school and home. iii. Play simple computer games PLACES WHERE COMPUTERS ARE FOUND AT HOME FOR CHILDREN TO: iii. Chatting/Online Communication 13

14 i. Play Games Hundred of games from Arcade to Zega are all in the computer system. Game playing is an entertainment segment in the system. Some games are also educative and some teaches morals to children. ii. Keeping Records Important records and files are always kept for future uses in the computer system. IN THE SCHOOL FOR: i. Keeping records of both teachers and pupils: The man function of computer in the school is for keeping the biodata, educational data, marks scored by pupils, the schools facts and other vital information concerning the school, the teachers and pupils. iii. Learn Latest things are always present in computer through the internet. Latest information and facts can be search for and stored into the computer system. iv. Computer can be used for household accounts, filling and as a diary for appointments and birthday reminders. v. It can catalogue records, books and photographs. vi. With electronic mail, letters and messages can be entered into your computer and then sent instantly to the receiver s computer. vii. With computer, it is possible to sit at home and select library books. ii. Making Time-Table Computer is the fastest tool for making timetable. There are other numerous gridlines, tables which can be customized and formatted to suit the taste of the user. iii. Processing Texts Computer has the ability to process text into a useful document. Text typed into the computer can be sort, retrieve, save and open 14

15 iv. Learning Programs like Britannica and Encarta Junior Series makes learning easy and comprehensible. IN SUPERMARKET FOR: i. Entering the sale of goods into a computer ii. Stock taking iii. Controlling Stock levels iv. Recording stock v. Providing the prices of good: In the Supermarket prices of goods are always stored in the computer system. To know the price of a product, the only thing the user need is to type the name of the product into the computer and the price will come out. vi. Updating Account: Money are sometime stored in the computer. Money realized during the day, can be stored into the system. When expenditure is deducted from income in the computer, computer will automatically give out the remaining balance. vii. Providing information on the goods in stock Major supermarkets in towns and cities today are using departmental layout, whereby their shops will be divided into different departments e.g jewelry department, hardware department, books department where various books are sold. Information on each department and list of products in each department with information on each products will be stored into the computer system. A point of sale terminal used in Supermarket 15

16 A dedicated keyboard is useful when limited number of items is sold An infant Incubator Gathering data using a hand-held device in a supermarket IN HOSPITALS i. Patient admissions and discharge (including which beds are available) ii. Appointments of outpatients iii. A booking system for scarce resources such as operating theatres iv. Purchasing and stock control v. Keeping record of patients vi. Carrying out diagnosis 16

17 IN OFFICE i. To produce written letter and documents (text productions). ii. To copy or duplicate text iii. To file the written materials, so that it can be retrieved when required. iv. To communicate information, both within the office and to those outside the office. IN BANKS i. Computers are used to process cheques ii. Computers are used to calculate interests iii. Computers are used to keep customers accounts iv. Providing customer s statement of accounts. v. Making it possible for a customer for withdraw money from his/her bank account at any location of his/her bank in the country. 17

18 Questions i. Mention 4 places where computers are found ii. Mention 4 uses of computers in school. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER 1. For processing data 2. For playing games 3. For sending information 4. For listening to music 5. For typing 6. For watching videos 7. For designing 8. For Calculation 9. For organizing and sorting data 10. For drawing and painting CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BY PURPOSE Special Purpose: They perform specific functions. They are permanently programmed to do a specific job. E.g traffic light controller, Robots. Asimo Robot General Purpose: These are generally programmed to handle various kinds of work or for solving day to day transactions or operations e.g Micro-computer (desktop, Laptop and Palmtop or Notebook). Test i. Mention 5 places where computers are used. ii. List 5 functions of the computer system. INTRODUCTION TO DATA AND INFORMATION 18

19 Information coded for a computer is called data. Data is an unprocessed information or raw fact. It is coded or programmed in form of curved and straight lines called letters. Information on the other hand is a processed data. Data transformed or reshape in a readable and understandable form is called an Information. Information is often shortened or compressed when coded or programmed as computer data to occupy small memory space. TYPES OF DATA 1. Alphabetic Data : A-Z Yes, O.K, No 2. Numeric Data : , Alpha-numeric Data Combination of letters and the figures e.g A-Z and 0-9 Number 30 Types of information Written information Graphical information Oral information 1. Written information: Consist of the typesetted documents. Combinations of letters which form word, combination of words which form sentences and the combination of sentences which form paragraphs. Combination of paragraphs form pages. 2. Graphical Information This consist of graphical object or image e.g Postals, certificates, bill boards, handbills etc. are all often used to convey and send information from one person to another. 3. Oral Information: When playing music or watching video cds in your computers at home, always connects your external speaker to the back panel (the speaker s port) where you connect your speaker at the back of the C.P.U. In case of Laptop, you don t need to connect your external speaker because every laptop computers always come with an inbuilt sound. Information conveyed through the sound is called oral information. Softcopy Information displayed through the monitor Hardcopy Information printed out through the printer. Features of computer data 1. Computer can be shared 2. Computer data can be stored and erased 19

20 3. computer data can be stored and edited 4. Computer data can be retrieved 5. Computer data occupies less space. Features of computer information i. Information is a processed data ii. Information must be transformed as data before it can be processed by computers. iii. Information processing and data processing both involve input-process-output and might also involve storage. MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER There are 4 main parts of the computer system which include the followings: 1. CPU or System Unit 2. Monitor VDU 3. Mouse 4. Keyboard These four parts are the essential parts of a computer system. A computer having this four parts is called A Complete Computer System. Because it has CPU (the brain), for transforming data into a useful information, the keyboard for typing, the mouse for clicking and dragging of text and object and lastly monitor for viewing the result on the screen. These four parts are also called the fixed parts or essential parts of a computer system. They are also known and referred to as permanent parts. Other parts of computer which are not essential like, the mouse, keyboard, monitor and the system unit are printers, scanners, digital cameral, joystick, lightpen, OCR (optical Character Reader), MCR (Magnetic character Reader), Modem etc. COMPUTER ACCESSORIES AND PERIPHERALS Computer Accessories are computer components or parts that are attached to the system unit. 20

21 They are attached to the C.P.U to haste its fastness and increase its speed and accuracy. Examples of computer accessories etc. Computer peripherals are optionally used with the C.P.U e.g U.P.S which stands for Uninterrupted Power Supply, Digital Camera etc. All the devices that are not in the CPU are called Peripherals. APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS - Word processing For typing and creating document - Spreadsheet For performing calculation - Graphics For designing - Data Processing For sorting, arranging and adding data. - Communication For sending message though the Internet and Network. - Desktop Publishing typesetting and graphics Test 1. What is data and information 2. List the type of data that we have 3.,, and are the four main parts of the computer system. 4. What are Computer Accessories and Computer Peripherals. 5. Mention 3 applications of computer that you know. BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER UNITS Before any data can be transformed into an information. It must pass through the following units; 1. Input Unit 2. Processing Unit 3. Output Unit 4. Storage Unit All computers use the same methods for carrying out the tasks given to them. The computer takes in Data through input devices, it manipulates the data according to its instructions, it outputs the result of its processing and it stores data for later use. These four processes together are known as the Computing Cycle. Input : 21

22 Input is the process of entering data into the computer. The most common device used for input on Micro-computers is the keyboard. Computer keyboard include many special keys and function keys used in performing specialized input tasks as well as the usual typewriter layout and other input devices include: a mouse, which manipulates a pointer on the computer screen for giving commands and entering data; a scanner, which reads graphic images and pages of text and sends them to the computer; a modem which receives data over phone lines and several other devices like joystick for playing games, light pen, OCR, MCR, Microwriter, Scanner, keyboard, touch screen, roller balls, digitisers, MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition), Microphone etc. A Microwriter Light Pen 22

23 Touch screen Roller Ball Joystick A Digitizer 23

24 An Optical Character Reader Hand held numeric key pad Bar Code Reader Output: Getting processed out of the computer is the job of output devices. The computer can display the data on a monitor screen of which there are several types: 1. Monochrome or White and Black 2. Color 3. Flat Screen or Panel/LCD (Liquid Crystal Display ) in the case of both the desktop and the laptop computers. 4. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) In the case of Desktop Computer. 24

25 Processing: This part transforms data into a useful information. Once the data is in a computer, it is processed by the processor and its associated integrated circuit chips. Processors perform all calculations and manipulations necessary to transform data into meaningful information. Also with the processor is the memory, which is used for storing data and programs while they are being used by the processor. You can also send data to a printer or plotter to make a paper copy, use the modem to send the data over a phone line to another computer or use any number of specialized output devices like speaker, digital camera, projector e.t.c. You have already seen that computers can receive data, process it and display the results. However, computer can also store data for future use. The processing is carried out in the central processing unit (C.P.U) which is the heart and the brain of any computer. The C.P.U is made up of: 1. The Control Unit 2. The Memory 25

26 3. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (A.L.U) Storage: This is the process of saving inside and outside the computer system. The computer system needs stored programs and data to carry out the processing. Small amounts of data are stored on Flash Disk, CDROM. These are called Backing Stores. Where do you go if you want to keep the data into a permanent place? That s what the storage devices are for. Storage devices hold date permanently in the computer, so that you can save it and retrieve it later. All computers use disks to store data magnetically. Each type of disk is used by its corresponding disk drive to read and write information. Floppy disks are used for easy, portable storage and built in Hard Disks are used for more permanent storage of large amounts of data and programs for fast access. Test 1. Mention 4 computer units you know 2. List 5 examples of input devices 3. List 4 examples of output devices 4. Differentiate between input and output units 5. CPU is divided into, and COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE Hardware: These are the physical, touchable and the moveable part of the computer. You will often hear people refer to. A piece of hardware.. or say, that s a good piece of software! Hardware is a term used to describe the actual equipment. The computer is hardware. Look at your school computer 26

27 system. The keyboard, mouse, CPU, joystick, UPS, monitor, printer, scanner and disk drives are all pieces of hardware. All computers consist of hardware. They include the computer itself and all other related physical devices. COMPUTER SOFTWARE Software are the instructions that tell the computer what tasks to perform; data, the information the computer works on and you, the user, who tell the computer what to do, and for whom the computer does all. A program is a group of instructions that tells the processing device what to do. Computer Software BOOTING Booting is the process of getting your computer ready for a particular task or operation. Software can be a single program or a set of programs that work together. Because their meanings are very similar. They are programmed for solving day to day activities e.g Ms Word, Ms Excel, Ms paints, Notepad, WordPad, Marvis Beacon etc. Types of Booting 1. Cold Booting 2. Warm Booting COLD BOOTING : Is the process of getting your computer ready by the power on button 27

28 WARM BOOTING: It is the process of restarting your computer system. Or by using Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart your restart your system. Various types of computer 1. Thermometer For measuring temperature 2. Barometer For measuring Pressure 3. Meter For measuring voltage 4. Speedometer For measuring the speed of a car 5. Rain Gauge For measuring amount of rainfall. Test: i. Differentiate between computer hardware and software. ii. Define Booting Terminologies/Glossaries Booting The process of getting your computer ready for a particular task Software Programs installed in the computer system Hardware The physical part of the computer system Information It is a processed data Data unprocessed information CPU stands for Central Processing Unit It is the heart and the brain of the computer system. Output Result gotten from the computer system Softcopy The result display on the monitor. Hardcopy Result printed out through the printer Input Process of sending data into the computer Storage Process of saving inside and outside the computer system. Processing Process of transforming data into a useful information. 28

29 ACCESSORIES OF COMPUTER Mouse Keyboard Scanner Joystick Light pen Printer CPU Monitor Peripherals of Computer Plotter Digital Camera UPS HARDWARE Mouse Keyboard Scanner Joystick Lightpen Printer CPU Monitor Plotter Digital Camera UPS SOFTWARE Ms Word Corel Draw Adobe PageMaker NotePad WordPad Ms Paint OUTPUT Plotter Printer Digital Camera Webcam Monitor Speaker INPUT Mouse Keyboard Scanner Joystick MICR MCR 29

30 OCR Light pen PROCESSING CPU STORAGE Hard Disk CD ROM Floppy Disk Zip Disk Flash Disk CD Writer 30

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