COMPUTER HARDWARE RAYMOND ROSE

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Baldric Mitchell
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1 COMPUTER HARDWARE RAYMOND ROSE

2 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. Understanding the computer and its elements. Identify the different types of computer devices, including: Desktop computers Notebook/Laptop computers Servers Cellular telephones Handheld computers/pda Tablet PCs Portable music/media players Computer game systems Electronic book readers Calculator Non computer equipment containing embedded computer components such as microprocessor and memory. 2

3 UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. Technology has evolve in a new field that deal with the automatic processing of data by a computer called informatics. This word was formed as an acronym form the words Information and Automatic. The word INFORMMATION was originally coined to describe a new fact. It refers to the result of data entered into the memory of an electronic computer. Understanding what a computer is and how to use it does not necessarily mean being able to take it completely apart. However it is important to have some familiarity with its components and understanding how they interact in processing data. 3

The PERSONAL COMPUTER or PC for short, contains two essentially elements, the hardware and the software.

4 UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. The PERSONAL COMPUTER or PC for short, contains two essentially elements, the hardware and the software. HARDWARE the term hardware means all the elements of electrical, electronic and mechanical components that make up the computer or simple the physical part of the computer system. SOFTWARE is the programs used to runs the computer and makes it a very useful tool to perform calculation and process data. 4

5 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. There are different types of computers such as: 1. MICROCOMPUTER 2. MINICOMPUTERS 3. LAPTOP 4. NOTEBOOK 5. NETBOOK 6. PDA 7. MAINFRAME 8. SUPERCOMPUTER 5

6 MICROCOMPUTER Microcomputer this term refers to two categories of personal computer, the Desktop and Workstation. 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. 6

7 DESKTOP/WORKSTATION COMPUTER 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. DESKTOP COMPUTER - are the classic personal computer they can be used for listening to music, surfing the Internet or as an integrative or support element for work activity. WORKSTATION are personal computers equipped with performance features that make them superbly useful for specific operations. 7

function of different hardware components.

8 MACINTOSH/MINICOMPUTER MACINTOSH The Macintosh or MAC for short is produce by Apple. 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. MINICOMPUTER They are used for managing large files and sharing data among many users. Servers are an example of minicomputers. 8

1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different

9 LAPTOPS AND NOTEBOOKS LAPTOPS computers are also called portables because of their ease of transport. This same performance with the desktop but differ in size and cost. 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. NOTEBOOK computers have the same performance levels as laptops, but the differ in that they are even smaller. ` 9

NETBOOKS - The netbooks are a recent class of portable devices, similar to the notebook, but differ because of their even more

10 NETBOOKS AND PDA 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. NETBOOKS - The netbooks are a recent class of portable devices, similar to the notebook, but differ because of their even more compact dimension, greater battery life, low weight and very low cost. PDA (Personal Digital Assistant ) indicates what is commonly called a palm pilot with reference to its very small size. The device fits perfectly in the palm of a hand. 10

11 MAINFRAMES 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. MAINFRAMES their size is proportional to their performance. They are used in managing large data banks of both public and private institutions. 11

12 SUPERCOMPUTER 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. SUPERCOMPUTER the internal architecture of supercomputer is parallel processing, meaning that multiple drives work simultaneously in data processing operations. 12

13 OTHER COMPUTING DEVICES 1.1 Identify types of computer how they process information, and the purpose and function of different hardware components. Tablet PC Mobile phone Portable music/ media player Computer game systems Interactive books Calculators Commonly used device 13

14 QUIZ 1. What elements make up a computer? a. Hardware b. Software c. Both 2. What is meant by the term minicomputer? a. A computer with reduce size. b. A computer used for business purposes. c. A small manual for user. 3. What is meant by the term hardware? a. All electronic component and mechanical components that make up a computer. b. All the metal components of the computer. c. Neither of the two. 4. By what parameters are computers classified? a. Their cost b. Their size c. Both of the above 5. What meant by the term PDA? a. Professional digital assistant which is a professional use of digital equipment. b. Personal Digital Assistant also called a PDA. c. Neither of the above. 14

DATA FLOW A computer collects, process, store, and produces information through the following devices. Input Devices are used for entering data and commands.

15 DATA FLOW A computer collects, process, store, and produces information through the following devices. Input Devices are used for entering data and commands. Processing devices the central processing unit (CPU) is the main component of the computer its task is to process and manage the flow of data among the system components. Memory Devices store data that the computer uses for perform various operation. Output devices allows the computer to communicate with the user for displaying data on a monitor or generating sound. 15

16 COMPUTER MEMORY In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs or data on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. 16

17 THE PC CASE The case box of plastic and metal that contains the main component devices of the pc. Cases can have different shapes. Tower case: Desktop case: 17

18 ADAPTER (POWER SUPPLY) Power supply electricity enters the PC through this metal box, it supply electrical power to all other component form the motherboard to hard drives and ports. 18

19 MOTHERBOARD Motherboard the main circuit board of the computer system. 19

20 MICROPROCESSOR (CPU) Microprocessor is the component that determines the calculation speed of a PC. 20

21 PORTS Ports Physically, a port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects. They are used to connect PC peripheral such as printer, keyboard, mouse etc. 21

Parallel port is used to connect to any parallel peripheral such as

22 SERIAL / PARALLEL/USB PORT Serial ports are used to connect serial peripheral devices to PCs. Parallel port is used to connect to any parallel peripheral such as printer. USB port- Universal Serial Bus, an external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. 22

23 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IN INFORMATICS What are bits, bytes, and other units of measure for digital information? A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer. A bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1, corresponding to the electrical values of off or on, respectively. 23

24 TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY RAM- Random Access Memory - is the primary storage devices of the computer system. ROM Read Only Memory is a tiny electronic circuit built on silicon support or other material defines as semiconductor. CACHE MEMORY is the ultra fast memory microprocessor have, enabling them to perform certain operations very quickly. MASS MEMORY these are devices that holds the mass of personal and business data. Summary table Type Size Speed Cost RAM memory Volatile limited High High ROM memory permanent limited High Medium Cache memory permanent limited Very high High Hard disk permanent limited slow small 24

MASS MEMORY Mass memory- refers to the storage of

machine-readable fashion increases hard drive speed.

25 MASS MEMORY Mass memory- refers to the storage of large amounts of data in a persisting and machine-readable fashion increases hard drive speed. Defragmenting files Defragmenting increases hard drive speed. File compression is a good way to save disk space and store our files and folders in a more organized way. 25

26 SOUND CARD Sound card contain circuits for recording and playing back sounds. 26

27 VIDEO CARD Video card it translate information from digital images into variable analog signal that can be display as an image on the monitor. 27

28 CD/DVD DRIVE CD( Compact Disc) Drive Storage capacity of the disc is 747 MB DVD(Digital Video Disc) Drive Minimum storage capacity of the disc is 4.7GB CD-RW and DVD RW are type of disc were you can write multiple times using a CD-DVD burners. 28

29 ADDITIONAL STORAGE DEVICES USB/FLASH MEMORY NETWORK DRIVES ROMOTE SERVERS FLOPPY DISK 29

30 MONITOR Monitor is the output peripheral that display what the PC has processed in text and graphics. CRT monitor LCD monitor 30

31 KEYBOARD Keyboard the main input device of the computer. 31

32 MOUSE A mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface Other pointing devices: Touchpad.Trackball 32

33 PRINTER Printer is an output device that print the result of an operation on paper, Which produces a hard copy Inkjet printer Laser Printer 33

34 SPECIALIZED OUTPUT DEVICES Plotter - is a device designed to reproduce complex and high quality drawing. Projectors - a device that can project what is on PC screen.. Robots and other control devices for industrial processes and also for the production of high precision components 34

35 SPECIALIZED OUTPUT DEVICES Scanner Modem Speaker Microphone Webcam Cameras 35

36 OTHER INPUT DEVICES Bar code Reader Touch screen Game controller USB Sensor and probes Security Devices Devices for the disabled NIC 36

37 NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Network - refers to a set of greater or lesser interconnecting communication. Different type of Networks LAN Local Area Network WAN Wide Area Networking MAN Metropolitan Area Networking. 37

38 NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAN (Local Area Network) -is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building. 38

39 NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK) - is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area from any network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries. 39

40 NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM MAN (Metropolitan area Network) - is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. 40

A dumb terminal is simply an output device that accepts data from the CPU.

41 NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Type of Nodes: Centralized Intelligence Networks( Dumb terminal) - display monitor that has no processing capabilities. A dumb terminal is simply an output device that accepts data from the CPU. Networks with Distributed Intelligence:((smart terminal) - is terminal that has some processing capabilities Dumb terminal Smart terminal 41

42 COMPUTER FOR ALL (GUIDE FOR BUYING PC) The main factors of a personal computer that have the greatest impact on the configuration and the overall cost: Case Power supply CPU Motherboard RAM Hard disk Monitors Video card Sound card Printer 42

43 COMPUTER FOR ALL (GUIDE FOR BUYING PC) Different type of PC configuration: Starter PC this are the most basic level of computer Average level PC s for offices- represent the typical work computer Average level PC s for home- represent the typical home computer High end PC s for office or home represent top performance and highest cost. Starter PC Average level PC for offices Average level PC for home High end PC s for office and home 43

44 PC MAINTENANCE computers require constant and proper maintenance and protection of their components and their related devices in general. Protection from theft or damage Factors that can damage hardware devices Protection from electrical problems 44

problem if that is possible 3. Try fundamental remedies 4. Find support 5. Follow instructions 6.

45 PC MAINTENANCE Guidelines for Troubleshooting PC: 1. Identify the problem 2. Analyze the information to determine the nature and potential causes of the problem by trying to reproduce the problem if that is possible 3. Try fundamental remedies 4. Find support 5. Follow instructions 6. Develop a solution 7. Confirm that the problem was solved 8. Document and communicate the nature of t he problem and solution 9. Avoid similar problem in the future 45

Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Essential Computer Hardware. Information Processing Cycle

Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Essential Computer Hardware. Information Processing Cycle Looking Inside the Computer System NOS 116, 118, 218, 222 Handout 10 Hardware & Software Computer systems have four parts Hardware Software Data User 1 1B-2 Hardware Mechanical devices in the computer