Power System Protection and С ommunications

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Power System Protection and С ommunications"

Roy Young
5 years ago
Views:

Power System Protection and С ommunications AKHTAR KALAM Professor School of Engineering and Science Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science Victoria University, Australia D P KOTHARI Vice

1 Power System Protection and С ommunications AKHTAR KALAM Professor School of Engineering and Science Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science Victoria University, Australia D P KOTHARI Vice Chancellor, VIT University, Vellore Formerly Director ln-charge, 111, Delhi Formerly Professor, Centre for Energy Studies 111, Delhi, India New Age Science Limited The Control Centre, 11 A Little Mount Sion Tunbridge Wells, Kent TNI 1YS, UK info@newagescience.co.uk

Contents Preface List of Acronyms Recommended Protection Terminology v vii xv Part A POWER SYTSEM PROTECTION Chapter 1 Basic Principles 3-21 1.1 Introduction to Protective Relaying 3 1.

2 Contents Preface List of Acronyms Recommended Protection Terminology v vii xv Part A POWER SYTSEM PROTECTION Chapter 1 Basic Principles Introduction to Protective Relaying Power System Plant and Layout Switching Arrangements The Function of Protective Relaying Principles of Protective Relaying Unit and Non-unit Schemes Zones of Protection Common Terminologies 20 Chapter 2 Network Analysis and Fault Calculations Faults on Power System Faults Type Fault Level Calculations Limiting Short-circuit Levels Transients During a Balanced Fault Sequence Networks for Calculation of Unbalanced Faults Calculation of Voltages in the Network Short-circuit Fault Calculations 39

XII CONTENTS Chapter 3 Earth Fault and Interferences 51-79 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Power System Arrangements and Construction Features 52 3.3 Earth Potential Rise 57 3.4 Safety Considerations 63 3.

3 XII CONTENTS Chapter 3 Earth Fault and Interferences Introduction Power System Arrangements and Construction Features Earth Potential Rise Safety Considerations Application of Safety Criteria Demands on Protection Arising from Safety, Reliability and Interference Considerations Interference on Supplied and other Systems 75 Chapter 4 Relaying Transducers Introduction Voltage Transformers Current Transformers (CTs) Guidance in Application of CTs 92 Chapters Overcurrent Protection Introduction Types and Construction System Analysis Settings of IDMT Relays Relay Discrimination Grading Margin Earth Fault Protection 122 Chapter 6 Fuses Introduction Categories of Fuses Fuse Operating Oscillograms Time vs Current Characteristic Discrimination Testing of Fuses Future Developments 166 Chapter 7 Distance/Impedance Protection Overview of Distance Protection Principle of Distance Protection Analog Amplitude and Phase Comparison 173

CONTENTS XIII 7.4 Relay Types and Their Application 176 7.5 Derivation of Signals for Distance Protection 183 7.6 Methods of Realising Comparators 185 7.7 Signal S 2 193 7.

4 CONTENTS XIII 7.4 Relay Types and Their Application Derivation of Signals for Distance Protection Methods of Realising Comparators Signal S Pre-filters Used in Power System Protective Relaying Effect of the Ratio Source Impedance to Line Impedance (Z S /Z L ) Time Grading of Distance Relays Requirements of Definite-distance Schemes Reach of Distance Relay Digital Computation by a Microprocessor 202 Chapter 8 Differential Protection Introduction Circulating Current Differential (Low Impedance) Biased Differential Protection High Impedance Current Differential Pilot Wire Protection Phase Comparison Protection 227 Chapter 9 Unit, Remote and Back Up Protection Unit and Non-unit Protection Schemes Remote and Local Back Up Protection Example Demonstrating a Method to Determine Current Settings of Circuit Breaker Failure Schemes 237 Part В POWER SYTSEM COMMUNICATIONS Chapter 1 Introduction International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) Technical Committee (TC) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Innovative Integration Developments (IEDs) 244 Chapter 2 Communication Principle Terminologies Architectures 252

XIV CONTENTS Chapter 3 Protocols 260-278 3.1 Introduction to Power System Communication 260 3.2 Protocols in General 264 3.3 Expand on DNP 265 3.

5 XIV CONTENTS Chapter 3 Protocols Introduction to Power System Communication Protocols in General Expand on DNP Standardisation Developments 267 Chapter 4 Middleware Introduction Automation Systems and Communication Needs Middleware Requirements for Protection Applications Middleware Architectures Publish/Subscribe Middleware Corba and its Features Common Architectures for Communication Devices 310 Chapter 5 Information Embedded Power Systems Overview of Communication Networking Requirements Information Embedded Power System via LAN/WAN The Benefits of using IEPS-LAN/WAN Technology 321 Chapter 6 Fiber Optic Network Infrastructure as Next Generation Power System Communications 6.1 Background Current Power System Data Communication Media Networks and Information Technology Wide Area Communication Infrastructure Local Area Substation Network Design Time Data Communication and Exchange 332 Chapter 7 Conclusions Conclusion to Chapter Three on Protocols 335 Overall Conclusion to IEC61850 and DNP Conclusion to Chapter Four on Middleware 338 Conclusion to Chapter Five on Information Embedded Power System 340 Conclusion to Chapter Six on Fiber Optic Network Infrastructure as Next Generation Power System Communications 341 References Index

Session Five: IEC61850 Based Process Bus Protection Solution for Remote Located Power Transformers

Session Five: IEC61850 Based Process Bus Protection Solution for Remote Located Power 1. Abstract Dinesh Mithanthaya Design Manager, Horizon Power Higher capacity substation power transformers ( 5MVA),are