PROGRESS ACTIVITY REPORT OF THE SEVENTEENTH SESSION OF THE REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (RA V-17) (unedited and in official WMO languages when available)

Transcription

1 PROGRESS ACTIVITY REPORT OF THE SEVENTEENTH SESSION OF THE REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (RA V-17) (unedited and in official WMO languages when available)

2 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 1(1) Submitted by: Secretary-General 3.VIII.2018 [All amendments in the document have been made by the Secretariat] MATERIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SESSION Venue At the kind invitation of the Government of Tonga, the seventeenth session of the Regional Association V (RA V-17) will be held in Nuku alofa, Tonga from 15 to 17 October The opening ceremony will be held at 9.30 a.m. on 15 October at the National Reserve Bank Conference Center. The Regional Conference (RECO) will be held at the same venue from 12 to 13 October Documents Delegations wishing to submit documents before the session are invited to send them to the WMO Secretariat, as soon as possible but not later than 60 days before the opening of the session, in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 173(b) of the WMO General Regulations to allow time for translation. According to Regulation 172 of the WMO General Regulations, session documents should be distributed as soon as possible and preferably not later than 45 days before the opening of the session. Any document presented by a delegation should be submitted in the name of the Member of the Organization and not by an individual person. Processes and documents workflow The presentation of session documents and organization of the work of the session will differ this year from the practice of previous sessions, as explained at the RA V-17 website. (See RA V-17/INF. 1(2)). Distribution of documents Documents will be posted before and during the session on the session website, in line with WMO greening efforts to promote paper-smart meetings. Therefore, participants are kindly invited to bring internet-enabled portable computers capable of handling Microsoft Word 2010 and Adobe PDF formats so that they can work in paper-smart mode during the session. Provisional abridged report Approved documents showing amendments in all languages will be posted as soon as possible after the session on the RA V-17 website, in the folder Provisional Report.

3 RA V-17/INF. 1(1), p. 2 Registration of participants Online pre-registration is required for all participants to the RA V-17. In view of their official status with WMO, Permanent Representatives of WMO Members (PRs) have been given access to an online Event Registration System allowing the pre-registration of their respective delegations. More information concerning online pre-registration will be provided in due course on the RA V-17 website ( A conference information and registration desk will be set up close to the meeting rooms to facilitate the registration of participants and provision of general information. Registration for the RECO and RA V-17 will take place at the conference information and registration desk at the National Reserve Bank Conference Center and start on 11 October, from 4 to 6 p.m. It will continue throughout the RECO and the session. At the time of registration, participants will receive identification badges, which should be worn throughout the session. Credentials Pursuant to Regulation 21 of the General Regulations, prior to a session of a constituent body other than the Executive Council, each Member should, if possible, communicate to the Secretary-General the names of the persons composing the delegation to that body, indicating which of these shall be regarded as its principal delegate. In addition, a letter giving these particulars and signed by, or on behalf of, an appropriate governmental authority of the Member shall be sent to the Secretary-General or handed to his representative at the session. This letter shall be regarded as appropriate credentials for the participation of the individuals named therein in all activities of the constituent body. Representatives of international organizations invited as observers to the session should provide in advance, or bring to the session, a letter of representation signed by the appropriate authority from their organization. List of participants A provisional list of participants will be uploaded on the session website shortly after the beginning of the meeting. This list will be updated on a daily basis. Internet facilities Wireless Internet connection will be available in the main conference room and at the National Reserve Bank Conference Center. Entry requirements When arriving at any of Tonga s International Airports, travelers must proceed immediately to a Customs Officer at Passport Control booths provided for the necessary immigration clearances. Please note that travelers are required to hold passports with a validity of a minimum of 6 months when entering Tonga. Issuing of visitor visa on arrival shall be subject to conditions, including, that the traveller holds a valid return ticket out of the country to a country which he/she shall be permitted to enter and the Customs officer is satisfied that the traveller has sufficient funds to financially maintain him/herself whilst in the country. Travellers who are citizens of the following countries may be issued a 30-day visitor visa on arrival into Tonga.

4 RA V-17/INF. 1(1), p. 3

5 RA V-17/INF. 1(1), p. 4 Citizens of all other countries need visas to enter Tonga (prior to arrival). A genuine visitor intending to visit Tonga for a period of not less than 30 days is required to obtain an entry permit issued by the Immigration Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs prior to arriving in Tonga. For further details contact us on tongapermit@gmail.com. Participants requiring a visa should apply for visa in advance before the travel date. If further assistance is required please contact Mr Ofa Faanunu, Director of Meteorology at (676) or to: ofaf@met.gov.to. Transportation Participants are recommended to arrive at the Fua amotu International Airport (TBU) (website), where major companies operate. Delegates who require transfer from the Airport to the City should notify the local organising committee of their travel itinerary in advance. They will be met at the airport and transferred to their various hotels. Tax Services are also available on arrival. Cost of a taxi from the airport into the City is around TOP 50. Currency The local currency is the pa anga (TOP/PT/T$). The average exchange rate is as follows: 1 Euro = 2.65 Tongan Pa anga 1 USD = 2.24 Tongan Pa anga 1 CHF = 2.23 Tongan Pa anga Health requirements/medical services Up-to-date information on international travel and health requirements are provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) at the following websites: It is highly recommended that you take out personal medical insurance for the duration of the trip. Electricity and mobile phone connection Power systems are generally 240 volts and 50 Hz. An adaptor may be necessary. SIM cards for mobile phones are available. For more details, please visit the websites of the local mobile phone operators, or contact the local organising committee.

6 RA V-17/INF. 1(1), p. 5 Local climate in October Climate data during October in Nuku alofa, Tonga are listed below: Mean temperature 23 C Mean maximum temperature 27 C Mean minimum temperature 22 C Mean relative humidity 74% Mean precipitation 127 mm Mean number of days with precipitation 1 mm 11 days Mean duration of sunshine 13 h/day Updated weather information can be found on the Tonga Meteorological Services website at Hotel reservation Refer to Appendix A for Hotel/Accommodation Information and how to organize accommodation. Information and contact details of the local organizing committee (LOC) For any further information please contact the LOC at the following address: Local Coordinators for RA V-17: Mr Moleni Tu uholoaki (Chief Quality Officer) Tonga Meteorological Services Nuku alofa, TONGA Phone: (676) rav17localsec@met.gov.to Mrs Seluvaia Finaulahi (Senior Climatologist) Tonga Meteorological Services Nuku alofa, TONGA Phone: (676) rav17localsec@met.gov.to Appendices: 2 (available in English only)

7 RA V-17/INF. 1(1), p. 6 APPENDIX A LIST OF RECOMMENDED HOTELS Hotel names and distance from venue Contact details for reservation Single Standard Room per night (TOP) Double Deluxe Room per night (TOP) Tanoa International Dateline Hotel **** (5 min walk to venue) Tel: (676) dateline@tanoah otels.com N/A Superior Room $280 (Complimentary breakfast & wifi) Ocean View $360TOP (Complimentary breakfast & wifi) Malau Lodge ** (10 min walk to venue) Tel: (676) malau.lodge@live.com $120TOP (fan only/ shared facilities) $132TOP (Includes breakfast/shared facility) $160/170 (Includes breakfast/air conditioning) Simon s Place ** (30 min walk to venue) Tel: (676) simonsplacetong a@gmail.com N/A $150TOP (Includes breakfast/fan only) N/A Emerald Hotel **** (15 min walk to venue) Tel: (676) EmeraldHotelTon ga@gmail.com N/A $200TOP (Includes breakfast and unlimited wifi) Please note this is a special offer if more than 5 are booked to stay during the period of the meeting. twin-$top250, O/view king $TOP280, O/view executive $TOP349 Noa Guest House (30 min walk to venue) Tel: (676) noaguesthouse@ noaenterprises.co m $60TOP (Shared facility) $70TOP (Shared facility) $125TOP (Private) Tungi Colonade *** (25 min walk to venue) Little Italy *** (35 min walk to venue) Tel: (676) tcc123528@tungi colonade.com Tel: (676) melangel@kalian et.to $120TOP Includes one Queen size bed/extra sofa/air con/breakfas t/private facility. TOP$230 (stnd) $180TOP (Includes two Queen size beds, 3 sofas, breakfast/private facility) TOP$290 (Ocean view) N/A N/A

8 RA V-17/INF. 1(1), p. 7 Hotel names and distance from venue Contact details for reservation Single Standard Room per night (TOP) Double Deluxe Room per night (TOP) Waterfront lodge **** (40 min walk to venue) Tel: (676) waterfro1@kalian et.to N/A $270 (4 Garden View Rooms) /$280 (4 Sea view Rooms) N/A Seaview lodge **** (30 min walk to venue) Mamta Villa **** (45 min walk to venue) Black Pearl Suites **** (1hr walk to venue) Jezami Hotel **** (10 min walk to venue) Robianne s *** (15 min walk to venue) Meida Hotel *** Tel: (676) seaview.tonga@g mail.com Tel: (676) 22181/28724 mamtavilla@gma il.com Tel: (676) thepearl@kaliane t.to Tel: (676) 23660/22910 reception@jezam ihotel.com Tel: (676) 21650/ / fungalelea@gmail.com/robyanne@ kalianet.to Tel: (676) 28193/22193 meidahotel@gma il.com TOP$ 207 N/A TOP$ 180 (6 Standard Rooms) TOP$247garden view/top$281 sea view $195 (8 Standard Rooms) TOP$280 (8 Standard Suites)/$ N/A $295 (8 Deluxe Rooms) TOP 650 (2 Executive Suites) N/A N/A $230 (5 En-suites) N/A 4 Singles (TOP$180) N/A 3 Doubles+balcony ($220), 4 Twins ($250), 8 King size Rooms ($230) Include continental breakfast + 100MB 5 En-suites - Prizes Range (TOP$250, $240, $220, $180, $150) 1 En-suite ($280) Participants are encouraged to make their own bookings directly with the hotel/accommodation through the contacts here. Prices may vary according to season. The list above are those accommodation in the vicinity of the CBD and close to the venue. More detailed information is also available through booking.com however those that require assistance in securing accommodation can make arrangements through the local secretariat at rav17localsec@met.gov.to using the hotel reservation form in Appendix B.

9 RA V-17/INF. 1(1), p. 8 APPENDIX B HOTEL RESERVATION FORM World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, October 2018 Name Prof Dr Mr Mrs Ms (Underline Family Name) Organisation Address Country Telephone No. of Nights Check-in Date Check-out Date Fax Arrival Flight/Time Departure Flight/Time Type of Room Requested Single (Standard) Single (Double) Deluxe Suite Other/Request PLEASE THIS FORM DIRECTLY TO THE LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE AT rav17localsec@met.gov.to

10 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 1(2) Submitted by: Secretary-General 3.VIII.2018 DOCUMENT PROCESSING FOR THE SEVENTEENTH SESSION OF THE REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V Document types for the seventeenth session of the Regional Association V (1) The seventeenth session of the Regional Association V (RA V-17) will use two types of document: (a) (b) Doc. (documents) whose contents are listed below; these will appear in the final report; INF. (information) papers, which provide additional information relevant to the decisions/recommendations/resolutions adopted at the meeting; these will appear only in Part II of the report. (2) The first type of document (Doc.) will consist of up to three parts, and every document will contain at least one decision and/or one resolution and/or one recommendation: (a) (b) Resolutions (optional) are decisions of RA V that concern only the internal activities of the Association, such as actions to carry out its part of the strategic programme of the Organization, the establishment and terms of reference of a working group or the designation of a rapporteur, in line with General Regulation 163(a); Decisions (optional) place on record instructions/directives to the Management Group from RA V, Congress or EC resolutions or decisions, or provide records of RA V opinions/observations on a specific topic, procedural decisions and other decisions pertaining to the internal matters of RA V, in line with General Regulation 163(b); The decision justification (optional) is additional information that is essential to support the decision being made. This should be short and should refer, as far as possible, to pre-existing documents. This part of the document will appear in the final report immediately after the corresponding decision. (c) Recommendations to Congress or the Executive Council (optional) are decisions of RA V requiring financial support or implementation by Members, proposals for Secretariat action or requiring coordination with other WMO bodies or with bodies outside the Organization, in line with General Regulation 163(c);

11 RA V-17/INF. 1(2), p. 2 Document processing (3) The first version (DRAFT 1) of documents will be published on the RA V-17 website, and Members of the Association will be invited to send suggestions for improving the document to the Secretariat (rav17.plenary@wmo.int). These proposals will be assessed and the second draft (DRAFT 2) will be posted on the RA V-17 website. Only the pre-session version of these documents will be available in the two working languages of the Association, whereas in-session documents will be available in English only. (4) Information documents will be posted on the RA V-17 website, but are not intended for amendment or discussion. These will normally be available in English only. (5) During the session, the chairperson for an agenda item will lead the discussion on the documents for that item. Within a document, each decision will be discussed separately. In many cases each component of that decision, such as related annexes, will be discussed individually. Following current practice, component parts of a document may be approved by the session while other components may still need additional debate. Documents amended during the session will be posted successively as DRAFT 2, DRAFT 3, and so forth, and the final approved version will be marked APPROVED. (6) Discussion of the document may end in two ways. The complete document may be approved, in which case any agreed changes to the document will be included and the approved version will be published on the RA V-17 website in the PROVISIONAL REPORT folder. Alternatively, the chairperson of the session may decide that no further progress can be made with the document at that time, in which case changes to the document will be included in the next draft, and the modified document will be published on the RA V-17 website in the DRAFTS FOR DISCUSSION folder. This will be published as the next draft in the sequence (DRAFT 2, DRAFT 3, and so forth), whereas the previous draft will be moved to the SESSION ARCHIVE folder. (7) Versions of documents created during the session will be available in English only. Post-session publication (8) Approved documents from the session will be translated into in the two working languages of the Association and placed on the RA V-17 website in the PROVISIONAL REPORT (Approved documents) folder. (9) The approved documents, the agenda and the list of participants will be combined to form the abridged report of the session, which will be edited and published in the two working languages of the Association. A second part of the report, consisting of information documents will also be published, in English only.

12 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1) Submitted by: Secretary-General 15.X.2018 REPORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION 1. This report covers the period from the sixteenth session of the Association (May 2014) to September Members of the Association 2. The number of Members of the Association has remained at 23. Officers of the Association 3. Dr Andi Eka Sakya (Indonesia) and Mr Ofa Fa anunu (Tonga) served as president and vice-president of the Association, respectively. They conducted the affairs of the Association with dedication, enthusiasm and initiative, thus contributing to the further development of weather, climate and water services in the Region. Subsidiary bodies of the Association 4. At its sixteenth session, the Association re-established the Management Group, four working groups: Working Group on Weather Services (WG-WXS); Working Group on Climate Services (WG-CLS); Working Group on Hydrological Services (WG-HYS); and Working Group on Infrastructure (WG-INFR) and RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean (TCC). 5. The Management Group, working groups and TCC worked satisfactorily. The leads of the working groups and chair of TCC provided the final reports on the activities of the RA V subsidiary bodies during the intersessional period. The report is given in RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2). 6. The following meetings of RA V subsidiary bodies were held during this intersessional period: (a) (b) (c) Management Group Meetings: Eleventh session: 7 May 2014, Jakarta, Indonesia Twelfth session: 23 June 2014, Geneva, Switzerland Thirteenth session: 29 May 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Fourteenth session: 17 June 2016, Geneva, Switzerland Fifteenth session: 12 May 2017, Geneva, Switzerland Sixteenth session: 23 June 2018, Geneva, Switzerland Seventeenth session: September 2018, Jakarta, Indonesia Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean: Sixteenth session: 29 August 2 September 2016, back to back with the meeting of RSMT SWFDDP, August 2016 in Honiara, Solomon Islands; Seventeenth session: July 2018,, back to back with the meeting of RSMT SWFDDP, July 2018 in Noumea, New Caledonia; Working Group on Hydrological Services: 9 13 November 2015, Brisbane, Australia;

13 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 2 (d) (e) (f) Working Group on Weather Services: 11 August 2017, Honiara, Solomon Islands; Working Group on Climate Services: 2 4 February 2016, Singapore; Working Group on Infrastructure: 7 9 November 2017, Singapore, and regular meetings via tele-video conference; (g) RA V Working Group Leads and Tropical Cyclone Committee Chair s meeting: November 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia; Major activities and achievements 7. The Regional Forum for Directors of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Regional Association V was held in Nadi, Fiji, from 28 to 30 October The Forum adopted recommendations that will contribute to better weather, climate and water services for sustainable development in the Region, particularly focusing on: response to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR); implementation of the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) and establishment of Regional Climate Centre (RCC) networks; resolving deficiencies in aviation safety and services; implementation of the Programme for WMO Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Member Island Territories; and partnership and cooperation for capacity development; 8. The Regional Forum on Meteorological Services for Aviation Safety in Southeast Asia was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 29 to 30 April The Forum adopted Jakarta Recommendations on Regional Cooperation for Enhancing Meteorological Services for International Air Navigation by the WMO Member States in Southeast Asia. In response to the Recommendations, a SIGMET coordination pilot project was conducted in Southeast Asia from October 2016 to March 2017 with three target countries Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. After successful implementation of the pilot phase, it transitioned to 24/7 operational SIGMET coordination on 1 August 2017; 9. The Joint RA II/RA V Workshop on WIGOS for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, on October 2015; 10. Pacific Small Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) in RA V contributed to the planning of the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC) activities including the development of the Pacific Islands Meteorological Strategy and the Pacific Roadmap for Strengthened Climate Services , for alignment with the WMO Strategic Plan and the Global Framework for Climate Service (GCFS), and actively participated in the following events: (a) (b) The Third Session of the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC-3)(Nuku alofa, Tonga July 2015) and the Fourth Session of the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC-4) and the Second Pacific Ministerial Meeting on Meteorology (PMMM- 2)(Honiara, Solomon Islands, August 2017); Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC) Panels: (i) (ii) RA V Pacific Islands Regional Climate Centre (PI-RCC) has been discussed through the PMC Panel for Climate Services and the PI-RCC Implementation Plan was endorsed by PMC-4. PICTs NMHSs implementation and compliance with the International Organization of Standards (ISO) 9001: 2015 standards and Annex 3 of ICAO Convention and, competency of Aeronautical Meteorological Observers and Forecasters, all discussed through the PMC Panel for Aviation Weather Services.

14 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 3 (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Feasibility study for a Pacific based WMO Regional Training Centre, discussed by the PMC Panel for Education, Training and Research. The concept note for a second phase of Pacific-HYCOS has been discussed and promoted through the PMC Panel for Hydrology. Coordination, collaboration and discussion between NMHSs and Telecommunication Authorities through the PMC Panel for Communication and Infrastructure. Discussing strategic ways to assist PICTs NMHSs to meet their obligations under SOLAS through the PMC Panel for Marine and Ocean Services. 11. Decisions to advance the implementation of service delivery component of the SWFDDP were made at the SWFDDP South Pacific Project Meeting of the regional Sub Project management Team (Noumea, New Caledonia, July 2018). The areas included: Impact-Based Forecast and Warnings Services (IBFWS); developing the competence to issue warnings in the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) format; engaging fully and actively with the WMO Register of Alerting Authorities; and contributing to the Severe Weather Information Centre (SWIC) and the World Weather Information System (WWIS); 12. The Eleventh Southern Hemisphere Training Course on Tropical Cyclones and Workshop on Public Weather Service (Melbourne, Australia, 5 16 October 2015); and the Twelfth Southern Hemisphere Training Course on Tropical Cyclones and Workshop on Public Weather Service (Nadi, Fiji, September 2017); 13. The CAP Jump Start training workshops for RA V (click here for Fiji and here for the summary of the islands) in which country teams were trained on the basics of CAP as well as the technical aspects of CAP were conducted. In each island, about 15 to 25 participants were trained and they included forecasters, disaster management and IT people. The training workshops were conducted as follows: Palau (4 5 July 2017); Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, 7 July 2017) and (Phonpei, July 2017); Fiji, (18 19 July 2017); Tuvalu (25 26 July 2017); Niue (2 3 August 2017); and Nauru (10 11 August 2017). A Television Weather Presenter Training Workshop was conducted for the staff of Fiji Meteorological Service (Nadi, Fiji, September 2017); 14. Capacity development activities were actively conducted through extra-budgetary resources mainly through the voluntary contributions from WMO Members and projects: (a) (b) (c) The Finnish-Pacific (FINPAC) Project on 'Reduced vulnerability of Pacific island country villagers livelihoods to the effects of climate change' contributed to the capacity development of the NMHSs of the Pacific SIDS Members and also to develop appropriate plans to address climate change and disasters in the Pacific. The FINPAC Project was officially concluded on 31 December 2016; The Project on Building resilience to high-impact hydro-meteorological events through strengthening Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems (MHEWS) in Pacific SIDS is being implemented with funds provided to WMO by the Government of Canada as its contribution to the Climate Risk and Early Warning System (CREWS) initiative, which in turn leverages additional resources through the CREWS Multi- Donor Trust Fund to strengthen MHEWS in the Region; The CREWS MDTF further support the project Weather and Climate Early Warning System for Papua New Guinea, approved in November 2017;

15 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 4 (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) The Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project is being implemented in both Fiji and Indonesia, by WMO (JCOMM and CHy). For CIFDP-Fiji, funding is provided by the Republic of Korea (Korea Meteorological Administration, KMA) and technical support is being provided from partners including the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Environment Canada, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Pacific Community (SPC), New Zealand s Climate, Freshwater and Ocean Science Centre (NIWA). For CIFDP-Indonesia, the BMKG have self-funded with support from WMO. Technical support is being provided from BMKG, Environment Canada, Deltares (The Netherlands), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), New Zealand s Climate, Freshwater and Ocean Science Centre (NIWA), United Kingdom s MetOffice, and National Oceanography Centre. Both CIFDP-Fiji and Indonesia are entering their pre-operational testing and technical capacity building phases, with expected completion in 2019; The Severe Weather Forecasting and Disaster risk reduction Demonstration Project (SWFDDP) continued successfully in demonstration phase, meeting the need of participating countries. It still needs to identify the Regional entity to take on responsibility so the project could move to operational phase; The Programme on the Implementation of GFCS at Regional and National Scales with support from the Government of Canada, and implemented in the Pacific SIDS with collaboration with SPREP provided support to GFCS-related activities; A Green Climate Fund (GCF) project funding proposal for Enhancing EWS to Build Better Resilience to Hydro-meteorological Hazards in Pacific SIDS for five SIDS Members (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste and Vanuatu) is currently under development; HimawariCast receiving and processing systems were installed in the Pacific Members (Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Tonga and Tuvalu) through the WMO/JMA HimawariCast Project; A workshop on Advancing Groundwater Monitoring in Pacific SIDS was held in Fiji in September 2016, jointly organized by IGRAC and WMO, with the support of SPC and SPREP. It gathered 25 participants from 11 countries to review the state of groundwater resources and monitoring in their countries and to learn on groundwater monitoring and assessment techniques; A nine-week Distance Learning Course for Field Hydrology Technicians was held from May to July 2017, jointly organized by WMO, NIWA and COMET. Ten participants completed the course where they learned to perform measurements and system maintenance for streamflow equipment and rain gauges; Training on National Multi-Hazards Early Warning System with Geospatial Applications for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development for 12 participants from 6 Pacific Island Countries (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Island, Tonga, Vanuatu) was held in Indonesia from 10 July to 2 August The training was followed up with the technical assistance in implementing the Pilot Project Plan developed by each participants from 3 selected countries (Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Vanuatu); The training was held under the project funded by the Government of Japan in collaboration with Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) and Pacific organizations such as Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SRPEP) under the supervision of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) with the support from WMO;

16 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 5 (l) OSCAR/Surface Training Course for RA V Members was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, on September 2018 in collaboration between WMO, MeteoSwiss, and the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG); 15. Refinement and implementation of the RA V Operating Plan was made, and guidance for the regional priorities and the future working mechanism of the Association was provided; 16. There has been progress in the development of National Strategic Plan and Legislative Framework for RA V Pacific Islands Members. The number of Members with National Strategic and Implementation Plan increased from two to three for the last fiscal period and three more Members are planning or under preparation of National Strategic Plans, and the number of meteorological bills increased from two to four and two more Members are preparing for the legislative framework (see Annex I); 17. Meeting of RA II WIGOS Project and Coordination Meeting of RA V Task Team on Satellite Utilization in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 11 October 2018 back to back with Ninth Asia/Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users Conference (AOMSUC-9); 18. Southeastern Asia-Oceania Flash Flood Guidance (SAOFFG) project is underway for Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, and Timor-Leste. The purpose of this project is the development and implementation of regional flash flood guidance and early warning systems. The approach will entail development of regional technology, training, protocols and procedures to address the issues of mitigating the impacts of flash floods and the application of such a system allowing the provision of critical and timely information by the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of the participating countries; 19. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics comprising the National Meteorological Services of ASEAN member countries endorsed ASEAN Climate Outlook Forum (ASEANCOF) in July 2013, an RCOF cutting across two WMO Regional Associations, RA II and RA V. ASEANCOF sessions are being regularly held since 2013 twice a year, with one of them in virtual form through /teleconference and the other as a physical session; 20. Singapore Cooperation Programme on "Management Programme for National Meteorological and Hydro Services" was held by the Government of Singapore in collaboration with WMO in Singapore, on September A list of events is given in the Annex II. WMO Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific and the WMO Office for South-West Pacific 21. The Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific, which moved from the WMO headquarters in Geneva to Singapore in September 2018, has been providing effective support to NMHSs in their efforts to enhance their services as well as to the president, vice-president and subsidiary bodies of the Association in discharging their responsibilities; 22. The WMO Office for South-West Pacific, located in Apia, Samoa has been facilitating implementation of WMO regional events, maintaining close contact with Members, providing support to meet requirements of Members in the Region and also to address WMO cross-cutting programmes with relevant regional organizations;

17 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p The Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific and the WMO Office for South- West Pacific have played an important role in various regional activities including the support for the president. Missions of the president 24. In his capacity as the president of RA V, Dr Andi Eka Sakya attended the seventeenth World Meteorological Congress (Geneva, 2015) and the sessions of the Executive Council (Geneva, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018) as well as the Financial Advisory Committee and the WMO Bureau, the Meetings of Presidents of Regional Associations and joint Meetings of the Presidents of Regional Associations and Presidents of Technical Commissions (2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018). He also presided over MG meetings and Regional Forum. Challenges and future priorities 25. A survey was conducted to identify challenges and future priorities in the region in August The RA V Members were asked to identify the most pressing challenges from a list of 16 predefined categories by rating the extent of the challenge. The survey identified the most serious challenges for RA V among others as follows: (1) Adequacy of NWP modelling capacity; (2) Lack of qualified personnel in some areas; (3) Budget - anticipated cuts; (4) Adequacy of hydrology services; (5) Relationship with private sector; (6) Adequacy of marine services. 26. An analysis for subregions (Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands) were also made, and serious challenges identified in those subregions were: Southeast Asia (1) Adequacy of NWP modelling capacity; (2) Budget - anticipated cuts; (3) Lack of qualified personnel in some areas; (4) Visibility towards the decision makers needs to be improved; (4) Adequacy of agriculture services; (4) Adequacy of marine services. Pacific Islands (1) Adequacy of NWP modelling capacity; (2) Lack of qualified personnel in some areas; (3) Adequacy of hydrology services; (4) Budget - anticipated cuts; (4) Adequacy of marine services; (6) Adequacy of the existing observing systems. 27. Respondents were also asked to identify up to six priority areas from a list of 11 preidentified categories for future work to help address the challenges identified above. The identified specific regional priorities for RA V among others include: (1) Forecast and EWS; (2) Capacity building; (3) Aviation services; (4) Financial Support; (5) Climate services & GFCS;

18 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 7 (6) WIGOS. 28. An analysis for the same subregions was also undertaken and the following subregional priorities were identified. Southeast Asia (1) Forecast and EWS; (2) Capacity building; (3) Climate services & GFCS; (4) Aviation services; (5) WIGOS; (6) Financial Support. Pacific Islands (1) Capacity building; (2) Forecast and EWS; (3) Financial Support; (4) Aviation services; (5) Climate services & GFCS; (6) QMS. 29. A survey report with detailed data is given as Annex III. Acknowledgements 30. The president of the Association would like to express his appreciation and gratitude to all those who have contributed to the work of the Association. Particular thanks are due to the vice-president, Mr Ofa Fa anunu, and the leads, vice-leads of RA V Working Groups and chairperson of TCC. Thanks are due to the Members of the Association who have hosted various meetings, conferences and training events during the intersessional period; 31. The president would also like to express his deep gratitude and appreciation to the Secretary-General of WMO and to the Secretariat, in particular the Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific and the WMO Office for South-West Pacific, for their valuable supports and advice in the work of the Association. Annexes: 3

19 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 8 Annex I National Strategic Plan and Legislative Framework for RA V Pacific Islands Members: National Strategic and Implementation Plan Summary Vanuatu: Meteorology and Geo-Hazard Department Strategic Plan ( ) National Strategic and Implementation Plan for Meteorological Services are incorporated in the mother Ministries or Department in most Pacific Island Countries (PICs). Two National Meteorological Services have National Strategic Plan: (i) Vanuatu: Meteorology and Geo-Hazard Department Strategic Plan ( ) endorsed in (ii) Kiribati: Meteorological Service Strategic Plan and Implementation Plan ( ) completed in Kiribati: Meteorological Service Strategic Plan and Implementation Plan ( ) To be reviewed under CREWS Fiji: Meteorological Service s Strategy Plan (under development), with funding support from WMO ECCC. Federated States of Micronesia, Tonga and Tuvalu: Plans to develop National Strategic Plans with funding support from CREWS and ECCC. Increasing from 2 NSPs to 3 NSPs (and likely to 6) Meteorology Bill / Legislation National Framework for Climate Services Solomon Islands: Meteorological Services Act No. 4 endorsed by National Parliament (1985) Niue: Meteorological Act No 326 approved by the National Parliament (2013) Vanuatu: Bill for Meteorology, Geo-Hazards and Climate Change drafted and undergoing public awareness and consultation (2012) Tonga: Bill for Meteorology initiated in consultation with WMO and undergoing discussions and consultations (August 2011 ~) Vanuatu: Meteorology, Geo-Hazards and Climate Change Act No. 25 approved by the National Parliament (Jan 2016) Tonga: Meteorology Act No. 1 approved by the National Parliament and commencement (April 2017) Fiji: Meteorological Service s Bill (under discussion) Solomon Islands: To update Meteorology Act No 4 Kiribati and Tuvalu: To draft Meteorology Bills under CREWS No National Framework for Climate Services Vanuatu: National Framework for Climate Services approved (July 2016) Fiji: National Framework for Climate Services (under development) Increasing from 2 Meteorology Act to 4 (and likely to 6) Increasing from none to 1 (and likely to 2)

20 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 9 ANNEX II A LIST OF EVENTS FROM JUNE 2014 TO 2018 Part I: WMO constituent body sessions and RA V Regional Conferences/Regional Seminars Regional Forum for Directors of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific), Nadi, Fiji, October 2015 Part II: RA V Subsidiary Body Meetings/Sessions Twelfth session of RA V Management Group, Geneva, 23 June 2014 Thirteenth session of RA V Management Group, Geneva, 29 May 2015 RA V Working Group on Infrastructure/Joint RA II/V WIGOS Workshop, Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2015 Working Group Leads/Vice Leads and TCC Chair s Meeting on Strategic Planning in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific), Nadi, Fiji, 31 October 2015 RA V Working Group on Hydrological Services, ninth session, Brisbane, Australia, 9 13 November 2015 Meeting of RA V Working Group on Climate Services, Singapore, 2 4 February 2016 Fourteenth session of RA V Management Group, Geneva, 17 June 2016 Sixteenth session of RA V Tropical Cyclones Committee, Honiara, Solomon Islands, 29 August 2 September 2016 RA V Working Group on Infrastructure (videoconference), 8 February and 8 March 2017 Fifteenth session of RA V Management Group, Geneva, 12 May 2017 Working Group on Weather Services (RA V WG-WXS), Honiara, Solomon Islands, 11 August 2017 Joint GCOS/WIGOS workshop for Pacific SIDS/LDCs, Nadi, Fiji, 9 12 October 2017 Working Group on Infrastructure (RA V WG-INFR), Singapore, 7 9 November 2017 Working Group Leads and Tropical Cyclone Committee Chair s meeting, Jakarta, Indonesia, November 2017 Monthly meeting via video/tele-conference of RAV WG-INFR Part III: Other Meetings, Workshops and Training Courses The 3 rd ASEAN Climate Outlook Forum (ASEANCOF), Singapore, November 2014 Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, Apia, Samoa, 1 5 September 2014 Increasing the Resilience of Local Communities through Climate Information: Lessons Learned from the Pacific Region, a Side Event during the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, 1 September 2014 WMO Technical Discussion: Managing Tropical Cyclones from Cuba to Samoa, a Side Event during the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, 1 September 2014 Strengthening Weather and Climate Services to Protect Small island Developing States, a Side Event during the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, 2 September 2014 Regional Training Workshop on Project Proposal Preparation for the Adaptation Fund, Apia, Samoa, September 2014 Conference of the Parties to the Noumea Convention, Majuro, Marshall Islands, 25 September 2015 Conference of the Parties to the Waigani Convention, Majuro, Marshall Islands, 26 September 2015

21 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 10 Pacific Environment Forum, Majuro, Marshall Islands, Majuro, Marshall Islands, 29 September 2014 Twenty-Fifth SPREP Meeting of Officials, Majuro, Marshall Islands, 30 September 2 October 2014 Environment Minister s Session of the SPREP Meeting of Officials, Majuro, Marshall Islands, 3 October 2014 US NOAA South Pacific Region Training Needs Review Discussion, Nadi, Fiji, 19 January 2015 Regional Experts Roundtable on Climate Services for Agriculture and Food and Nutrition Security, Apia, Samoa, February 2015 Joint Pacific United Nations Country Team (Fiji & Samoa) Operation Management Team Training on the United Nations Development Operation Coordination Office Business Operating Strategy, Suva, Fiji, 2 5 March 2015 Joint Pacific United Nations Country Team (Fiji & Samoa) Retreat, Suva, Fiji, 3 5 March 2015 First Papua New Guinea National Climate Outlook Forum, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, March 2015 Regional Forum on Meteorological Services for Aviation Safety in Southeast Asia, Jakarta, Indonesia, April 2015 Australian Government Funded Climate and Ocean Services Programme in the Pacific Planning and Steering Committee Meeting, Apia, Samoa, 4 6 May 2015 Second Meeting of the Pacific Islands Climate Services Panel, 7 8 May 2015, Apia, Samoa Pacific Climate Change Roundtable, Apia, Samoa, May 2015 Pacific Island Countries Preparatory Meeting for the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Apia, Samoa, 15 May 2015 The 4 th ASEAN Climate Outlook Forum (ASEANCOF), Jakarta, Indonesia, May 2015 First Meeting of the Pacific Islands Climate Services Panel, Nadi, Fiji, August 2015 The 5 th ASEAN Climate Outlook Forum (ASEANCOF), Singapore, November 2015 First Pacific Islands Climate Outlook Forum, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, October 2015 BMKG Training Course on Weather Analysis, Citeko, Bogor, Indonesia, 28 March 9 April 2016 BMKG Training Course for Telecommunication Operators 2016, Citeko, Bogor, Indonesia, 5 13 April 2016 Fourth meeting of the Regional Subproject Management Team (RSMT) for the SWFDP, Honiara, Solomon Islands, August 2016; Thirty-eighth Meeting of the ASEAN Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics, Yangon, Myanmar, August 2016; Training workshop on advancing groundwater monitoring in Pacific SIDS, Suva, Fiji, 29 August 2 September 2016; Pacific Islands Aviation Weather Services (PIAWS) Panel, Honiara, Solomon Islands, 2 September 2016; Pacific Regional Training on QMS, Nadi, Fiji, October 2016; Second Pacific Islands Climate Outlook Forum (PICOF-2), Nadi, Fiji, October 2016; Pacific Roadmap for Strengthening Climate Services, Nadi, Fiji, October 2016; Southeast Asian RCC-Network Implementation Planning Meeting, November 2016, Manila, Philippines, November 2016; Seventh ASEAN Climate Outlook Forum (ASEANCOF), Manila, Philippines, November 2016; In-country training for Kiribati Meteorological Service, Kiribati, December 2016; Meeting of the Regional Subproject Management Team of the Severe Weather Forecasting and Disaster risk reduction Demonstration Project for SE Asia, Hanoi, Viet Nam, August 2016;

22 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 11 In-country training for Kiribati Meteorological Service staff on Tarawa on aviation weather observations and reporting, and AMO competency assessment, Kiribati, March 2017; Wrap-up meeting of the Pilot project on SIGMET Coordination in Southern Asia, Singapore, March 2017; Informal Planning Meeting of the WMO Voluntary Cooperation Programme (VCP IPM), Melbourne, Australia, 4 6 April Space-Based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring (SWCEM) Demonstration Project (SEMDP) Workshop, Jakarta, Indonesia, March 2018; A Preparatory Meeting for SEMDP in East Asia and Western Pacific Regional Subproject Steering Group (SG-SEMDP); Jakarta, Indonesia, 22 March 2018; Regional group BIP-MT training program for Pacific SIDS/LDCs, Nadi, Fiji, 24 April 29 June 2017; Distance learning course for field hydrology technicians for SIDS/LDCs in RA V, 22 May 28 July 2017; Launching of the Years of the Maritime Continent Research Campaign , Jakarta, Indonesia, 17 July 2017; Training on National Multi-Hazards Early Warning System with Geo-Spatial Applications for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development, Citeko, Indonesia, 10 July 2 August 2017; Fourth session of the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC-4), Honiara, Solomon Islands, August 2017; Second Pacific Islands Ministers Meeting on Meteorology (PIMMM-2), Honiara, Solomon Islands, 18 August 2017; Ninth ASEAN Regional Climate Outlook Forum (ASEANCOF-9), Hanoi, Viet Nam, November 2017; Year of Maritime Continent (YMC) - Sumatra 2017 campaign, Bengkulu, Indonesia, November 2017 January 2018 (Land-based, 16 November January 2018 and Ship on-station, 3 December January 2018; Focus Group Discussion II on (YMC IOP) between BMKG-BPPT-JAMSTEC, Bengkulu, Indonesia, 15 January 2018; Fiji National Climate Outlook Forum (NCOF) and National Stakeholders Consultation on Climate Services (NSC), Suva, Fiji, February 2018; Regional Workshop on Strengthening Multi-Hazards Early Warning System for Pacific Islands Countries, Bali, Indonesia, 7 8 March 2018; Niue national workshop on oceans and tides, Alofi, Niue, March 2018; Vanuatu national public-private sector stakeholders meeting to support maritime safety and energy efficiency, Port Vila, Vanuatu, March 2018; Pacific Climate Change Science and Services Research Strategy Workshop, Apia, Samoa, April 2018; National workshop on lessons learned from tropical cyclone Gita, Nuku alofa, Tonga, 30 April 2 May 2018; Tonga National Climate Outlook Forum (NCOF), Nuku alofa, Tonga, 3 4 May 2018; Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC) Panel on Oceans and Marines Services (PIMOS), Nuku alofa, Tonga, 7 May 2018; WMO Experts Mission to Fiji, May Part IV: Events of extra-budgetary projects Regional Consultation on the Independent Corporate Review of SPREP and the Mid- Term Review of SPREP Strategic Plan, Nadi, Fiji, May 2014 Pacific International Training Desk First Group for 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 16 June 11 July 2014 Meteorological Technician Training Course at WMO Regional Training Centre, Manila, Philippines, 5 August 22 December 2014

23 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 12 Pacific International Training Desk Second Group for 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 11 August 5 September 2014 Pacific International Training Desk Third Group for 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 1 September 10 October 2014 Pacific International Training Desk Fourth Group for 2015, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 20 October 14 November 2014 Severe Weather Forecast and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project In-country Training in Samoa, Apia, Samoa, 9 13 March 2015 Post Disaster Needs Assessment and Damage and Loss Assessment after Tropical Cyclone Pam Impacted Vanuatu, Port Vila, Vanuatu, 1 17 April 2015 WMO Post-Tropical Cyclone Pam Expert Mission to Vanuatu, Port Vila, Vanuatu, April 2015 Severe Weather Forecast and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project In-country Training in Fiji, Nadi, Fiji, April 2015 Australian Government Funded Climate and Ocean Programme in the Pacific Traditional Knowledge Meeting in the Solomon Islands, Honiara, Solomon Islands, April 2015 Severe Weather Forecast and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project In-country Training in Kiribati, Tawara, Kiribati, 27 April 1 May 2015 Pacific International Training Desk First Group for 2015, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 27 April 22 May 2015 Data Buoy Cooperation Panel Pacific Islands First Capacity Building Workshop, Koror, Palau, 4 7 May 2015 Media Training on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction, Nuku alofa, Tonga, May 2015 Australian Government Funded Climate and Ocean Programme in the Pacific Training Workshop on Climate Services, Nuku alofa, Tonga, May 2015 The Blue Planet Symposium, Cairns, Australia, May 2015 The Third Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC-3), Nuku'alofa, Tonga, July 2015 The first Pacific Ministers Meeting on Meteorology (PMMM), Nuku'alofa, Tonga, 24 July 2015 Southeastern Asia-Oceania Flash Flood Guidance (SAOFFG) Initial Planning Meeting, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2 4 February 2016 Finland-Pacific Project Practitioners Workshop, Nadi, Fiji, October 2016; First Steering Committee Meeting (SCM 1) of Southeastern Asia-Oceania Flash Flood Guidance (SAOFFG) Project, Jakarta, Indonesia, July 2017; First Meeting of the CREWS Pacific SIDS Project Steering Committee Meeting (Pacific SIDS PSC-1), Honiara, Solomon Islands, 9 August 2017; Meeting on the Green Climate Fund (GCF) project funding proposal for Enhancing early warning systems to better build resilience to hydro-meteorological hazards in Pacific SIDS (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste and Vanuatu), Honiara, Solomon Islands, 9 August 2017; Inception workshop on the GCF project funding proposal for Enhancing early warning systems to better build resilience to hydro-meteorological hazards in Pacific SIDS, Nadi, Fiji, November 2017; National consultation workshop on the GCF project funding proposal for Enhancing early warning systems to better build resilience to hydro-meteorological hazards in Pacific SIDS : Timor Leste, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, 23 November-15 December 2017; Kick-off Meeting Weather Ready Nation Indonesia, Jakarta & Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 21 February 1 March 2018; Inception workshop on the Green Climate Fund (GCF)/SPREP/Vanuatu Climate Information Services for Resilient Development (CISRD) Project, Port Vila, Vanuatu, February 2018; First meeting of the Steering Committee for the Green Climate Fund (GCF)/SPREP/Vanuatu Climate Information Services for Resilient Development (CISRD) Project, Port Vila, Vanuatu, 26 February 2018;

24 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 13 Southeastern Asia-Oceania Flash Flood Guidance System (SAOFFGS) Steering Committee Meeting 2 (SCM2), Citeko, Indonesia, 3 5 April 2018; Final Planning Meeting and Eleventh Steering Committee Meeting for the Australian Government funded Phase 1 of the Climate and Ocean Service Programme in the Pacific (COSPPac), Nuku alofa Tonga, 8 9 May 2018; Pre-planning Meeting for the Australian Government funded Phase 2 of the Climate and Ocean Service Programme in the Pacific (COSPPac), Nuku alofa Tonga, May 2018; Regional validation workshop on the Green Climate Fund (GCF) project funding proposal for Enhancing early warning systems to better build resilience to hydro-meteorological hazards in Pacific SIDS, Port Vila, Vanuatu, May 2018.

25 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 14 ANNEX III Survey on the Challenges and Priorities of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in the Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OCTOBER 2018

26 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 15 Introduction The Members of the WMO Regional Association V (RA V) have been surveyed in order to identify the most important challenges and priorities of Members. The data obtained from the Survey will help prepare baseline information and background material, including the identification of regional priorities, in order to inform and support evidence-based strategic planning discussions at the forthcoming seventeenth session of RA V. The Survey was conducted on-line using the SurveyMonkey platform during the period August September Twenty-one out of possible 23 responses were received. Challenges Members were asked to identify the most pressing challenges from a list of 16 predefined categories by rating the extent of the challenge on a 5-point scale (1 = no challenge; 2 = slight challenge; 3 = moderate challenge; 4 = moderate/serious challenge; 5 = serious challenge). The scores were then tallied and averaged to produce a list that illustrates the most significant challenges facing NMHSs in order of significance (see Figure 1 below). The most significant challenges identified were: adequacy of NWP modelling capacity, anticipated budget cuts and lack of qualified personnel. Adequacy of existing observing systems, the needs of improvement of visibility towards the decision makers, and adequacy of hydrology services were also highly rated (see Figure 1). (1) Adequacy of NWP modelling capacity; (2) Lack of qualified personnel in some areas; (3) Budget - anticipated cuts; (4) Adequacy of hydrology services; (5) Relationship with private sector; Adequacy of NWP modeling capacity Lack of qualified personnel in some areas Budget - anticipated cuts Adequacy of hydrology services Relationship with private sector Adequacy of marine services Adequacy of the existing observing systems Visibility towards the decision makers needs to Adequacy of EWS and services for DRR Adequacy of telecommunication facilities and Adequacy of aviation services Adequacy of agriculture services Data policies Adequacy of climate services Introduction/maintenance of QMS Staff - anticipated cuts Figure 1. Challenges of NMHSs (Whole RA V)

27 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 16 An analysis for subregions (Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands) was also made, and serious challenges identified in those subregions were: Southeast Asia (1) Adequacy of NWP modelling capacity; (2) Budget - anticipated cuts; (3) Lack of qualified personnel in some areas; (4) Visibility towards the decision makers needs to be improved; (4) Adequacy of agriculture services; (4) Adequacy of marine services. Adequacy of NWP modeling capacity Budget - anticipated cuts Lack of qualified personnel in some areas Visibility towards the decision makers needs to be Adequacy of agriculture services Adequacy of marine services Adequacy of EWS and services for DRR Adequacy of climate services Relationship with private sector Adequacy of the existing observing systems Adequacy of telecommunication facilities and capacity Data policies Staff - anticipated cuts Introduction/maintenance of QMS Adequacy of hydrology services Adequacy of aviation services Figure 2. Challenges of NMHSs (Southeast Asia) Pacific Islands (1) Adequacy of NWP modeling capacity; (2) Lack of qualified personnel in some areas; (3) Adequacy of hydrology services; (4) Budget - anticipated cuts; (4) Adequacy of marine services; Adequacy of NWP modeling capacity Lack of qualified personnel in some areas Adequacy of hydrology services Budget - anticipated cuts Adequacy of marine services Adequacy of the existing observing systems Relationship with private sector Adequacy of aviation services Adequacy of telecommunication facilities and capacity Introduction/maintenance of QMS Adequacy of EWS and services for DRR Staff - anticipated cuts Adequacy of climate services Visibility towards the decision makers needs to be Adequacy of agriculture services Data policies Figure 3. Challenges of NMHSs (Pacific Islands)

28 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 17 Respondents were asked to identify up to six priority areas from a list of 11 pre-identified categories (WIGOS, Capacity building, Forecast and EWS, Climate services & GFCS, Financial Support, Aviation services, QMS, WIS, Partnership and Outreach program and Institutional - legislative framework) for future work to help address the challenges identified above. Table 2 provides the comparative priority areas based on weighted value weighing top priority as highest value of 6 and decreasing subsequently. Table 2. Weighted priority areas Priority Weighted value Forecast and EWS Capacity building Aviation services Financial Support Climate services & GFCS WIGOS QMS Partnership and Outreach program Institutional - legislative framework WIS Commercial service Forecast and EWS Capacity building Aviation services Financial Support Climate services & GFCS WIGOS QMS Partnership and Outreach program Institutional - legislative framework WIS Commercial Services Figure 4. Future Priority (Whole RA V) An analysis for the same subregions was also undertaken and the following subregional priorities were identified. Southeast Asia (1) Forecast and EWS (2) Capacity building (3) Climate services & GFCS (4) Aviation services (5) WIGOS (6) Financial Support

29 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(1), p. 18 Forecast and EWS 32 Capacity building 25 Climate services & GFCS 18 Aviation services 15 WIGOS 11 Financial Support 8 Partnership and Outreach program 7 QMS 3 WIS 3 Commercial Services 3 Institutional - legislative framework Figure 5. Future Priority (Southeast Asia) Pacific Islands (1) Capacity building (2) Forecast and EWS (3) Financial Support (4) Aviation services (5) Climate services & GFCS (6) QMS Capacity building Forecast and EWS Financial Support Aviation services Climate services & GFCS QMS WIGOS Institutional - legislative framework Partnership and Outreach program WIS Commercial Services Figure 6. Future Priority (Pacific Islands)

30 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2) Submitted by: Secretary-General 14.X.2018 FINAL REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF RA V WORKING GROUPS AND TROPICAL CYCLONE COMMITTEE A final report of the RA V Working Groups and the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean on the respective activities is attached herewith.

31 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 2 TROPICAL CYCLONE COMMITTEE (TCC) FOR THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND SOUTH-EAST INDIAN OCEAN 1. Introduction MIKE BERGIN BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY, AUSTRALIA The TCC was established in 1985 to ensure the provision of quality and well-integrated warning services for tropical cyclones across the RA V Region south of the equator, to ensure the safety of people and property both on land and across the oceans. The TCC meets bi-annually and has met twice since the last session of RAV, most recently the 17th Session of the Committee was held in Noumea, New Caledonia from July 2018 and previously the 16 th session was held in Honiara, Solomon Islands from 29 August 2 September Working Group Structure The Working Group is composed of one chair, Task Team on Severe Weather Forecast and Disaster Risk Reduction including Data Processing and Forecasting System (TT-SWFD/DPFS); and Task Team on Coastal Inundation including Storm Surge (TT-CISS). Each TT consists of one leader and several experts. 3. Membership TCC Name Country Chair Mr Mike BERGIN Australia Task Team on Severe Weather TT Leader Mr James LUNNY New Zealand Forecast and Disaster Risk Expert Mr Moleni TU UHOLOAKI Tonga Reduction including Data Mr Tom EVANS USA Processing and Forecasting Mr A. Fachri RADJAB Indonesia System (TT-SWFD/DPFS) Misaeli Funaki Fiji Task Team on Coastal Inundation including Storm Surge (TT-CISS) 4. Terms of Reference for the TCC TT Leader Dr Jamie RHOME USA Expert Mr Reginald HINGANO Tonga Mr Agus Wahyu RAHARJO Indonesia Terry Atalifo Fiji The terms of reference of the Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Oceans (TCC) are as follows: a. To promote and coordinate the planning and implementation of measures for the improvement of cyclone warning systems and related meteorological services and the facilitation of efforts to minimize loss of life, human suffering and damage caused by tropical cyclones and related natural hazardous phenomena in the tropical part of Region V south of the equator; b. To review regularly the status of tropical cyclone warning systems in the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee area and recommend measures for the development or improvement of these systems; c. To review regularly the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean and recommend any amendments to the text of the Plan to the president of RA V for approval;

32 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 3 d. To coordinate its work with other activities carried out within the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme, in particular, with the Regional Association I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)/WMO Typhoon Committee; e. To coordinate its activities with other RA V Working Groups; f. To develop, update and facilitate the implementation of the Technical Plan of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee; g. To seek, through RA V, financial and technical support for the programme activities; h. To promote and coordinate the planning and implementation of measures for the establishment of the Storm Surge Watch Scheme in the Region in collaboration with the Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM); and i. To establish task teams as it finds necessary to carry out the work of the Committee, noting the decisions of RA V with respect to the creation of the Task Team on Severe Weather Forecasting including Global Data-processing and Forecasting System and the Task Team on Coastal Inundation including Storm Surges. 5. Terms of Reference for the Task Team on Coastal Inundation including Storm Surge (TT-CISS) The TCC proposed TORs for TT-CISS which were approved by RA-V: The Task Team for Coastal Inundation and Storm Surge (TT-CISS) is responsible for: 1. Promoting the development of coastal inundation and storm surge activities in the RAV region, such as the Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) (currently the CIFDP is in Fiji and Indonesia); 2. Identifying the countries in the RAV region that have urgent need for early warnings of storm surge and coastal inundation; 3. Prioritizing activities to improve early warning for storm surge and coastal inundation in the identified countries; 4. Enabling the development of new operational capacity, specialized training, effective outreach and mitigation, by leveraging existing efforts under the WMO RAV working structure, such as the joint WMO Tropical Cyclone Division and Marine Meteorology and Oceanography Division Training Workshops, and output from the CIFPD capacity development activities; 5. Engaging with the broader TCC activities where relevant, to enable other severe weather and disaster risk reduction activities connected throughout the RAV region, and thereby creating a more complete implementation of disaster risk reduction activities. 6. Terms of Reference for the Task Team on Severe Weather Forecast and Disaster Risk Reduction, including Data-processing and Forecasting System (TT-SWFD/DPFS) The TCC proposed TORs for TT-SWFD/DPFS which were approved by RA-V: The Task Team for Severe Weather Forecasting, including Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (TT-SWFD/DPFS) is responsible for:

33 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p Promoting the development of severe weather forecasting activities in RA V, such as the WMO Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project (SWFDP); 2. Encouraging the prioritization of activities to improve early warning for severe weather in LDCs and SIDS of RA V; 3. Engaging with the broader TCC activities and Working Groups of RA V, to enable other severe weather forecasting and disaster risk reduction activities to be connected throughout the region. This includes taking into account the results of discussions/recommendation from the meetings of the Regional Sub-project Management Team of the Severe Weather Forecasting and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project (RSMT-SWFDDP). Note; In practice however, rather than a separate TT, the RSMT for the SWFDDP continues to be the focal point for arrangements for provision of outcomes. 7. Activities of the Working Group Back-to-back meetings of the RSMT SWFDDP and the TCC were held from 27 August 2 September 2016 and again from 27 to 28 July The SWFDDP continues to be the most active area of work of the committee, while the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean remains the committee s most significant responsibility. Regarding the SWFDDP, there have been some achievements against the criteria to transition the project to operational status but at present it remains in phase 3 (evaluation of demonstration). The following sections summarise the SWFDDP, meetings of the RSMT and TCC along with key discussion points and recommendations, and training activities. 8. Severe Weather Forecasting and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project (SWFDDP) 8.1 SWFDDP Overview Following decision by the World Meteorological Congress during its fifteenth session (Cg-XV) in 2007, the development planning of Severe Weather Forecasting and DRR Demonstration Project (SWFDDP) in RA V was initiated in 2009 with participation of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in South Pacific focusing mainly on heavy rain, strong winds and damaging waves. For SWFDDP s Cascading Forecasting Process, the contributing global and regional Centres are: Australian BoM, ECMWF and NCEP/NOAA, RSMC Wellington (lead regional Centre) and RSMC Nadi (for tropical cyclone forecast support). SWFDDP-South Pacific is managed by a Regional Subproject Management Team (RSMT) which is mainly composed of designated representatives of NMHSs of participating SIDS and contributing global and regional centres. The first meeting of RSMT was held in Wellington in April, 2009 to develop the regional subproject implementation plan (RSIP). Later, a passwordprotected RSMC Wellington website and web portal was developed for making available the agreed NWP products and satellite information for the subproject. An in-country preparatory training programme was also stated in October 2009 for capacity development of NMHSs in NWP products interpretation and their usage in severe weather forecasting, and in improving delivery of services and warnings for hydrometeorological hazards. The pilot demonstration phase was started in November, 2009 with participation of four SIDS including Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and Samoa. Later, five more SIDS namely: Kiribati, Tuvalu, Tonga, Niue & Cook Islands also joined and full demonstration phase of the subproject was commenced in November, 2010 with participation of nine SIDS in the region. The subproject is in Phase-III (evaluation of demonstration) since October The subproject has been developed and implemented with funding support from Canada.

34 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 5 As the lead RSMC for this project, Wellington continues to provide a platform (MetConnect Pacific at for the SWFDDP products. This website also provides helpful background material and links to global centres, other RSMCs and the NMHSs. Twice daily the RSMC staff produces the RSMC Daily Severe Weather Forecasting Guidance Products, referred to as the South Pacific Guidance (SPG) charts. Users of the SWFDDP website, MetConnect Pacific, view the SPG charts on the landing page. The SPG charts continue to be published uninterrupted on MetConnect Pacific (MCP) twice a day around 0300 UTC and 1500 UTC. 8.2 SWFDDP Project Evaluation Criteria The following is recommendation 6.7 made at the meeting of the RSMT for the SWFDDP for the South Pacific, Nadi, Fiji, August 2013: 6.7 The RSMT agreed on a set of criteria must be followed before the SWFDDP can be considered in Phase IV (refer to section 4). These criteria are: 1. An appropriate non TC warning system has been implemented in all participating countries and is operating smoothly. 2. All participating countries are verifying severe weather and wave forecasts & warnings using the tool provided during the in country training or an equivalent tool. 3. All participating countries, in collaboration with their DMCPAs, produce at least one case study per year, using the SWFDDP template or an equivalent template (first one due by 30 June 2014). 4. Demonstrate on a continual basis that the relationships between NMHSs and other Disaster Management and Civil Protection Authorities (DMCPAs), the media and the public are strong and healthy, with regular communications before, during and after severe weather events. 5. All participating countries to complete all SWFDDP progress reports in full before the deadlines prescribed. 9. RSMT SWFDDP Meeting, August 2016 The Regional Sub-project Management Team (RSMT) of the Severe Weather Forecasting and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project (SWFDDP) met August 2016 in Honiara, Solomon Islands, immediately before the TCC meeting. Key objectives were; a) Review compliance with criteria established by the RSMT in 2013 (see section 8.2 above) to inform a decision to move the Project to the operational phase (Phase 4). b) Address the issue of sustainability of the project, in particular, to identify a regional entity that will be responsible for the Management of the SWFDDP 9.1 RSMT Meeting Conclusions and Recommendations 1. The meeting unanimously agreed that the SWFDDP is making a difference in the region and that the website MetConnect Pacific is an excellent tool for the forecasters in providing severe weather forecasts and warnings. 2. Recognizing the need for a better way to capture the on-going work of participating NMHSs, it was recommended that there be a more frequent exchange between the participating NMHSs and RSMC Wellington. The RSMT recommended trialing a monthly exchange (this may be in the form of tele/video-conference) and requested WMO/US NOAA NWS to facilitate its implementation. This would be supplementary to the current six-monthly reporting.

35 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p The meeting recommended that: SPREP be the regional entity responsible for the Management of the project and that the Secretary-General of WMO and SPREP explore funding a position within SPREP to assist with this Management responsibility. 4. The meeting recommended that WMO undertake a full and independent review of the SWFDDP in the South Pacific in order to truly evaluate the progress of the Project. 5. The meeting decided that, pending the implementation of Recommendation 3 and 4 above, and for the participating NMHSs fulfilling the criteria set at the RSMT in Nadi, August 2013 (see section 8.2 above), the SWFDDP will maintain the status quo and continue with the Demonstration Phase (Phase 3). 6. The Regional Subproject Implementation Plan (RSIP) will be reviewed by the chair. 7. Recognizing the threat posed by storm surge and sea inundation to countries in the Region, the meeting recommended actions be taken to enhance storm surge forecasting capability and to address sea inundation issues through research and enhanced modelling (including swell, wave period, storm surge, tide and bathymetry across the region). 8. The meeting agreed that the next RSMT meeting should be run back-to-back with the TCC. 10. RSMT SWFDDP Meeting, July 2018 The Regional Sub-project Management Team (RSMT) of the Severe Weather Forecasting and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project (SWFDDP) met July 2018 in Noumea, New Caledonia, immediately after the TCC meeting 10.1 RSMT Meeting Conclusions and Recommendations 1. The meeting noted the ongoing excellent outcome being achieve through the delivery of the project through the South Pacific and thanked new Zealand for its ongoing commitment to the operational delivery of guidance material through MetConnect 2. The meeting recommended that a regional entity such as SPREP assume responsibility for the Management of the project and requested that the issue be discussed at the upcoming RA V Meeting in Tonga in October. 3. The meeting agreed that subject to the completion of an independent review of the SWFDDP that the project would continue in the demonstration phase 4. The number of silent upper-air stations in the Region was noted by the meeting as a cause of major concerns and needed to be addressed through a number of channels to discover additional funding sources. 11. TCC Meeting, 29 August 2 September 2016 The TCC met 29 August 2 September 2016 in Honiara, Solomon Islands. The session was attended by 35 participants, including 24 from the Committee s member States and 11 participants from regional and international organizations, Mr David Goutx, the Chair of the RA I TCC as ex-officio member, and Mr John Fenwick, the Chair of the RA V WG on Hydrology. Important items the meeting addressed included; a review and update of the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean and establishment of TORs for the two Task Teams under the TCC TCC Meeting: Key Issues Discussed and Recommendations Intensity forecasting and Dvorak technique

36 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 7 Following the report of the Chair, the meeting noted that two Category 5 Cyclones made landfall in the preceding seasons (Pam and Winston). Given that these 2 systems were at the higher end of the Category and there are predictions that more intense cyclones could be experienced in the future, questions were raised by member countries whether it was necessary to revise the category system to include a Category 6 for TC intensity numbering. Noting the challenges in dealing with extra-ordinary strong tropical cyclones, the meeting requested for a comprehensive study on the various mechanisms involved in cyclogenesis and on high intensity tropical cyclones where Dvorak techniques are challenged to be carried out. It was recommended that this would be best carried out by the research community with close collaboration with operational meteorologists in the region Storm Surge Forecasting The meeting noted that experiences in Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu have stressed the need for storm surge to be considered with tropical cyclone warnings. Recognizing the ongoing CIFDPF and SWFDDP efforts, the meeting recommended that given the urgency and need for a storm surge forecasting solution, options are explored such as that developed in RA I for SW Indian Ocean. Further, the committee urged WMO and partner agencies on behalf of the countries to pursue opportunities to obtain higher resolution bathymetric data as a basis for delivery of storm surge waning services RSMC Nadi Issues and Actions Raised Following RSMC Nadi s report to the TCC, critical issues raised and requiring urgent actions include; the need for NMSs in the Southwest Pacific to upgrade their own synoptic observations network to required standards to support regional routine and severe weather forecasting needs; urgent training workshops for forecasters on media skills; NMSs to engage in open dialogue as well as provide feedback to RSMC Nadi on operational matters during cyclone events; Capacity development in SIDs through short attachments of personnel or formal exchange of skills/tools between SIDs and our developed counterparts, WMO to develop competency standards for Tropical Cyclones and also the need for active engagement in the area of Tropical Cyclone genesis and how it responds to its environment noting the well-established El-Niño season which occurred in the 2015/16 season RIMES Initiatives PNG reported that Preliminary Assessment has been completed by RIMES for establishment of country s multi-hazard early warning centre and the RIMES Sub Regional Hub for the Pacific in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. This is consistent with RIMES overarching goal for delivery of RIMES programs, products, and services through its Sub Regional Mechanism, RIMES Sub- Regional Centre for the Pacific is being established in Papua New Guinea and shall cater for different needs and demands of RIMES Member States in the Pacific Region for provision of early warning services for enhanced disaster preparedness, response to, and mitigation of natural hazards.

37 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p Tropical Cyclone Forecaster Competencies Recognising the importance of developing competencies for tropical cyclone forecasters, the committee agreed to establish a working group comprising Mr Joe Courtney (BoM) and representatives from Tonga, Fiji and USA to undertake further work on the draft competencies considered at previous meetings. The committee noted that the draft RAV competencies are being considered by other regions and agencies as part of a process to develop internationally agreed competencies for WMO. The committee noted the need for training to ensure optimal utilization of TC Module across the Region. The committee agreed that they suggest to RA V management Group that the TCC WG on cyclone competencies be upgraded to TT status to provide added profile and focus on achieving progress towards adoption Frequency of TCC Meetings The committee discussed the frequency of the TCC meetings and felt that there would be considerable advantages in meeting annually as is the case with equivalent meetings in northern hemisphere basins. Whilst the Operational Plan would not require review annually workshop activities around impact forecasting for example as well as discussions of projects operating in the region, would be of great benefit to Members. 12. Significant Tropical Cyclones 2014/15 and 2015/16 Seasons Reports from Members highlighted the following significant Tropical Cyclones; Pam (category 5) was the most intense of the 2014/15 season, made landfall in Vanuatu, and caused some fatalities and damage of $USD360 million (ref). Marcia (category 5) also in the 2014/15 season made landfall in Queensland with damage in excess of $USD590 million (ref). Raquel formed on 30 June 2015 and was the first TC to exist in July in the South Pacific on record, attributed to the 2014/15 season. Winston (category 5) in the 2015/16 season was the most intense TC on record in the Southern Hemisphere. It made landfall in Fiji resulting in 44 fatalities (around two thirds of which were the result of storm surge) and damage of $USD1.4 billion (ref). 13. TCC Meeting, July 2018 The TCC met in Noumea, New Caledonia from July and was attended by 21 representatives from Members across RA V, staff from the WMO Secretariat as well invited representatives from CBS, China, Japan, IFRC, UNESCAP and SPC. During the meeting several updates were made to the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and the South-East Indian Ocean is available for download via the WMO TCP Operational Plans page (WMO-1181/TCP-24) 13.1 Issues discussed and Recommendations Storm Surge Forecasting JMA have installed a storm surge model in the RSMC Nadi and trials of the system were conducted during the 2017/18 cyclone season. The system is operating over a number of small domains encompassing all of the islands in the South Pacific and will be further tested during the 2018/19 season with a view to commencing an operational services in the following season. This investment by Japan through JMA will provide a significant improvement in the storm surge warning capability in the Region.

38 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p Himawari Request A major enhancement in satellite data for members is the introduction of Himawari Request by JMA where in high impact weather and atmospheric events high resolution satellite data (both in time and space) can be requested from JMA for small targeted domains. This service is being co-ordinated in the Southern Hemisphere through the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Tropical Cyclone Forecaster Competencies Draft tropical cyclone forecaster competencies developed by the WG were agreed for implementation within NHMs across the Region and for the guidance of future training initiatives. The Committee acknowledged that NHMSs would need assistance with the adoption and implementation of these competencies and called on WMO or other organisations to consider what assistance could be provided. 14. Significant Tropical Cyclones 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons Tropical Cyclone Gita was the most significant cyclone to occur in the previous 2 seasons. Gita began as a tropical low to the east of Vanuatu and then took a most unusual winding track firstly eastwards to impact on Samoa and American Samoa and then recurring to head west and reach category 4 intensity before causing widespread damage on Tonga. Gita then tracked to the south of Fiji before recurving and undergoing extra-tropical transition before impacting on New Zealand. Tonga was the country most affected with hundreds of homes and many crops destroyed with damages totaling around TOP$700 million; but there were also significant damages on Samoa, American Samoa, southern Fiji Islands and New Zealand where a state of emergency was declared in the wake of the system. Donna (category 5) was the strongest off-season TC in the Southern Hemisphere in May, which affected the Solomon Islands (where 2 fatalities were recorded), Vanuatu and New Caledonia (ref). Debbie (category 4) made landfall in Queensland in March 2017 causing damage of $USD1.85 billion and resulting in 14 deaths making it the deadliest cyclone to hit Australia since Tracy in 1974 (ref). Tropical cyclone Cempaka formed south of Java in late November 2017 and while the centre of the cyclone remained over water storm force winds, severe swells and heavy rainfall impacted much of Java killing 19 people 15. Training Activities 15.1 SWFDDP Training SWFDDP in-country training took place in 2015, funded by the Government of Canada and administered through WMO. Rick Jones (WMO consultant) provided training in Samoa, while the Meteorological Service of New Zealand (MetService) provided meteorological trainers (Lisa Murray, Vive Biukoto and Leigh Matheson) to six Pacific islands (Fiji, Kiribati, Tonga, Tuvalu, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu). All the training courses were supported by a trainer from the UK Met Office. Niue and Cook Islands did not receive training due to logistical reasons Southern Hemisphere Training Course on Tropical Cyclones The Southern Hemisphere Training Course on Tropical Cyclones and Workshop on Public Weather Services is held bi-annually. The 11 th session of this course took place from 5-16 October 2015 in Melbourne, Australia, and the 12 th session from September 2017 was held in Nadi, Fiji, facilitated by Joe Courtney and David Grant, both from the Bureau of Meteorology, Australia.

39 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones The International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC) is held every four years, and last took place from 2-10 December 2014 in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Whilst not specific to RA V, promotion and support of the event falls under the TCC Operating Plan. The next IWTC will take place in December Training in Satellite Meteorology The Melbourne Centre of Excellence has been running regular monthly Virtual Lab sessions this year, and in previous years. The sessions are called the Regional Focus Group, and cover many aspects of satellite meteorology. A recent focus has been on the new Himawari-8 RGB imagery. For a list of events and recordings, see the Melbourne VLab CoE website here;

40 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 11 WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES (WG-HYS) JOHN FENWICK NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH NEW ZEALAND 1. INTRODUCTION The previous Working Group completed little of its Work Plan due to key members retiring or having their employment direction changed. After some discussion and delay due to a small number of nominations for Task Teams, the Working Group was re-established during A meeting was held in late 2015 which was successful in setting a new Work Plan. 2. WORKING GROUP STRUCTURE The Working Group is composed of one lead, two vice-leads, Task Team on Training and Capacity Building in Hydrology (TT-TCB-H); Task Team of Hydrology Database Management (TT-HDM); Task Team on Disaster Risk Reduction Water-related Disasters (TT-DRR-W); and Task Team on Water and Climate (TT-WC). Each TT consists of one leader and several experts. 3. TERMS OF REFERENCE The terms of reference of the Working Group on Hydrological Services (WG-HYS) are as follows: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) To monitor, promote and develop strategies and activities that will enhance the capabilities of RA V Members to improve the quality of hydrological services and to deliver and improve access to these services, with an emphasis on improved observation and monitoring systems, and on training and capacity building; To coordinate with relevant WMO bodies, particularly the Commission for Hydrology (CHy), and other groups to enable improved forecasting capabilities, including the provision of more accurate, timely and reliable forecasts and warnings and enhanced delivery of related information and services; To assist RA V Members to apply a quality management approach that will enable and support the sustainability of hydrological services; To provide hydrological advice and guidance to RA V Members regarding the development of the new WMO programme for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Member Island Territories; To establish and coordinate task teams, as required, complete specific activities related to the objectives, priority areas and planned deliverables of the Working Group; To report and provide advice to the RA V Management Group on the above issues.

41 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p MEMBERSHIP WG-HYS Name Country Lead Mr John FENWICK New Zealand Vice-Leads Dr SUPRAPTO Indonesia Mr Roy A. BADILLA Philippines Task Team on Training and Capacity Building in Hydrology (TT-TCB-H) TT Leader Mr Petrus SYARIMAN Indonesia Mr PAAT Philippines Expert Mr Taaniela KULA Tonga Mr Lameko ASORA Samoa TT Leader Ms Margaret BAUTISTA Philippines Task Team of Hydrology Database Management (TT- HDM) Expert Mr Roddy HENDERSON Dr Eka NUGRAHA ABDI Mr Taaniela KULA New Zealand Indonesia Tonga Mr Andre Siohane Niue TT Leader Mr Jeff PERKINS Australia Task Team on Disaster Risk Reduction Water- related Disasters (TT-DRR-W) Expert Dr Christian ZAMMIT New Zealand Dr William Marcus PUTUHENA Indonesia Mr Taaniela KULA Tonga Mr Ofa FA ANUNU Tonga TT Leader Dr Christian ZAMMIT New Zealand Dr Fransisca MULYANTARI Indonesia Task Team on Water and Climate (TT-WC) Expert Dr Erwin E. S. MAKMUR Mr Taaniela KULA Indonesia Tonga Mr Mafutaga LEIOFI Samoa Mrs Rosslznn Mitiepo Niue 5. Activities of the Working Group A meeting was held in Brisbane during 9-13 November It was attended by 10 members of the group, as well as by Dr Harry Lins, the President of the Commission for Hydrology, Mr Claudio Caponi from the Secretariat, Mr Peter Sinclair from SPC and in part, by several staff members of the host agency, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.

42 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 13 Noting the main decisions of interest to RA V from CHy-14, Cg-17, EC-67, and RAV-16, the Group developed the terms of reference for its four Task Teams. It also took into account the priorities identified by the Regional Forum of Directors of NMHSs in RA in the area of hydrology were related to disaster risk reduction, development of QMSs and capacity building. Noting also that the activities related to promoting a quality management approach in hydrology were of a cross-cutting nature and did not fit exactly under any of the Task Team titles, the Group agreed to modify the title and scope of the Task Team on Hydrology Database Management to give it the added responsibility of promoting the adoption of a Quality Management Framework - Hydrology in the Region. The Group discussed and compiled the work plan of the four Task Teams. The main points of the work plan, as established at the meeting, are: Implementation of FFGS and/or other appropriate tools such as coupling Himawari-8 in Region V. Provision of reports and web portal information on regional applications; IFAS, TopNet, IFFRM, Delft-FEWS etc. Propose strengthened, or establishment of, early warning systems for floods in Members of RA V. Promote development of hydrological products for inputs to end-to-end multi-disaster warning systems - Pac-HYCOS2, CIFDP. Promote regular discussions between NMSs and NHSs through a community of practice web portal. Strengthen or develop national joint programmes between NMSs, NHSs and NDMOs on public awareness and education on floods that is inclusive of women, girls, youth, children, disabled people, and vulnerable communities. Develop and help implement water sector products (climate outlooks, EHP material, workshops, etc.,) as part of GFCS and IDMP. Review and report on appropriate database systems for small countries/agencies. Assist in development of seasonal prediction products for water management purposes. Develop concept notes for Pac-HYCOS2, SEA-HYCOS and promote. Communicate via web portal and IWRM platforms. Support staff from Pacific Island Countries NHSs to post-graduate degrees in hydrology and courses based on QMF and WMO No. 1003, and investigate distance learning options for capacity building. The Group recommended that a follow-up meeting be held before the end of the intersessional period, in late 2017 or early Tonga expressed interest in hosting such a meeting. The Chair was tasked to address all RA V Members to promote the nomination of experts in the different Open Panels of CHy Experts (OPACHEs). The Group thanked the Queensland Regional Office of the BoM for their warm hospitality throughout the meeting.

43 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p Progress on Work Plan tasks An on-line forum (web portal) has been established with the assistance of the Secretariat. Information on several topics has been posted and it has been promoted to WG-HYS members by . Further information for a community of practice and other information is in preparation by TT leaders. A concept note for a Pacific-HYCOS Phase 2 was drafted (in conjunction with SPC) and sent in April 2016 to the Secretariat for appraisal. It was presented to Pacific Island Met Service directors at the TCC meeting in Honiara in August Feedback was positive and useful, and they looked forward to the securing of donor funding. Discussion with key Secretariat staff has continued and there was agreement that the concept of identifying the information products required by countries, and the associated actions required to provide them, was a key concept. The Secretariat commented that this was the way that they perceived the development of future HYCOS projects. The Secretariat (Development and Regional Activities section) is currently looking to incorporate it into larger programmes in the region. A concept proposal for providing appropriate hydrological database software to NHSs in small and developing countries has been submitted to the Secretariat for comment, but it has been awaiting the commencement of activities of the Global Hydrometry Support Facility (GHSF). An assessment of the currently used and freely available hydrometric database software products is underway. A case study on ISO 9001 QMS from the region was compiled and provided to the C-Hy Task Team on QMS. [Fenwick, J., (2016). Case Study Development of a Quality Management System for the Hydrological Service of the National Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (New Zealand) (ISO certified)]. Assistance was provided to the CHy Task Team on QMS with review of QMS Checklist and Questionnaire reports. Assistance was provided to the Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project by recruiting a new OPACHE member to serve as an expert representative for WMO on two proposed projects in the region (Fiji and Indonesia). Dr Graeme Smart has attended three project meetings, two as an alternate to the co-chair of the Project Steering Group. This group is also looking at flood forecasting tools that may be suitable for the region. The WMO/IGRAC workshop Advancing Groundwater Monitoring in Small Island Developing States in the Pacific was held in Suva in the last week of August A distance learning course, specifically designed for the training needs of Pacific Island hydrology field technicians, has been compiled jointly by COMET, the Secretariat and NIWA (New Zealand s NHS). The 10-week course started on 22 May 2017 and was run from the COMET web site with student guidance and assessment provided by NIWA staff. Contributions were made to a number of CHy Working Groups and Task Teams including HydroSOS, the CHy AWG, the CIFDP projects in the region, the Flood Forecasting Community of Practice Task Team and the HydroHub Innovation Committee.

44 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p WMO GLOBAL HYDROLOGICAL STATUS AND OUTLOOK (HYDROSOS) PROJECT This is a joint project of WMO Hydrology and Water Resources Branch, the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is still in the initial planning stages. The project aims to fulfil the need for an operational global system capable of assessing the current status of surface water and groundwater systems and for predicting how they will change in the coming weeks and months. Every month, the worldwide operational system will report on: the current global hydrological status including groundwater, river flow and soil moisture an appraisal of where the current status is significantly different from normal, for example indicating drought and flood situations. an assessment of whether this is likely to get better or worse over coming weeks and months. Pilot projects are planned for RA I (Lake Victoria region) and RA II (Bangladesh) It is relevant to all countries in RA V and should provide impetus to encourage countries to have near real time hydrological data available for input to the models in order to receive relevant and useful predictions and outlooks. 8. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE STRUCTURE OF THE WG-HYS It is suggested that we simplify the Task Team structure into two Expert Groups, based on Measuring, Monitoring and Infosystems, and Hydrological Applications. The above graphic and the idea follows that of RA II. The concept is also based on the proposed splitting on Technical Commissions into two similar divisions. While this proposed split is not necessarily ideal for Hydrology within WMO overall, I do think the division is appropriate for Working Groups in Hydro.

45 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 16 WORKING GROUP ON WEATHER SERVICES (WG-WXS) RAYMOND TANABE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1. Introduction The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction ( ) and the four priorities for action, including understanding disaster risk, strengthening disaster risk governance, investing in disaster risk, and enhancing preparedness will clearly require continuing development of an emerging skillset. This skillset includes impact (as opposed to criteria or threshold) based forecasting and decision support, a deep understanding of community vulnerability and resiliency, quick adoption of new technology, and integration of social science. Significant changes in aviation are on the horizon and the subsequent challenges for NMHS s will be compliance with new WMO aviation qualification standards, cost recovery mechanisms for the provision of aviation services, and the need for long term strategic planning. 2. Working Group Structure The Working Group is composed of one leader, two vice-leaders, Task Team on Cost Recovery (TT-CR), Task Team on Quality Management (TT-QM), Task Team on Training, Competencies and Qualifications (TT-TRG), and Task Team on Weather Services Implementation (TT-IMP). Each TT consists of one leader and expert(s) except TT-CR which does not have experts. 3. Terms of Reference The terms of reference of the Working Group on Weather Services (WG-WXS) are as follows: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) To monitor, promote and develop strategies to enhance the capabilities of RA V Members to deliver and improve access to weather services, with an focus on sustainable aviation weather services; To coordinate with WMO, the International Civil Aviation Organization and other key organizations to assist with the implementation of an improved and sustainable weather and warning service; To identify and evaluate international best practices on the delivery of weather and warning services and communicate these to RA V Members; To establish and coordinate its Task Teams, as necessary, to complete specific tasks related to the objectives and priority areas of the Working Group; and To report and provide advice to the RA V Management Group on the above issues;

46 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p Membership WG-WXS Name Country Lead Mr Raymond TANABE USA Vice-Lead Dr Landrico Ureta DALIDA Jr. Mr Grahame READER Philippines Australia Task Team on Cost Recovery (TT-CR) Task Team on Quality Management (TT-QM) Task Team on Training, Competencies and Qualifications (TT-TRG) Task Team on Weather Services Implementation (TT-IMP) TT Leader Mr Ofa FA ANUNU Tonga TT Leader Ms Helen TSEROS Australia Expert Mr Lim Ze HUI Malaysia TT Leader Ms Lih Mei LIM Singapore Dr Cynthia P. CELEBRE Philippines Expert Mr Amit Singh Fiji TT Leader Dr Mohd Hisham MOHD ANIP Malaysia Expert Mr M. PRABOWO Indonesia 5. Activities of the Working Group The WMO Guide to the Implementation of a Quality Management System for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (WMO No. 1100) was released in 2017 and made available through the WMO E-Library in early This update, undertaken by Bryan Boase and Helen Tseros of the Bureau of Meteorology, provides updated guidance to the development and implementation of a quality management system within a ISO 9001:2015 framework. WG-WXS and the Pacific Islands Aviation Weather Services (PIAWS) Panel members at Pacific Meteorological Council Meetings noted new training and certification would be needed for QMS Lead Auditors in the RA-V region who were previously certified under the previous ISO 9001 standards. To date there are three RA-V members, Australia, New Zealand, and Malaysia, have achieved certification of compliance to ISO 9001:2015. A proposal to conduct a training workshop for WMO Quality Management practitioners on the transition to the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Standard has been made to PMC-4. PAGASA Weather Division was awarded ISO 9001:2008 Certification in 2015 with yearly follow up audits in 2016 and Last June 1, 2018, PAGASA Weather Division started migrating to ISO QMS and expanded its scope to include the WMO Regional Training Center (RTC) regular activities. The internal audit had been conducted and the Stage 2 Certification Audit is scheduled for October 10-11, On March 6-7, 2018, Philippines, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Japan participated in a Joint Meeting on Coordination Procedure for Collaborative SIGMET Issuance and Signing of the Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) in Tokyo, Japan. This meeting was facilitated and partly funded by JMA. A representative of the International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO) Asia and Pacific Office was also present in the meeting. The Joint Meeting cum Signing Ceremony marks the culminating activity of the Collaborative SIGMET Issuance

47 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 18 Demonstration Project which started in The purpose of the project was to develop a coordination procedure incorporating a web platform for information sharing, coordination and verification of its effectiveness through several fixed-term demonstrations. Finally, this Director-General meeting composed a Joint Statement on the operationalization of the cooperation scheme on collaborative SIGMET Issuance which commenced on 09 April 2018 for harmonized and seamless en-route aviation weather services in the region. Of recent significance is the completion of Feasibility study for a Pacific based WMO Regional Training Center report, authored by Dr. Geoff Love, Dr. Maria Mamaeva, and Mr. Jeff Wilson. This study was supported by UNDP through the Disaster Resilience in the Pacific Project (RESPAC). This first report from the study team uses results from visits to 13 of the 15 NMHSs and the survey completed by 14 of the countries during June 2018 to examine the feasibility of a Pacific based WMO Regional Training Centre. One of the conclusions was the believe there is enough potential capacity to support a BIP-MT certification program in the region and not enough potential students for a BIP-M program. The initial report has been distributed for comments and should be a topic of discussion at the upcoming WMO RA-V-17 and RECO being held in Tonga The US/NOAA supported Pacific International Training Desk (PITD) training is aligned with portions of the BIP-M standards however is not an accredited course. The PITD is currently developing a proposal to create a pathway from successful completion of PITD Levels 1 and 2, BIP-M bridge courses, and eventual BIP-M Pacific Certification. The final portion of the certification process would take advantage of existing training partner and academic institutions in the region using online and face to face coursework. Two versions of this proposal were presented at the recent Pacific Islands Education, Training, and Research Panel meeting in Fiji (August 2018) and will be presented at the RA-V-17. Met Malaysia is providing assistance to Brunei in the implementation of their competency assessment for AMO and AMF. Met Malaysia first implemented their competency assessment for AMO and AMF in More detailed activities in line with the Operating Plan are available in the Annex. 6. Working Group Meeting The WG-WXS met on August 11, 2017 in Honiara, Solomon Islands, preceding the Fourth Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC-4) and Second Pacific Ministerial Meeting on Meteorology (PMMM-2). This meeting focused on strategic alignment of the WG-WXS and the PMC PIAWS Panel. One challenge to implementing a QMS is that auditors ae required to upgrade their knowledge and skills to be able to conduct effective audits against the new ISO 9001:2015 Standard. WG-WXS also discussed organizing training in communications, impact based forecasting, and early warning in 2018 followed by training for media presentations in Both were highlighted in the WG-WXS work plan. No suitable dates were identified for the 2018 training and 2019 dates will be discussed during RA-V-17 for a consolidated training opportunity in Conclusion In similar fashion to other WGs, WG-WXS faces many challenges to develop momentum among the Task Teams. Establishing key partnerships with other bodies such as PMC and PIAWS will enable strategic alignment of goals. These alignments will reduce duplication and help to ensure the success of all involved.

48 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 19 The WMO RA V Regional Office conducted an online survey of Members to identify urgent challenges and priorities of Members. Responding Members (18 out of 23) were asked rate the most pressing challenges from a list of 16 pre-defined categories. The results of this survey, along with Forecast and EWS being rated as the highest weighted priority area suggest more emphasis should be placed on these areas in the next WG-WXS Work Plan and shall be discussed during the upcoming RECO-7 and RA-V-17.

49 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 20 ANNEX 1.1.1a Enhanced timely and accurate weather forecast / warning for aviation. Regional events to raise awareness of and improve understanding of ICAO-WMO requirements among NMHSs and various agents of aviation sectors in the Pacific region on aviation meteorological services. PMC PIAWS Panel Meetings o 25 November 2015 (Nadi, Fiji) Developed ToR o 27 May 2016 (Nadi, Fiji) Raise awareness of importance and requirements to provide meteorological services for air navigation o 2 September 2016 (Honiara, Solomon Islands) Identify priority actions Regional training course on ISO 9001:2015 QMS and AMS o May 2016 (Nadi, Fiji) Funded by JICA o 17 Participants from 10 PICTs Regional training course on basic instruction package for Meteorological Technicians (BIP- MT) o 24 April 29 June 2017 Funded by JICA o 15 Participants from 8 PICTs In-country training for Kiribati Meteorological Service staff o May 2017 Supported by Fiji Airways, JICA, Fiji Met Service, WMO, JICA o QMS and assistance in developing exposition document for CAR Part 174 In-country training and competency assessment for Kiribati Meteorological Service AMOs o March Cassidy Airport, Kiritimati Island o Bonriki Airport, Tarawa In-country training for Cook Islands Meteorological Service AMOs o Supported by Fiji Met Service and JICA o AMO requirements Pacific Meteorological Council Meetings ICAO MET SG/21 o 29 May to 01 June Bangkok, Thailand ICAO 21 st Meeting of Meteorology Subgroup (MET/21) of the Asia-Pacific Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Group (APANPIRG) o 29 May-1 June Bangkok, Thailand The Twenty-seventh Meeting of the Asia Pacific Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Group (APANPIRG/27) was held in the ICAO APAC Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand, from 5-8 September Assist to develop national and inter-agency formal agreements for aviation weather services among NMHSs, Fiji Meteorological Services / RSMC-Nadi and other NMHSs in the Pacific Islands. Joint Meeting on Coordination Procedure for Collaborative SIGMET Issuance and Signing of the Memorandum of Cooperation. o 6-7 March 2018 Tokyo, Japan Support/promote projects for Installing equipment including hardware and software for verification of TAF in NMHSs of Pacific Islands (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Vanuatu). AWS installed in Niue funded by FINPAC Software available from BoM and USA. Will try to test software with a small group of airports which have TAFs and reliable observations.

50 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 21 Assist in resolving Asia/Pacific deficiencies as identified by ICAO in the area of SIGMET, especially in the Pacific Islands (Cook Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, Solomon, Islands, and Tonga). According to Ms Alicia Tuppack (Australia-BoM), Most Pacific countries have not had ICAO audit done since Met Authority has to find resources for audit and not Met Service. PIMS requests an external audit for countries. CAA is responsible for finding auditor as stated by ICAO. If gaps are found in Met Service then ICAO can provide funding to the country. As reported by Solomon Islands Meteorological Service, only CAA has access to database which shows corrective actions. CAA needs to provide data to Met Authority. CAA and Met Service audit on Annex 3 conducted two years ago. CAAF in Fiji has already audited Fiji Met Service on Annex 3. Lack of available experts to conduct Annex 3 audits Compliance with Annex 3 o What services provided in each country and how they should be provided. CAA responsible for regulating Annexes. Last Annex 3 update was July 2016 and it was effective on November 2016 (Changes to QMS): countries demonstrated QMS and it should be audited. PMC-4 noted the definition of and procedure for resolution of ICAO Asia/Pacific Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Work Group (APANIRG) air navigation deficiencies especially in the field of aeronautical meteorology and the importance of close coordination between PMC and ICAO in order to effectively facilitate the resolution of deficiencies in the PICTs. Assist to harmonize or align legislations or equivalents of NMHSs and Civil Aviation Authorities or equivalents to meet ICAO-WMO requirements. Example relating to CAR Part 174 o NMHSs to liaise with their national CAA counterparts as part of process to allow for compliance and recognise the QMS of NMHSs o Director of NMHSs also to have a title Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or be designated under the CAR Part 174 o Director of NMHSs to appoint a Quality Manager or Quality assurance Manager who will have responsibility and report on matters related to QMS including the CAR Part 174 and Aviation Meteorological Services Chair of PIAWS Panel provided a presentation to the Pacific Ministerial Meeting on Meteorology on the importance of meteorology to Aviation Safety b Implemented QMS for aviation meteorological service providers. Encourage Members to use the QM resources and guidance tools already provided to develop and implement a QMS (WMO webpage & forum, WMO Step by Step Guide 1100 and other appropriate WMO/ICAO publications. Countries in various stages of QMS. There is a BoM proposal for a training programme in ISO 9001:2015 and to assist WMO member countries on achieving certification. Agenda to include proposal to provide support to countries on ISO 9001:2015 training Pacific Meteorological Desk and Partnership website Encourage Twinning' or mentoring Members on QMS processes and audits Background 2012 QM Internal Auditor Training Workshop in Vanuatu produced 21 qualified Internal QM Auditors from 10 SW Pacific NMHSs Followed up with practical hands-on training performing internal audits at selected BoM Australia offices.

51 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 22 Final training and certification of Lead Auditors Fiji 2014 Promote and assist where possible Pacific Islands Meteorological Authorities, NMHS and Civil Aviation Authorities to enhance QMS for aviation meteorological services CAeM survey for WMO Region V indicated 14 of 21 WMO Members had achieved certification of compliance or were in conformity with ISO 9001 o Less than 50% certified by external third party certification 2017 PIAWS Panel survey indicated 4 of 12 Members who responded had achieved certification of compliance or were in conformity with ISO 9001 o 2 Members certified by external third party certification. o 1 Member achieved certification of compliance to ISO 9001:2015 Challenges of implementing QMS o Exacerbated by upgrade to new ISO 9001:2015 o Auditors also required to upgrade their knowledge and skills WMO 1100: Guide to the Implementation of Quality Management Systems for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and other relevant service providers within an ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Framework-2017 Edition o Released Sep 2017 o Provides updated guidance to higher ISO Standards 1.1.1c Implemented cost recovery for aviation meteorological service providers. Conduct a survey on cost recovery for aviation meteorological services in RA V Members. PIAWS Survey 2017 o 12 PMC country responses - Australia, Cook Islands, FSM, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, PNG, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu o 25% of countries have cost recovery mechanism in place WMO Global survey on QMS and competency assessment Develop and provide guidance on cost recovery for aviation meteorological services. PIAWS Panel recommendation for PIAWs to work with ICAO and WMO to develop a uniform cost recovery mode for Pacific Island Countries 1.1.1d Implemented competency assessment for aviation meteorological service providers. Conduct a survey to determine current status of the implementation of competency assessment for AMO and AMF in RA V Members. PIAWS Survey 2017 o 50% of countries have completed competency assessment NMHSs personnel providing services for international air navigation are to comply with the WMO qualifications and training requirements of Aeronautical Meteorological Personnel (AMP) NMHSs are to implement competency assessment methods to meet the ISO 9001: 2015 Standards Develop and provide guidance to assist Members in RA V to implement competency assessment for AMO and AMF Improved coordination of weather services in the Region

52 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 23 Pacific Islands Meteorological Strategy Pacific Roadmap for Strengthened Climate Services SPREP Strategic Plan o Approved by SPREP Members at the 27th SPREP Meeting in 2016 o Since the SPREP Meeting will be held every 2 years SPREP is developing a Performance Implementation Plan and Results Framework for , approved at the 28th SPREP Meeting in September 2017 PMC-4 o WMO briefed the Meeting on their future strategic planning process and how they are working to support regional NMHSs. WMO invited the participation of member states in the member s survey and the importance of their input into the new strategic plan ( ), which will be adopted at the WMO Congress in o WMO informed the Meeting that they are guided broadly by the Sendai Framework and the Paris Agreement, and have established a SIDS program within WMO. WMO noted that the PIMS provides WMO with guidance on its engagement in the region. Organize session of RA V WG/WXS. RA V WG-WXS Intersession meeting. o 11 August 2017 Honiara Solomon Islands Improved communities and other stakeholders safety Engage with stakeholders to develop new products. Completion of verification spread sheets by NHMSs and in-country progress reports for SWFDDP. Discussions between NMHSs and local communities to help them to improve understanding of early warnings for disaster related to weather. Develop weather related hazard/disaster response plans for local communities and economic sectors. FINPAC Project outcomes at the PMC-4 o successful activities carried out under the project in the various NMHSs and communities in the region o recommended NMHSs to support the national IFRC societies and other community mobilizers to ensure strong collaboration developed under FINPAC can continue o recognised that the MoU signed between Solomon Island Red Cross and the Solomon Island Meteorological Service is a great example of sustainability and collaboration to get information to the last mile o recommended NMHSs and their regional partners engage national red cross societies or other NGO's early in program design processes to ensure public weather information can be easily understood and used to inform early actions at the community level o encouraged NMHSs to work closely and strengthen relationships with their National Media (print and broadcasters) to provide wider access to public weather information o recommended that donors and partners continue support to NMHSs and their partners to replicate the community early warning system activities piloted under the FINPAC to other communities.

53 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p Met the AMO and AMF requirements in all existing and new aviation weather observers. Assist Pacific Island Countries NMHSs to conduct competency assessment for AMO and AMF PIAWS Survey indicated 10 of 12 responding countries have either completed or started their competency assessments Fiji Met Service has developed procedure outlining the process for assessing AMP based ib know-tell-do criteria and has shared this process with PMC countries. Training and assessment carried out in Kiritimati Island and Tarawa, Kiribati Provided training by national / regional institutions and improved capacity of NMHSs in communicating weather information including warnings to the communities. Fifth Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction and Multi-Hazard Early Warning System Meeting. o May Cancun, Mexico. National Multi-Hazards Early Warning System with Geospatial Applications for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development. o 10 July 2 August 2017 WMO RTC Citeko, Indonesia WMO Southern Hemisphere Training Workshop on public weather services. The Twelfth Southern Hemisphere Training Course on Tropical Cyclones and Workshop on Public Weather Service o September 2017 Nadi, Fiji Training in communication Target Training in media presentations (interview and writing articles) Target Other related regional meetings/programs. ICG/PTWS-XXVII Session held in Tahiti, French Polynesia, from March th Meeting of the ICG/PTWS Regional Group for the PICTs working group that was held in Honiara from 7-8 August 2017 Pacific Resilience Program (PREP) in Samoa and Tonga o contributes to strengthening early warning and preparedness through the implementation of multi-hazard early warning systems (MHEWS) platforms, procedures and systems in participating PICs to increase resilience to climate change and disasters; the regional approach that it has taken to implement its activities building on existing capacities of participating countries National Weather Services (NWS) and National Disaster Management Offices (NDMOs); and Pacific Hydrological Services Panel proposed within the PMS structure o Developed Interim Terms of Reference and requested that SPREP and WMO liaise with SPC and others to finalise the ToR and facilitate progress on key tasks in consultation with panel membership. USP, IFRC, SPC, Samoa, NZ, PNG, New Caledonia (after consultation with water division), and Fiji are the initial members of the Panel and enrolment will be left open ended for further membership, noting the need for a balance of NMHS and Hydrology members. Pacific Island Marine and Ocean Services (PIMOS) Panel

54 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 25 o o PMC to task the PIMOS Panel to draft an implementation plan, consistent with the WMO RA V implementation plan and other relevant plans, to assist with the development of marine weather and oceans services capacity of the regions' NMHSs, to assist NMHSs meet their obligations under SOLAS and to achieve the goals of PIMS PKO-2 and WMO Marine Meteorology goals for PMC endorsement PMC to task the PIMOS Panel to develop a project proposal to assist with the development of marine weather and oceans services capacity of the regions' NMHSs, to assist NMHSs meet their obligations under SOLAS and to achieve the goals of PIMS PKO-2 for PMC endorsement. NMHSs interested in working with the PIMOS Panel to develop a marine and ocean services project proposal are requested to express their willingness to participate in the proposed project(s). Tonga, Samoa, USA, and Vanuatu expressed their willingness.

55 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 26 WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE SERVICES (WG-CLS) FLAVIANA HILARIO PHILIPPINE ATMOSPHERIC GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTRONOMICAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (PAGASA) 1. INTRODUCTION The WMO RA V Working Group on Climate Services (WG-CLS) was established to coordinate the implementation of regional activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in the field of climate services including matters relevant to implementation of the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) in the region. WG-CLS worked on the climate issues specified in the Terms of Reference (TOR) in close cooperation with relevant WMO Technical Commissions including the Commission for Climatology (CCl) and Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM). 2. WORKING GROUP STRUCTURE The Working Group on Climate Services is composed a Lead and two Vice-Lead and five task teams namely Task Team on Climate Services Information including Regional Climate Centres (RCCs) and Regional Climate Outlook Forum (RCOF) (TT-CSIS), Task Team on Climate Data Management/Data Rescue (TT-CDM), Task Team on Climate Change (TT-CC), Task Team on Use of Improved Tools for Operational Agrometeorology including Coping with Impacts of Natural Disasters on Agriculture (TT-ITA) and Task Team on Agrometeorological Information for Enhancing Farmer Productivity (TT-AIF). Each TT is composed a TT Leader and Expert/s. 3. TERMS OF REFERENCE WMO RA V Working Group on Climate Services (WG-CLS) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) To coordinate observational aspects of climate services including through liaison with the Global Framework for Climate Services, the Global Climate Observing System and the Global Ocean Observing System; To provide advice on methods to strengthen and improve climate system monitoring, analyses and indices; To keep abreast of the activities of the World Climate Services Programme, Commission for Climatology, the World Climate Research Programme and its core research projects, Global Framework for Climate Services, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and other climate-related bodies, to report results of meetings and workshops, and to encourage strong regional involvement in these bodies; To provide advice on and assist in the implementation of various climate information and prediction services in RA V in climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water, renewable energy, urban and building planning, disaster risk reduction, air quality and health; To examine, coordinate, report on and encourage the use of Geographical Information Systems in the provision of climate services;

56 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 27 (f) (g) (h) To provide advice on, assist in identifying and coordinate attendance at climate-related education and training courses/workshops, including information technology and management courses, based on a survey of the training requirements in the Region; To provide further advice and proposals on the role, structure and mechanism of the Regional Climate Centres in the region, and assist in seeking their WMO designation processes; To provide advice and proposals on other important climate-related issues as they develop and evolve; Task Team on Climate Services Information System (TT-CSIS) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are: To provide advice on and assist in the implementation of various climate information and prediction services in RA V, in the various climate-sensitive sectors, including through Regional and National Climate Outlook Forums and Regional Climate Centres; To provide advice on, assist in identifying and coordinate attendance at climaterelated education and training courses/workshops, including information technology and management, based upon a survey of the training requirements in the Region; To provide further advice and proposals on the role, structure and mechanism of the Regional Climate Centres in the region including their designation process; To review and provide advice/guidance on the use of statistical and dynamic climate modeling and downscaling to produce useable regional and national climate forecasts and products; To provide advice and proposals on other important climate-related issues as they develop and evolve; Encourage the collaboration of RA V countries to enhance technical capacities in seasonal prediction; Provide advice to the WG-CLS on the above issues. Within these Terms of Reference, the Task Team will seek to collaborate and align with regional meteorological communications work done in other relevant forums having a common objective. Task Team on Climate Data Management / Data Rescue (TT-CDM) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are: To provide advice on methods and mechanisms, including through the International Data Rescue Portal (I-DARE) and other means in the region to identify the needs in data rescue and related technologies for project design and implementation; Ensure technological watch on the development of new climate data bases and provide advice on their management systems that can be made available to the NMHSs for

57 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 28 their modern archiving of climate data and generating data products and services, based on WMO Climate Data Management specifications and guidelines; Assess the existing methodologies for quality control and homogenization of climate data and provide advice on their suitability for their use in developing high quality climate datasets; To investigate existing best practices and tools for generating climate monitoring products and provide recommendations on their implementation at national and regional level; Assess the region needs in training on climate data management and related applications, such as for producing timely information on weather and climate extremes in support of climate watch and alert systems Within these Terms of Reference, the Task Team will seek to collaborate and align with regional meteorological communications work done in other relevant forums having a common objective. Task Team on Climate Change (TT-CC) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are: To keep abreast of the activities of CCl, IPCC, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and other climate-related bodies, report results of meetings and workshops, and encourage strong regional involvement in these bodies; To provide advice on methods to strengthen and improve climate system monitoring, analyses and indices; Provide advice to the WG-CLS on the above issues. Within these Terms of Reference, the Task Team will seek to collaborate and align with regional meteorological communications work done in other relevant forums having a common objective. Task Team on Use of Improved Tools for Operational Agrometeorology Including Coping with Impact of Natural Disaster on Agriculture (TT-ITA) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are: To analyze and evaluate the use of crop simulation models in the NMHSs and institutions in RA V and suggest the procedures to implement them; To review the studies on agro climatic and agro ecological zonation that make use of GIS and Agro meteorological Information Systems in RA V and determine the best procedures for their implementation throughout the Region; To evaluate and propose appropriate methodologies for the application of remote sensing in agriculture in the Region. To review and evaluate the operational use of seasonal to inter-annual climate forecasts sustainable agriculture in South West Pacific and make recommendations to improve the presentation of the forecasts for the users;

58 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 29 To review reports of climate change scenarios for RA V and catalogue the various agricultural impacts associated with such scenarios; To investigate the drought indices that are commonly used in RA V to evaluate the relation between these indices and the spatial impacts in the agricultural activity; To liaise with the relevant Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Expert Teams and Task Teams as appropriate. Within these Terms of Reference, the Task Team will seek to collaborate and align with regional meteorological communications work done in other relevant forums having a common objective. Task Team on Agrometeorological Information for Enhancing Farming Productivity (TT-AIF) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are: Enhancement of the communication channels for the improved dissemination of agricultural meteorological information; Strengthening information and dissemination networks; To evaluate the different ways of diffusion of agro meteorological information for the different users, obtain feedback from the users and to propose appropriate mechanisms to improve it; To liaise with the relevant Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Expert Teams and Task Teams as appropriate. Within these Terms of Reference, the Task Team will seek to collaborate and align with regional meteorological communications work done in other relevant forums having a common objective.

59 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORKING GROUP The members of the WG-CLS are shown in the table below. The names listed are the present members. There has been changes in the membership since its creation during the RA V-16 Meeting. WG-CLS Name Country Lead Dr Flaviana D. HILARIO (Ms) Philippines Vice-Lead Task Team on Climate Information and Prediction Services including Regional Climate Centres (RCCs) and Regional Climate Outlook Forum (RCOF) (TT-CLIPS) Task Team on Climate Data Management/Data Rescue (TT-CDM) Task Team on Climate Change (TT-CC) Task Team on Use of Improved Tools for Operational Agro-meteorology including Coping with Impacts of Natural Disasters on Agriculture (TT-ITA) Task Team on Agrometeorological Information (TT-AIF) Dr Bertrand TIMBAL Singapore Dr Ardhasena SOPAHELUWAKAN Indonesia TT Leader Mr John MARRA USA Mr Raizan RAHMAT Singapore Expert Mr Simon McGREE Australia TT Leader Ms Meaghan FLANNERY Australia Mrs Seluvaia FINAULAHI Tonga Expert Mr Howard DIAMOND USA TT Leader Dr Fariza YUNUS Malaysia Expert Ms Thelma A. CINCO Philippines TT Leader Dr Andrew TAIT New Zealand Expert Mr Haris SYAHBUDDIN Indonesia TT Leader Ms Edna L. JUANILLO Philippines Expert Mrs Nelly Florida RIAMA Indonesia 5. RELEVANT ACTIVITIES/ACHIEVEMENTS Establishment of Regional Climate Center (RCC) There are 2 RCCs in RA V, the Southeast Asia RCC (SEA RCC) Network and the Pacific RCC (PRCC) which are both in demonstration phase. The SEA RCC Network was first proposed during the WMO RA V 16 th Session held in Jakarta, Indonesia. The SEARCC- Network roadmap is shown below.

60 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 31 The SEA RCC has three nodes, BMKG lead for Data Services, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) lead for Climate Monitoring and Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS) lead for Long-range Forecast. As of now, it is on demonstration phase. The Pacific Regional Climate Centre Network consists of five nodes. Each node is led or co-led by a lead institution(s) together with a consortium of support members (see table below). The RCC is support by the University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) New Zealand, Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Meteo-France, University of Hawaii, and Pacific Community (SPC). The PRCC is also on demonstration phase. Node Title Lead Agency/Co-Lead Consortium Members Node on Long- Range Forecasting Node on Climate Monitoring Node on Climate Change Projections Node of Operational Data Services Training Function NIWA & BoM NOAA & University of Hawaii CSIRO BoM SPREP Meteo-France, NOAA, University of Hawaii, SPREP & SPC BoM, SPC, SPREP & NIWA USGCRP, BoM & SPREP NOAA, University of Hawaii, SPC & NIWA NOAA, University of PNG, BoM, NIWA, SPC & CSIRO ASEAN Climate Outlook Forum (ASEANCOF)

61 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 32 The conduct of the ASEANCOF is part of the activities under the WMO Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). The key output is the consensus climate outlook for ASEAN member countries. It provide platforms for climate experts as well as users of information to discuss the climate status, scientific developments and end-user requirements. There were nine ASEANCOF conducted since November 2013 which are coordinated by the host country and ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC): 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th in Singapore, 4 th in Jakarta, 2 nd, 6 th and 8 th online (Skype, ), 7 th in Manila and 9 th in Vietnam. Climate Change MSS hosted a workshop entitled Best Practices Workshop on Climate Change Projections and their Applications for Southeast Asia. It was held March 2018 in Singapore. Its objectives are to compare and contrast the various studies for the region and to define guidelines for best practices in the generation of these scenarios. It was funded by WMO, Environment and Climate Change Canada and ASMC. Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction for Southeast Asia (S2S-SEA) ASMC led and co-funded the S2S Prediction Project in ASEAN region. The capability building on S2S prediction for the ASEAN was first held March 2017 and the second August Meeting of the RA V WG-CLS The Meeting of the RA V Working Group on Climate Services was held in Singapore February 2-4, It was attended by the Chair, the 2 Vice-Chairs and the Leads of each Task Teams. The WMO was represented by Mr. Rupa Kumar Kolli, the Chief of the World Climate Applications and Services Division. The meeting agenda included the following: review of relevant decisions of RA V, updates on CCl, CAgM and WM Congress, status of GFCS and work programme of WG-CLS for the period (climate and agricultural meteorology). The table below reflects the list of actions agreed upon by the members of the WG-CLS during the Meeting. List of actions (reflecting key work plan elements of the RA V WG-CLS) Action Facilitator Deadline Remarks 1: Draft a concept paper on prospects of a Regional Climate Change Forum in RA V, based on the RCOF concept, with the goal of holding such forum in : Survey on capacity building needs for climate services 3: Liaise with ET NCMP to address RA V specifics regarding NCMP implementation TT-CC (Mr Simon) TT-CSIS (Mr Rahmat) TT-CDM (Mr Diamond) 31 Oct 16 (next ASEAN COF) 31 Aug 16 Include aspects of keeping RA V NMHSs informed of relevant CORDEX activities in their region; Liaise with TT-CSIS (Mr Marra), Ms Cinco and Mr Aldrian Consider template/outcome of similar South Asian COF survey (Mr Kolli) and take into account outcomes of the PICS Panel gap analysis (Mr Tait); consider conducting the survey during an ASEAN COF event (ET NCMP contact point for RA V: Mr Karl Braganza, BoM); discuss NCMP generation for small Island countries and for complex terrain areas 4: Encourage and assist RA V Members in populating I-DARE TT-CDM (Ms 30 June 17 Liaise with TT-CSIS (Mr Marra)

62 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 33 5: Draft a concept note on a potential RA V Workshop on Climate Early Warning in 2017 Flannery) Mr Tait 30 June 16 Consider existing capabilities and mechanisms in the Region, identify stakeholders, draft agenda elements, consider WMO Climate Watch concept and related workshop series 6: Find out which RA V Members submit contributions to (i) WMO s Annual Statement on the Status of the Global Climate and (ii) BAMS State of the Climate article 7: Draft a three to five years roadmap for the further evolution of RA V RCOFs Mr Hechler TT-CSIS (Mr Marra) 30 June Oct 16 Liaise with Messrs Plummer (BoM), Gordon, Marra and Hechler Encourage more RA V Members to contribute through a P/RA V letter to RA V Members in close liaison with the RA V WG-CLS Include discussion of (i) challenges and opportunities, (ii) prospects of adding new variables to RCOF portfolios (e.g. sea level, wind at standard levels etc.), (iii) prospects of adding the sub-seasonal forecast scale to RCOF portfolios, (iv) Outlook uptake by users, (v) Outlook impacts on user decisions; (vi) aspects of NCOF liaison; (vii) how best to inform of ongoing projects in the region etc. 8: Facilitate RA V RCC implementation TT-CSIS (Messrs Marra, Tait, Gordon) (Cf. column Remarks ) Liaise with Messrs Tait and Gordon; consider inviting Ms Riama and Mr Rahmat to one of the next PICOF face-to-face meetings Advice P/RA V on RCC-Network arrangements and implementation steps for Southeast Asian and Southwest Pacific sub-regions with the aim of starting demonstration phases: 8.1: Southwest Pacific RCC-Network: (i) Approach potential RCC Node organizations to seek informal agreement to serve the RCC-Network (15 Mar 16); (ii) seek PMC endorsement through PICS Panel (31 Mar 16); (iii) develop detailed RCC-Network proposal (including suggested start date of RCC demonstration phase) (31 Oct 16); (iv) conduct a faceto-face meeting of RCC Node/consortium candidate institutions to agree on organizational arrangements and technical details (Nov 16); (v) seek formal commitment from PRs of proposed Node hosts and potential consortium members; (vi) provide RCC-Network proposal to P/RA for endorsement to start the demonstration and for submission to WMO SG 8.2: Southeast Asian RCC-Network: (i) Arrange for a letter from P/RA V to Southeast Asian RA V Members to inquire interest/willingness/readiness to serve as RCC-Network provider (Node lead or consortium member) (29 Feb 16); (ii) develop detailed RCC-Network proposal (including suggested start date of RCC

63 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 34 9: Explore ways of publishing the outcomes of the PICS Panel gap analysis as a WMO technical report 10: Draft a report on the operational use of S2S forecasts in agriculture TT-ITA (Mr Tait) TT-ITA (Mr Tait) 30 June Dec 16 demonstration phase) (31 May 16); (iii) conduct a face-to-face meeting of RCC Node/consortium candidate institutions to agree on organizational arrangements and technical details (June/July 16); (iv) seek formal commitment from PRs of proposed Node hosts (and potential consortium Members); (v) provide RCC- Network proposal to P/RA for endorsement to start the demonstration and for submission to WMO SG In addition, consider provision of an article for the WMO Bulletin Liaise with Mr Stefanski (Secretariat) Consider existing approaches in Southeast Asia and address relevant potential recommendations for the Southwest Pacific region 11: Draft a brief report on the use of remote sensing data and services for agricultural applications 12: Draft a paper on NCOF practices and experiences TT-ITA, TT-CSIS (Messrs Tait and Marra) TT-AIF (Ms Juanillo) 31 Dec June 17 (annotat ed paper out-line: 31 Oct 16) Liaise with Mr Stefanski (Secretariat) (Report of a length of up to five pages) Consider existing practices and experiences in countries such as Philippines and Indonesia with a special focus on agriculture (including Indonesian Climate Field Schools); provide general recommendations/guiding principles/ practices regarding NCOFs for WMO Members worldwide 13: Facilitate an online meeting of the RA V WG-CLS 14: Identify RA V WG-CLS members who are not able to contribute to the activities of the WG 15: Update RA V-related WMO DRA Webpages Liaise with Ms Riama and Messrs Gordon and Aldrian and NN (Malaysia) Ms Hilario, Feb 17 Review status of actions and explore WMO RAP opportunities for additional actions, where appropriate Ms Hilario Ongoing Consider quarterly checks (Mr Kolli to set up a Google group for the entire WG); complement silent members by engaging additional experts as appropriate WMO RAP 30 April 16 Update information on working groups, membership in working groups and teams; consider prospects of providing space for WG activities etc. 6. Comments/Suggestions There task teams of the WG-CLS which might overlapping function. For example, Task Team on Use of Improved Tools for Operational Agrometeorology including Coping with Impacts of Natural Disasters on Agriculture (TT-ITA) and Task Team on Agrometeorological Information for Enhancing Farmer Productivity (TT-AIF) can be merge into one. It is recommended to revisit the current working structure of the Working Group.

64 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 35 WORKING GROUP ON INFRASTRUCTURE (WG-INFR) KARL MONNIK BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY, AUSTRALIA Introduction The purpose of the Working Group Infrastructure in Region V is to contribute to the improvement of infrastructure (data and information services) for weather, climate and water in Region V through implementation of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) and WMO Information System (WIS). WG-INFR was re-established at RA V-16 in May 2014 (WMO No.-1135), Resolution 15. From a meteorological observations perspective, WMO Region V is a highly challenging monitoring environment: 23 countries; Small land mass compared to ocean area; Significant weather challenges including cyclones/typhoons, thunderstorms, monsoonal rain, drought, fires & smoke/smog; Lack of reliable data communications; Difficult access to power. Fig. 1. WMO Region V, South West Pacific.

65 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 36 Highlights of the session Promotion of WIGOS across the Region via face-to-face meeting and virtual WebEx meetings. Steps made in many countries to improve station metadata in OSCAR/Surface. Expansion of AMDAR reporting to Air Nuigini and encouraging discussions with airlines such as Garuda. The New Zealand AMDAR coverage was expanded to increase observations from the Pacific Islands. The workshop developed an outline for a Pacific region observing network plan in support of the GCOS Implementation Plan and the Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS IP) The 4 countries who have expressed interest in contributing to a Regional WIGOS Centre. The RA V TT-SU lead has been working with the leads of the RA-II WIGOS project to develop a questionnaire on satellite data usage in the two regions. NZ has changed the region over which Air New Zealand report AMDAR. This change has meant that profiles are now collected from Nadi, Niue, Rarotonga, Port Vila The implementation of the JMA developed a protocol, which enables the process by which RA-II and RA V Members can make requests for the Target Area Observation over selected areas provided by the operational satellites of Himawari-8 and -9. Working Group Structure The Working Group is composed of a Lead, a Vice-Lead, and five Task Teams; a Task Team on WIGOS; Task Team on Satellite Utilization; a Task Team on Regional Implementation and Operation of WIS (TT-WIS); a Task Team on Observations Quality Management and a Task Team on Aircraft Based Observations. Each TT consists of one leader and generally one to two experts. Membership WG-INFR Name Country Lead Mr. Karl MONNIK Australia Vice Lead Mr. Edward TRIHADI Indonesia Task Team on WIGOS TT Leader Mr. Karl MONNIK Australia (TT-WIGOS) Task Team on Satellite Utilization TT Leader Ms. Agnes LANE Australia (TT-SU) Expert Mr. Vicente P. PALCON, Philippines JR Task Team on Regional TT Leader Mr. Huat Aik CHOO Singapore Implementation and Operation of Expert Mrs. Endang Indonesia WIS (TT-WIS) PUDJIASTUTI Task Team on Observations TT Leader Mr. Ab Llah CHE COB Malaysia Quality Management (TT-OQM) Expert Mr. Selusalema VITE Tonga Task Team on Aircraft Based Observations (TT-ABO) TT Leader Mr Zulkarnain Indonesia (Initially Mr. Syamsul HUDA) Expert Mr. Douglas BODY Australia Kevin Alder (Initially Mr Wym van Dyk) New Zealand

66 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 37 Terms of Reference for the WG-INFR The terms of reference of the Working Group for Infrastructure, Region V South West Pacific are as follows: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) To monitor, promote and develop strategies for the Regional development and sustainable implementation of the WMO Information System (WIS), including the steps described in the WIS Implementation Plan for Regional Association V (South-West Pacific). A high priority remains overcoming the persistent shortcomings of the Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for time-critical and operation critical data exchange. Avenues include Pacific-wide satellite communications, collaboration in the development and support of the RAdio and InterNET (RANET) communication system, reception of the Emergency Managers Weather Information Network, and improved access to Internet services; To monitor, promote and develop integrated strategies for the Regional development and sustainable implementation of the observing systems of WMO Programmes and cosponsored Programmes, in particular through the WIGOS Implementation Plan for Regional Association V (South-West Pacific). Specific areas of focus are tabulated in that plan; To promote and facilitate the compliance of WIGOS and WIS Technical Regulations and Manuals; To review and propose updates for the Regional WIGOS Implementation Plan; To identify means for strengthening liaison with bodies involved in the development and implementation of relevant observing and information systems; To identify education and training requirements for relevant information and communication techniques and observing systems and operations; RESOLUTIONS 149 To provide input for WMO regulatory material related to observations and information systems, in particular ensuring National Focal Points effective participation in Fast Track procedures approved under Res 21 (Cg-17); To coordinate task teams to complete specific tasks and submit proposals to the RA V Management Group for winding up completed teams and starting new teams; To report to and advise the president and Management Group of the Association on the above issues; Terms of Reference for the Task Team on WIGOS Interpretation and Opportunities (TT-WIGOS) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are to: Provide information and advice to Members and the RA V Management Group about the WIGOS concept, the implementation strategy, and the implications and requirements for actions at the Regional level; Identify opportunities and priorities for Regional action; Consult widely in order to formulate proposal/s for WIGOS Demonstration Project/s, with an emphasis on activities that are sustainable and may be generalized for adoption across the entire Region; Contribute to the development of WIGOS Regional Centres. Facilitate the preparation of National WIGOS Implementation Plans (N-WIP) Promote and facilitate the use of OSCAR/Surface by Members of the Region Provide advice to WG-INFR on the above issues.

67 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 38 Terms of Reference for the Task Team on Pacific Observations Quality Management with Broader Scope (TT-OQM) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are: Identify quality management processes in RA V member countries; Facilitate the sharing of expertise in quality management processes; Promote access to observations data quality reports to members; Contribute to the regional implementation of the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System, in particular the Incident Management procedures for the observing networks of the Region Provide advice to WG-INFR on the above issues. Terms of Reference for the Task Team on Aircraft Based Observations (TT-ABO) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are: In collaboration with Regional members and the CBS ET-ABO, develop a regional implementation plan for aircraft-based observations and AMDAR as a component of the Regional WIGOS Implementation Plan. Collaborate with regional airlines and national ATMs on the establishment of programs to deliver aircraft-based observations on the WMO GTS. Assist designated regional centers in the process of developing and maintaining quality monitoring systems for ABO. Undertake and assist in technical training, workshops, promotion and outreach on ABO, targeting both regional Members and the ATI. Consult with data users and applications areas to determine and promote regional requirements for ABO. Provide advice to WG-INFR on the above issues. Terms of Reference for the Task Team on Regional Implementation and Operation of WIS (TT-WIS) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are to: Establish a regional implementation strategy for WIS/DAR services; Provide information and advice to Members about the WIS Implementation Plan and its implications and application in the Region; provide guidance documentation on how to implement the new functionality of WIS, especially metadata; provide advice on the designation process and promote the early action by NMHSs to have their own centres designated; Promote the establishment of GISC, DCPC and National Centres in the Region; Seek early pilots to demonstrate the operation of GISC, DCPCs and NCs, including a demonstration of WIS capability in a SIDS National Centre and a non-nmhs centre; Liaise with the WIS Project Office and relevant Expert Teams of the CBS OPAG-ISS; Provide advice to WG-INFR on the above issues Terms of Reference for the Task Team on Satellite Utilisation (TT-SU) The Terms of Reference of the Task Team are: To identify the priority needs of countries in RA V to obtain and exchange meteorological satellite data and related information; To include communications needs both within-country and regional/global needs;

68 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 39 To identify and examine existing communications solutions and their shortcomings; To include communications needs both within-country and regional/global needs; To investigate options and alternatives and make recommendations on effective and achievable means to overcome the shortcomings; To make recommendations on capacity building initiatives to enable sustained operation and maintenance of satellite data receiving, processing and visualization systems, with particular regard to the new generation of meteorological satellites; To provide advice to WG-INFR on the above issues. Outreach Activities of WG-INFR The Working Group engaged in a number of meetings to increase the knowledge concerning observations infrastructure issues and seek alignment between WMO plans and those of associated Regional organisations. The Regional Forum for Directors of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) This meeting was held over October This meeting provided an opportunity for the Directors to be informed on the progress with the WIGOS Metadata Standard; the requirement to update station metadata in OSCAR/Surface, the status of CLIMAT and GUAN Reports, Aircraft Based Observations and Satellite Utilisation. Common issues include the lack of meteorological aviation infrastructure and appropriately qualified personnel to provide observations, particularly in remote areas, and difficulties with communication causing the delay or non-receipt of observational data from some countries. The main outcome was to increase collaboration between the WMO RA V plans and the priorities in the Pacific Island countries. Joint GCOS-WIGOS Workshop for the Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Nadi, Fiji, 9-12 October 2017 During the meeting, the status of GCOS and RBSN elements of the network were present. On the positive side, Aircraft Based Observations were providing extremely valuable measurements over large swathes of ocean. However, there were several important climate stations that were not providing regular CLIMAT or GUAN reports.

69 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 40 Fig. 2. AMDAR Coverage in RA V September Data from NOAA ESRL/GSD. RA V boundaries approximate. The meeting concluded making some important statements. In a general sense, systematic observation of the Earth s climate is a global common good that supports the implementation of the Paris Agreement, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. Systematic upper air observations in the Pacific region, tend to have the highest measured impact, of all ground-based measurements, on the quality and accuracy of weather and climate analysis and prediction not only locally, but globally. The resulting products underpin weather and climate aspects of early warning systems as well as other climaterelated services. Both the spatial density and observing frequency of the upper air network over the South Pacific region currently fall short of GCOS and WMO requirements. Due to the unique geography of the region vast swathes of ocean surface with relative little land mass distributed over some 20 small island states with modest-size populations and correspondingly modest GDPs systematic observation is particularly challenging in this region. Thus, he upper air network over the South Pacific therefore needs sustained international support. The workshop developed an outline for a Pacific region observing network plan in support of the GCOS Implementation Plan and the Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS IP) to: o o o Strengthen regional and national meteorological networks to support adaptation actions and avert loss and damage; Identify capacity building needs to ensure the sustainability of the networks; Be used to support requests for finance from the operating entities of the financial mechanism under the Convention, the GCOS Cooperation Mechanism and other relevant funding sources.

70 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 41 The full text is provided in the attachment 1. Pacific Meteorological Council s PICI (Pacific Island Communication and Infrastructure) Panel meeting This meeting took place in Nadi, Fiji over 13 and 15 May The Pacific Island Communications Infrastructure (PICI) Panel was established by the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC) to serve in the capacity of an advisory and coordination committee to PMC on matters concerning the infrastructure, communications and dissemination of national and regional hydro-meteorological and tsunami (seismic and sea level) observations, forecasts, and warnings in the Pacific region. It is one of five expert panels under the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC). It was noted that under the review of the Pacific Islands Meteorology Strategy (PIMS), there are relevant parts where WIS and WIGOS stand out across several different Pacific Key Outcomes (PKOs). Improved understand of the training required by Pacific Island Meteorological Services to support the development and implementation of Regional WIGOS and WIS plans for the Pacific Islands was required. This would be achieved through more detailed discussion with member countries and at future virtual meetings of the SPREP PICI Panel. RA V Working Group on Infrastructure At the kind invitation of the government of Singapore, the RA V WG-INFR met at the Centre for Climate Research Singapore (CCRS) from 7 to 9 November 2017, in order to (i) review progress made in the implementation of WIGOS and WIS in Region V, (ii) discuss the possibility of establishing one or more Regional WIGOS Centers in the region, and (iii) to commence preparation of an updated Regional WIGOS Implementation Plan for Region V, to be submitted to the RA V-17 Session in It was noted in the predecessor to this working group that there was reference to GDPFS. However, the in TOR of the current group, there is no reference to it, and it was therefore unclear whether any other entity within the RA V working structure or the WMO technical commission is responsible for regional aspects of the GDPFS. The issue of siting of instruments needs to be addressed for urban environments. For example, in Singapore stations are located on roofs of buildings, which represent the many buildings in the vicinity. According to CIMO guide these are class 4 or 5. Is this a true reflection of the data? It was suggested that CIMO consider updating its guidelines to reflect the present-day reality where in many countries urbanized areas are becoming the norm rather than the exception. Structure and resourcing of the future WGs for RA V was considered. In order to facilitate the implementation of key WMO priorities, more resources are required. Examples include training sessions for Focal Points and greater opportunity to meet both face-to-face and via WebEx to progress technical topics such as WIGOS Metadata, OSCAR/Surface, WIGOS Data Quality monitoring and WIS implementation. A meeting early in the formation of the team is important to identify priorities and capability of the team members. An important focus of the meeting was the development of Region WIGOS Centre in RA V. Dr Riishojgaard presented the general concept of Regional WIGOS Centre and a brief overview of the current status of implementation in the various Regions. Concerning the required staffing levels of a Regional WIGOS Centre, it was estimated that a minimal capability would need to involve the following functional roles: Coordinator (20% FTE);

71 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 42 OSCAR/Surface Metadata support; OSCAR training (50% FTE, level II); Observations quality management (data availability, data flow, data quality; 50% FTE); A question to consider for the WMO Secretariat was whether a sub-regional RWC functionality might be built into the five-country proposal currently being developed by WMO for submission to the Green Climate Fund. The representatives from Australia, Indonesia and Singapore (and Fiji separately) all expressed their interest in participating in the RWC development in the Region and all were planning to discuss the implications with their respective PR s after the meeting. Activities of WG-INFR Task Teams Task Team on Satellite Utilisation (TT-SU) The Task Team has focused on two outcomes. Firstly, a joint activity with RA-II on gathering satellite user requirements in RA V and RA-II. The RA V TT-SU lead has been working with the leads of the RA-II WIGOS project to develop a questionnaire on satellite data usage in the two regions. The questionnaire will be released prior to AOMSUC-9, and will be discussed at the meeting, encouraging RA V and RA-II members to participate. The collaboration between RA V and RA-II on this topic has been very successful with regular WebEx sessions held to discuss and prioritise the structure and format of the questionnaire. Secondly, to develop the protocol for Himawari-8/9 Request-driven Rapid Scan in WMO RA II and RA V. At the Joint RA II/RA V Workshop on WIGOS for Disaster Risk Reduction (October 2015), the Jakarta Declaration was adopted. In the Declaration it proposed that a protocol be developed under which the NMHS's can request event-driven rapid-scan satellite data covering their national area of interest for DRR. JMA developed a protocol, which describes how RA-II and RA V Members can make requests for the Target Area Observation over selected areas provided by the operational satellites of Himawari-8 and -9. The Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) acts as a broker for requests from RA V members. Since March this year, five RA V Members have registered for the Himawari Request service: Solomon Islands Meteorological Service, Met. Service of New Zealand, Malaysian Meteorological Department, Fiji Meteorological Service, and the Bureau of Meteorology. Satellite utilisation is supported by the Australian VLab Centre of Excellence. Representatives of many RA V countries have joined the VLab remote training sessions. Task Team on Regional Implementation and Operation of WIS (TT-WIS) There are a total of 44 WIS centres (1 GISC, 15 DCPCs and 28 NCs) in RA V, with eight new DCPCs were being established over the past 2-3 years. Singapore has recently established a DCPC to disseminate weather and smoke haze products generated by the ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC). The ASMC WIS portal has successfully been audited by CBS for operation and is now pending endorsement by EC/Cg. The focus for the next session should be placed on the WIS 2.0 strategy and impacts of WIS implementation on RA V countries. Task Team on Aircraft Based Observations (TT-ABO) Formal AMDAR Programs Operated by:

72 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 43 Australia: 90 Aircraft/31000 Observations per day New Zealand: 28 Aircraft/3000 Observations per day USA: Routes to/from Hawaii A WMO study (2013) identified Asia Pacific as one of six AMDAR 'data sparse' regions. Study identified a number of 'target' airlines which had substantial coverage of RA V. This list was shared with RA V members to encourage further expansion of AMDAR observations. WMO has funded the provision of AMDAR data from 8 Air Niugini Aircraft. Data has been flowing to the GTS since 30 th August (Fig. 3). The trial will continue for 6 months. Fig 3. Coverage by the recent addition of 8 Air Niugini Aircraft (Aug/Sep 2018). An AMDAR Benefits Workshop was held at BMKG [22-23 May 2017]. These included representatives from six national meteorological and hydrological services, representatives from the air transport industry and related organisations, e.g., civil aviation authority and airlines. Representatives from an Indonesian air navigation service provider, the air force, as well as lecturers and students from the State College of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics also participated in the workshop. Following on from this:- - BMKG held further discussions with Garuda Indonesia Airline and Air Navigation Service Providers on the Provision of AMDAR [Nov 2017] - Discussions between New Caledonian Met Service and Air Calin on the Provision of AMDAR, with assistance from Australia and NZ [2018, ongoing] ABO Activities initiated by Members NZ has changed the region over which Air New Zealand report AMDAR. This change has meant that profiles are now collected from Nadi, Niue, Rarotonga, Port Vila. Australia has equipped 23 Qantas A330 aircraft with AMDAR software. This was the first implementation of EDR (Turbulence) on an Airbus and provides improved coverage on Australian Domestic and International Routes

73 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 44 Task Team on Pacific Observations Quality Management with Broader Scope (TT- OQM) The current status of the development of the WDQMS provides a platform for the Region to monitor the status of key observations. It can be used as a tool to engage with focal points to investigate and address short-falls in data quality. A need for dedicated national focal points on WDQMS was identified, since this system is quite distinct from OSCAR/Surface and WIGOS in terms of required expertise and areas of responsibility. WG-INFR informed the meeting that a questionnaire was planned to all RA V Members regarding the state of their national Quality Management framework (e.g. concerning possible ISO 9001 accreditation or plans therefore) and specific activities regarding observational data quality monitoring. Task Team on WIGOS Interpretation and Opportunities (TT-WIGOS) Opportunities were taken a several Regional meetings and RA V WebEx sessions to promote the understanding of WIGOS and the implementation of key components. These will be facilitated through the inception of a Regional WIGOS Centre in the Region. It was highlighted that a Regional transition plans to the use of WIGOS Identifiers was required. Recommendations for the future structure of WG-INFR The following changes are proposed to improve the effective working of WG-INFR. TT-ABO should continue, it has made some good progress and there are issues to deal with. For example, the recent addition of Air Niugini to the AMDAR program, and discussions progressing with Garuda airlines. The Team will need to consider how to extend the initial 6 month trial and identify future funding for this. TT-OQM should cease and be incorporated into new team below. TT-WIGOS should cease and be incorporated into new team below TT-WIS the importance of WIS and the lack of national implementation within the region needs to be strengthened. The priority should be to increase the knowledge of WIS in the region and to accelerate its implementation at a national level. It is really important to be able to advise the GISCs supporting the region what is needed for them to do in capacity development and in ensuring Members' staff have the required competencies to operate effectively in WIS. GISCs should be encouraged to strive to address these needs. should continue but with a focus on transition from alphanumeric to BUFR, and supporting WIS centres. TT-SU should continue with a focus on question sat user requirements and Himawari Rapid scan process. New TT- Regional WIGOS Centre This should support the development of a new RWC and provide points of contact in each of the countries to support this. Focus on getting station metadata into OSCAR/Surface Focus on monitoring data quality through the WDQMS; data availability Supporting the transition from WMO numbers to WIGOS Identifiers Encourage development of plans to implement WIGOS. Finally, significant limitations to the function of the team are given as follows:

74 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p Task team leads and experts are often not well versed in developments in WMO globally, and hence are less effective in guiding implementation of WMO priorities. Experts are are members of other Expert Teams provide beneficial insight and understanding to RA V implementation. 2. Task teams are constrained by the lack of available experts. It would be good to have several experts per team, not just 1 or 2 as in the previous session. All Member countries need to propose at least 1 to 2 experts across the skills required for WG-INFR. 3. Task Team members should be nominated at RA V-MG-16 or shortly afterwards so the teams have best opportunity to understand and achieve their work plan. 4. Greater guidance needs to be given to Task Team leads on WMO processes, understanding of work plans and a face-to-face meeting soon after inception is key to the success of the team. 5. Communication challenges are a large impediment to the effective operation of teams. Regular WebEx sessions are extremely helpful, though limited by bandwidth in many countries.

75 RA V-17/INF. 2.1(2), p. 46 Attachment 1. Key messages from the Joint GCOS-WIGOS Workshop for Pacific SIDS, Nadi, 9-12 October 2017 Systematic observation of the Earth s climate is a global common good that supports the implementation of the Paris Agreement, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. Many meteorological observations, made at high spatial and temporal density, support local forecasting and warning applications. These observations are a national responsibility contributing to national and regional needs with some additional global value. However, systematic upper air observations, made routinely by radiosondes under the WMO World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme, including the GCOS Upper Air Network (GUAN), support numerical weather prediction (NWP) leading to global benefits. These observations are used primarily for forecasting and climate applications at the international level, including climate reanalyses which form the basis of much of our understanding of climate and climate change; and Systematic upper air observations in the Pacific region, tend to have the highest measured impact, of all ground-based measurements, on the quality and accuracy of weather and climate analysis and prediction not only locally, but globally. The resulting products underpin weather and climate aspects of early warning systems as well as other climate-related services. Both the spatial density and observing frequency of the upper air network over the South Pacific region currently fall short of GCOS and WMO requirements. Due to the unique geography of the region vast swathes of ocean surface with relative little land mass distributed over some 20 small island states with modest-size populations and correspondingly modest GDPs systematic observation is particularly challenging in this region. The upper air network over the South Pacific therefore needs sustained international support. The workshop developed an outline for a Pacific region observing network plan in support of the GCOS Implementation Plan and the Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS IP) to: o Strengthen regional and national meteorological networks to support adaptation actions and avert loss and damage; o Identify capacity building needs to ensure the sustainability of the networks; o Be used to support requests for finance from the operating entities of the financial mechanism under the Convention, the GCOS Cooperation Mechanism and other relevant funding sources. Support of the observing network in the region should be based on transparent processes and a commitment to free and open data sharing in accordance with WMO Resolutions 40 and 60 and the GCOS Monitoring Principles. The network should be designed to be, efficient, sustainable, it should meet agreed international standards as well as national requirements. Ensuring sustainability is of paramount importance, and the network plan must therefore also include the necessary elements of capacity development. The draft plan will be developed by GCOS and WMO in collaboration with Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP), the Pacific Islands Communication and Infrastructure Panel (PICI), and Pacific Meteorological Council, and submitted to COP 24.

76 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 2.2 Submitted by: Secretary-General 16.X.2018 REPORT FROM THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE RECOMMENDATIONS SESSION 1: WMO Constituent Body Reform The session was informed by the Secretariat of the WMO Constituent Body Reform process that is currently underway within the organization, including the rationale and drivers for the reform, and the latest proposals from EC-70 that will be presented to Congress next year for consideration. Delegates reflected on the implications of the reform on Members, the Regional Association and technical commissions and discussed ways to contribute to the process going forward. Participants noted that the reforms have the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of WMO by reducing the complexity and duplication of activities. It was also agreed that it will be very important that the work cycles of the various constituent bodies be properly aligned in terms of work programs and the timing of key sessions. Session recommendations That RA V review its working groups and other subsidiary bodies, including their terms of reference, to ensure that they align with the future structure and operation of WMO's constituent bodies that will result from the reform process. That in preparation for the detailed deliberations that will occur at Congress next year, RA V Members review the Constituent Body Reform Transition Plan and Communications Plan which are available on the WMO website at SESSION 2: Leadership and Management in NMHSs The session discussed the importance of leadership and management capability within NMHSs in order for them to operate effectively. Following introductory remarks by the Secretariat, and some reflections by the panellists, the delegates considered how strengthened NMHS leadership and management can lead to more effective and efficient operations, improve relationships with key stakeholders, nurture greater visibility within government and help the organisation adapt to rapidly changing customer and societal needs. It was noted by delegates that managers within NMHSs are often drawn from technical or scientific ranks and that management and leadership skills are additional capabilities that require special training. The recent Leadership and Management Programme for Senior Management of NMHS in RA II and RA V hosted by Singapore was highly commended in this respect. Session recommendations That the Secretariat continue to focus its support to LDC and SIDS members in the areas of legislation and strategic planning for NMHS.

77 RA V-17/INF. 2.2, p. 2 That leadership and management training initiatives for senior management be included as part of the WMO ETR programme and that the WMO secretariat facilitate the provision of relevant lecturers. That consideration be given to the attachment of senior NMHS managers to other entities, including the WMO secretariat and/or advanced NMHSs, in order to learn best practice approaches to leadership and management, as well as to develop improved understanding of matters such as the socio-economic value of meteorological services. That the Secretariat share with Members available material on the socio-economic benefit of meteorological services. That consideration be given to the provision of relevant WMO training programmes to countries and territories that are not yet full Members of WMO. SESSION 3: Reports of Working Groups and Tropical Cyclone Committee The RECO was informed on the work programs and progress of the subsidiary bodies of RA V through a series of presentations by the leads (or their delegates) of the various working groups: Working Group on Weather Services, Working Group on Climate Services, Working Group on Hydrological Services, Working Group on Infrastructure and the Tropical Cyclone Committee. The delegates noted with great appreciation the work that has been achieved since the last RA V session and made a series of recommendations about aspects of each of the team's work. Session recommendations The importance of aviation meteorological services and quality management systems was noted and that to ensure the effective flow of information to the region, a representative from RA V attend annual ICAO meetings as a matter of course, with special emphasis on sharing information and requirements with the Pacific SIDS Members. The excellent progress of the AMDAR programme within the region was noted and that focus be given to adding more small airlines to the fleet of observing aircraft. The successful establishment of the South East Asia and Pacific Regional Climate Centres was acknowledged and that coordination and collaboration between the two centres be undertaken, through such mechanisms as joint training activities and shared product development. That all Members redouble their efforts to engage with the hydrological community in their country to ensure that the needs and perspectives of hydrological services are effectively addressed within the work programmes of WMO. In view of events associated with TC Gita in Tonga, that back up plans between forecast offices be further developed within the context of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan. That further consideration be given to the sustainability of the highly valued SWFDDP project in RA V and that a regional host for the ongoing management of the project be established as a matter of priority. Attendees expressed their appreciation for the training provided as part of the SWFDDP and requested resources be identified for future training activities.

78 RA V-17/INF. 2.2, p. 3 SESSION 4: Observing System Issues The RECO was updated on the status of implementation of WIGOS within Region V and discussed some of the associated issues and challenges, including the ongoing need for greater coverage, reliability and standardisation of the network across the vast region. The meeting was also informed of the WMO Global Basic Observing Network (GBON) initiative which will be considered by Congress next year and which has significant implications and potential benefits for RA V Members. Session recommendations Attendees noted the value of WIGOS and affirmed the importance of ongoing training and communication to fully understand the programme and its implications for Members and the region. The meeting noted the merit of a network approach for a Regional WIGOS Centre in RA V and that Members work collaboratively to implement it. Attendees noted the challenges presented by the installation and management of observing systems that have differing specifications and performance characteristics, and that efforts be strengthened in support of greater standardisation, including with respect to reporting schedules. The vital importance of upper air observations in the region was affirmed and that efforts continue to secure sufficient funding to maintain these programs. SESSION 5.1: Marine Services The RECO discussed the critical importance of marine services in RA V, noting the particular challenges and vulnerabilities faced by society in the region. Discussions were focussed on marine safety services such as those under the SOLAS Convention and the Worldwide Met- Ocean Information and Warning Service (WWMIWS), where current gaps exist and need attention, and the role of WMO, including JCOMM in the strengthening of marine services. The meeting viewed two short videos that have been prepared to assist with community outreach and education on marine services and the risks of tsunami, and were asked to consider their adaptation to RA V. Session recommendations That all Members nominate National Marine Services Focal Points to ensure good linkages between the work of WMO and the needs of Members on marine service and to foster the effective exchange of relevant knowledge between Members within and between regions. That an assessment be undertaken across all Members to determine their capabilities and gaps in delivering marine and coastal services. To support and contribute to the development of marine forecasting competencies as part of WMO's overall competencies initiative. To further consider the adaptation to RA V audiences of available public educational videos on marine services and tsunami. To continue to strengthen connection and collaboration on marine services matters with key global bodies such as the IHO and regional entities such as RIMES and SPREP.

79 RA V-17/INF. 2.2, p. 4 SESSION 5.2: Hydrological Services The meeting was given a comprehensive overview of global, as well as regional, hydrological matters, a key focus being on the proposed WMO governance reform and how this may impact the current workings within the hydrological community. The meeting recognized the challenges and opportunities this is likely to bring and urged for careful consideration of how the hydrological community is structured within the reform. Several Members discussed the status of hydrological service providers within their countries with the majority falling under a different entity to meteorology and the challenges associated with such frameworks. It was noted that the RECO attendees predominantly came from the meteorological community. Session recommendations Membership of the WG-HYS being extended to include the RA V members of the Hydrology AWG and other hydrology related task teams and groups, so that the WG-HYS is kept fully informed of, and has input to, the work of these groups. Request the WG-HYS to develop and maintain a regional implementation plan for all hydrology-related WMO activities in the region in order that members and others are able to be well informed on the synergies and opportunities for coordination of these. Urges the Constituent Body Reform Task Force to consider both the end-to-end nature of hydrology and the diversity of actors in water, and to work to retain a readily identifiable entity for hydrology within future WMO constituent bodies. Urges the Constituent Body Reform Task Force to ensure that the RA V WG-HYS becomes an institutional member of any future hydrology-related constituent body of WMO. To develop and implement hydrometeorology training for meteorologists and other relevant personnel, in order to facilitate better interaction between the hydrological and meteorological communities. Requests Members to explore opportunities to include hydrological capacity building elements within projects and project proposals for their countries; The WMO Secretariat to continue promoting to potential donors a second Pacific HYCOS project in accordance with the Concept Note developed by the WG-HYS Requests the WG-HYS to develop a Concept Note for a SEA-HYCOS that focuses on hydrological product delivery and coordination activities between NMSs, NHSs and other hydrology related organisations. Requests the WG-HYS to work collaboratively with the Pacific Meteorological Council Hydrological Services Panel. SIDE EVENT: GMAS The WMO Secretariat informed the meeting of MHEWS and CAP initiatives and how they support the overarching GMAS (GMAS vision: To be recognized globally by decision makers as a resource of authoritative warnings and information related to high-impact weather, water, ocean and climate events).

80 RA V-17/INF. 2.2, p. 5 It was noted some of the larger RA V Members are already CAP compliant and the main gaps are in the Pacific. Members noted several challenges in implementing a unified CAP capable system, including required IT infrastructure, training, differing platforms currently in use, and trans or cross boundary coordination. SPREP gave a brief on the regional PACALERT platform that is based on the SmartMet/SmartAlert system, but also highlighted the challenges in implementation. An overview of the SWFDDP project and its current status was presented. At the most recent RSMT meeting of the SWFDDP in July 2018, it was decided the SWFDDP would remain in the demonstration phase until several criteria are met. This is to ensure the project continues to realise the benefits it has brought so far. The final comments posed the question of the relative priority of GMAS implementation within the region and whether this is a step too far for RA V at this time. Session recommendations Assess existing CAP capability in RA V and implement a pilot project with one or two Members in order to facilitate members in understanding the connectedness of GMAS with other existing alert systems that have been introduced previously. Before committing resources to GMAS within the region, we should learn from work that has gone before and consider what the capacities and resources are, how to harmonize matters at the working level, and understand the issues and sustainability challenges we face. Acknowledge the requirements needed to successfully move the SWFDDP from the demonstration to the continuing development phase. SESSION 5.3: Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems and Disaster Risk Reduction The WMO Secretariat provided an overview of NMHSs capacities to support DRR in RA V, in line with the draft WMO Strategic Plan and of respective projects and partnerships. Several Members outlined their capabilities for multi-hazard early warning systems (MHEWS) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) citing difficulties experienced in individual states, but it was also recognised that MHEWS/DRR is not only difficult in LDCs and SIDs, but is a challenge for all WMO Members. Session recommendations That additional training be included in ETR programmes to improve the capability of Members to develop and provide impacts-based forecasts and warnings, noting the interdisciplinary nature of this field and that the knowledge required is often not part of the existing skillset of NMHS staff. That NMHSs continue to strengthen their partnerships with key stakeholders in the DRM community (including revision of SOPs) to ensure that warnings and forecasts meet the needs of these users and provide the basis for integrated impacts-based services to the community. Indonesia currently has a USAID funded Weather Ready Nation programme (One of seven being run outside of the USA). The region was invited to consider another Member from RA V to become involved. That Members make all efforts to participate in the next Global Platform for DRR meeting May 2019 in Geneva) as well as the next Asian Ministerial Conference on DRR (incl. Pacific Countries) hosted by Australia in 2020 (NMHS representatives are encouraged to

81 RA V-17/INF. 2.2, p. 6 become part of national delegations and showcase good practices for their contributions to DRR). That Members are encouraged to actively engage in the 2nd Multi-Hazard Early Warning Conference (MHEWC-II) which will take place from 13 to 14 May 2019 in Geneva, organized by WMO and other partners of the International Network for Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems (IN-MHEWS) and directly preceding the Global Platform for DRR 2019 (The Conference will provide inputs into the session on MHEWS of the Platform, the outcomes of which will be submitted to the UN General Assembly). That Members are encouraged to continue nominating WMO DRR Focal Points (through their NMHSs) which will be recorded in the WMO Country Profile Database (CPDB), as requested by EC-68 and EC-70, and who will assist with implementing the WMO DRR Roadmap. That WMO assist in developing Flood Early Warning Systems for Members and provide guidelines for the collection of impact data. SESSION 6: Private Sector Engagement The RECO was informed of developments within the Global Weather Enterprise (GWE) and the WMO approach and framework for leveraging and engaging the private sector by building relationships and partnerships at country and regional levels. The private sector involvement within the meteorological community is growing exponentially and NMHSs need to work smarter and be more nimble to remain relevant. Despite the fear that this may bring there are also opportunities; being better involved with the private sector often gives NMHSs better public engagement/recognition. The meeting noted successful examples of public-private engagement, such as with AMDAR. The meeting was also informed of the GWE Forum and its development over the last couple of years; a platform for dialogue to provide guidance to Members. Session recommendations Members to read and familiarise themselves with the WMO PPE Policy Framework, and engage with the private sector in some manner, particularly where we think we have deficiencies, recognising that there is not one rule that fits all. Encouragement of Member NMHSs to engage through twinning programs, particularly where we can leverage off each other s expertise. A Regional standpoint on engagement with the private sector was difficult to articulate, so RA V may wish to consider establishing a Regional Weather Enterprise Forum, to compliment the GWE Forum. SIDE EVENT: Pacific RTC Feasibility Study Proposal for a Pacific RTC The RECO received a briefing from Dr G. Love, a member of the consulting team engaged by UNDP, on the outcomes from a Feasibility Study to establish a Pacific-based WMO Regional Training Centre. The RECO supported the further development of a Pacific RTC to meet recognized needs in a sustainable fashion and recommended that the chair of the SPREP PIETR Panel (currently Mr Arona Ngari of the Cook Islands) keep the Region informed of future developments in this area.

82 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1) Submitted by: Secretary-General 12.X.2018 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MULTI-HAZARD EARLY WARNING SERVICES IN REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) 1. Background International and Regional Frameworks and Processes Pertaining to Disaster Risk Reduction in RA V 1.1 At the 2018 Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (AMCDRR 2018) 1 which took place from 3 to 6 July 2018 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, for the first time, all countries and territories from the Pacific region were also invited. In fact, the 2020 AMCDRR will be hosted by the Government of Australia. At the Conference, Ministers responsible for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and the delegations, many of them including representatives from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) recognized the importance of ensuring coherence when implementing global frameworks such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the Sendai Framework for DRR , the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development, the Agenda for Humanity, the New Urban Agenda, the Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) Modalities of Action (S.A.M.O.A.) Pathway, and regional inter-governmental processes and frameworks including the Asia Regional Plan for Implementation of the Sendai Framework (in particular its Action Plan ), the Asia-Pacific Forum on Sustainable Development, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Community Vision 2025 and ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) Work Programme , and the Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific The Ulaanbaatar Declaration 2 calls on all governments and stakeholders to translate these frameworks into policy and practice to achieve resilience at national and local levels across all sectors, including by strengthening governance arrangements and by providing practical guidance to ensure effective and efficient management of disaster risk. Commitment to establish new and strengthening existing regional, sub-regional, national, sub-national and local platforms on DRR, with the active engagement of local and national stakeholders, in coordination with regional and international partners and cooperation mechanisms is needed, and so is their sustainable financing. Dialogue and knowledge-sharing among a broad range of national and local stakeholders, including universities, the private sector, and science and technology communities to enhance the availability of innovative technology and research, facilitate capacity development, and contribute to decision-making for addressing local risks and the needs of the most vulnerable needs to be promoted. 1.3 It was also highlighted that people-centred, multi-hazard early warning systems (MHEWS) need to be scaled-up and sustained through partnerships among all actors involved in each aspect of the early warning chain, ensuring accountability and clear roles and responsibilities, adequate financing and regional cooperation especially in light of transboundary hazards. Early warnings need to be translated into early action, including for hard-to-reach populations and allowing for local solutions and decision-making as well as feedback mechanisms to improve the overall early warning and disaster management system

83 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p. 2 The WMO Disaster Risk Reduction Roadmap 1.4 After a drafting and consultation period between late 2014 and early 2017, the WMO DRR Roadmap 3 was approved by the WMO President on behalf of the Executive Council (EC) in April This Roadmap aligns WMO DRR Programme with the Sendai Framework. The vision of the WMO DRR Roadmap is that WMO and the NMHSs of its Members are recognized as an authoritative and effective support mechanism within the national, regional and global DRR arenas with regard to weather-, water- and climate-related hazards. Such a NMHS supported by WMO structures as a whole is able to: (a) (b) (c) (d) Co-design, co-produce, and co-deliver together with other NMHSs and partners user-driven services that support disaster risk management measures in multiple sectors and at various spatial and temporal scales; Fully link vulnerability and exposure data to standardized hazard information in data processing, production, and service delivery in order to contribute to and use impact-based forecasts and risk-informed warnings of multiple hazards within the framework of multi-hazard early warning systems; Advance and apply science (natural and social) and technology to support the development and delivery of such products and services for disaster risk reduction; and, Sustain its core operations, also after having been affected by disasters themselves. 1.5 Accordingly, the WMO DRR Roadmap will work towards the following objectives: (a) (b) (c) (d) Provide a framework for WMO Members to assess, support and enhance their NMHSs contributions to their national DRR efforts through strengthened capabilities and cooperation at all levels and in a more cost-effective, systematic and sustainable manner; Provide a mechanism to enhance WMO programmatic coordination and collaboration with respect to DRR, especially through strengthening the regional and global institutional infrastructure to create sustained capacities for countrylevel implementation support; Reference and make accessible knowledge products (standards, guidelines, tools, methods, good practices, Quality Management Frameworks (QMF), competencies, etc.) to Members, the WMO operational and research networks, and the Secretariat for their support to local, national, regional, and global DRR activities; and, Identify both tactical and strategic opportunities for enhancing the role and visibility of NMHSs and WMO in national, regional and global policy processes related to disaster risk management through coordinated and focused engagement with the international stakeholders and service providers, e.g. the United Nations (UN) system, regional and sub-regional intergovernmental organizations, the private sector, charities, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). 3

84 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p Decisions by the Seventieth WMO Executive Council Especially Relevant to Disaster Risk Reduction in RA V Further Implementation of the WMO Disaster Risk Reduction Roadmap 2.1 Through Decision 3, EC-70 decided to further implement the WMO DRR Roadmap at the national, regional and global level and monitor its further implementation in line with the draft WMO Strategic Plan (especially its Goal 1) and its Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), including recurring reviews of requirements of Members and UN and humanitarian agencies (HAs) and identifying how this implementation further contributes to achieving the relevant goals and targets set in other aforementioned international frameworks, especially in view of a seamless approach to reducing the risks from weather-, water-, and climate-related hazards and the role NMHSs are playing in all components of disaster risk management (including for reducing risks from non-hydrometeorological hazards) under national legislation. 2.2 EC-70 requested the technical commissions (TCs), regional associations (RAs) and technical (including co-sponsored) programmes (TPs) such as the Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP), assisted by their DRR Focal Points (WMO DRR FP RA-TC-TP), to: (a) (b) (c) Ensure that their workplans align with the DRR Roadmap; Map progress with relevant resolutions and decisions against the objectives of the DRR Roadmap and monitor its implementation with the help of quantitative indicators; Support the regional implementation of the WMO DRR Roadmap through facilitating the enhancement of national and trans-boundary multi-hazard early warning services of their Members, benefitting from regional support mechanisms, and establishing regional, if needed inter-regional, working groups on DRR to better address regional and national differences in capacities and region-specific hazards. 2.3 The Secretary-General was requested, amongst other things, to: (a) (b) (c) Make available the WMO DRR Roadmap in all official WMO languages; Plan priority activities to be conducted before the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress (Cg-18) in line with the DRR Roadmap and the plans of various WMO activities contributing to DRR, benefitting from the needs, priorities and resource requirements expressed e.g. in the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) and Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) documents and focusing on impact-based forecasts and actionable, risk-based warnings; Support the development, update, harmonization, cross-referencing and promotion of technical regulations, manuals, standards and guidelines by relevant technical commissions as well as the mobilization of expert advice for NMHSs and WMO global and regional centres with the support of projects such as those of the CREWS portfolio or those to be funded by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) along the four elements of effective early warning systems: (i) Disaster risk knowledge; (ii) Detection, monitoring, analysis and forecasting of the hazards and possible consequences; (iii) Warning dissemination and communication; and, (iv) Preparedness and response capabilities. 4 Recommendation 20 (EC-70) for submission to the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress (Cg-18).

85 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p. 4 Considerations to Develop a WMO Global Multi-Hazard Alert System (GMAS) 2.3 EC-70 also decided to further the concept of and gather additional user requirements on a Global Multi-Hazard Alert System (GMAS) to support Members (Decision 4). It requested the EC Working Group on DRR (EC WG/DRR) s Expert Group on GMAS (EG-GMAS) to gather additional GMAS user requirements according to the Plan developed by the EC WG/DRR (which in turn is based on the drafts developed by the EG-GMAS at its meetings held in October 2017 and March 2018 with support from the Secretariat) 5. This would allow for the development of options for the implementation of GMAS, including a full-featured option to meet all of the user requirements as well as a minimum viable product which delivers to a subset of prioritized requirements, for consideration by Cg-18. The Decision also called for the documentation of best practices in MHEWS of Members. 2.4 The Global Multi-hazard Alert System (GMAS) is a proposed resource that would provide WMO Members and other potential users with standardized, authoritative warnings and alerts issued by NMHSs for multiple hazards related to high-impact weather, water, ocean and climate events as well as with related information generated by NMHSs and WMO Global and Regional Centres. Introduced through Decision 3 (EC-69), GMAS is being developed under the auspices of the WMO technical commissions and regional associations and will be aligned with the roles and functions of the centres that make up the WMO Global Data Processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS). It could be built on the alert hub technology, prototyped by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Big Data Project. It would also leverage the WMO Information System (WIS) to maintain a repository of authorized warnings, alerts and related information and to distribute this information to authorized users. Using WIS would ensure that there are no costs for NMHSs in implementing this module of GMAS. It should further leverage existing subregional and regional warning mechanisms, such as Meteoalarm of the European Meteorological Services Network (EUMETNET), Meteoalert of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of the Russian Federation (Roshydromet), the South-East European Multi-Hazard Early Warning Advisory System (SEE- MHEWS-A) and GMAS Asia (Figure 1). 2.5 The World Weather Information Service (WWIS) 6 and the Severe Weather Information Centre (SWIC) 7 are considered as initial core components of GMAS. They will be developed further to provide a web-based user interface with a map display, ensuring the attribution of information to WMO and NMHSs as authoritative sources of warnings and alerts. This module is being developed by the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) as an in-kind contribution to the development of GMAS. Furthermore, the Worldwide Met-Ocean Information and Warning Service (WWMIWS) web portal hosted by Météo-France and aimed at shipping users already provides many of the functionalities included in the GMAS Concept in a simple, low cost but effective manner. Support to the United Nations and humanitarian agencies 2.6 Furthermore, Decision 5 (EC-70) called for the development of a coordination mechanism that enables easy access to authoritative information and provision of expert advice to the United Nations (UN) and humanitarian agencies (HAs) to respond to their immediate requests in anticipation of, and during or after hydrometeorological hazard situations. GMAS is expected to be a key resource for such a WMO Coordination Mechanism (WCM) to support UN and other HAs. 5 See the GMAS Concept/Strategy on the website of the Second (2018) Meeting of the WMO Executive Council Working Group on Disaster Risk Reduction (EC WG/DRR): as well as EC-70 INFs 3 and 3.2, included in Part II Progress Report available at

86 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p. 5 Figure 1: Schematic of the proposed concept for a WMO Global Multi-Hazard Alert System (GMAS) Status of the Development of Identifiers for Cataloguing High-Impact Weather, Water and Climate Events 2.7 Cg-17 in 2015 noted the need for better understanding of disaster risk, including the characteristics of hydrometeorological hazards, expressed in the international policy frameworks mentioned above. Cg-17 adopted Resolution 9 (Cg-17) through which it decided to standardize information on weather, water, climate, space weather and other related environmental hazards and risks, and develop identifiers for cataloguing extreme and highimpact weather, water and climate events. When fully implemented, this would enable WMO to offer its Members and the international community a standardized, continuously updated and global dataset of hazard and extreme event occurrences including the attribution to climate change. Subsequently, EC-68 in 2016 (Decision 4) established the WMO Inter-Programme Task Team on Cataloguing Extreme Weather, Water and Climate Events (IPTT-CEWWCE) to support the implementation of Resolution 9 (Cg-17). In this regard, WMO organized an international workshop on cataloguing and managing information on high-impact and extreme events from 20 to 22 November The workshop developed an innovative approach to cataloguing of such events which leverages international standards and that is versatile and flexible enough to account for complex relationships among various event types. 2.8 The approach centres on identifying events uniquely without a prior attribution to other events at the national, regional and global levels. This would be accomplished by assigning a universally unique identifier (UUID) 8 number to each event (Figure 2). The event UUID would contain several key parameters (Figure 3), such as event start and end times, spatial extent, event type. Other parameters provide context such as description, local identifier (e.g. local or regional names of storms), and links to other events (e.g. heavy rain to 8 A universally unique identifier (UUID) is a 128-bit number used to identify information in computer systems. Adoption of UUIDs and GUIDs is widespread, with many computing platforms providing support for generating them, and for parsing their textual representation

87 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p. 6 tropical cyclone) which enables the clustering of events (e.g. events linked to other events) to mirror larger scale (synoptic) phenomena. Each event and sub-event can have its own UUID, yet incorporating the UUIDs of associated events in any given event record allows the entire chain of events to be linked to each other, along with any associated data. Table 1 provides details on these attributes. Table 2 provides event types to be recorded in the parameter fields. Additional information about each event (relevant hydrometeorological parameters such as wind speeds, precipitation amounts, values of hydrometeorological indexes, etc.) can be stored in a separate database, also associated with the UUID. Importantly, authorities responsible for assessing and cataloguing information on loss and damage would be able to use the same UUID to associate this type of non-hydrometeorological information with the events. Figure 2: Assigning universally unique identifier (UUID) numbers to events. Figure 2: Key event parameters (parameters coloured in red are mandatory entries)

88 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p Event records at the national and regional levels would be stored in their respective standardized data centres. At the regional level though, a complete set of all event records at regional and national levels would be stored and a post analysis of events would be carried-out through aggregation (or clustering). This is a necessary step for understanding the geographical and physical factors explaining the origin, life-time and scale of events with cascading features that usually extend beyond the national scales. Quality control in partnership with loss and damage data custodians and stakeholders would then be necessary to verify and finalize event information entries (e.g. spatial area). Table 1: Event parameters (Fields with * are mandatory for recording) Parameter Format Description Comments UUID* Alphanumeric number UUID (32 character random sequence) (e.g aabbccddeeff) Record Date/Timestamp Creation* Identifier* Text Originator (Name of institution Institution that is recording the event that is recording the event) Start Time* Date/Timestamp End Time* Date/Timestamp Event Type* List (Controlled list see table below) System or primary Source of event (e.g. tropical cyclone) or primary (list of primary events) Area* Recognized spatial Area of event datatype Headline List (Controlled list, Text (e.g. hurricane, heatwave Highly recommended to enter Table 2) coastal flooding, hurricane) Description Text (Up to 240 characters) Open description text Description of event such as max temp, highest wind speed, Category Linkage Alphanumeric number strings UUID reference link to source events UUID of other events considered as source events (e.g. Tropical cyclone) Status Indicate status of record In progress / Complete Post processing Quality control, verification Not started / Ongoing / Validated Table 2: Event types (comprising both primary hazards and the weather systems that they originate from), as defined by the WMO Event Type List 9 Primary Rain Snow Temperature Hail Fog Wind Frost Ice Haze Headline Hoar frost Gale Heavy rain Extreme precipitation Hurricane Typhoon Ice Storm Snowstorm Squall Tropical storm Strong gale Subtropical Storm Hydrological drought Meteorological drought Dust Sand Lighting Tornado Drought Floods Marine Waves Avalanche Thunderstorms 10 System Cyclonic cyclone) Anti-cyclonic (e.g. Tropical, Extra-tropical cyclone, mid-latitude Convective (thunderstorms) Coastal flood Estuarine flood Flash flood Fluvial (riverine) flood Ice and debris-jam flood Pluvial flood Ground water flood Snowmelt flood Glacial lake outburst Sand haze Sand storm Dust storm Black carbon Brown clouds Pollen pollution episode Polluted air Blizzard Dry Spell Wet Spell Cold wave Heatwave Landslide/Mudslide Mud flow Acid rain Storm surges Tsunami Avalanche Downburst 9 Available at: 10 Thunderstorm warnings will form part of the primary hazard list with an asterisk* denoting that in terms of recording the event a thunderstorm will be registered as a system not as a primary hazard. This will also apply to cyclonic systems, such as named tropical cyclones (Hurricanes, Typhoons etc.)

89 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p At the seventeenth session of the Regional Association VI (Europe), RA-VI-17, in February 2018, the Association decided to test the proposed approach for cataloguing highimpact events, starting in 2018 and continuing over a sufficient period to deliver results and recommendations relevant for operationalization of the approach. The test phase was kicked off at a meeting at the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) in Offenbach, Germany, in July 2018, and the initial proposal was modified to ensure synergy with the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) 2.0 (under development). Through Recommendation 1, EC-70 recommended that the proposed approach, with the necessary refinement as per the conclusions and lessons learnt of the test phase, be submitted to Cg-18 in June 2019 for consideration and adoption. Outcomes of the First Multi-Hazard Early Warning Conference (MHEWC-I) and Follow-up, including Preparations for the MHEWC-II in May The First Multi-Hazard Early Warning Conference (MHEWC-I) 11 was held in Cancún, Mexico, from 22 to 23 May 2017 as a preparatory meeting to the 2017 Global Platform for DRR. Organized by the International Network for Multi-Hazard Early Systems (IN-MHEWS), the Conference aimed to demonstrate to countries how they can improve the availability of, and their communities access to, multi-hazard early warning and risk information/assessment (as expressed in Target g) of the Sendai Framework). It defined an approach to establish national baselines on early warning systems to be used by government agencies to report on advances in early warning efforts on a periodic basis. A main goal was therefore to take stock of current level single and multi-hazard early warning systems, i.e. their effectiveness, related actors and partnerships, coordination mechanisms, partnerships and gaps The Conference also: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Advocated and promoted the broadening of the scope of early warning, risk information and assessment to address multiple hazards and risks; Promoted best practices for warnings to reach to people in need for timely action, including especially the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) standard for all hazards alerting across all kinds of media; Leveraged progress in the development of observation and monitoring systems, the use of Big Data and the strengthening of capacities to use information and communication technology, particularly for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and SIDS; Identified the requirements of MHEWS to comply to end-to-end systems and interoperability with local, national and regional scales through the development of a an updated Checklist for MHEWS 12 ; and, Examined trans-boundary and regional issues in developing and disseminating early warnings IN-MHEWS is planning to organize a MHEWC-II from 13 to 14 May 2019 in Geneva hosted by WMO, during the preparatory days of the 2019 Global Platform for DRR 13. The focus will be on collecting good practices and providing guidance to countries on implementing MHEWS and measuring progress with Target g) of the Sendai Framework the target for which reporting is the weakest

90 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p. 9 Capacity Development Projects to Strengthen Early Warning and Disaster Risk Management in RA V 2.14 Achieving Long-term Goal 1 of the draft WMO Strategic Plan , namely to Better serve societal needs: delivering, authoritative, accessible, user-oriented and fit-forpurpose information and services relies on progress with Earth system observations and predictions (Goal 2), targeted research (Goal 3), closing the capacity gap between NMHSs (Goal 4), and strategic realignment of WMO structures and programmes (Goal 5). Thus, capacity development for Members and their NMHSs largely realized through extrabudgetary funded projects is key Individual donor countries or multi-donor trust funds such as CREWS and the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Trust Fund for Tsunami, Disaster and Climate Preparedness are funding a number of projects that target or involve the NMHSs in RA V. Many of them are implemented through the WMO Secretariat, but also by other international agencies, development banks and regional/national organizations (see RA V-17 INF 4(3)). These projects support the implementation of core WMO programmes and their flagship projects, such as the Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project (SWFDP), Flash Flood Guidance System (FFGS), Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP), etc. in addition to the regular budget. Knowing which projects are being implemented, and the partners and NMHSs that implemented them, allows WMO to prioritize investments and align with WMO development partners in order to have the highest impact and avoid duplication. These projects address capacity development and infrastructure needs and foster partnerships. 3. Items for discussion 3.1 RA V is invited to: (a) (b) (c) (d) Identify how to align its Operating Plan and other regional work plans with the international and regional frameworks relevant for DRR as well as with the draft WMO Strategic Plan and the WMO DRR Roadmap; Strengthen its regional partnership, especially with respect to MHEWS, and continue to engage its Members NMHSs at the highest level of their national DRR and climate change adaptation mechanisms and include representatives of NMHSs in their national delegations to the Regional and Global Platforms for DRR and other key stakeholder fora; Revisit its working mechanisms for DRR and consider establishing a working group on DRR, possibly in close cooperation with RA II (Asia) and others, to better address regional and national differences in capacities and region-specific hazards; and, Continue to nominate WMO DRR Focal Points of its Members (through their NMHSs) which will be recorded in the WMO Country Profile Database (CPDB), as requested by Decision 3 (EC-68), and who will assist with monitoring the implementation of the WMO DRR Roadmap. 3.2 The RA V Working Groups and also the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC) Panels are invited to actively engage in the development and implementation of comprehensive and integrated capacity development projects to ensure that they really address the needs of Members. The development and delivery of services by the NMHSs targeted by DRR-related capacity development activities need to consider the uniqueness of national and local sociocultural conditions, including indigenous knowledge, gender aspects and increased participation of younger generations and persons with disabilities in order to sustain resilience levels. Members are also encouraged to make use of the WMO Country Profile Database (CPDB) to inform the Secretariat and other Members about on-going projects that their NMHS is involved in.

91 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(1), p RA V Members are further invited to contribute to MHEWC-II through voluntary and/or in-kind contributions and participation of NMHS staff. Examples from the Members experiences and practices and from CREWS and GFCS projects, including the Severe Weather Forecasting and DRR Demonstration Project (SWFDDP) partly funded by CREWS, could be presented. 3.4 RA V Members are further invited to test the methodology for the cataloguing of high-impact weather, water and climate events in RA V, as recommended by EC-70, and provide feedback on the outcomes to the EC WG/DRR, benefitting from the pilot phase conducted in RA VI (Europe). 3.5 RA V Working Groups and Members are also invited to support the further development of the concept for the WMO GMAS as a driver and vehicle for capacity development activities at national and regional levels and for efficient outreach to and recognition from key regional and global users and stakeholders, especially humanitarian organizations and agencies. Gathering their requirements on a GMAS will be essential for its success. 3.6 Lastly, RA V Members and the WMO Regional Centres in RA V are invited to contribute to the development of, and participate in, a WMO Coordination Mechanism that enables easy access to authoritative information and provision of expert advice to the UN and other HAs to respond to their immediate requests in anticipation of, and during or after hydrometeorological hazardous situations.

92 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4) Submitted by: Secretary-General 27.IX.2018 SEAMLESS GLOBAL DATA PROCESSING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1. Background The Resolution 11 (Cg-17) (1) decided to move towards a future enhanced integrated and seamless WMO Data-processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) and requested the Executive Council to formulate Terms of Reference for this process, and a description of the set of products the system should produce for consideration by Cg-18. The Executive Council established a Steering Group on Seamless GDPFS to be co-chaired by the President of Commission of Basic Systems (CBS) and President of Commission of Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) to address the implementation of the Resolution 11 (Cg-17). The Steering Group was to be composed of representatives of TCs and RAs. The Steering Group met twice in 2016, in particular in November 2016 to bring their progress to the attention of 16 th Session of CBS. This included a white paper and an outline of the S/GDPFS IP. The Vision was approved at EC-68. Subsequently, the Co-chairs decided to establish a Drafting Team for the Implementation Plan which met in December 2017 to tackle the development of the IP. The results of their work was presented successfully to PTC/PRA in January 2018 and at Technical Conference (TECO) and CBS MG at the end of March The draft IP was developed further, integrating comments and suggestions from SG S/GDPFS, TECO and CBS MG and Science Steering Committee (March 2018). The draft IP available in Annex 1 will continue to be finetuned with specific activities to carry inputs from all stakeholders. Use-cases examples are also provided in Annex 2 to help understand the functions of the future S/GDPFS. 2. Collaboration The implementation of the new Manual on GDPFS (WMO-No. 485) combined with the implementation of the seamless GDPFS offer new opportunities for collaboration across WMO. In particular, CBS-MG endorsed the effort between CBS and Commission for Climatology (CCl) to integrate operational functions of Climate Service Information System (CSIS) into GDPFS and to expand the Global Producing Centre (GPC) portfolio to cover subseasonal forecast on the global scale. Plan is to integrate with the core functions of CSIS encompassing climate data, climate monitoring, climate prediction and climate projection, and to evolve GDPFS to include a new class of Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres (RSMCs) to include (i) centres that maintain Climate Reanalysis, and (ii) centres that provide Climate Monitoring on global scale. Annexes: 2

93 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 2 ANNEX 1 Future Global Data Processing and Forecasting System Implementation Plan This Implementation Plan is built on the current GDPFS structure, considered as a baseline. It identifies Action Areas that represent the main directions to improve the present GDPFS, and pilot projects that act as benchmarks to explore new services, their delivery and the underpinning science. 1. Introduction / Motivation Accurate weather, ocean, water, climate and other related environmental information is critical to enable humanity to prepare for and protect itself against natural disasters as well as to ensure the safety and efficiency of not only day-to-day socio-economic activities but sustainable long-term planning and decision-making as well. On the scale of minutes to days, knowledge of current and forecast river discharges and water levels, temperature, wind, precipitation, ocean variables (e.g. waves, currents, temperature, salinity) and air quality conditions can inform everything from emergency managers responding to disasters, to airlines in flight planning, to an individual deciding what to do and what clothes to wear on a given day. On scales of weeks to months, environmental predictions can help inform farmers as to the best crops to plant for the coming season, water managers to effectively manage reservoir levels and flows of waterways, tourism-related industries to plan for the most appropriate and profitable activities, maritime transport companies to plan safe and optimal routes, coastal managers to get alerts and better plan coastal protection. Longer term climate reanalyses for the past and projections in the future related to the expected return periods of extreme weather, water, ocean and environmental conditions inform building codes, renewable energy emplacements and infrastructure investments. In addition, expected long-term changes in ocean levels, temperature, salinity and currents can inform coastal communities in future planning and fisheries in sustainable operations. These are a few examples of how environmental information is necessary and useful but, in fact, the data by itself can only take one so far. Only when combined with other data related to exposure and vulnerability, economics and society, the true power of the information can be exploited for enhanced understanding of the expected impacts of the environmental conditions and then be used to improve the safety, security and competitiveness of citizens and economies in a sustainable way. The effect of environmental conditions on society is demonstrably increasing as the climate changes, as populations move to mega-cities, as populations increasingly encroach onto flood plains, as reliance on infrastructure grows and as the connectivity of the modern world becomes essential to food production, water supply protection and overall quality of life. The damage to lives and property have increased in absolute terms as a result of extreme weather and increasing drought, rising sea level and other climate change effects. Recent scientific and technological advances bring new opportunities for the provision of environmental information but also present new challenges. While advanced observing systems provide a wealth of data that is a challenge to utilise, there are still many crucial aspects of the Earth System that are inadequately observed. Social media provides access to contextual information and dissemination mechanisms but can be a challenge to keep up with given its explosive growth and innovation. High performance computing platforms allow us to tackle previously unsolvable problems but present new challenges for software infrastructure of numerical models themselves and for the accessibility and dissemination of the resulting information. Probabilistic prediction systems produce a vast amount of data requiring new technologies and methodologies for analysis and applications. These technologies are resulting in automation of routine tasks and the development of humanmachine interaction interfaces based on artificial intelligence and it is only a matter of time before the fusion of weather, climate, water and environmental information, big data

94 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 3 technologies and business applications will change the way people and businesses utilise these data. This is fundamentally impacting the way meteorology and hydrology are conducted and information is delivered globally, thus forcing WMO Members and partners to rethink the business models, recruitment and training strategies and partnerships at the global, regional and national levels. 2. Background Fifty-five years ago, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), recognizing the global nature of the environment, conceived and implemented three components of a World Weather Watch (WWW) to monitor and predict the state of the atmosphere and enable the provision of weather services around the world: the Global Observing System (GOS) was established to provide detailed current conditions through real-time observation and monitoring of the atmosphere; the Global Data Processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) brought a network of operational centres operated by WMO Members together to make defined weather products and services operationally available to WMO Members and relevant operational organizations; and the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) was the wiring that provided the means to manage, exchange and share data and information, thus enabling the global nature of the WWW. The three components of the WWW are evolving given advances in science and technology and the evolving needs of society. As the GOS evolves into the WMO Integrated GOS (WIGOS) and the GTS into the WMO Information System (WIS), the GDPFS needs to evolve based on: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The need to move beyond the World Weather Watch in order to address societal needs for relevant, coherent and authoritative weather, water climate and other related environmental information; The trend toward Earth system modelling to provide prediction and analysis products at all timescales and to all sectors and applications that require such information; The opportunity to leverage the recent unprecedented improvement in the availability of computing power and the improving accuracy and forecast leadtime of Numerical Prediction on across a wide range of time and space scales. The future GDPFS will need to place even greater emphasis on probabilistic forecasting and coupled Earth system modelling to improve predictions over all time scales (from nowcasting to subseasonal and seasonal); The need to consider the increasing role of the private sector in the global weather enterprise and rethink engagement with partners (e.g. UN Environment Programme, International Civil Aviation Organization, WHO, IEA, IAEA etc.); and The need for increased effectiveness and efficiency in delivering on the core purpose of WMO. The Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress (Cg-17, Resolution 11 Addendum 1) decided to initiate a process for the gradual establishment of a future enhanced integrated and seamless WMO Data-processing and Forecasting System and, among other things, requested Executive Council to submit a comprehensive report on the integrated and seamless WMO Data-processing and Forecasting System to Eighteenth Congress. Subsequently, the sixty-eighth Session of WMO Executive Council (EC-68, 2016) Decision 55 Addendum 2) decided to establish a Steering Group to address Resolution 11 (Cg-17) and EC-69 (2017) requested that it Complete the Implementation Plan of the seamless Data-Processing and Forecasting System for consideration by the Executive Council at its seventeenth session (2018).

95 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Present status of the GDPFS The GDPFS is an international mechanism that coordinates Member capacities to prepare and make meteorological analyses and forecast products available to all Members. It enables delivery of harmonized services related to weather, climate, water and the related environment forecasting on different scales and for specialized applications such as emergency responses to nuclear accidents and space weather forecasts during CME events. It is currently organized as a network of Global, Regional and National-level Centres that produce a variety of defined outputs primarily related to weather and climate for specialized applications such as emergency response to nuclear accidents and space weather forecasts during solar events. This network, as of March 2018, consists of: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 8 World Meteorological Centres (WMC); 26 Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres (RSMC) with Geographical Specialization, 23 with General Purpose Activity and 19 for Specialized Activity; 13 Global Producing Centres for Long-range Forecasts (GPCLRF); 8 Regional Climate Centres (RCC) and 3 Regional Climate Centre-Networks; 5 Lead Centres (LC) for non-real-time coordination activities: one Centre each for coordination of Long-range Forecast (LRF) verification, Multi-model Ensemble; Deterministic NWP verification (DNV), EPS verification and Annual to Decadal Climate Prediction (ACDP). The GDPFS is organized as a three-level system to carry out functions at global, regional and national levels: World Meteorological Centre (WMC) / Global Producing Centre (GPC), Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre / Regional Climate Centre (RSMC / RCC) and National Meteorological Centre (NMC)

96 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 5 The GDPFS has proven to be an effective mechanism to make these modeling and prediction capabilities available to countries that do not have them so that they can provide better meteorological services to their populations. This is achieved, in most cases, by taking high value information from advanced centres and passing it on to less advanced countries through Regional Centres, and tailored to their needs and capabilities. However, more and more, the private sector is becoming active in the delivery of value-added meteorological and related services around the world. The growth of the Cloud, the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the growing application of machine-learning techniques to climate and ocean data and the explosion of data availability from the Internet of Things (IoT) and new space-borne platforms (both traditional public-funded missions and private-funded missions and micro-sat constellations) as well as the rapid growth of social and other media as innovative ways of disseminating and accessing information, is leading to many non-traditional ways of generating and delivering weather, water and climate data. There are also growing capabilities outside of the current GDPFS that develop environmental-oriented services, such as atmospheric composition forecasting (e.g. Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Services). Moreover, many forecast products are becoming available from the academic sector, research institutions and NGOs, calling for linkages and integration in order to guarantee better services to Members. The GDPFS evolution needs to take place in order to allow generation and delivery in areas beyond the original paradigm of weather delivery system. It must take advantage of these technological and social developments in order to increase its usefulness and maintain its relevance to Members, or traditional forecasting operations will not be able to keep up with ever-growing data volumes from ever increasing complexities in forecast systems and increased expectations of customers and stakeholders, while continuing to ensure data are made available to those who are unable to generate or access this information. It is also important to note that products based on outputs from multiple WMCs are routinely being used even in countries with advanced centers such as WMCs. Operational multi-model products and services combining outputs from more than one WMC are in place, such as the North American Ensemble Forecasting System (NAEFS). Furthermore, even in countries having access to a WMC, forecasters routinely consider forecasts from multiple WMCs in order to improve the guidance. Although the data sharing mechanisms are not perfect, the value of this exchange of information is already clear to forecasters and some end-users 4. Vision for a future integrated, seamless GDPFS EC-68 endorsed a Vision for a future Seamless Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (S/GDPFS) with the following characteristics: (a) (b) (c) Building on the existing architecture, the future S/GDPFS will become a flexible and adaptable ecosystem of independent centres that will expand and strengthen prediction of the environment, making impact-based forecasts and risk-based warnings accessible, thus enabling Members and partners to make better-informed decisions; The S/GDPFS will provide standardized state-of-the-art interfaces to facilitate partnerships and collaboration globally and regionally among jurisdictions, academia and the private sector to access and make available related information of relevance to the mandate of WMO across all timescales and domains of the Earth system; The S/GDPFS will, as much as possible, share authoritative weather, water, climate and related environmental data, products and services freely and openly and in a viable and sustainable way, ensuring no Members are left behind.

97 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 6 Common User Interface Platform Product Verification Rolling Review of User Requir. Seamless GDPFS Advances & science pullthrough to operations Broaden Cascading Process (Timescale/ Applications) Designation of new-type of Centres Figure 1: Schematic of the Future GDPFS As stated in the draft WMO strategic plan for , the fundamental responsibility of GDPFS (Strategic Objective 2.3) will be to enable access to and use of the state-of-the-art numerical analysis and prediction products at all temporal and spatial scales. The purpose of a GDPFS is therefore: to identify and develop new approaches by anticipating emerging technologies and techniques; helping to define new roles for meteorologists and hydrologists in optimizing the human/ machine mix to extract insight and value from the wealth of model and observational data; learning from the wider world of academic and private sector science and technology; recognizing and nurturing NMHS s existing capabilities and those that need to be developed, and initiating the establishment of the new partnerships with the other relevant areas. This in turn, will enable the hydrometeorological community in collaboration with partners to better serve the needs of their customers and key stakeholders. Assessment of evolving capabilities combined with insight into the requirements of meteorologists, climatologists, hydrologists and environmental scientists and their user communities will be a vital component of a future S/GDPFS, but so too will be the role of research for pull-through of new observational and predictive capabilities into operations and to feed the needs of users back into research (the so-called R2O and O2R functions). Using these new approaches will quickly address some of the greater forecasting challenges. These time-bounded activities will need to assemble experts from across the disciplines within WMO and beyond to solve problems and deliver useful, beneficial cross-compartment solutions. One may imagine an S/GDPFS in 2035, with the following attributes: (a) (b) (c) (d) The overall accuracy of state of the art global weather prediction models has improved enough to add 1.5 days of overall predictability. Global models have resolutions below 5 km, and mesoscale models significantly below 1 km, down to a few tens of meters in urban areas for example; There is a greater emphasis on probabilistic forecasting and coupled Earth system modelling to improve predictions over longer-time scales and climate simulations and sub-seasonal and seasonal time scales are skillful enough to support more human activities than ever before; The system enables not only prediction, but historic and contemporary analyses as well; The system has evolved through partnership agreements that allow it to absorb or carry information produced either by the private sector or other organizations related to the traditional NMHSs;

98 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 7 (e) (f) Embedded in the design of the system is an interactive real-time feedback communication capacity between the providers and the receivers of the data and products that effectively accomplishes a continual review of user requirements that informs research directions and product development; Most, or even all, of this information is accessible as a public good product to all WMO members and their partners, and most of this information is available either in native format as input to Decision Support Systems, or directly as impact information. It is disseminated and presented in accordance with users formats using point to point, or increasingly, cloud to point communication broadband technologies. It is quality controlled, validated and has metadata information associated. In the case of forecast information, it is verified. All this requires a strong coordination with other WMO initiatives. Earth System Prediction: the seamless vision The grand challenge of accelerating advances in Earth system observation, analysis, and prediction capabilities was postulated by Shapiro et al. (2010). In this context seamless prediction was introduced for sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction to span the boundary between weather and climate (Brunet et al. 2010). These authors extended the use of seamless beyond the realm of atmospheric predictions to include the consideration of biophysical, medical, and socioeconomic factors pertinent to successful decision making. At the World Weather Open Science Conference (2014) seamless prediction was used more generally to cover timescales from minutes to months, considering all compartments of the Earth System including hydrology and atmospheric composition, and linking to users, applications and social sciences Seamlessness is now viewed as a useful concept to express the need for information for users, stakeholders, decision makers that is smooth and consistent across the artificial barriers that exist because the information comes from different observing systems, models, time and space scales, or compartments of the earth system. Thus, in the context of WMO, seamless prediction considers not only all compartments of the Earth system, but also all disciplines of the weather climate water environment value cycle (monitoring and observation, models, forecasting, end-user products, dissemination and communication, perception and interpretation, decision-making) to deliver tailor-made weather, climate, water and environmental information covering minutes to centuries and local to global scales. 5. Implementation Pathway This implementation Plan lays out, at a high level, the areas in which action must be taken in order to develop the S/GDPFS system, deliver the necessary research and innovation and enhance the accessibility of the information. A number of overarching challenges are described that need to be addressed as part of the implementation process. Furthermore, in order to close the gap between science and services, the need for a new interactive model linking science and services is emphasized. There will be specific well-defined projects over four-year increments (including a lookahead to the subsequent four years) to align with the WMO planning schedule. A key part of the implementation of the future S/GDPFS will be the definition and carrying out of benchmarks, pilot projects and test beds. These can, for example, allow some of the more challenging aspects to be tested in a research or quasi-operational setting. Some of these will address overarching challenges or be associated directly with the Action Areas for System, Research and Innovation or Accessibility. Others will be cross-cutting in nature. Many projects currently underway are implicitly linked with the implementation of a S/GDPFS and will be highlighted in text boxes throughout this plan along with other proposed pilots. These projects can serve to demonstrate that we are already headed down a path of implementation and can represent early wins following formal approval of this IP by Congress.

99 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 8 Priorities for the implementation will be set based on some key criteria including: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Providing information urgently needed for decision making Ensuring the relevance of services provided by WMO members Making global infrastructure available regionally and locally combined with localregional input feeding back to improve the system Responding to specific geographical needs Building on existing and emerging data platforms and activities A fundamental premise of the implementation plan is to improve and build on the solid foundation of the current GDPFS system whilst extending it to allow for new capabilities and deliver seamless Earth System services. This implementation plan will be further developed and refined in preparation for submission to Cg-18, responding to the decisions of EC-70, in close consultation with the WMCs and RSMCs, and taking input from all relevant WMO programmes, from the WMO Technical Commissions and Regional Associations and from associated programmes and external partners. This initial consultation process will also help develop a process for continued collaboration during the implementation phase Overarching and Cross-cutting Issues Business Model and Governance The business model and governance for the future S/GDPFS will facilitate the development of flexible and timely services, and open new perspectives for win-win solutions between regional, global, national and transnational partners. It will demonstrate how a broad spectrum of users will concretely benefit from interoperability, coordination, and integration. The GDPFS Manual will evolve so as to articulate this business model, ensuring the proper links to other WMO components, and have built in processes and mechanisms to ensure flexibility, sustainability and long-term relevance. Governance mechanisms will be improved to identify and fill internal gaps in capabilities, avoid proliferation of centres to avoid duplication of effort, and sharpen the WMO centre designation process while allowing it to broaden coverage to include Earth system compartments. Some key activities are: (a) (b) (c) A Steering Group for implementation of the S/GDPFS has already been established and has sought the necessary EC approvals along the way. It is expected that EC 70 will approve taking this plan to Cg 18 for approval. The Manual on GDPFS has been updated to include designation of new Centres and is also in the approvals process. Project 1: Establishing the governance Developing a framework in which the national and regional partners in the S/GDPFS contribute to improving the quality of the predictions at all levels (global, regional and local) through provision of data and through contributing their expertise to identifying deficits in the forecasts and developing impact models; Ensuring the contribution to WMO strategy for Public-Private Partnerships based on the guidance from EC and Congress; and Enhancing the specification of products and services delivered by the S/GDPFS.

100 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Quality Management System All facilities of the future S/GDPFS platform will adhere to a Quality Management System and will be regularly audited by the WMO secretariat for compliance with designation criteria so as to best meet the requirements of users. Verification procedures will be established with reporting and tracking of product quality. Mechanisms will be developed to identify end users and obtain their feedback and initiate activities to provide the necessary improvements. These user-feedback mechanisms and the involvement of the operational forecast desk in evaluating S/GDPFS products will ensure continuous improvement of services and assist Members to achieve the standards required by the QMS Training and Educational Activities A strategy to develop a skilled, trained, knowledgeable, innovative and diverse workforce will be implemented. The recognition of the critical need for skilled personnel in key components of seamless prediction from research to operations and services will result in a stronger emphasis on entraining early career scientists into WMO activities and providing them with attractive career paths to meet needs and requirements for the future. The development of the S/GDPFS will be accompanied by training methodologies to increase the capacity within NMHSs and other end users to use platforms, information and tools at all levels from global to local. Particular focus will be on novel web-based E-Learning modules, apps and a range of other tools reflecting best practice. Coordination with other technical programmes (e.g. PWS for competencies and service delivery, ETR) will be required for success Partnership and Resources Facing the challenges for developing the future S/GDPFS necessitates a move away from an isolated view on each major component, both of the Earth system and of the weather enterprise. Substantial work is required to better connect different elements of the Earth System especially addressing exchange processes at different interfaces and complex feedbacks. Key sectors of the weather enterprise and their interfaces have to be identified and ideas that enable a smooth interaction across the interfaces have to be developed jointly by all players involved. Examples for this are, among others, the interaction between the Earth system science community and the reinsurance sector or the aviation industry, or satellite developers and users of advanced satellite data. Such a co-designed process that connects all relevant components of research and applications, and the key contributors, can be of mutual benefit to all parties involved, but some The TT Centre Audit of OPAG-DPFS is reviewing the WMO Technical Report on GDPFS and NWP Research in consideration of the revision of the Manual and the proposed audit procedure and will propose a revised reporting mechanism using the Country Profile Data Base. Project 2: Establishing a Quality Management System Use the Flagship Polar Prediction Project to look at the stakeholder requirements with the aim of identifying how the future requirements might develop across a range of time and space scales. Project 3: Assessing future multiscale requirements: efforts might be required to move toward such an approach. Ways have to be sought to get all key value-cycle contributors involved to create a culture of co-designing a common vision and clearly defining the responsibilities in implementation for the future of environmental information as well as its availability, usage and dissemination. Networks allow people with different kinds of knowledge and ways of tackling problems to cross-fertilize ideas which in turn drive innovations. To implement the future S/GDPFS, this networking must be leveraged to promote innovation in the Earth system sciences and a better link to be established between WMO activities and related existing initiatives.

101 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 10 Establishing a culture of co-designing future activities that involves all players may also facilitate achieving some of the Sustainable Development Goals. It could further leverage access to financial resources, for example, from the societal sectors where effective user engagement is taking place or from international funding structures (World Bank, Green Climate Fund, Global Environmental Fund, regional banks, national authorities). This co-designed process needs to work not only at the global level but also at the regional and local levels System and Services Action Areas Integration and Customization The operational predictive capability of the future S/GDPFS will be integrated across multiple time and space scales from weather to climate and address a broader spectrum of user needs, recognizing that this requires an Earth System modelling approach (Atmosphere, Land, Ocean, rivers, lakes, Ice, Atmospheric Composition and Chemistry, vegetation, soil and cities ) including an effective representation of uncertainties and interfaces through the exploitation of a diverse set of observations. It will provide the data, information and re-usable content needed to analyze and predict the environment in a consistent and harmonized way. The flexibility to provide different options such as generation of tailored products from large ensemble datasets for specific user needs or providing Earth System Service requirements on demand will be explored. Through this action area, WMO will evaluate and foster the development of services using the outputs and results of the Quality Management System (QMS) which will assess the technical and scientific quality of the service including the value to Members and users Near-term Priorities and Actions 1. Model/components Interfaces: analysis of best solutions and definition of standards amongst other things focusing on linking different kinds of models and quantification/definition of uncertainties; 2. Seamless Verification contributing to Quality Management implementation - protocols and layers: definition of verification standards and verification layers (inter-comparisons, components, system, minimum skills to be applied to the system), benchmarking in one or more pilots; integration of WIGOS monitoring tools; integration of JCOMM practices and standards; A pilot activity envisaged under the auspices of Global Atmosphere Watch to develop monitoring, analysis and forecasting systems from Pan-African to Urban scale to inform populations of expected acute pollution events. Project 3: Develop Integrated Air Quality Prediction and Forecast Systems in Africa: 3. Data Store Infrastructure and Analytics: Work on partnership for improved solutions, exploring existing solutions (i.e. tools developed under the Earth System Grid Federation) and possible way to integrate them; 4. Customization: development of procedures for relocatable higher resolution capability and development of elements of a business plan to engage key stakeholders for targeted system applications (see overarching challenges); and 5. Toolbox: Survey of all existing facilities and proposal to interoperability. This will allow users to tailor the information, making use of the data store content to analyze, monitor and predict the environment and its impacts.

102 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Mid to Longer Term Actions 1. Model/components Interfaces: developing a framework that allows integration of different models and model components across weather, climate, water, ocean and other environmental components while ensuring that these are well configured and compatible; improving meteorological-ocean modeling capability and forecasting capacity using fully integrated met-hydro-ocean systems for coastal management; 2 Seamless Verification and Quality Management - protocols and layers: establish consolidated seamless methods for weather, climate, water, ocean, atmospheric composition models to enter the operational cycles, and pre-operational phase of verification system; 3. Data Store, Infrastructures and Analytics: consolidated solution at global and regional and basin scale; integration of all WIGOS observations; integration of available analysis tools (ex. existing libraries); web services applications for the development of weather, climate, water and environmental information; 4. Customization: Extension to hydrological prediction of higher resolution capability that can be deployed at the basin scale by a number of countries with support from regional centres. Extension to atmospheric composition of a relocatable higher resolution capability that can be deployed by a number of countries with support regional centres; and 5. Engine-Toolbox: Implementation phase Interoperability The future S/GDPFS will be able to exchange and use data from a variety of sources, including vulnerability and exposure data to facilitate impact-based forecasting and riskbased warnings across different disciplines. Interoperability will also require the development of common data formats for new technologies such as data from cars, home weather stations, smartphones, allowing users to combine numerical environmental prediction data, information and content with other third-party data as well as the latest science to develop authoritative, quality assured advice of the future state of the environment in a cloud environment. WIS and WIGOS could play relevant role in fully or partly implementing this component Near-term Priorities and Actions 1. Data standards and formats: An open discussion resulting in an implementation plan on data formats and a uniform criterion for the required metadata across the different communities, with reference to existing conventions (i.e., Climate and Forecast Convention, WMO standards, OGC etc.), while keeping the system technology-neutral; 2. Metadata infrastructure: an implementation plan on required metadata across the different communities (hydrology, weather and atmospheric composition, climate, ocean) that favours the provenance of the data. Interacting with WIS and private sectors on potential near-term solutions; 3. Distribution: develop a plan for distributed data and processes and their interoperability among Global and Regional centers; identify important data discovery concepts; and 4. Scalability: develop a plan for scalability of systems considering large repositories of geospatial data (such as vegetation, high resolution soil type etc.) stored in different locations and in various formats, and a variety of model's codes. Economies of scale and scope are achieved through interoperability based upon open standards.

103 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Mid to Longer Term Actions 1. Data standards and formats: implementation of data formats and APIs bridging across formats; 2. Metadata infrastructure: benchmark and implementation of metadata solutions enabling semantic mediation; 3. Distribution: Discoverable data with meta data allowing extraction of the data with standard tools in place; and 4. Scalability: pilot for scalability of systems considering large repositories of geospatial data stored in different locations and in various formats, and a variety of model's codes Coordination and Regulations The future S/GDPFS will benefit from a higher level of coordination internally (for the integration and interaction of individual components - WMC, RSMC, NMC), other WMO systems (e.g. the GFCS Climate Services Information System) and with external agencies and organizations. The introduction of a revised and evolving Manual on GDPFS will continue to promote the exchange of information and expertise and guarantee balanced coordination including extension over other disciplines and services Near Term Priorities and Actions 1. Internal coordination mechanisms: establish flexible mechanisms based on the way the system operates to be designed or adapted so that its interfaces support interoperability with other systems; 2. Coordination Board: establish a coordination board that links to internal and external relevant initiatives; create a roadmap that allows establishing clear synergies between the existing weather forecasting, climate prediction, hydrological, marine, atmospheric composition and other communities; and 3. Coordination policies: develop policies on data sharing and distributions, codes sharing, etc. Pilot projects would empower neighbouring countries to work together on specific areas of mutual interest. A partnership could be built around the new RSMC on nowcasting in Japan and the existing SWFDP to co-design activities, develop products of mutual benefit and work together on verification. Such projects can draw on experience from existing activities such as the SWFDPs and Regional Climate Outlook Forums. Project 5: Developing and strengthening regional partnerships 4. Continuous evolution of the Manual on GDPFS through inclusion of hydrological centres Mid to Longer Term Actions 1. Internal coordination mechanisms: a federated system where countries combine to bring critical mass and HPC to serve joint interests 2. Coordination Board: oversee coordination board described above including the impact community considering procedures, standards, schedules and objectives. 3. Coordination policies: Continued development and maintenance of policies.

104 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Research and Innovation Action Areas Science for Services The Research & Innovation component of S/GDFPS will ensure strengthen the science linkages among compartments of the Earth system to allow the spawning the development of novel operational products, exploit predictability on all time-space scales, adapt to emerging technologies, and promote socio-economic research within the Earth System enterprise value cycle (see definition of seamless prediction in section 4 above). Key elements are modularity and operational-oriented development of modeling and data tools, open-source strategy together with a specific datapolicy for science, and tailored data for advancing earth system models. Reliable access to quality-controlled global data and models for research purposes are essential, through a 2-way approach where research can contribute and beta-test new modeling capabilities. A well-established rolling review to understand user requirements in all socio-economic sectors that also collects requirements outside of the WMO domain acts as a key input to research in support of the development of impact-based, user-focused services: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Implement a value cycle approach to set research priorities, using knowledge of predictability to focus research efforts in areas where success is expected; Co-design operational projects that rely on research advances; Develop an integrated approach for research programmes spanning weather, climate, water and environment; Engage with research funding agencies; Pilot projects in the field of big data and analytics currently underway in Canada and the US could be used to demonstrate the potential of bringing these private sector applications to the data. Project 6: Develop Public-Private Partnerships Ensure availability of data / models / tools for research purposes Near-term Priorities and Actions 1. Interact with users, stakeholders and decision makers to determine the value cycle for the key services required by WMO members and identify the corresponding research priorities; 2. Ensure that these priorities are addressed in the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW), World Weather Research Programme (WWRP), World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) implementation plans; 3. Discuss common methodologies for services in all components of Earth System (e.g. weather, climate and hydrological ) forecasting, identify common and diverging users and vocabularies; and 4. Identify areas where access to observations, predictions and projections is not available for research purposes and work with WMO members to remove these restrictions Mid to Longer Term Actions Establish a culture of co-design that includes a path to impacts from the early stages of project design, taking into account the research spectrum from fundamental to applied. Work with partners outside the WMO to establish new programmes and strengthen existing programmes so as to fill the gaps in research capability.

105 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Seamless prediction All components of the Earth system as well as disciplines of the weather-water-climateenvironment enterprise value cycle (monitoring and observation, models, forecasting, dissemination and communication, perception and interpretation, decision-making, end-user products) will be considered to advance seamless prediction. Research in all relevant disciplines will facilitate delivery of tailor-made information from minutes to decades, from global to local and for different domains of the Earth System. Development of quality management approaches will ensure that S/GDPFS developments are implemented within a rigorous and robust quality framework. Action areas are to: (a) (b) (c) (d) Deliver the underpinning science necessary to advance earth system prediction through international coordination; Facilitate research across relevant disciplines to provide seamless information to users, stakeholders, decision makers; Contribute to development of the observing system; and Conduct research to demonstrate the benefit of advances in seamless prediction Near-term Priorities and Actions 1. Advance understanding of the coupling between physical processes, society and the ecosystem and the impact on predictability; 2. Establish flagship projects to advance further coupling of earth system components, including propagation of uncertainty; 3. Develop and use integrated environmental prediction systems to provide seamless prediction of water compartment at the basin scale, possibly using the Commission for Hydrology s Global Hydrological Status an Outlook System (HydroSOS) initiative focusing on its global and two regional pilots; and 4. Use ongoing projects / testbeds to advance seamless prediction across significant boundaries in time / space, e.g. minutes to hours, months to years and across domains Mid to Longer Term Actions 1. Develop and use integrated Earth System prediction systems to represent the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of terrestrial and aquatic environments; 2. Invest in computing and software development to handle larger and more diverse observational datasets and forecasts with high-resolution coupled ensembles, to deal with the model output, and integrate the value cycle - ideally all of this in an interactive manner; and 3. Address the challenges posed by merging spatial and time information across scales from different forecast systems in terms of communication and usability of the weather, water climate and environmental information Accessibility and Web Platform Action Areas Availability and Visibility The system will provide access to data, models and products in a user-friendly manner, ensuring interoperability and integration with other systems, geospatial reference data, metadata and advanced standards and documentation. Technological aspects such as federated nodes and bandwidth issues will be considered and linked to WIS development, while S/GDPFS will implement those parts not implemented by other WMO initiatives. The whole S/GDPFS infrastructure will be visible and easy to identify. Use cases and success stories will be at the forefront, making clear the benefit of the S/GDPFS integrated value cycle.

106 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Near-term Priorities and Actions 1. Federate existing web-interfaces and data standards for different communities needs: address the dichotomy of the weather and climate forecast data, often available in GRIB through weather services, and the climate projection data (CMIP, CORDEX), mainly available through the Earth System Grid Federation portals. Clarify the governance of the metadata and provenance solutions to merge as many standards as possible and reduce the current confusion between practices to document weather and climate data; 2. Develop easy-to-use documentation for all informative contents: develop standards for observation and model documentation. Agree on common vocabularies and strategies to document models (especially as their complexity increases) and data; ensure that there is a mapping for the different data formats; and 3. Develop an open layer of information: the accessibility will be enhanced by a multipletiered approach featuring an uppermost open layer of freely accessible information, and a well-defined data-policy for the other layers, considering a research stream, and ensuring interoperability across the layers; promote the use of Open Geospatial standards for interoperability. Set priorities for the information and data to be focused on in each one of the layers in the early stages of the service Mid to Longer Term Actions A pilot project linking the CHAMP project with GLOFAS to develop experimental hydrological products such as ensemble streamflow forecasts, flood warnings, and net basin supply prediction. Project 4: Developing probabilistic hydrometeorological products 1. Federate existing web-interfaces and data standards for different communities needs: International open data policies are a vital component here building on the long-standing sharing of observations (link to WIS and others). Many countries are moving to this open data paradigm which is a key capability and differentiator with commercial interests. Develop real-time verification engine for "simple" use (e.g. hourly/daily precipitations, max/min temperature); 2. Develop easy-to-use documentation for all informative contents; and 3. Develop an open layer of information: Design strategies that explain the different policies applied to each dataset to address questions such as the free access to all to climate data and the usual restricted access to weather and atmospheric composition forecast data. As the service is developed in more instances, advertise the seamless products among weather- and climate-sensitive communities, partnering with sister initiatives like GFCS; work on data policies and documentation with communities familiar with the problems of open access and reproducibility Usability: Monitoring Software and user-oriented tools A dedicated effort and investment in software infrastructure will produce web-tools for handling data and creating on-demand products based on core requirements; the maintenance of metadata and infrastructure will be clarified in collaboration with WIS- WIGOS. The usability of the future S/GDPFS will be enhanced significantly, considering aspects such as authenticity of the source, quality of access and cost effectiveness. Focus areas are providing tools/documentation on how to combine / interpret multiple datasets, providing guidance on seamless products (Help Desk Services), developing integrated webtools for tailoring information, ensuring local ownership and developing downstream statistics.

107 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Near-term Priorities and Actions 1. Universal widget: Engage with institutions expert in software development (both public, like research centres, and private, like consultancies) to define the requirements for the certification of the software used in the backend of the service; Develop a universal widget, similar to the WWIS widget, that NMHSs can use on websites and in apps, i.e. displaying real-time verifications of forecasts; 2. Collect user feedback: Provide solutions for automatic user feedback on the use of GDPFS outputs that receives adequate attention and is analyzed by specialists; 3. Online Toolkit: Develop algorithm for verifying the source(s) of weather, climate, water and environmental; and 4. Common Interface: this along with a toolbox and data store services would offer a single (Internet) access point for users seeking data, imagery and analytical software packages relevant to all parts of the globe Mid to Longer Term Actions 1. Universal widget: develop a universal widget, or perhaps an app, that can verify the source of any weather, climate, water and related environmental information and explore how to indicate whether it is authoritative whilst establishing data provenance; 2. Collect user feedback: create a list of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the quality of service that take the user perspective into account; 3. Online Toolkit: provide advanced data analysis functions that operate on the content and can be parameterized by the user through workflows; develop a help-desk service and forecaster's workstation to facilitate exploitation of S/GDPFS outputs; and 4. Common Interface: this along with a toolbox and data store services would offer a single (Internet) access point for users seeking data, imagery and analytical software packages relevant to all parts of the globe Developing an interactive model linking science and services Achieving the ambitious vision of the future S/GDPFS requires a new interactive model for integrating science and services. This interactive model will increase the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between research and operations to provide improved weather, climate, water and environmental services to Members. Such a model will include multiple interactions between the research and operational communities to address the needs of users, stakeholders and decision-makers. During this process stakeholders assess and articulate their future needs, researchers work in dialogue with stakeholders to define and implement appropriate research programmes, the research results are transferred into operations at appropriate intervals, and the stakeholder needs and research programmes are refined taking into account the knowledge and experience gained through the use of operational products and services. A joint activity of the Lead centre for long-range forecasting and the Seasonal-to-subseasonal Prediction Project to enhance visibility of the lead centre, improve access to data and quantify its usage, define and implement an interactive science-toservices approach based on the value cycle for selected applications. Project 5: Advance seamless prediction at the weather-climate interface: This interactive model must be a high-level activity encompassing different WMO initiatives with operational and research components. It would provide a mechanism to link the work of the different Technical Commissions, rather than being part of the S/GDPFS structure, but would contribute strongly to the S/GDPFS implementation. A particular challenge for such a model in the context of the S/GDPFS is that we are not working in the context of a single organisation with well-defined line management structures. The operational system is founded on contributions from many different NMHSs.

108 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 17 The research and innovation relies on international partnerships between NMHSs, public research institutions and the academic research community. Thus, traditional models for linking research and operations (often referred to as R2O and O2R functions) that work for a single organisation will not be sufficient here. Future development of the S/GDPFS relies on strengthening the operational and research partnerships to the mutual benefit of the organisations involved as well as exploring the role of the private sector. If this model is well-conceived and implemented, the research capabilities relevant for the GDPFS within NMHSs and in the broader research community will be strengthened, the linkage between science and services enhanced. Some of the key features of a new interactive model are: (a) (b) (c) (d) Co-design by attempting to actively involve all stakeholders in the design process to help ensure the result meets their needs and is usable for all activities that require research and innovation; Identifying user needs based on specific sectors / applications as well as across sectors and applications; Enabling the co-existence of long-term strategic research projects and shortterm tactical innovation responding to stakeholder needs; and Engaging with social scientists, impact researchers, relevant communities of practice, the private sector and economists to identify the main user requirements and deliver the necessary innovation. Some of the considerations and questions that can help in developing this model are: (e) (f) (g) A clear articulation of research priorities and needs at the global and regional levels is one mechanism to boost innovation. One of the reasons that WMO science is at the global forefront is because of the established vision in developing long-term projects to pursue fundamental research questions. What are the future priorities for long-term projects that could attract strong interest from donors and key stakeholders? What mechanisms exist or must be developed to translate this interest into concrete research programmes? What are the measures of success to judge the achievements of such programs? There is a need to complement a long-term perspective, challenging the research community with short-term ad hoc projects as accelerators for technological development and networking capacity. What mechanisms can be developed for this purpose? Currently, the involvement of the private sector in all aspects of weather, climate, water and related environmental topics and the development of new technologies is increasing. What are the opportunities and risks related to research and innovation in this context? 5.6. The Importance in developing our people. While data proliferates, there is a general concern that the skills and knowledge within operational meteorology as a whole may suffer, and that staff may begin to lack the critical understanding of conceptual meteorology and its applications. This may be the result of various factors, which might include our increasing reliance on model data and the shift of demographic towards a new breed of meteorologists who have been taught to rely on models. We should also recognize that this experience, knowledge and expertise often lies with individuals no-one knows everything and so we need to encourage a collaborative, knowledge-sharing environment in which the hive-mind of collective expertise and user knowledge is best used almost like a cloud-based model of using meteorological knowledge.

109 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 18 Moreover, our forecasting scientific integrity and interdisciplinary expertise should keep pace with the advancement in science and technology pull through activities as this will offer a differentiation point for new services. This is why the implementation plan acknowledges the critical value of proving training and guidelines as part of its service proposition Implementation through Pilot Activities A key part of the implementation of the future S/GDPFS will be the definition and carrying out of benchmarks, pilot projects and test beds. These can, for example, allow some of the more challenging aspects to be tested in a research or quasi-operational setting. Some of these will address overarching challenges or be associated directly with the Action Areas for System, Research and Innovation or Accessibility. Others will be cross-cutting in nature. Currently a number of potential activities have been identified, examples of which are given below. These will be explored further, and project and resource plans developed. Developing and strengthening regional partnerships: Pilot projects would empower neighbouring countries to work together on specific areas of mutual interest. For example, partnerships could be built around the new RSMC on nowcasting in Japan and the existing Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project (SWFDP) to co-design activities, develop products of mutual benefit and work together on verification. Such projects can draw on experience from existing activities such as the SWFDPs and Regional Climate Outlook Forums. Advance seamless prediction at the weather-climate interface: a joint activity of the Lead centre for long-range forecasting and the Seasonal-to-subseasonal Prediction Project to enhance visibility of the lead centre, improve access to data and quantify its usage, define and implement an interactive science-to-services approach based on the value cycle for selected applications. Advancing Seamless Prediction from minutes to hours: enabling a seamless transition from nowcasting to numerical weather prediction in a probabilistic framework; a pilot project led by the RSMCs on nowcasting, limited-area deterministic weather prediction, and limited-area ensemble numerical prediction in Offenbach and the WWRP. Develop Public-Private Partnerships: Pilot projects in the field of big data and analytics could be used to demonstrate the potential of bringing the applications to the data. Develop Integrated Air Quality Prediction and Forecast Systems in Africa: a pilot activity envisaged under the auspices of Global Atmosphere Watch to develop monitoring, analysis and forecasting systems from Pan-African to Urban scale to inform populations of expected acute pollution events. Developing seamless probabilistic hydro-meteorological products: a pilot project linking the CHAMP 1 project with GLOFAS 2 and the Copernicus Climate Change Service (Sectoral Information System: Water) to develop experimental hydrological products such as ensemble streamflow forecasts, flood warnings, water quality and net basin supply set within a strong community of practice such as HEPEX 3. This project would be coordinated with the Commission for Hydrology s Global Hydrological Status an Outlook System (HydroSOS) initiative, with global and regional pilot effort so as to give guidance for the development of operational systems in this context. Assessing future multiscale requirements: use an existing Flagship such as the Polar Prediction Project to look at the stakeholder requirements with the aim of identifying how the future requirements might develop across a range of time and space scales. 1 Coupled Hydrologic, Hydrodynamic, and. Atmospheric Modelling Project

110 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p Benefits of S/GDPFS (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) The Future S/GDPFS will bring benefits to different user communities including: - stakeholders responsible for high-impact events preparedness; - sectors using weather and climate information (e.g. energy, agriculture); - health sector; - urban stakeholders and city planners. Members are enabled to harness the increasing power and scope of environment prediction infrastructure; Enhanced information is available to make quicker and better decisions; Improved access to information and data by NMHS saves time and resources, allowing them to add more value to their services. Members will have the tools and skills to handle the growing and complex data and information; NMHSs will have more time to apply skills and expertise through further automation of routine tasks; New observations, new science and new technologies are pulled through into operational services; and By 2025, in line with WIS2 implementation plan milestones, the further development of S/GDPFS will result in substantial benefits for developing NMHSs. 7. Planning (Timeline, decisions needed, resources) While this IP can be considered somewhat of a roadmap it is by no means the detailed work plans that are needed to identify specific deliverables, their inter-dependencies, the resources required and identification of responsible persons or working groups in carrying them out. Once the Steering Group has established the governance of S/GDPFS, it will be important to task development of detailed plans for implementation to the various Constituent Bodies and their working structures as soon as possible. The Steering Group must be vigilant in terms of overarching policy concerns and from time to time review and consider the following issues to seek guidance from Congress/EC where appropriate: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Clarity of the role between WIS, WIGOS and GDPFS: the three components work together in an integrated fashion to achieve the objectives but are managed by different Departments; Clarity of the role between CSIS, PWS and GDPFS and integration of activities; Clarity on the role of WMCs and their interaction with Members; Open data/open source considerations: the default policy should be to respect the principles of Resolutions 40, 25 and 60. The S/GDPFS steering group should stay very vigilant for any issues that come up related to the free and open exchange of data and information that could compromise the effectiveness of the system and raise to EC and/or Congress if necessary for resolution; Mandates and legal aspects of NMHSs and partners (e.g. civil protection): in many countries, all applications and sectors that the S/GDPFS wishes to serve may not fall under the jurisdiction of the NMHS or might bring conflicts of responsibilities at different temporal and spatial scales (subnational to national to regional to global). This could limit a Member s desire to become a Centre within the system. The steering group should continually monitor the implementation to deal with these possible conflicts before recommending

111 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 20 designation of Centres and in fact this should be built in to the designation process; (f) (g) (h) Role of the private sector: the private sector is deepening its reach into the weather forecasting business (e.g. IBM/TWC, Panasonic) and there is an increasing move towards commercialization of data (e.g. space-based EO data services for sale). Congress and EC have noted this and are developing policies and approaches to deal with the situation. The steering group will need to keep apprised as to how this evolves and adjust its plans accordingly to be able to leverage the capabilities of the private sector in implementing an effective S/GDPFS; Adaptable governance model: to start, it will be necessary to engage and involve all Technical Commissions and Regional Associations in the implementation of the S/GDPFS. However, it must be recognized that Cg-17 directed the Executive Council to conduct a review of the constituent bodies of the WMO to ensure that it is operating as effectively and efficiently as possible. This could result in a restructuring of the constituent bodies, and this plan needs to be flexible enough to adapt to whatever changes may come; Linkages with Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR /Sendai Framework for DRR), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The Design and development phase will continue until at least the end of 2019 in order to consolidate project participants and contributing stakeholders. Following approval of the implementation plan by Cg-18 (2019), initial implementation activities will start in mid-2019 and by 2025, the core services required for the operation of S/GDPFS will be fully operational, also considering time lines of other WMO initiatives such as WIS etc. At this time, legacy message switching operations will be decommissioned and the GTS as it works today will be phased out, so it will be important that S/GDPFS implementation aligns to this key milestone. The S/GDPFS implementation plan will help Members understand when the transition to S/GDPFS begins, when services and capability are available for use and when the transition period is expected to be complete. The S/GDPFS implementation programme will adopt an industry-recognized approach to project, programme and portfolio management (P3M), establishing the necessary structures and accountabilities to ensure effective governance of the implementation. Building on experience from SWFDP, a Project Office with a full-time programme manager should be established within the Secretariat to coordinate the implementation and support of all implementation activities. The Project Office will: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Ensure that S/GDPFS is aligned with the long-term goals and strategic objectives outlines in the WMO Strategic Plan; Have responsibility for developing and monitoring S/GDPFS benefits framework; Support all implementation activities, including coordination with a future stakeholder group, participants to the programme and contributing Members; Ensure that the resource requirements to support the implementation are understood by Members, and considered in the WMO budgeting and planning process; and Coordinate implementation with the different WMO Programmes and the WMO Secretariat department.

112 Addendum 1 to Annex 1 Resolution 11 (Cg-17) TOWARDS A FUTURE ENHANCED INTEGRATED AND SEAMLESS DATA-PROCESSING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CONGRESS, Noting: (1) Article 2 of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, (2) Resolution 36 (Cg-XVI) WMO Strategic Plan ( ) approving the Plan, as contained in the WMO Strategic Plan (WMO-No. 1069), and Resolution 69 (Cg-17) WMO Strategic Plan , approving the Plan for , (3) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress (WMO-No. 1077), Resolution 6 (Cg-XVI) Revised Manual on the Global Data processing and Forecasting System (WMO-No. 485), and general summary, paragraphs to , (4) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Sixty-fifth Session of the Executive Council (WMO-No. 1118), general summary, paragraphs to and Resolution 4 (EC-65) Implementation Plan of the WMO Strategy for Service Delivery, and the Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Sixty-sixth Session of the Executive Council (WMO-No. 1136), general summary, paragraphs to , (5) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions and Recommendations of the Extraordinary Session 2014 of the Commission for Basic Systems (WMO-No. 1140), general summary, paragraphs to , (6) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Fourth World Meteorological Congress (WMO-No. 142), general summary, paragraphs and , (7) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Fourteenth World Meteorological Congress (WMO-No. 960), general summary, paragraphs to , and the Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Fifteenth World Meteorological Congress (WMO-No. 1026), general summary, paragraphs to , (8) Resolution 2 (Cg-17) Implementation of the WMO Strategy for Service Delivery, Recalling: (1) That the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1961 unanimously adopted Resolution 1721 (XVI) International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, and WMO was called upon to study measures to advance the state of atmospheric science and technology and to develop existing weather forecasting capabilities, (2) That the result of the above task had led to the establishment of the World Weather Watch by the Fourth World Meteorological Congress in 1963, which included the Global Data processing System, the Global Observing System and the Global Telecommunication System operated by Members for the collection, analysis and dissemination of meteorological data and processed products, (3) That Fourteenth Congress in 2003 included the function of forecasting into the definition of the Global Data-processing System to become the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS),

113 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 22 Noting further that the Commission for Basic Systems at its extraordinary session in 2014 requested its Management Group to initiate a process for the development of a long-term vision for the GDPFS, Considering: (1) That all WMO constituent bodies and numerous subsidiary expert level groups provide a complex framework for coordination and collaboration in which a large number of decision makers and experts from virtually all Members and partner organizations address matters related to the Data-processing and Forecasting System, (2) That emerging requirements from the services-oriented programmes, such as aeronautical, marine, agriculture, health and public weather services, as well as requirements from a wide range of hydrometeorological-related emergencies, or from implementing disaster mitigation strategies, require an enhanced integrated, holistic and seamless Data-processing and Forecasting System in order to be relevant to users decision-making, (3) That an enhanced integrated, holistic and seamless Data-processing and Forecasting System could have the potential to lead to important benefits for Members and their National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and the Organization as a whole, Recognizing that the integration of the technical support to meet the ongoing and emerging requirements from different sectors of society in a single system, in a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach, would be more cost-effective and relevant to decision-makers and users, Recognizing further: (1) That working towards an enhanced integrated and seamless WMO Data-processing and Forecasting System would be a major undertaking, which would be designed to improve the capability of Members to effectively provide a widening range of services to end users, (2) That this endeavour would have an impact on the work of the technical commissions and WMO Programmes, (3) That the integration process would be a complex undertaking that would stretch over several years and require the full support of all Members to be successful, Decides to initiate a process for the gradual establishment of a future enhanced integrated and seamless WMO Data-processing and Forecasting System, in the light of the conclusions of the first World Weather Open Science Conference held in Montreal, Canada in August 2014, in particular that a seamless system encompasses several dimensions including timescales, multiple weather related hazards and societal impacts; Urges Members and invites partner organizations and WMO constituent bodies to collaborate actively in and give all possible support to the development and implementation of this initiative; Requests the Executive Council: (1) To formulate terms of reference for this process, and a description of the set of products the system should produce, and to steer the activity accordingly; (2) To ensure the active participation and representation of the constituent bodies concerned and also the participation, as appropriate, of technical experts and representatives of partner agencies;

114 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 23 (3) To strengthen the link between the research activities on seamless prediction and the development of downstream related services; (4) To submit a comprehensive report on the integrated and seamless WMO Data-processing and Forecasting System to Eighteenth Congress; Requests the technical commissions to include this activity in their work programmes, as appropriate depending on the guidance from the Executive Council, in order to fully accommodate the cross-programme nature of the integration initiative; Requests the Secretary-General to strengthen coordination and collaborate closely with relevant partner organizations in pursuing this endeavour.

115 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 24 Addendum 2 to Annex 1 Decision 55 (EC-68) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SEAMLESS DATA-PROCESSING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, Recalling Resolution 11 (Cg-17) Towards a future enhanced integrated and seamless dataprocessing and forecasting system, through which the Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress decided to initiate a process for the gradual establishment of such a system, in light of the conclusions of the first World Weather Open Science Conference held in Montreal, Canada, in August 2014, Recalling further that the Seventeenth Congress had requested the Executive Council to formulate the terms of reference for this process and to provide a description of the set of products the system should produce, for consideration by the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress in 2019, Noting that the decision of the Seventeenth Congress was also based on the recognition of the following factors: (1) The rapidly evolving practice of operational numerical weather prediction (i.e. cascading process, from global to regional and national levels, and Ensemble Prediction Systems) facilitating the move to a seamless Data-Processing and Forecasting System, (2) The enhanced application of the Cascading Forecasting Process to mitigate the growing technology gap in operational forecasting between National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of developed and developing countries (including least developed countries and small island developing States) by increasing the availability of and developing the capacity to use advanced technology, information and products, especially in Multi-hazard Early Warning Systems, (3) The emerging sophisticated requirements of users in practically all sectors such as aeronautical, marine, agriculture, health, and public weather services, (4) The need to move to impact-based forecasting and risk-based warnings which require consideration of non-conventional information such as vulnerability and exposure in the operational process, Acknowledging that seamless covers several dimensions including: (1) Time (nowcasting, through weather forecasts for days and weeks ahead to long-range forecasts on seasonal and up to multi-annual scales), (2) Disciplines (hydrology: flood, inundation and water management; marine and coastal environment: wave and storm surge; air quality and sand and dust storm; natural resources; energy; tourism; transport, etc.), (3) Prediction of non-weather-related elements, including the assessment of likelihood and probability of impacts and risks associated with hazards, taking into account vulnerability and exposure information to support risk-based decision-making, Acknowledging further that a seamless Global Data-processing and Forecasting System an evolution of the current system would be more agile and adaptable to support application Programmes (for example, Aeronautical Meteorology, Agricultural Meteorology, Marine Meteorology and Ocean, and Public Weather Services) and to provide not only prediction of weather-related elements but also products that support impact-based forecasts and warnings,

116 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 25 Recalling Resolution 6 (Cg-XVI) Revised Manual on the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (WMO-No. 485), wherein Congress decided that this Manual was the single source of technical regulations for all operational data-processing and forecasting systems operated by WMO Members, Noting with appreciation the effort made by the Commission for Basic Systems, in collaboration with other technical commissions, to address Resolution 11 (Cg-17), by developing the outline of an Implementation Plan and a White Paper on the seamless Data- Processing and Forecasting System, Noting further the research contribution to the development of a seamless Global Dataprocessing and Forecasting System, Endorses the Vision for the Seamless Data-processing and Forecasting System, as provided in the annex to this decision; Decides to establish a Steering Group (following the request of the Seventeenth Congress) chaired by the president of the Commission for Basic Systems and comprising representatives of technical commissions and regional associations, and the chairperson and co-chairperson of the Open Programme Area Group on Data-processing and Forecasting Systems, with the following terms of reference, which will be reviewed by the Council at its sixty-ninth session, as necessary: (1) Provide guidance and monitor the gradual establishment of the future enhanced integrated and seamless WMO Data-processing and Forecasting System, based on the achievements of the World Weather Watch; (2) Manage the integration of new components in the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System and address synergies with and requirements of all WMO Programmes and Regions, through active consultations with technical commissions and regional associations; (3) Prepare a description of the set of products the system should produce; (4) Complete the Implementation Plan of the seamless Data-Processing and Forecasting System for consideration by the Executive Council at its sixty-ninth session; Encourages advanced Global Data-Processing and Forecasting System Centres to pilot a seamless system, following the approach described in the White Paper, and to share with all Members the results and lessons learnt in order to improve the process; Acknowledges that this is work in progress and adjustments may be necessary through consultations with Members and constituent bodies; Requests the Commission for Basic Systems to consult widely with Members and to work towards tabling the White Paper along with the Implementation Plan for consideration by the Council at its sixty-ninth session; Requests the Secretary-General to: (1) Continue to provide support to the Commission for Basic Systems in its effort to address Resolution 11 (Cg-17), in consultation with other technical commissions and regional associations; (2) Assist Members in sensitizing their governments about the need to move towards the implementation of seamless data-processing and forecasting systems; Urges Members to provide full support to the Secretary-General and the Commission for Basic Systems in successfully addressing Resolution 11 (Cg-17).

117 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 26 ANNEX 2 POTENTIAL USE-CASES IN THE CONTEXT OF OPERATIONAL Seamless GDPFS Use Case 1 A centre wants to run its own model remotely access to infrastructure without having to maintain in hardware Assumptions: the centre has internet access, either 3G /4G, the data is correctly described in metadata, any stations are listed in Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool (OSCAR). (a) A future GDPFS portal and Data Store machine to machine or observer to machine mechanisms: WIPS portal accessible from internet; Security Authentication/Authorisation/Access functionalities (Google/FB etc. technology); Data formatting and validation functionality to agreed standards (intelligent platform); Training and documentation of system. (b) Running the model: Provision of a virtual machine on a remote platform (IAAS) using the WIPS toolkit function; Accounting system for user costs; Require the underlying model for boundary conditions from any global centre. Service offered by global NWP centres supply the underlying model for boundary conditions; Training and documentation of system. Use Case 2 Centre wants to run someone else's model on a defined area access to infrastructure without having to maintain in hardware Assumptions: the centre has internet access, either 3G /4G, the data is correctly described in metadata, any stations are listed in OSCAR. (a) The portal and Data Store machine to machine or observer to machine mechanisms: WIPS portal accessible from internet; Security Authentication/Authorisation/Access functionalities (Google/FB etc. technology); Data formatting and validation functionality to agreed standards (intelligent platform); Training and documentation of system.

118 RA V-17/INF. 3.1(4), p. 27 (b) Running the model: Provision of a model machine on a remote platform (SAAS) using toolkit function; Accounting system to ensure NMHS stays within agreed computer resourcing; Require the underlying model for boundary conditions from any global centre. Service offered by global NWP centres supply the underlying model for boundary conditions; Training and documentation of system. (c) Using Global Model to prepare new services using WIPS Data Store and toolkit: Access to visualisation tools for view model products; Authentication/Authorisation/Access functionalities required for such a service; Delivery service to send products/service to end user. Use Case 3 Centre wants to run a High Res Global Model with a grid less than 5 km and use a toolkit containing data applicators and product generation algorithms Assumptions: Need to get all in-situ observation in real time (5 or 1 temporal resolution), need to get all radar data in real time; getting all raw data is too big, provide services on NWP output. (a) In-situ observation acquisition: System to subscribe to all Observations within WIS 2.0, in a twitter-like manner; System needs Authorisation, Access, Authentication for the publisher and accounting system, so the publishers know who is consuming their data. (b) Radar data acquisition: The radar data owner to run pre-defined extraction service for NWP centre; The Radar data consumer to run pre-defined service within the radar data centre environment, and export the subset of data required for modelling; Requires notification, distribution, accounting, authentication services; Change management for new/ closed observation sites (OSCAR). (c) Provide services on NWP output: Post-processing toolbox: Sub-setting of data extraction, slicing and dicing of model data. Data cubes. Downscaling and interpolation (includes Boundary data for LAM centres); Workflow management system and notification service; Classic set of web services (WCS, WFS etc.) for machine and human consumers; Visualisation tools for human consumption; Data repository for model users to retrieve model.

119 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(1) Submitted by: Secretary-General 4.IX.2018 AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY 2017 WMO Aeronautical Meteorology Scientific Conference A WMO Aeronautical Meteorology Scientific Conference (AeroMetSci-2017) was held at the Centre International de Conférences of Météo-France in Toulouse, France from 6 to 10 November The conference was attended by more than 200 participants from all six WMO Regions. The conference involved the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM), Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) and Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) and was in response to Decision 44 (EC-68). The objective of the conference was to provide a forum for representatives of the scientific research community (including research institutes, universities and other academia), aeronautical meteorological service providers (public and private sector), aviation users and industry to discuss the need for and strategic direction of meteorological scientific and technological advancement in support of current and future air transport needs. This was the first such international conference convened by WMO dedicated to aeronautical meteorology science and technology since March The Conference provided an overview on the current state-of-the-art and the foreseen advances in meteorological science and technology, and the expectations for faster transfer of these advances into operations in the form of fit-for-purpose services for aviation end-users. The conference was a blend of keynote presentations, oral and poster technical presentations and panel discussions addressing the following leading topics: (a) (b) (c) Science underpinning meteorological observations, forecasts, advisories and warnings comprising ice crystal icing and airframe icing research, turbulence research, significant convection research, wake vortex detection and prediction research, fog and low visibility research, space weather research, atmospheric aerosols and volcanic ash research as well as advances in observing methods and the use of observations, seamless nowcast and numerical weather prediction, probabilistic forecast and statistical methods; Integration, user cases, fitness for purpose and service delivery comprising in-cockpit and on-board meteorological capabilities, terminal area and impact-based forecast, collaborative decision-making, air traffic flow management, network management, trajectory-based operations, flight planning and user-preferred routing; Impacts of climate change and variability on aviation operations and associated science requirements comprising jet stream position, intensity and related phenomena, extreme weather events at airports and changes to established scenarios, and the re-evaluation of airframe/avionics resilience standards and certification. Proceedings of the 2017 conference, in the form of a WMO publication, are available as AeM SERIES No. 2 (English only). The conference proceedings include the addresses given during the opening of the conference, the summaries of panel discussions, the recommendations and statement of the conference, copies of all the keynote presentations,

120 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(1), p. 2 technical oral presentations and technical poster presentations and other relevant information. In addition, the WMO Aeronautical Meteorology Programme (AeMP) website (available here) provides all materials associated with the conference. At the conclusion of the Conference, the following recommendations and statement were formulated to better inform the planning of meteorological scientific research activities over the next 15 years consistent with aviation users needs and expectations: Recommendation 1 In the context of science underpinning aeronautical meteorological (MET) observations, forecasts, advisories and warnings, the conference recommended that: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Research activities demand improved access to data, especially aircraft-based observations to support validation, verification and calibration as part of a continuous improvement drive; Research efforts should be conducted in collaboration with users to ensure their needs are addressed; The transition from research to operations following validation should be accelerated and well communicated; Conveying uncertainty is required to inform risk management, but remains a challenge that needs further research and guidance; and MET hazards and their impacts on aviation should be more clearly defined and articulated. Recommendation 2 In the context of integration, use cases, fitness for purpose and service delivery, the conference recommended that: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Close collaboration within and across MET and air traffic management (ATM) communities should be actively encouraged as a prerequisite of impact assessment and an enabler to future global interoperability and harmonization; Establishing ATM users requirements should be a prerequisite for tailored, fit-forpurpose MET solutions; MET information must be translatable into ATM impacts to enable full integration in the strategic planning, pre-tactical and tactical decision-making phases; Probabilistic methodologies with proper verification and calibration should be applied to better convey to users where and to what extent inherent forecast uncertainties exist; Blending MET parameters through ensemble approaches that yield a higher quality, more usable forecast should be further pursued but with an acknowledgement of the potential masking of extremes; Machine-learning such as artificial intelligence could be pursued to optimize MET support to ATM in the era of Big Data ; Design of systems for delivering harmonized MET information to pilots and other stakeholders should further consider the need for standardization and collaborative decision-making (CDM);

121 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(1), p. 3 (h) (i) An increasingly automated ATM operating environment will require supporting MET educational programmes for end-users; and The research-to-operations process for prioritized MET products and services reaching maturity should be expedited. Recommendation 3 In the context of climate change and variability on aviation and associated science requirements, the conference recommended that: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The potential impacts of climate change and variability on aviation operations on the ground and in the air downscaled to the local level must be well researched and communicated; The mitigation of extreme weather events and the adaptation to a changing climate demands a multidisciplinary effort involving both the physical and the social sciences. Furthermore, all stakeholders in meteorology and aviation must work together, including through WMO and ICAO, to build consensus on robust, sustainable global solutions; Responding to climate variability will require a high degree of flexibility on the aviation users side. While the incidence of high-impact extreme weather events are expected to increase, they will be infrequent relative to the norm. The foreseen continued growth of aviation worldwide in a changing climate scenario may present new challenges as demand for airspace capacity increases; Improved availability of and access to high-quality in-situ observations of meteorological parameters, including water vapour, is a key enabler to improving climate prediction model capabilities. The preservation of such data is essential for validating and calibrating climate predictions; and A changing climate scenario may render some of today s aerodrome, airspace and airframe design and operation standards inadequate in the years or decades to come. Using past climatological records alone as an indicator of future climate at an airport, say, may be insufficient given the (current) rate at which the world s climate is changing (warming). Statement The conference stated that: (a) (b) (c) There is a tremendous amount of ongoing cross-disciplinary research in the field of aeronautical meteorology (MET). This collaborative scientific excellence should be leveraged to enable the future global air traffic management (ATM) system; The role of MET as a key enabler to aviation s vision for a globally interoperable, harmonized ATM system of the future that is safer, more efficient and more environmentally responsible will only be realized through the accelerated transition of scientific research and technological advancement into operations based on aviation users needs, new and improved community partnerships, trust, transparency and openness; and As the potential impacts of climate change and variability on aviation operations become better understood, the research community should continue to advance relevant science and communicate in a style that is well understood by the user.

122 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(1), p /2017 CAeM Global Survey on Aeronautical Meteorological Service Provision A global survey of aeronautical meteorological service provision was conducted by the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) between November 2016 and February The primary objective of the survey was to establish a comprehensive, consolidated global view on the existing institutional arrangements for the provision of meteorological services to international air navigation, particularly at a national level, taking into account the supporting ICAO and WMO regulatory frameworks. More than 90% of WMO Members responded to the CAeM survey. The outcomes of the survey were collated on a global and regional basis and comprised more than 50 questions. A full, detailed final report on the outcomes of the CAeM Global Survey on Aeronautical Meteorological Service Provision was published by WMO in November 2017 as AeM SERIES No. 1 (English only). The following provides an overview of the main findings arising from the global survey: MWO, AMO and AMS functions One of the main focusses of the survey was on the ICAO/WMO service provision functions of meteorological watch office (MWO), aerodrome meteorological office (AMO) and aeronautical meteorological station (AMS). Globally, there are approximately 230 MWOs and at least 600 AMOs and 1,250 AMSs serving international civil aviation 1. In addition, aeronautical meteorological services are being provided to approximately 2,500 domestic airports worldwide. There is a large variety of arrangements and conditions within and between States and Territories, as well as across regions, for the provision of aeronautical meteorological service. The maturity of aeronautical meteorological service providers (AMSP) varies significantly across the WMO Members. In a majority (approximately 60%) of States and Territories, the MWO, AMO and AMS functions are provided by national meteorological and hydrological services (NMHS). Air traffic services (ATS) organizations are the second largest provider (between 15 and 25%) with 25% performing the MWO function, while military entities, airport authorities and commercial meteorological service providers complete the portfolio of AMSPs. The largest variety of entities providing ICAO/WMO functions is noticed for AMS service provision. In 20% of States and Territories, the AMS service provision is made up of a combination of these entities. Twenty-five percent of Members have no responsibility to maintain a continuous meteorological watch over a flight information region and, therefore, do not have an MWO. Of those Members with the responsibility to maintain a continuous meteorological watch over a flight information region (or regions), 64% of Members are responsible for one MWO, and 5% of Members for two MWOs. In total, over 80% of States and Territories have less than five AMOs. There are three States however with more than fifty AMOs, and in total there are approximately 600 AMOs in place. 1 The numbers for AMO and AMS do not include the offices and stations of the 18 Members that did not respond.

123 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(1), p. 5 While precise data on number of AMOs existing in the past is not readily available, it is considered that the number of AMOs existing today has reduced over the years as more and more AMO functions are performed from a regional or centralized location. In other words, AMO are no longer always physically located at an aerodrome. Three quarters of Members have between one and five AMSs while 12% have between six and ten AMSs. The remainder varies between 21 and 50 AMSs. It is worthwhile to note that three Members respectively have responsibility for providing 67, 71 and 153 AMSs. Almost 50% of Members indicated that there are plans to migrate to fully automated aerodrome observations, which is already the case for 3% of Members. Almost 40% of Members indicated that there are no plans to migrate to fully automated aerodrome observations. The differences in this regard between regional associations are significant. The reasons for not migrating fully to automated aerodrome observations vary significantly between States and Territories and across regions and includes quality issues, lack of funding or negative business cases as well as States and Territories that opt for a hybrid approach. In a majority (70%) of States and Territories, the meteorological observational data of the AMS is made available free of charge to the NMHS. In 6% of cases a charge is involved for the NMHS and in 5% of States and Territories, the observation data is not being made available to the NMHS at all. Seventeen Members (9%) indicated that there are issues regarding the sharing and provision of the meteorological observation data in their State or Territory. Regulatory frameworks The ICAO and WMO regulatory provisions are strongly reflected in the national legal/regulatory frameworks of States and Territories. In almost 80% of Members, the MWO, AMO and AMS functions are assigned through a formal designation to service providers. The notion of meteorological authority is not applied uniformly by all responding States and Territories. Many AMSPs no longer perform the role of regulator, which was a common case in the past for many NMHSs serving as AMSPs. In more than 70% of Members functional separation between regulation, service provision and oversight already exists. Twenty-five percent of Members were of the opinion that the entity providing oversight does not possess adequate expertise in aeronautical meteorology. Several Members identified oversight deficiencies ranging from having no oversight at all to a need for more guidance and assistance. Quality management systems (QMS) implementation In a majority of States and Territories, the AMSPs have fully (68%) or partially (14%) implemented QMS. This is a significant improvement compared to previous years. However, at the same time, more than 30% of Members face a regulatory risk because of lack of a QMS or only a partially implemented QMS. The main reasons for such non-compliance have been stated as lack of funding and/or human resources, or low priority given by the government. Of the AMSPs that have fully implemented a QMS, only one in every eight is certified to the ISO 9001:2015 QMS standard. Recognizing a need to transition from ISO 9001:2008 to ISO 9001:2015 by September 2018, and in view of the lack of implementation of QMS in a number of States and Territories, it is concluded that a considerable effort is still required from Members to implement QMS and/or transition to the ISO 9001:2015 standard.

124 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(1), p. 6 Competency and qualification of aeronautical meteorological personnel WMO introduced standards for competency assessment of aeronautical meteorological personnel (applicable since 1 December 2013) and qualification standards for aeronautical meteorological forecasters (applicable on 1 December 2016). Almost 70% of States and Territories have established a national competency programme for aeronautical meteorological personnel. The frequency of the competency (re)assessment ranges typically between one and five years. In approximately 50% of States and Territories, the AMSPs fully comply with WMO requirements for the competency assessment for aeronautical meteorological observers and forecasters as well as the qualification standards for aeronautical meteorological forecasters. Thirty percent of Members indicate that this is in progress, 10% have not started and for 10% the situation is not known due to non-response. As such, many Members face a regulatory risk because of non-compliance with the competency assessment and qualification standards. Funding mechanisms including cost recovery In approximately 40% of States and Territories the aeronautical meteorological service provision is wholly funded by the government budget, and in 20% the service provision is fully funded via cost recovery mechanisms. For 30% of States and Territories, the funding mechanism is made up of combinations of government funding, cost recovery and commercial revenues. Cost recovery for aeronautical meteorological service provision is applied in half of the States and Territories. Cost allocation and cost recovery for the provision of aeronautical meteorological service is an issue for a number of Members. Best practices are identified as Members having a cost allocation system and a cost recovery mechanism in place. The aeronautical meteorological service provision is fully funded from either government budget or cost recovered via en-route and terminal charges. If required, a fair share of the core infrastructure costs can be allocated to the costs of the aeronautical meteorological service provision via the core cost mechanism. Technical capacity/capability Almost 90% of MWO AMSPs provide WS SIGMET in combination with or without other SIGMET types or AIRMET. For 11% of Members, this is unknown, or the Members do not have an MWO responsibility, and therefore, do not issue SIGMETs. Regional differences exist as for example some regions do not provide AIRMET, and in other regions, tropical cyclones do not occur and as such WC SIGMETs are not provided. One third of Members conduct cross-border coordination for SIGMET production with MWOs in neighbouring FIRs. Almost 80% of AMO AMSPs utilize NWP output and nowcasting products (fully or to some extent) in the forecasting process, including warnings, while a minority of approximately 10% of AMSPs do not. Almost two-thirds of Members conduct forecast verification for either TAF, AIRMET, SIGMET or aerodrome warnings, and based on the response to the survey, this figure is expected to go up to 80% by At the time of the survey only around one-third of Members use aircraft based observations from AMDAR, ADS and or SSR Mode S in the aeronautical meteorological forecast production process.

125 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(1), p. 7 Challenges in service provision New or emerging challenges amongst Members include meeting emerging technological standards such as IWXXM and to fulfil ATM user needs for improved meteorological data and services. The top 10 priority challenges indicated by Members were: migration to XML, qualification of AMF, QMS implementation/maintenance, maintenance and calibration of observing equipment, automation of aerodrome observation, meeting demands for advanced products and services, cost-recovery implementation, competency assessment, SIGMET quality, and advanced MET information and services for terminal area. Several Members identified other challenges such as competition from other providers (private sector, commercial providers or regionalization) on aeronautical meteorological service provision. Especially in Europe, there is the challenge to comply with the cost reduction targets of the Single European Sky, and at the same time comply with regulations and to contribute to increased safety and capacity by improving meteorological services for air traffic management.

126 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(2) Submitted by: Secretary-General 13.X.2018 WEATHER SERVICES, SERVICE QUALITY AND DELIVERY Introduction The following activities, meetings and training activities on agricultural meteorology and drought were organized, managed, or funded by WMO through regular or extra-budgetary resources including with partners. A primary emphasis over the past several years has been achieving synergies and making connections between the various WMO Commissions, programmes and international, regional, and national organizations. WMO RA V Working Groups meetings in relation with agricultural meteorology The WMO Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) Working Group on Climate Services agreed to produce a review document on the current provision and use of climate information and services for agriculture in RA V. The Report on Responses to the Questionnaire on Climate Services for Agriculture in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) has been published as WMO Commission for Agricultural Meteorology Report, 105. Representatives from the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in RA V were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess the level of such services across the region and to help identify any gaps. A total of 15 responses were gathered from NMHSs in RA V, over the period between 2012 and Respondents were: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, FSM: Chuuk, FSM: Pohnpei, Indonesia, Kiribati, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu. This document is a summary of these responses. For each of the sections under which questions posed a synthesis of the responses is presented. An overall synthesis is also presented at the end. The Appendix includes the full questionnaire responses from all the countries who participated. Training Activities in Agricultural Meteorology and Drought Monitoring The Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) organizes a Climate Field School every year. In 2015, staff from the WMO agrometeorology visited a Climate Field School. In 2016, WMO funded a Training of Training Course for Asia-Pacific countries on Climate Field Schools aimed at staff from meteorological and agricultural departments from throughout the Southeast Asian region. Participants from Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, Vanuatu and Viet Nam attended the four-day session at the Regional Training Centre in Bogor Citeko. During the training session, Indonesian experts provided lectures and hands-on exercises on cloud and rain formation processes, the introduction of simple meteorological instruments, and the introduction of science-based information to cropping techniques based on indigenous knowledge. Based this experience, WMO provided funds to BMKG in 2017 to develop videos on the various aspects of the Climate Field Schools. The following are links to the videos:

127 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(2), p. 2 General Summary on Climate Field Schools (BMKG/WMO) Lesson and Group Exercise on Rain Formation (BMKG/WMO) Extreme Climate and Farmer Decision Game (BMKG/WMO) Lesson and Group Exercise on Cloud Formation (BMKG/WMO) Several National Drought Management Policy Workshops were held in conjunction with WMO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC). These workshops involved participants from NMHSs from ministries involved with agriculture, environment, water resources and biodiversity to increase the capacities of the government in drought risk management practices. These workshops also started internal discussions on how each country can be better organized with regards to drought management issues. A summary publication was produced from each workshop and a Synthesis Report was completed by the five main organizations. The 3rd Regional Workshop on National Drought Management Policies for Asia-Pacific, was held in Hanoi, Vietnam from 6 to 9 May participants from 10 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Integrated Drought Management Programme (IDMP) - Regional Activities in RA V The Integrated Drought Management Programme (IDMP) was established by WMO and Global Water Partnership (GWP) in 2013 and has over 30 partner organizations. The IDMP provides advice and guidelines to communities, countries and regions affected by drought through the Integrated Drought Management HelpDesk. The IDMP has published the Handbook of Drought Indicators and Indices in 2016 and the National Drought Management Policy Guidelines in The Advisory and Management Committees of the IDMP meet every year and representatives from CAgM, CCl, and CHy attend these meetings as well as drought experts from the partner organizations. In September 2016, an IDMP Expert Group Meeting on Action, Inaction for Drought Preparedness, Cost and Benefits was organized and the Team approved the publication on Benefits of action and costs of inaction: Drought mitigation and preparedness a literature review. Based on recommendations from the Pacific Island Climate Outlook Forum (PICOF) held in 2015, a National Drought Consultation was organized by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and WMO for the Solomon Islands from 5-8 September In 2017, a consultant company was hired by WMO to further assist the Solomon Islands in developing a national drought plan that would be incorporated into their disaster management framework. SPREP and the consultants organized similar workshops in Kiribati and Tuvalu in 2017 and 2018 and draft national drought plans are now being reviewed by national technical and legal authorities in the three countries. Funding for this activity came from NOAA and WMO. Relevant Regional Projects The Climate Risk and Early Warning System (CREWS) Initiative was established by the UNFCCC COP21 in The CREWS initiative supports Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to significantly increase the capacity to generate and communicate effective, impact-based, multi-hazard, gender-informed early warnings to protect lives, livelihoods, and assets. In November 2017, the CREWS steering committee approved a CREWS project in Papua New Guinea for 1.6 million USD entitled Weather and Climate Early Warning System for Papua New Guinea. The project s goal is to improved drought monitoring and early warning systems in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in support of better decision-making for the following sectors: agriculture, disaster management, energy and infrastructure. Other hazards related to

128 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(2), p. 3 droughts such as frost and bush fires would also be indirectly addressed. The project will seek to create end-to-end EWS focused on reducing drought impacts, while at the same time leveraging and providing a foundation for EWS for other hazards like flooding. The project has six major components: Assessment and User Requirements; Improved Observations and Databases; Better Weather/Climate Monitoring and Forecasts; Development of Drought EWS and Preliminary Assessments on Flash Flood EWS; Institutional strengthening and Project Support Management and Monitoring and Evaluation. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology is the main technical implementing partner to assist the Papua New Guinea National Meteorological Service.

129 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(3) Submitted by: Secretary-General 12.X.2018 BACKGROUND ON CURRENT ACTIVITIES SUPPORTING MARINE AND COASTAL SERVICES National Marine Services Focal Points JCOMM-5 approved the establishment of National Marine Services Focal Points (in process now one Focal Point per WMO Member). This Focal Point will provide a direct and focused contact point within each Member, for communication and dissemination of marine and coastal service delivery information. The global network will enable Members to share best practices and facilitate a community of practice on marine and coastal service delivery. Assessment of marine service delivery capabilities to guide future priorities In respect of the recommendation arising from the Marine Services Assessment Report to elevate the need for dedicated focus on improving marine and coastal services at WMO, and for WMO Members, a capability assessment is planned for marine and coastal service delivery. The outcome will enable WMO to prioritize and plan activities to enhance marine and coastal service capability in specific Regions. Support and guidance for countries undergoing the IMO Member State Audit Scheme WMO has developed a set of guidelines to assist the IMO Audit team when they are conducting audits in respect to SOLAS obligations. SOLAS Chapter V, Regulation V, outlines the meteorological and ice service responsibilities within each country. These are reflected in WMO Technical Regulations for marine meteorological services. Members are encouraged to liaise with their relevant national regulatory authority in relation to the IMO schedule of audits. Members wishing to know more about the IMO Audit Scheme and WMO guidelines, should contact the Marine Meteorological and Ocean Affairs Division via their address, mmo@wmo.int. Greater recognition of the METAREA Coordinator role in delivery of SOLAS services JCOMM-5 recognized the delivery of the IMO/WMO Worldwide Met-Ocean Information and Warning Service (WWMIWS) and the formation of a Committee comprising all METAREA Coordinators to coordinate and improve the service delivery in accordance with International Maritime Organization (IMO)/WMO service regulations; JCOMM-5 endorsed updates to the roles and responsibilities of the METAREA Coordinator, which will be included in an update in 2019, of the IMO Assembly Resolution, A.1051, governing the IMO/WMO Worldwide Met-Ocean Information and Warning Service.

130 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(3), p. 2 Marine-related GDPFS RSMC s To provide a common foundation for all Members to provide marine meteorological services from, a framework of marine-related centers was established including wave modelling RSMC s, ocean modelling RSMC s, and marine environment emergency response modelling RSMC s to complement existing RSMC s for tropical cyclones and atmospheric modelling. Nominations are currently open for the wave and ocean modelling RSMC s. Interested Members should contact the Marine Meteorological and Ocean Affairs Division via their address, mmo@wmo.int. Marine competency implementation JCOMM-5 endorsed a renewed commitment to roll out the marine competencies in line with the Quality Management Framework development and publication of the (new) Guide to Competency (WMO-No. 1205). A JCOMM Task Team will form to develop specific guidance in the context of implementing competencies for marine forecasting. Key marine service documentation updated: WMO-No Manual on Marine Meteorological Services has been updated with refreshed mandatory and recommended procedures in accordance with WMO s guidelines for technical regulations. WMO-No Guide to Marine Meteorological Services has been re-written with specific focus on documenting user requirements and providing guidance to Members looking to establish or enhance their marine meteorological services. Coastal inundation activities and support expanded in the region: JCOMM-5 endorsed a new Expert Team on Disaster Risk Reduction, which will include focus on coastal multi-hazard early warning systems. RA V already has two sub-projects in Fiji and Indonesia for the joint JCOMM and CHy Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) due for completion in As well, two coastal inundation projects recently commenced in Kiribati and Tuvalu, funded by CREWS. The RA-V Task Team for Coastal Inundation and Storm Surge (TT-CISS), created in 2016 also acknowledged the importance specific to Storm Surge Warnings throughout the region - through promoting the development of projects such as the Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP). The Task Team is enabling the development of new operational capacity, specialized training, effective outreach and mitigation, by leveraging existing efforts under the WMO RA V working structure, such as the joint WMO Tropical Cyclone Division and Marine Meteorology and Oceanography Division Training Workshops, and output from the CIFPD capacity development activities. These activities highlight that RA V is engaging in better warnings for coastal inundation in the region - be it from river or ocean sources - however there is a need to extend this to all Members with vulnerable coastlines. As well, there is a need to improve the awareness of the dangers of coastal inundation and meaning of early warning forecasts amongst the general public receiving warnings from NMHS.

131 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(3), p. 3 UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development ( ) The United Nations General Assembly, through Resolution A/72/L.18, proclaimed the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development for the 10-year period beginning on 1 January 2021 and called upon the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission to prepare an implementation plan for the Decade in consultation with Member States, specialized agencies, funds, programmes and bodies of the United Nations, as well as other intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and relevant stakeholders. The Roadmap for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development identifies six strategic objectives of interest to WMO, in particular regarding the knowledge of the ocean system, ocean-related hazards, cooperation in observation, data and other infrastructure, and enhanced cooperation, coordination and communication. All of these strategic objectives are directly relevant to all RA V Members. IOC invited WMO to take part, including through participation in a planning group, in the codesign and implementation of the Decade in the areas of science, observations, data, information and services, and it is expected that WMO Members, especially from RA V will participate within these preparatory stages and implementation. Decision 15 (JCOMM-5) requested the Co-Presidents of JCOMM to engage in the Decade; and related to this, Resolution 11 (EC-70) requested the JCOMM Co-Presidents to consult with Presidents of Regional Association Working Groups on marine services. It is expected that JCOMM Co-Presidents consider with RA V Members, how the UN Decade objectives can link to JCOMM activities in the RA V region.

132 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(4) Submitted by: Secretary-General 4.X.2018 WEATHER SERVICES, SERVICE QUALITY AND DELIVERY 1. Impact-based forecast and Warning Services (IBFWS) 1.1 There are funds available from the Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) project fund to organize a regional IBFWS Workshop as well as an in-country pilot project in the region; 1.2 WMO sponsored participants from RA V to attend the RA II IBFWS Workshops in 2017 (Seoul, Republic of Korea). 2. Standard Interfaces for Accessing Data and Services for Public Service Delivery 2.1. Decision EC-70/5.1/2 - The Executive Council: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Thanked to Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) for the development of the Concept Paper on the development of Common Interfaces for Service Delivery (CISD); Acknowledged that as new web-based services emerge from the implementation of WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS), WMO Information System (WIS) 2.0 and seamless Global Data-processing and Forecasting Systems (GDPFS), that harmonization of these services to provide consistent interfaces will likely benefit to the Global Weather Enterprise; Requested that establishment of standard interfaces (e.g. protocols or APIs) for accessing data and services for public service delivery, as expressed in the CISD concept paper, and gathering of the related user requirements be progressed by CBS as part of the seamless GDPFS implementation; Further requested Members to share best practices on the development and implementation of web-service interfaces for accessing weather and climate information; Further requested CBS collate the feedback from Members and provide guidance, and for the Secretary-General to provide the resources necessary to support this activity.

133 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(4), p Delivery of urban services in RA V 3.1 Outline of Guidelines for the development of an integrated operational platform to meet Urban Service Delivery needs as approved by EC-70 (Decision 7) Introduction The main goal of the Guidelines will be to articulate the operational and the delivery aspects based on the Guide for Integrated Urban Weather, Environment, Marine Meteorological and Climate Services and provide WMO Members with advice on practical considerations for service delivery to address the needs of urban communities, including value-added services, as part of the work of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). An integrated operational platform will need to draw on the advancements in technology available through WIGOS and WIS to ensure that it is fully compliant with the smart cities concept of high-density, high-resolution urban environmental information. It will be important, when developing the Guidelines, to coordinate with other WMO activities, in particular the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), and relevant Technical Commissions (TCs) and Regional Associations (RAs). It is essential to realise that, at national level, there are many agencies other than NMHSs engaged in urban services development and provisions, for instance for air quality etc., and the Guidelines must reflect this multi-agency reality and be attractive for the other than NMHS service providers. The guidelines should also be flexible enough to allow for the integration aspects articulated in the Guide for Integrated Urban Weather, Environment, Marine Meteorological and Climate Services. In regard to the provision of high-resolution, multi-scale predictions to support urban needs, this requirement will need to be addressed through the ongoing development of the seamless GDPFS. While the climatological, hydrological, oceanographic and environmental aspects of the urban environment will be comprehensively covered in the Guide, the integrated operational platform should enable easy access to a climatology of impact-based indicators within cities, to facilitate effective risk management in urban areas during periods of high-impact weather, recognising the potential domino effect of infrastructural failure and its consequences Content The Guidelines currently include the following sections: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) Executive summary; Background; WMO Framework: (i) Constituent body decisions and recommendations; (ii) Role of NMHSs; Developing a strategy for urban services; Partnerships and user engagement; Urban services and products: (i) General considerations; (ii) Types of services and products to be provided; Water management (including flooding); Environmental services (including health); Land transport sector;

134 RA V-17/INF. 3.2(4), p. 3 (j) Marine Meteorological and Ocean services (Sea Level rise, Storm Surges, Coastal inundation, etc.); - Climate; Data; (k) Operational aspects ; (l) (m) (n) (o) Service delivery aspects including dissemination and communication; Pilot studies; Capacity development and training; Evaluation and assessments. The Guidelines are to be developed based upon best practices and case studies of Members. Best practices will be included in boxes as examples. Also the WMO Strategy for Service Delivery and Its Implementation Plan (WMO-No. 1129) and, amongst others, the WMO Guidelines on Multi-hazard Impact-based Forecast and Warning Services (WMO-No. 1150) will be considered Timeline The final version of the Guidelines is expected in January 2019 and will be presented to WMO at Cg-18 in Enhancing International Exchange of forecasts and Warnings 4.1 Activities carried out by WMO towards the implementation of CAP in RA V; See a report of the CAP Workshops by clicking here 1 and here The Filtered Alert Hub; The Filtered Alert Hub is the prototype for the WMO alert Hub which is under development. You can get more information on it by clicking here. 4.3 WMO Widget for Live Feed of Alerts/Warnings; This widget displays current CAP coded warnings aggregated from official warning authorities. It displays the type of warning, the issuing authority and the country. Clicking on a particular warning opens a page containing more details. It may be viewed by clicking here. 4.4 The global warnings map of the Severe Weather Information Centre (SWIC). This map is currently under development by Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) on behalf of WMO, and is not yet available to the public. The beta version of the map is ready and may be viewed by clicking here. (To log in, Username: user; password: pass) It may be noted that these initiatives underpin the WMO Global Multi-hazard Alert System (GMAS), which is currently under development. 1 Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) Jump-Start Workshop (Fiji) 2 Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) Jump-Start Workshop (Palau, Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk), Federated States of Micronesia (Phonpei), Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Tuvalu, Niue and Nauru)

135 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(1) Submitted by: Secretary-General 27.IX.2018 IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION OF REGIONAL CLIMATE CENTRE OPERATIONS IN RA V Regional Climate Centres 1. Regional Association V since its sixteenth session has been progressing towards the implementation of Regional Climate Centre (RCC) Networks across the region in compliance with the Resolution 5 (RA V-16). During the meeting in Singapore (February 2016), the RA V Working Group on Climate Services (WG-CLS) discussed in detail the implementation of the Resolution 5 (RA V-16) on establishment of two RCC-networks in RA V, for the Southeast Asian and for the South-West Pacific sub-regions, and agreed on the concrete actions for the way forward towards RCC implementation in RA V. Southeast Asian RCC Network 2. As a follow-up on the outcomes of the RA V WG-CLS meeting, the RA V president invited the Permanent Representatives of Members in Southeast Asia for expressions of interest to contribute to Southeast Asian RCC network (SEA RCC-Network), and some responses were received indicating potential contributions to the SEA RCC-Network. 3. At the SEA RCC-Network planning meeting, held in November 2016 in Manila, Philippines, representatives of contributing countries with assistance from the WG-CLS developed the Implementation Plan for SEA RCC-Network operation, with the proposed structure consisting of the following three nodes: Node on Long-Range Forecasting: MSS/Singapore (Lead) PAGASA/Philippines (consortium member) Node on Climate Monitoring: PAGASA/Philippines (Lead) BMKG/Indonesia, MSS/Singapore (consortium member) Node on Operational Data Services: BMKG/Indonesia (Lead) The training function was distributed among these three nodes. It has also been agreed that MSS/Singapore will act as the overall co-ordinator for the initial implementation of the RCC-Network. 4. Through the formal communication between the Chair of the WG-CLS and the RA V president SEA RCC-Network Implementation Plan was endorsed by the RA V president and the WMO Secretary-General was informed on the launch of the demonstration phase for SEA RCC- Network since November 2017, with all the products made accessible through the official web site 5. A flagship activity of the SEA RCC-Network is the ASEANCOF, which sustains its sessions twice a year, one virtual and the other face-to-face. ASEANCOF involves all Member countries of ASEAN, belonging to both RA II and RA V. 6. RA II, through its Decision 11 (RA II-16), has decided to support the development and implementation of an RCC-Network for Southeast Asia in close collaboration with RA V.

136 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(1), p. 2 Pacific RCC Network 7. As a follow-up of the outcomes of the meeting of the RA V WG-CLS, the Pacific Islands Climate Services (PICS) Panel has identified the candidates and other interested parties for the Pacific RCC-Network, as well as its structure and composition, which has been endorsed by the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC). 8. During the Planning Meeting on Implementation of Pacific RCC-Network, held in November 2016 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, technical representatives from each of the proposed hosts and consortia members supporting the implementation of the different nodes of PI RCC- Network finalized the Implementation Plan, and agreed on organizational, technical details and on the date of the demonstration phase for Pacific RCC-Network. 9. According to the Implementation Plan endorsed by the RA V president, the Pacific RCC-Network consists of five nodes, each of those composed of a consortium led by a lead institution or co-leads: Node on Long-Range Forecasting: NIWA & BoM (co-leads) Meteo France, NOAA, UH, SPC & SPREP (consortium members) Node on Climate Monitoring: NOAA & UH (co-leads) BoM, SPC, SPREP & NIWA (consortium members) Node on Operational Data Services: BoM (lead) NOAA, UH, SPC & NIWA (consortium members) Node on Training: SPREP (lead) NOAA, UPNG, BoM, NIWA, SPC & CSIRO (consortium members) Node on Climate Projections: CSIRO (lead) USGCRP, BoM & SPREP (consortium members) 10. Alongside the above activities on RCC implementation, the PICS Panel in association with the Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and the WMO initiated Pacific Islands Climate Outlook Forum (PICOF), with the inaugural session (PICOF-1) held in October 2015 in Suva, Fiji. During the third session of PICOF, October 2017, the launch of the demonstration phase of Pacific RCC-Network was announced, with all the products made accessible through the official web site A WMO Global Review of Regional Climate Centre Operations workshop has been scheduled for November 2018 in Pune, India. The workshop will provide an opportunity to review the support needed by NMHSs from RCCs and to make recommendations with respect to strengthening NMHS-RCC operational linkages, as well as RCC operational linkages with Global Producing Centres of Long Range Forecasts. Results from the workshop will be used to review the current RCC Mandatory and Highly Recommended functions, and identify other measures to be taken, with the aim of strengthening country-level climate service delivery through NMHSs with RCC support through the Climate Services Information System.

137 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(2) Submitted by: Secretary-General 24.IX.2018 CLIMATE SERVICES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CSIS) Implementation of Climate Services Information System 1. Significant progress has been achieved in the implementation of Climate Services Information System (CSIS) at global and regional scale under the auspices of the Implementation Coordination Team for CSIS (ICT-CSIS) of the Commission for Climatology (CCl). Two important events were conducted, Developers Meeting on the GFCS-Relevant Climate Data, Products, and Tools (December, 2016, Geneva, Switzerland) and WMO International Workshop on Climate Services Information System Operations and Coordination (March 2017, Nanjing, China), with important outcomes: a tangible action plan was developed for climate service delivery through CSIS operations, with a special focus on CSIS implementation at the national level; a prototype of the Climate Services Toolkit (CST), a suite of guidance, data, software tools, training resources, was developed as an enabling component for CSIS implementation at regional and national level. 2. Acknowledging the CSIS progress, EC through the Decision 15 (EC-69) has requested, inter alia: - The presidents of CCl and CBS, in consultation with presidents of other technical commissions, to provide guidance to the regional associations on how to implement the CSIS within their regions, building on lessons learned from all Regions; - The regional associations to promote the implementation of the CSIS at regional level, and to provide guidance to NMHSs in optimally utilizing global and regional CSIS products to strengthen climate services at the national scale. 3. On the occasion of the completion of two decades of Regional Climate Outlook Forum (RCOF) operations around the world, WMO had organized an International Workshop on Global Review of Regional Climate Outlook Forums (5-7 September 2017, Guayaquil, Ecuador). Its overarching outcomes were the recommendations to work towards the next generation RCOF process, including mainstreaming of objective seasonal climate forecasting underpinning RCOF products, expanding product portfolio, based on standardized operational practices identified during the workshop, integration of seasonal outlooks in decision-making process at country level, improved partnership and user engagement in RCOF process. 4. ASEANCOF (twice a year, with one virtual session and one face-to-face session) as well as PICOF (once a year) were sustained during the intersessional period. 5. Best Practices Workshop on Climate Change Projections and Their Applications in ASEAN Countries (20-23 March 2018, Singapore) successfully adapted the ASEANCOF format to facilitate discussions and agree on climate change science issues to be addressed for the Southeast Asia Region.

138 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(2), p Through its Decision 4.6/1 (EC-70) on Promoting the Use and Interpretation of Climate Change Projections on Regional and National Scales, EC has encouraged regional collaboration, including through adapting the RCOF format as a means of disseminating expert consensus and facilitating discussion among sub-regional groupings of Members sharing common climate characteristics on consistent approaches in interpreting and using regional climate change projections. CSIS Regional Approach 7. The first three objectives of the country-focused results-based framework (RBF) for WMO contributions to the GFCS, approved in Decision 16 (EC-68), focus on country-level implementation, supported with guidance materials and capacity development assistance as well as by an institutional architecture comprising regional and global centres. The combination of these ingredients is intended to be sufficient in principle to enable any WMO Member to complete the full climate services value chain to address high-priority national-level needs and requirements, as exemplified in the CSIS Regional Approach depicted in the schematic below: 8. An extraordinary meeting of the presidents of Regional Associations and presidents of Technical Commissions (PRA-PTC) was held on 19 June 2018 at Geneva ( This meeting considered the CSIS regional approach as an integral part and enabling factor of strengthening the global-regional-national operations of the CSIS. A draft summary report is provided as Annex to this INF.

139 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(2), p. 3 Seventeenth session of the Commission for Climatology 9. A new structure of the Commission for Climatology (CCl) was adopted at its seventeenth session (CCl-17), which will address effective implementation of CSIS across the whole value chain at global, regional and national levels. It comprises four Focus Areas, namely (1) Climate Monitoring, Data and Assessment, (2) Climate Services Information System (CSIS) Operations, (3) Climate Services for Societal Benefits and (4) Capacity Development for Climate Services, and an Implementation Coordination Team for Climate Services Information System (ICT CSIS). Status of the Provision and Exchange of Selected Climate Dataset 10. In 2018, four RA V Members submitted the annual update of World Weather Records (two RA V Members in 2017). Annual calls to Members for submission of World Weather Records are issued by the Secretariat. Further information cf A call to Members to submit 1981 to 2010 Climatological Standard Normals has been issued in August Further information cf. Annex: 1

140 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(2), p. 4 ANNEX WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION PRA-PTC Ext Extraordinary Meeting of Presidents of Regional Associations and Presidents of Technical Commissions Mechanism for WMO contributions to the GFCS, with participation by representatives of WMO and co-sponsored programmes GENEVA, 19 JUNE 2018 DRAFT SUMMARY REPORT This report summarizes the outcomes of the second 2018 Extraordinary Meeting of presidents of regional associations, presidents of technical commissions, and representatives of WMO and co-sponsored programmes, chaired by the President of WMO, designated by Decision 16 (EC-68) as the mechanism for WMO contributions to the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). The meeting reviewed follow-up actions from the previous meeting, in January, and identified next steps. All data, presentations and other materials related to the meeting are available at The meeting reviewed presentations on the status of climate services implementation in each regional association based on checklists completed by 109 Members. The presentations identified priority needs within each region, how such needs can be addressed, and areas for further support from the technical commissions and co-sponsored programmes. Relevant information in this regard was provided via a presentation by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) as well as by presidents and representatives of WMO technical commissions. Main findings Areas of need across regions Frequently-cited needs across regions include: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Relatively low percentages of completed checklists in some regions, despite the great efforts of the regional associations to date, and a continued need for obtaining completed checklists from all Members Evening out heterogeneity in the levels of climate services capacity both within and across regions, especially in climate-sensitive sub-regions where capacities are still low in relation to demand Strengthening the user interface at country-level, with more emphasis on identifying precisely who the user stakeholders are, their specific needs and how to meet them, and documenting the socio-economic benefits of climate services Improvements, and greater diversity, in tailored products to support specific services, including strengthening of specific service areas that need further development, such as ocean and marine services Strengthening the global-regional-national operational climate services information system, including

141 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(2), p. 5 (f) (i) (ii) Strengthened data management and exchange, including through registration of data and products in WIS Support in acquiring and using outputs from the Global Producing Centres of Long-Range Forecasts (GPCLRFs) and C3S Systematic efforts to address frequently-occurring needs, such as WIS and WIGOS implementation; data rescue; data management; constructing and accessing gridded datasets on the Essential Climate Variables; accessing and using GPCLRF outputs; Regional and National Climate Outlook Forum strengthening and enhancement; National Frameworks for Climate Services (NFCSs); national plans for climate services; tailored products and services for high-demand areas such as for DRR, agriculture, water, health and energy; and documenting associated socioeconomic benefits. Additional and region-specific needs are identified in the presentations accessible through the link provided above. Climate-water synergies Many analogues were noted between the climate needs and those in hydrology. Needs in hydrology revolve around the same basic issues: data management and exchange, service delivery, and capacity development. CHy is currently updating guidelines on managing National Hydrological Services addressing these areas. The hydrological community has also established facilities, such as the Global Hydrometry Facility, to address such needs. Although there are currently no regional water centres, experimentation is underway with some national services to potentially play this role. Regional Climate Centres could also conceivably take on a wider range of water-related functions. There could be value, therefore, in simultaneously pursuing a joint climate services <-> hydrological services analogue approach. Recommended resources and measures In general, two complementary strategies were identified for addressing the needs emanating from the regional association analyses. One of these is to address frequently occurring functional weak points such as for data rescue, or implementation of methodologies for documenting socio-economic benefits more comprehensively and systematically in each region. The other is to address specific needs as they arise in the course of enhancing globalregional-national operational systems and country-level delivery of specific associated services. The latter strategy involves a targeted problem solving approach, in which capacities are built in the specific areas needed to enable the delivery of a specific, high-impact/highdemand, service on a case-by-case basis. (1) Measures to address the first category, of frequently-occurring, cross-cutting, functional needs include: (a) (b) (c) Completion and regular updating of the climate services checklists, accompanied by periodic audits of regional centre and NMHSs climate services capacities, similar to those done by IATA on aviation (CCl ISO quality management guidelines for climate services, currently in the process of being published, could be useful in this regard) More systematically documenting the capacity development resources available to meet common functional need areas, and making those resources available through the WMO Global Campus, including through an e-library and calendar of events, so that all regions are not doing it independently (see learn.wmo.int), while targeting region-specific needs Making commission capacity development and technical resource materials more available, through training programmes, the climate services toolkit, and twinning between Members

142 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(2), p. 6 (d) (e) (f) Further translation of relevant WMO capacity development and technical resources into more WMO languages Greater use of the Regional Climate Forums as planning, organizing and integrating mechanisms for engaging regional centres and NMHSs, regional association working groups, technical commission experts, researchers, and representatives from WMO global centres, in order to strengthen the operational systems needed to support country-level service delivery more systematically Incorporating climatological and hydrological data and products, and the exchange thereof, into the design and implementation of the Future Seamless GDPFS (i) (ii) (iii) ECMWF is already a partner; the C3S Climate Data Store could be the platform for distribution of data and products, and more digital data platforms (C3S and other WMO centres) should begin to interact operationally Scale-up of existing sound data management approaches (e.g. those of NOAA) Greater emphasis on Regional Climate Centres as operational centres within the GDPFS in support of NMHS service delivery, as well as of sources for knowledge exchange and capacity development within regions, and use of the upcoming CCl-led review of Regional Climate Centre mandatory and recommended functions as an opportunity to introduce more flexibility into how RCCs operate and support NMHSs, including potentially with respect to their operational role in hydrology. (2) Measures to identify and address specific needs in the second category, for strengthening full value-chain operational systems with country-level service delivery, include: (a) (b) (c) (d) Identification of high-priority/high-impact services in high demand across countries in each region, e.g. as reflected in Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement, National Adaptation Plans, and other national policies and plans Identification of measures, processes and resources for systematically strengthening operational systems (i.e. involving routine operational exchange of climate/water data and products among NMHSs, regional and global centres) and the country-level provision of high-priority associated services, and for documenting the benefits of such services Establishment of a joint plan on climate services identifying the measures to be taken at national and regional levels (RCCs/NMHSs/end users), including establishment of NFCSs where necessary Regional and global upscaling of existing demonstrations of tailored products and associated services which have already been shown to deliver societal benefits. Next steps The draft WMO Strategic Plan , and the need to prepare an update and plan to the Eighteenth Congress on WMO contributions to the GFCS as part of the implementation of the Strategic Plan, are further reasons that preparation of action plans incorporating the above elements is now needed. Such plans should include intended outcomes to be achieved by the end of 2023 and the critical path and core actions for achieving them. As outlined above, there are two main lines of action. The first is to more systematically address frequently-occurring cross-cutting needs. The second is to promote and strengthen integrated national-regional-global full value-chain operational systems and country-level delivery of associated high-priority/high-impact services and documentation of the results and benefits. These two lines of intervention each entail both regional- and global-level actions.

143 RA V-17/INF. 3.3(2), p. 7 Regional plans Presidents of regional associations are requested to prepare a five-year plan for each region, irrespective of resources. These should be ready for discussion in the next meeting PRA-PTC meeting in January These plans should identify: (a) (b) A set of high-impact/high-priority services in specific countries within each region and the measures needed to establish or strengthen such services with regional and global support The highest-priority cross-cutting functional needs in the region, relevant capacity development and technical resources available for addressing those needs, and how to make such resources readily accessible to Members. The Secretariat is requested to work with regional associations and Members to seek to mobilize extra-budgetary resources in order to implement the regional plans. Regional Climate Forums, regional association sessions and meetings, and project meetings can be used as planning and implementation vehicles and Secretariat facilitation in this regard is also requested. Global plans The presidents of CBS, CCl and CHy are requested to prepare a plan for providing the core support for implementation of the national-regional-global operational systems needed to support country-level service delivery as part of the overall plan for implementation of the Future Seamless GDPFS, with linkages to C3S as appropriate. This global plan will subsequently be adapted to fit regional circumstances, through the Regional Climate Forums, the RCC functional review, and other mechanisms. The presidents of technical commissions are also requested to reflect on some of the needs identified above that could be addressed in their areas, and any relevant technical resources and mechanisms for their delivery which could be drawn upon, bearing in mind that services are generically defined at this point and that specific support for implementation of specific services addressing health, disasters, water resources, agriculture, energy and other national priorities will be identified through the regional planning process. The Secretariat is requested to provide consolidated support on access to training and other capacity development resources. The Secretariat, specifically the GFCSO, is further requested to facilitate access to and engagement with partner organizations. A particular area that needs to be further addressed for which such engagement could be beneficial is on strengthening Members capacity to document socio-economic benefits. Finally, the Secretariat is requested to facilitate on-going monitoring of the results of these efforts through the climate services checklist and presentation of the status of climate services, and the above plans, highlighting any necessary decisions that need to be made, for the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress. Strengthening the information base for planning and results monitoring Members who have not done so already are requested to complete the climate services checklist. Regional associations are requested to continue their efforts to encourage Members to provide this information, and to continue analysis thereof, with continued support from the Secretariat.

144 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(3) Submitted by: Secretary-General 3.X.2018 POLAR AND HIGH-MOUNTAIN REGIONS GLOBAL CRYOSPHERE WATCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES High Mountain Summit Overview There is increasing recognition of the fundamental role played by the mountain cryosphere (glaciers, snow, permafrost) and critical ecosystems at high altitudes, such as páramo systems in the tropics, in providing and regulating freshwater resources, while also contributing to hazards in mountain 1 environments, and the cascading and often devastating effects on populations, economic activities, infrastructure, and ecosystems in mountain regions, downstream, and in lowland areas. About a half of the world s population is affected by changes in high-mountain climate and ecosystems, including in lowland areas, many of which are densely populated, as is for example the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta. In many places, threats from mountain hazards exacerbate existing vulnerabilities caused by poverty, insufficient infrastructure, environmental degradation and limited resources. Reliable and sustainable climate and hydro-meteorological information services, taking into account changes in high mountains, are important instruments to strengthen climate resilience in support of sustainable development, and the optimization of resource allocation in these regions, by informing and improving individual, public, and private decisions in risk management and sectoral planning, for example in agriculture, tourism, energy sector, land development, health, infrastructure, education and transportation. Recognizing the challenges faced by the United Nations Member States, in particular those affected by accelerated changes in high mountains, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), as the UN system s authoritative voice on Climate, Weather and Water, is making a concerted worldwide effort with its partners, to address emerging needs precipitated by these changes, and foster robust and sustainable services. These services provide people in mountain, downstream and lowland regions with adequate information for supporting decisionmaking regarding water, weather, climate and hazard management. At this unique juncture, WMO and its partners are preparing to co-host a High Mountain Summit, which will take place from 25 to 27 February 2019, in Geneva, Switzerland. The objective of the High Mountain Summit is to foster national, international and regional inter-agency collaboration, by leveraging existing and planned initiatives and projects across sectors, scales, and actors with the goal of developing a framework for integrated climate service delivery functions, along the production and value chain. The aim is to respond to needs for reliable information on water and hazard management in the context of accelerated changes in high-mountain cryosphere and ecosystems, and with the objective to inform, and therefore, promote Sustainable Mountain Development. The Summit will help catalyzing collaboration to strengthen the delivery capabilities of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services. 1 The sixty-ninth session of the Executive Council of WMO (EC-69), adopted Decision 48, which defined the scope of high mountain regions, as mountain areas where seasonal or perennial cryosphere is present and poses potential and serious risks to society related to water scarcity and disaster resilience.

145 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(3), p. 2 This Summit will be building on the momentum created by major international initiatives within the 2030 Agenda endorsed in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly, establishing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction , the Paris Agreement that entered in force in 2016, and 2019 Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which will include a dedicated chapter on High Mountain areas. The Summit will seek to engage relevant stakeholders, practitioners, research and academia, and decision-makers, from national and international institutions, representing all regions of the world affected by changes in the high-mountain climate and ecosystems, in recognition of the regional diversity, and of the need for regional solutions. In addition to representatives of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, other government agencies are important stakeholders in this process and are encouraged to be engaged. Among those, are: (a) (b) (c) (d) Environmental, including land use and urban planning, agencies; Disaster and Emergency Management agencies; Avalanche forecasting and transportation agencies; The energy sector and other private sector representatives. The Summit will be organized with the participation and support of international funding agencies (e.g. World Bank Group (WBG) Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)), other UN agencies and representatives of other relevant communities.

146 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4) Submitted by: Secretary-General 28.IX.2018 IATA-WMO COLLABORATIVE AMDAR PROGRAMME Purpose and Principles Version: 7 September 2018 Purpose of Collaboration Acknowledging the benefits of the data collected and processed within the scope of the existing AMDAR Programme (the Programme ) for both the meteorological community and for the aviation industry, and recognizing the significant resource investment of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) Members of WMO in the existing AMDAR observing system and in its operations, IATA and WMO, pursuant to their Working Arrangement dated 7 July, 2017, wish to collaborate in order to establish an extension of the Programme in a more formal and identifiable framework: IATA-WMO Collaborative AMDAR Programme ( IWCAP ). IWCAP Principles The IWCAP will: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Promote, encourage and facilitate participation of all airlines in the Programme, with a priority focus on expanding the programme and improving AMDAR coverage over currently data-sparse areas with the highest impact and benefits to the meteorological and aviation communities and other data users. Comply with all principles of WMO Legal Framework, including Resolutions and Regulations applicable to AMDAR data. Encourage and coordinate the enhancement of the Programme through wider implementation of turbulence monitoring and water vapour measurement; Work with and promote the Programme within the aviation industry, including equipment manufacturers, to encourage greater efficiencies in the development and deployment of AMDAR avionics, applications and related infrastructure and service costs; Discuss and negotiate directly with aviation data service providers to derive efficiencies and more equitable arrangements for Programme communications costs; and Collaborate with Hydrological and Meteorological Equipment Industry ( HMEI ) member companies active in the WMO Aircraft Based Observations Programme to maximize effectiveness through utilization of existing commercial infrastructures.

147 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 2 IWCAP Governance Structure The management of the IWCAP will be performed by its Governing Body ( GB ), a group of technical and administrative representatives from both IATA and WMO. The GB will foresee the Implementation of the IWCAP Principles of Collaboration detailed herein (the Principles ), based on separate documents: the IWCAP Concept of Operations and the IWCAP Implementation Plan. The GB will meet annually, or more often, as required to fulfil its role, by any means it deems appropriate. Each of IATA and WMO will appoint a representative Co-chair to coordinate relations under the IWCAP who shall keep the Head of his or her organization informed in accordance with the Working Arrangement. The GB will be comprised of a minimal and equal number of representatives of each organization necessary to fulfil the role and duties of the GB. WMO and IATA will jointly and equitably fund the operations of the GB. The GB will establish and maintain an Oversight, Planning and Coordination team (OPCT) to oversee and assist in the developmental and operational processes of the IWCAP. The GB and the OPCT will be jointly supported and resourced as agreed and as necessary by IATA and WMO. IWCAP Operational Structure The IWCAP will not initially replace the existing national and regional AMDAR programmes, but it is expected that these programmes will be offered the opportunity to migrate to the IWCAP, based on a decision, process and timeline that is convenient to the operators. The IWCAP operations will be performed by WMO Member agencies ( IWCAP Operators ) based on a regional structure of WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Centres, overseen and managed by WMO and its Regional Associations. IWCAP Operators and WIGOS Centres will be resourced by the IWCAP to support their agreed operational functions, based primarily on the finances provided by participating regional WMO Members so as to perform the operations necessary to meet national requirements for AMDAR data from the IWCAP. The GB will establish the IWCAP Regional Data Processing Centres (RDPCs) as WMO Regional WIGOS Centres operated by a WMO Member under delegated authority from its respective Regional Association (RA). The responsibilities of the IWCAP Operators and of the RDPCs will be to establish the contractual relationships with individual airlines, receive, control the quality of, and securely manage, the AMDAR data received. The DPCs will ensure the timely provision of the AMDAR processed data on the WMO Information System (WIS).

148 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 3 IWCAP Financial Structure The GB will manage the following financial aspects of the IWCAP: (a) (b) (c) Develop and establish the framework for a funding and cost structure to support the IWCAP operations and to reimburse airlines for their costs of participating in the programme, ensuring an equitable cost-sharing between participating NMHSs. Establish two types of funding mechanisms, an AMDAR Programme Operating Fund ( APOF ) and an AMDAR Programme Expansion fund ( APEF ) to facilitate cost and resource-sharing initiatives and to extend the implementation of new national and regional AMDAR Programmes. The AMDAR Programme Operating Fund (APOF) will provide resources for the ongoing operations of the IWCAP. The AMDAR Programme Expansion Fund (APEF) will provide for the Programme s development, expansion and enhancement. Under the IWCAP, IWCAP Operators will raise/receive the required funds in the APOF to support: (a) (b) (c) The ongoing air-to-ground and ground-to-ground communications costs relating to the collection of AMDAR data at IWCAP RDPCs, and its subsequent provision on the WMO Information System (WIS). The infrastructure costs associated with the operation of IWCAP Regional and/or Global Centres and Systems. Any additional costs, which become necessary for the on-going operation of the Regional AMDAR Programme. Under the IWCAP, IWCAP Operators will raise/receive the required funds in the APEF to support: (a) (b) The equipping of participating airline aircraft with AMDAR on-board software and other infrastructure required to support the operation of the IWCAP and most efficiently meet the requirements for AMDAR data. Research, analysis and other related activities to support improvements to the efficiency and utility of the IWCAP. The GB will oversee the management by the IWCAP Operators of the funds of the APOF and APEF so as to meet the incremental costs only of the operation of the IWCAP. Any funds surplus to such requirements will be either transferred to or retained in the APEF, or else, based on the discretion and adjudication of the GB, returned to the participating NMHSs or donors in a fair and equitable dispersion. Funds for the APOF and APEF will be provided by NMHSs under their agreement with the IWCAP Operator for participating in the IWCAP, and based on the cost structure developed by the GB for meeting national, regional and global requirements for AMDAR data. These funds may be supplemented from other sources, including: (a) (b) (c) The provision of funds to meet requirements for AMDAR data by other data users, including other (non-meteorological) government agencies, private entities, capacity development and aid agencies, specifically approved by the GB in advance; Revenue(s) raised by IATA through commercialization of AMDAR data; and Other sources as may be agreed upon by the GB as required.

149 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 4 IATA will sell or license the selling of AMDAR data to third parties. IATA will retain an agreed upon percentage of the revenues from the sale of AMDAR data and transfer the remaining proceeds thereafter to the APOF or APEF, as decided by the GB. IWCAP Data Policy The GB will define AMDAR Data Policy to achieve the purposes of the IWCAP and in accordance with the applicable WMO Legal Framework. An authorization policy for data transfer and its associated form templates, including AMDAR Data definition, will be developed by IATA with the agreement of the GB. The authorization policy will allow for the release and transfer of data to third-parties, including to non-participating airlines, and to IATA, giving IATA the right to further release it to third-parties. The terms of the data policy will be annexed to the contracts between each IWCAP Operator and/or DPCs and each participating airline. All WMO Members will be licensed and retain full rights to use all AMDAR data produced under the IWCAP and provided on the GTS in compliance with all Principles of the IWCAP and in compliance with WMO Resolutions and Regulations applicable to AMDAR data. The ownership of AMDAR data, as defined by the GB in the AMDAR Data Policy, will be retained by participating airlines. WMO Members will have and retain full ownership of any meteorological products and services derived from the use of AMDAR data. Access to the AMDAR data via the Global Data Centre will be in accordance with all Principles developed by the IWCAP and in compliance with WMO Legal Framework and enforced through a validation processes to be developed and established by the GB. The GB will: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Develop and establish the Data Policy associated with the AMDAR data derived from the IWCAP and will ensure its adherence through the establishment of collaborative agreements between the IWCAP partner and operational entities. Develop the definitions, management, treatment, use, and access to AMDAR data provided by the airlines participating in the IWCAP and collected by the AMDAR RDPCs. Develop the protection of the intellectual property rights of both Organizations and their respective Members. Develop the IWCAP principles for secure data ownership and licensing policy, specifying the ownership by the airlines of AMDAR data and the ownership by the NMHSs of products and services derived from the use of AMDAR data. Develop, in accordance with WMO Resolutions and Regulations applicable to AMDAR data, improved and secured access to AMDAR data for WMO Members and affiliated and validated data users, enabling adherence to agreements with commercial airline partners that license the provision and use of their data.

150 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 5 IWCAP Collaborative Agreement Framework IATA and WMO will enter into a collaborative agreement to establish the IWCAP under the agreed Principles of the IWCAP and in accordance with its Concept of Operations and Implementation Plan. The GB will oversee the development and establishment of the following agreements: (a) (b) (c) Standardised agreements between IWCAP Operators, RDPCs and participating airlines to support reception, processing and provision of AMDAR data through the IWCAP Operational Structure and the IWCAP Data Policy and for use of the data by WMO Members and its Operators, and by IATA. Agreements between WMO and IWCAP Operators to ensure reception, processing, provision and management of AMDAR data in compliance with the Principles of the IWCAP Data Policy. Standardised agreements between IWCAP Operators and participating NMHSs to support the provision of required funds in accordance with the IWCAP Financial Structure. All contractual undertakings and standardized agreements between WMO, IATA, IWCAP Operators and their respective members, regarding AMDAR Data, whether provided by the airlines or by the DPCs and due to the nature of this data, will be on a best effort basis. IWCAP Roles IATA will: (a) Contribute the required and agreed upon resources to the Governing Board. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Contribute to the coordination and oversight of the operation of the IWCAP through the commitment of the required and agreed resources to the OPCT. Lead the promotion of the Programme to its member airlines and other affiliated airlines, as the case may be, including the promotion of global benefits of providing aircraft observations using AMDAR in direct response to evolving meteorological requirements; Promote the Programme to the industry at large, so that the Programme is more widely recognized and integrated within the aviation industry; Assist WMO in identifying the airlines that would best meet the requirements for the program expansion based on the route network analysis; Working directly with participating and candidate airlines in the Programme to: (i) Educate them on AMDAR software usage; (ii) Foster airline engagement with local MET authorities; (iii) Promote and facilitate the utilization of AMDAR data by the airline community; (g) (h) Facilitate the communication between WMO and third party providers/oems; Educate various aviation stakeholders on the benefits of the program and conduct workshops and webinars to encourage airlines to join the program and implement water vapour measurement;

151 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 6 (i) On behalf of the IWCAP and subject to both the agreed terms of the GB/IWCAP (including all principle(s) of WMO Resolution(s) and Regulations applicable to AMDAR data of the WMO Resolution 40 (Cg-XII)) and of the participating airlines agreement, IATA will, where feasible, pursue commercial opportunities related to the AMDAR data for sourcing funds to assist the Programme s operation and expansion. WMO will: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Contribute the required and agreed resources to the Governing Board. Contribute to the coordination and oversight of the operation of the IWCAP through the commitment of the required and agreed resources to the OPCT. Contribute to the coordination and oversight of the IWCAP financial framework. Contribute to the implementation and oversight of the IWCAP Data Policy through its maintenance as required within relevant WMO Technical regulations, and regulatory and guidance materials. Coordinate/oversee the establishment of the requirements for AMDAR data of the meteorological community through both the WMO Regional Review of Requirements (RRR) process at the global level and through WMO Regional Associations (RAs) at the regional level. Oversee the agreements with each RDPC and each WIGOS Centre to reinforce IWCAP at regional levels through the APOF and APEF. Oversee the agreements with each IWCAP Operator for the commitment of funds to support the operation of the Programme under the IWCAP Financial Structure.

152 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 6 IATA-WMO Collaboration on the AMDAR Programme Proposed Concept of Operations Draft Version 9: 7 September 2018

153 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 7 Contents IATA-WMO COLLABORATIVE 1 AMDAR PROGRAMME 1 IATA-WMO Collaboration on the AMDAR Programme 6 Proposed Concept of Operations 6 Executive Summary 9 1. Introduction 11 A. Scope 11 B. Aims Current AMDAR Programme Operation and Structure 12 A. AMDAR Programme Description 12 B. Current Operational Framework 13 C. Status of the Current AMDAR Programme 14 D. Issues with the Current Operational AMDAR Programme Model Overview of IWCAP Concept of Operation to Achieve Aims 17 A. Aim 1 - Expanded and Enhanced Global Data Coverage 17 B. Aim 2 - Increasing Airline Participation 18 C. Aim 3 Improved Process for Establishment and Maintenance of Meteorological Requirements for AMDAR Data 18 D. Aim 4 Sustained Funding of Operations and Development 19 E. Aim 5 Simplified Costing and Procurement 19 F. Aim 6 - Well Defined Business Relationships between Programme Partners 19 G. Aim 7 Improved Data Ownership, Management and Security 20 H. Aim 8 - Increased Efficiencies and Wider Integration of AMDAR in the Aviation Industry 20 I. Aim 9 - Wider Availability and Improved Use of AMDAR IWCAP Operational and Programmatic Structure 22 A. Overview 22 B. Operational Structure 23 (1) Airlines and Aircraft 24 (2) Data Service Provision 24 (3) Regional Data Processing Centres 25 (4) Global AMDAR Data OptimizationOptimization System 25 (5) WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System for Aircraft-Based Observations 25 (6) Global Data Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations 25 (7) IATA Flight Operations 26 C. IWCAP Programmatic Structure 26 (1) IWCAP Governing Board 27 (2) IWCAP Oversight Planning and Coordination Team 28 (3) IWCAP Operators 29 (4) Ad Hoc Task Teams 29 (5) IATA Organizational Entity Roles 29 (6) WMO Organizational Entities IWCAP Programmatic Processes 32 A. Annual Cycle of Developmental and Implementation Processes 32 B. Developmental Processes 34 (1) Establishing Requirements for AMDAR Observations 34 (2) Planning and Budgeting Processes 35 (3) Meeting Global Requirements 36 (4) Processes and plans for meeting requirements for expanding global AMDAR 37 (5) Meeting requirements for water vapour observations 38 (6) Meeting requirements for turbulence reporting 38

154 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 8 C. Implementation Processes 39 (1) Initial Development and Implementation of the IWCAP Operational System 39 (2) Ongoing Development and Implementation 39 D. Operational Processes and Procedures 40 (1) Data Processing and Data Management 40 (a) IATA Flight Operations Support and Provision of Data to Third Parties 40 (b) Global Data Centre for ABO (GDC-ABO) 40 (c) Data Management and Data Quality Assurance 41 (2) Operational Infrastructure Maintenance and Improvement Business Processes 42 A. Agreements and Contracts 42 (1) IATA-WMO Agreement for Collaboration on the Operation of the AMDAR Programme 42 (2) Agreements with WMO Members Agencies 43 (3) Agreements with IWCAP Operators 43 (4) Agreements with Airlines for Participation in the IWCAP 43 (5) Contracts with Vendors and Suppliers for Provision of Products and Services 43 (6) Establishment of AMDAR Data Policy with WMO Members 43 B. Data Ownership and Policy 44 C. Cost Structure and Funding 44 (1) Data Costs and Procurement 44 (2) Funding of the Programme 45 (3) Funding IWCAP Development and Improvement 47 (4) Funding AMDAR Programme and Capacity Development in Least Developed Countries 48 D. Commercial Requirements for AMDAR data Justification and Business Case 48 A. Differences between Existing and Proposed AMDAR Programmes 48 B. Justification for IWCAP 48 C. Business Case for IWCAP 48 Annex I Acronyms and Abbreviations 49

155 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document provides a Concept of Operations that describes the principles and operational framework under which the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) will collaborate together on the future operation of the WMO Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) Programme as a contribution to the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS). The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) Programme is based on the automated measurement and transmission of meteorological (MET) data from an aircraft platform. Observational meteorological data collected by the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) from the airlines through the AMDAR Programme is of high value to the global meteorological community for its ability to increase forecasting accuracy for all users of weather forecasts, including aviation. While the programme has been successfully growing and functioning in Europe, North America, Asia and Oceania, some other areas such as Northern and Central Africa, Eastern Europe, Western and Central Asia, the Southwest Pacific and the Middle East remain datasparse. One of the reasons for this, among others, is limited funding available in these regions for programme expansion. Acknowledging the benefits of AMDAR data to the meteorological community, and consequently the aviation industry, through improved meteorological forecast accuracy, IATA and WMO propose to jointly work on expanding the programme to new geographical areas whilst introducing new measures to give participating airlines better control over, and access to the data they provide to the programme. The IATA-WMO Collaborative AMDAR Programme (IWCAP) will develop and establish the cooperation intended to achieve these objectives. The collaboration would license all WMO Members to use all AMDAR data produced under the IWCAP and provided on the GTS in compliance with the IWCAP data policy and with WMO Resolutions and Regulations applicable to AMDAR data. By creating a formal partnership between the airlines (represented by IATA) and the WMO (representing its member NMHSs), the IWCAP will seek to improve AMDAR Programme management and the overall efficiency of the observing system. This includes the formation of a Governing Board and a more streamlined IATA-led process for promoting the global benefit of providing aircraft observations and recruiting airlines to do so under the IWCAP, in response to evolving meteorological requirements. Additionally, a more robust funding and cost structure will be developed that reimburses airlines for their costs and provides a more uniform cost burden across NMHSs globally. In each WMO Region, an AMDAR Programme Operating Fund (APOF) will be created to provide real-time operating resources as well as an AMDAR Programme Expansion Fund (APEF) to provide for Programme development and enhancement. These funds will be managed and accounted regionally by IWCAP Operators oversighted by WMO and the IWCAP Governing Board. The IWCAP will put in place a more formalized WMO-led process for establishing and maintaining requirements for AMDAR data through both the WMO Regional Review of Requirements (RRR) process at the global level, and also through a coordinated process through WMO Regional Associations on an annual basis, as a component of the Regional

156 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 10 Basic Observing Network (RBON), resulting in regional operational and development plans for each of WMO six regional AMDAR Programmes. Based on established regional requirements and plans, an IWCAP Oversight, Planning & Coordination Team (OPCT) would consolidate global plans for annual IWCAP operations and development, taking into account additional global and international requirements identified through the RRR and the WMO Global Basic Observing Network (GBON). The operational aspects of the AMDAR programme would be consolidated through a number of WMO designated regional and global WIGOS centres, which would be responsible for the operation and maintenance of IWCAP systems. Such centres would include Regional Data Processing Centres (RDPC), Global and/or Regional Monitoring Centres, a Lead Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations and a Global Data Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations (GDC-ABO). Operational roles would, in most cases, be undertaken by designated WMO Members, funded where necessary through the IWCAP funds. The IWCAP will establish the principles underlying a secure data ownership and data release policy that will clearly establish the original data ownership by the airlines, while ensuring that products derived from the use of AMDAR data would be owned by the NMHSs, in accordance with their national policies and regulations. The IWCAP will improve the efficiency and security of data management of the AMDAR programme through the role and functions of the RDPCs and the GDC-ABO, which would be responsible for secure management and quality control of AMDAR data, thereby ensuring its timely provision on the WMO Information System (WIS). To improve efficiencies in airline recruitment, the IWCAP will take advantage of IATA s position and prominence in the aviation industry to ensure that the programme is more widely recognized and integrated within the aviation industry. This will ensure that solutions for AMDAR software functionality are optimized and implemented on the most appropriate avionics systems; that operational costs such as data communications services and AMDAR software development are minimized; and that aircraft manufacturers provide either optimal AMDAR data solutions available with new aircraft delivery or that can be readily retrofitted. The benefits of this will be a positive impact on airline operations, less need of in-house resources in joining the programme and a more streamlined and efficient process for doing so. Through its established governance and operational framework, the IWCAP will expand and enhance AMDAR Programme spatial coverage, concentrating efforts in those data-sparse regions that will deliver the most impact and benefit to data users and the meteorological and aviation communities. Generally, the IWCAP will seek to find efficient and optimal ways to enhance the Programme, particularly focusing on efforts to extend water vapour and turbulence measurements reported globally.

157 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p INTRODUCTION This document describes the key concepts and elements for the operation of the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) Programme under a proposed collaboration between the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). This IATA-WMO Collaboration on AMDAR Programme (IWCAP) has a scope and aims as described below. AMDAR observations are measurements of meteorological parameters made from an aircraft platform, which meet specific temporal, spatial and quality requirements, as defined by WMO and its NMHSs. AMDAR observations are derived from the WMO AMDAR observing system, which is defined and maintained as a component of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System. AMDAR observations are also the dominant source of the general class of Aircraft-Based Observations (ABOs). Other ABO types, such as those meteorological observations derived from ICAO Aircraft Reports (AIREPs), Pilot Reports (PIREPS) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract (ADS-C) observations, which may have associated meteorological data, are programmatically and managerially distinct from AMDAR data. The anticipated IWCAP impacts AMDAR data only, and does not impact any of these other types, which are governed by other international requirements, regulations or agreements. A. Scope The IWCAP will aim to improve, extend and enhance the existing WMO AMDAR Programme, chiefly through the recruiting of new airlines to the programme and the extension of some aspects of the programme, including the wider measurement of water vapour and turbulence. In developing this framework to support the extension and enhancement of the programme, the IWCAP will offer a collaborative operational framework under which the existing AMDAR Programmes could in the future be migrated; however, this would not be mandatory or enforced and would be at the discretion of the national programme operator in collaboration with the relevant WMO Regional Association. The IWCAP does not aim, or intend to establish mandatory or enforced obligations on either the meteorological or aviation communities, but seeks to extend and enhance an existing Public Private Partnership between the two communities so as to broaden and improve the well-documented benefits and positive impacts derived from the current AMDAR Programme. The IWCAP will not incorporate requirements for aircraft-based observations derived from other sources of aircraft reports that are regulated by other bodies or organizations. This includes, in particular, those aircraft reports that are defined and regulated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). However, the IWCAP will, where possible and agreed, take into account the availability of other sources of aircraft-based observations and the systems that produce such observations, when developing requirements for observations, plans and solutions for their provision from the AMDAR observing system. The IWCAP will be limited to activities associated with the establishment of a framework that supports meeting the aims outlined below.

158 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 12 B. Aims The IWCAP has the following aims: (1) an expanded and enhanced global aircraft-based observations data coverage that will contribute to meeting the national, regional and global requirements for upper-air observations under the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements; (2) implementation of a more efficient and simplified process for airlines to join and contribute to the Programme; (3) an improved process for the establishment and provision of requirements for AMDAR data by NMHSs and data users, based primarily on the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements and as a component system contributing to the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS); (4) implementation of a sustainable funding mechanism to support AMDAR operations and expansion that will also facilitate participation by least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS); (5) introduction of a simplified, equitable and centralized costing and remuneration system for AMDAR operations and development, based on more efficient and economic solutions for infrastructure and operational services; (6) establishing a more efficient business relationship between AMDAR programme operators (NMHSs), data users, data providers and other stakeholders; (7) more secure and better defined AMDAR data ownership and management practices; (8) a more efficient and optimized AMDAR programme derived from improved recognition and better integration of AMDAR with the aviation industry; and (9) a more extensive and improved use of AMDAR data in support of both meteorology, aviation and the wider community. In Chapter 2, the current status of the AMDAR Programme is reviewed and critiqued in light of the above aims. Chapter 3 summarizes elements of the future IWCAP. The IWCAP governance and organizational structure are presented in Chapter 4, noting the reliance on existing and highly functional organizational elements and processes within both IATA and WMO. A summary of the IWCAP operation, development and budget cycle is given in Chapter 5, and a summary of business processes for the future IWCAP is presented in Chapter CURRENT AMDAR PROGRAMME OPERATION AND STRUCTURE A. AMDAR Programme Description The global AMDAR programme was initiated by WMO and its Members, in cooperation with aviation partners and has led to the development of the AMDAR observing system. The AMDAR observing system is a sub-system of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System and the Global Observing System, which is defined and maintained under the WMO World Weather Watch Programme.

159 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 13 The AMDAR system utilizes predominantly existing aircraft on-board sensors, computers and communications systems to collect, process, format and transmit meteorological data to ground stations via satellite or radio links. Once on the ground, the data is relayed to NMHSs, where it is processed, quality controlled and transmitted on the WMO Global Telecommunications System (GTS) of the WIS. The data collected are used for a range of meteorological applications, including, meteorological Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), public weather forecasting, climate monitoring and prediction, early warning systems for weather hazards and, importantly, weather monitoring and prediction in support of the aviation industry. The global AMDAR observing system is comprised of the operational AMDAR observing systems maintained by National & Regional AMDAR Programmes in collaboration with their partner airlines. WMO maintains the international regulatory material and standards for operation of the AMDAR observing system and, through its Technical Commissions, oversees the maintenance and development of the AMDAR observing system and the work programme on aircraft-based observations through the coordination of Technical Commission expert teams. WMO Members continue to develop and expand the AMDAR observing system in line with the Actions of the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) Implementation Plan for the Evolution of the Global Observing System. Resource material related to national and regional AMDAR programme development can be found in the WMO AMDAR Resources/AMDAR Programme Development area. B. Current Operational Framework Currently, the AMDAR programme has two distinct operational models. The first model is fundamentally national in operation, in which a country NMHS or Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) partners with one or more of its national airlines to develop and implement a national AMDAR programme. The operation of the national programme is based on both the national and international (WMO) requirements for aircraft-based observations. Agreements are made between the AMDAR programme national partners, which generally license the national NMHS to use the AMDAR data within applications for the provision of forecast products and services. These agreements also allow the data to be exchanged on the WIS and for their subsequent use by WMO member countries and NMHS under, and in accordance with WMO, Resolution 40. The other model is based on a regional approach, in which several NMHSs agree to cooperate on the operation of an AMDAR programme, sharing resources and costs and defining the requirements for its operation and output based on mutual agreement. The EUMETNET/E-AMDAR programme is an example of such a programme, which has flourished under a small, centralized management structure contracted to a NMHS to coordinate and operate the programme on behalf of EUMETNET and its members. Some operational aspects of this regional model will form the basis of the approach that IATA and WMO would seek to establish in each WMO region to support the operational and developmental framework for the proposed collaboration on AMDAR.

160 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 14 C. Status of the Current AMDAR Programme The current Global AMDAR Programme consists of 12 national and regional AMDAR programmes involving more than 30 countries in collaboration with 40 partner national airlines and a combined global fleet of more than 5000 aircraft. Over the past 5 years, the global AMDAR Programme has been very successful in increasing the number of reports transmitted to the NMHSs in support of weather forecasting (Figure 1). Growth was rapid from , primarily due to increased airline participation globally derived from concerted efforts by WMO and the leading national and regional AMDAR programmes to assist other countries in developing new AMDAR capabilities. For example, the USA has been instrumental in the development of new programmes in Central and South America and EUMETNET has undertaken similar leadership in Europe and nearby regions such as Northern Africa and Eastern Europe. Since 2015, however, the number of observations has plateaued at around 750,000 observations per day. WMO activities have continued to focus on further development and expansion of the AMDAR programme including the critical development and expansion of water vapour and turbulence monitoring. Efforts have also been made to enhance and expand the wider WMO ABO Programme to include increased derivation of ABO data from Air Traffic Management (ATM) navigation and Air Traffic Control (ATC) aircraft reports such as ADS-C, Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast (ADS-B) and Secondary Surveillance Radar (Mode S). While currently smaller in number, it is expected that these reports will greatly increase in the future as a complement to AMDAR observations.

161 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 15 Figure 1. Averaged daily number of aircraft-based observations transmitted on the WMO Global Telecommunications System over 2007 to September Different coloured lines indicate data volumes derived from different sources: all aircraft and all systems (black); AMDAR only (blue), from the AMDAR Programme with reports submitted in binary format (BUFR, red); and from the AMDAR Programme with reports submitted in text format (FM42, green); and, from ICAO data sources (AIREP and ADS, magenta). D. Issues with the Current Operational AMDAR Programme Model While the programme has been successfully growing and functioning in Europe, North America, Asia and Oceania, some other areas such as Northern and Central Africa, Eastern Europe, Western and Central Asia, the Southwest Pacific and the Middle East remain datasparse, often due to limited funding and technical capability to support programme expansion in these regions. Figure 2 provides a depiction of the current global coverage of aircraft-based observations over a 24-hour period. Figure 2 (Courtesy of the USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Systems Division (GSD), AMDAR Data Display). Representative coverage of aircraft-based observations available on the WMO Global Telecommunications System over a 24 hour period on 30 September Colours, ranging from red through light blue, indicate the altitude of the observation indicated by dot points. Only a limited number of observations are shown due to the limited image resolution in this case, around 22,000 of more than 715,000 observations are plotted. The AMDAR Programme has successfully incorporated reliable and timely data streams of observed winds and temperature from a wide variety of airframes and international airlines, together with descriptive metadata needed for use by the operational meteorological community. While WMO and its Members have made great progress in working with aviation industry organizations to standardize AMDAR reporting within aviation communications protocols and primary avionics systems, there is still more progress to be made to achieve

162 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 16 greater efficiency and ease of implementation. Moreover, data ownership and management standards and practices are insufficiently uniform, robust and secure for an operational system serving both the aviation and meteorological sectors. Incorporation of water vapour measurements has lagged in many regions of the world and is seen as a critical priority for the programme moving forward. In addition to these moisture measurements being an increasingly important input to global, regional and higher-resolution NWP, they will also meet meteorological requirements for the calculation of atmospheric stability indices required for severe weather forecasting, as well as contribute to meeting aviation requirements for knowledge and forecasting of icing potential. Additionally, wider monitoring and reporting of turbulence is required by both the aviation and meteorological communities, despite the technical difficulties of sampling aircraft motion and its response to atmospheric turbulence. A first step is the gathering of turbulence data and associated metadata, which are used for aviation operations and in meteorology for forecast applications and their verification. Costs for data communications, software development and implementation and other business practices differ by State, region and from programme to programme as NMHSs have made their contractual arrangements with partner airlines or data integrators independently of other global partners, even though supporting requirements are very similar. The current Programme would benefit from a more cooperative and structured approach to development and operation at both the regional and global levels, including a more robust funding framework that is acceptable to both the NMHSs and the airlines. In summary, the key issues that the IWCAP would aim to improve or resolve are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) lack of a simple and more homogeneous data cost structure and other business practices for the AMDAR Programme; difficulties with convincing airline of the benefits for participation in the programme and the requirements and process for doing so, lack of efficient and effective processes for integrating AMDAR data into airline operations; lack of sustainable, improved funding mechanisms and coordination to support AMDAR development in data-sparse areas and in developing and least developed countries; lack of coordination of requirements for the provision of AMDAR data by NMHSs; lack of understanding and implementation of data policy arrangements, and data management and security procedures; lack of knowledge of AMDAR and its requirements for operation among IATA partners, suppliers and applications developers; and unmet requirements for wider implementation of water vapor and turbulence monitoring. Meeting the IWCAP aims will address these issues.

163 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p OVERVIEW OF IWCAP CONCEPT OF OPERATION TO ACHIEVE AIMS This section briefly describes and summarises the key concepts and operating elements of the proposed IWCAP that will be developed and implemented in order to meet the aims of the programme, which are listed in in section 1.B. Each section, A to I, addresses the corresponding numbered aim. A. Aim 1 - Expanded and Enhanced Global Data Coverage The aim to expand and enhance the global coverage of AMDAR so as to better meet WMO requirements for upper-air meteorological observations in support of improved weather forecasting and services is the primary aim of the collaboration and will be achieved through addressing and meeting the all of the aims below. AMDAR data are produced from operational national AMDAR programmes by participating aircraft in two primary modes of observing and reporting of meteorological variables: 1) As vertical profiles when the aircraft is on ascent or descent at terminal national and international airports, and 2) As en-route data, whilst aircraft are travelling between airports in the upper troposphere at altitudes of more than 30,000 feet. This leads to a data coverage for the programme that is limited and has gaps as described in section 2.D. The IWCAP will focus primarily on introducing new airlines to the programme so as to optimally fill these gaps in data coverage from aircraft-based observations. The provision of valuable observations from areas where current observing density is low will provide the largest positive impact to meteorological Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models and forecasting services and products, resulting in improved, timely meteorological and weather related information for aviation, which ultimately will lead to safer and more efficient flight operations. While the impact of temperature and wind measurements to provide meteorological information is critical for flight operations, there are compelling reasons for adding water vapour (moisture) and turbulence measurements. Moisture measurements are important for diagnosis of clouds, fog formation/dissipation, icing and potential severe weather, all of which impact flight operations. Moisture measurements are also important meteorologically to capture real-time atmospheric stability, and cloud and precipitation evolution. Likewise, there are meteorological requirements for global atmospheric turbulence estimates both enroute and near airports due to needs for modeling and verification of forecasts for turbulent transport of moisture, temperature and momentum. Furthermore, turbulence greatly impacts aviation business, especially flight planning to maximize safety. Through the governance and operational framework established and based on high-level coordination, oversight and assistance from IATA and WMO, the IWCAP will expand and enhance the AMDAR programme coverage concentrating efforts to do so in those datasparse regions which will deliver the most impact and benefit to data users and the meteorological and aviation communities. The collaboration will seek to find efficient and optimal ways to enhance the programme, particularly focusing on efforts to extend measurement of moisture and turbulence globally.

164 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 18 B. Aim 2 - Increasing Airline Participation Based on the better defined business relationships developed under the IWCAP, the processes for airlines to join and contribute to the IWCAP will be better defined and able to be adopted more readily and uniformly throughout the aviation industry. The process for IATA airlines joining the programme under the IWCAP will be streamlined, based on and harmonized with the improved process for establishing the requirements for AMDAR data by WMO Members. Through IATA-led promotion and education, airlines and other industry partners will better understand the benefits of participating in the programme and the technical requirements for establishing the necessary infrastructure and processes for contributing to the programme under pre-established and agreed terms and conditions that protect their data ownership. WMO and IATA will together facilitate contact and dialogue between airlines, NMHSs and IWCAP operators to ensure efficient and smooth planning and implementation of new programme partnerships. Airlines will be assisted by the programme s Oversight, Planning & Coordination Team (OPCT) and other organizational technical bodies and task teams to establish their programmes and will be reimbursed for incurred developmental and operational costs directly from the programme funds. C. Aim 3 Improved Process for Establishment and Maintenance of Meteorological Requirements for AMDAR Data The IWCAP will put in place a more formalized WMO-led process for establishing and maintaining national, regional and global requirements for aircraft-based observations and AMDAR data based on a formalised, annual process harmonized with the operation of the WMO Regional Basic Observing Network. Global requirements would be established in collaboration with the WMO technical commission responsible for observational data and infrastructure, based on consolidated regional requirements and taking into account data user requirements maintained through the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements process. Regional requirements would be managed and maintained by WMO Regional Associations, through a process in which WMO member countries would be requested to provide their ongoing and future national requirements for aircraft-based observations to a regional working group, which would then incorporate and consolidate those requirements into a regional development and operational plan for each of WMO six regional AMDAR Programmes. Requirements of developing countries as well as those for disaster risk reduction will be given special attention, including the establishment and utilization of other funding mechanisms to support programme development and operational costs. Based on the established regional requirements and plans, the IWCAP Oversight, Planning & Coordination Team (OPCT) would develop global plans for the development and ongoing operation of the IWCAP. The plans would then be implemented through the established developmental and operational procedures and resourced from the operational and development funds. Requirements for AMDAR data will be maintained under continuous review to assure programme outputs are fit-for-purpose and optimized with other sources of observations (e.g. other sources of aircraft-based observations, satellites, radio-sonde, operational weather radars, surface-based GNSS data, etc.) in supporting WMO Application Areas.

165 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 19 D. Aim 4 Sustained Funding of Operations and Development The IWCAP would incorporate a more robust, well-defined and simplified funding and cost structure for both the operational and developmental components of the AMDAR Programme. The Governing Board would oversee the establishment and operation of both the AMDAR Programme Operating Fund (APOF) and the AMDAR Programme Expansion Fund (APEF). These funds would be contributed through several means, primarily consisting of the contributions of WMO Members to support their requirements for AMDAR observations and the development and operation of the infrastructure required to support their provision. E. Aim 5 Simplified Costing and Procurement AMDAR data communications and other operational costs currently differ widely across the globe, mostly due to the individual development of programmes in different regions and varying financial capacities. A simpler and more equitable cost structure, acceptable to both NMHS and airline partners and taking advantage of improved and more efficient arrangements with service providers, will result in a more economic programme with fair and equitable reimbursement for airline participation. Operating and data provision fee structure(s) would be as simple as possible and aimed at a relatively uniform global, or at least regional cost per observation that would take into account a minimum of relevant or necessary factors, for example, varying national or regional communications costs, or the requirement for sensor installation for water vapour measurement if required. A collaborative approach to the operation and funding of the Programme would potentially allow all nations to participate in the programme, with the cost structure taking into account the varying national capability to both utilize and meet the costs of their provision. These funds collected as part of IWCAP, would also allow for contribution from other sources and donors that have an interest in supporting the programme s development and operation, particularly within least developed countries and over data-sparse areas. Under the IWCAP framework, each NMHS would be responsible for meeting the operational costs for the required AMDAR profile data produced within their country or region and would contribute toward meeting the costs of global and regional en-route data. However, data reception and processing would be undertaken on a regional basis, creating efficiencies and saving costs through the collaborative funding and sharing of resources and infrastructure. Mechanisms and funding strategies for capacity development and operational support will also be put in place to ensure that Least Developed Countries (LDC) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) could readily contribute to and benefit from the programme. Commercialisation of AMDAR data to private entities would be undertaken by IATA. The revenue from this would be used to offset the costs to NMHSs of the operation of the programme and to remunerate participating airlines and offset some of the cost associated with Programme implementation and data provision. IATA will retain an agreed upon percentage of the revenues from the sale of AMDAR data to offset any costs associated with commercializing the data to third parties. F. Aim 6 - Well Defined Business Relationships between Programme Partners Within the current AMDAR Programme, business relationships between NMHSs and airlines, have evolved historically and differently based on the varying ways that national programmes have been developed and implemented and usually focused primarily on

166 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 20 national requirements. This has resulted in heterogeneous business relationships and data policies across the globe. A more uniform approach to business relationships in the operation of the programme would result in an improved and more efficient programme development and operation, a greater willingness for airlines to participate and a greater willingness and capacity for NMHSs to support the development of new partnerships with airlines. It is proposed to create and maintain a formal partnership between the airlines (represented by IATA) and the NMHSs (represented by the WMO). Based on this partnership, IATA and WMO will together establish a governance and agreement framework, wherein each partner will have well-defined, complementary roles and will work with the other partner on common processes and programme issues. Under the IWCAP, both IATA and WMO will contribute to the membership of the Governing Board and the Oversight, Planning & Coordination Team (OPCT). These entities would define and oversee the functions and roles of resourced Operators, which would be primarily responsible for the programme s execution. Additionally both organizations would contribute to the establishment of ad hoc tasks teams to undertake well defined activities and tasks in support of the programme and continue to provide leadership and expertise to the programme through and from within their respective existing organizational bodies and supporting technical programmes. G. Aim 7 Improved Data Ownership, Management and Security Data ownership, management and security are critical issues for the IWCAP due to the requirement to ensure the security of AMDAR data as the property of the participating airlines. The collaboration will establish the principles underlying a more uniform data policy, together with other practices, strategy and processes for data management and security. The agreements will clearly establish the original data ownership of the airlines, while ensuring that products derived from AMDAR data would be owned by the NMHSs. Likewise, products derived from AMDAR data by third Parties in which IATA enters a commercial relationship shall be owned by those third Parties. Data management would be made more efficient through the establishment of a number of regional data processing and other required regional centres under the wider WIGOS framework. These Regional WIGOS Centres would be responsible for secure management and quality control of AMDAR data, ensuring its timely provision on the WIS. WMO Members would access the data from the WIS and make use of them as they do now and in accordance with the relevant WMO regulatory framework and the IATA-WMO data policy. Non-real-time AMDAR Data would be licensed by IATA for archival in the AMDAR Global Data Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations (GDC-ABO) from which it will be accessible and used by WMO Member NMHS and research agencies, non-commercial entities and others through a formalized validation process. H. Aim 8 - Increased Efficiencies and Wider Integration of AMDAR in the Aviation Industry The collaboration will take advantage of IATA s position and prominence in the aviation industry to ensure that the programme is more widely recognized and integrated within the aviation industry. While WMO has developed functional and operational standards for AMDAR on-board software and for the management of the data by NMHSs, the programme would be advantaged and made more efficient by improved coordination with aircraft manufacturers, avionics vendors, applications developers and other related service

167 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 21 providers, giving them a better understanding of the operation of the programme and seeking their contribution to its development through more formalized and centralized planning and implementation processes. The wider integration of AMDAR will be realized through measures such as: (a) (b) (c) (d) Ensuring that solutions for AMDAR software functionality are optimized and implemented on the most appropriate avionics systems; Coordinating the development of solutions for meeting requirements for provision of AMDAR data with airlines and aviation experts; Putting in place wider competitive tendering processes for services so as to minimize operational costs and optimize some aspects of the programme, such as data communications services and AMDAR software development; and Working with aircraft manufacturers to ensure that AMDAR solutions are optimally provided and available with new aircraft delivery or readily retrofitted. Efficiencies and reduced costs associated with the development and operation of the Programme would be derived through: (a) (b) (c) (d) Reduced costs of AMDAR onboard software provision and implementation as a result of standardization and industry cooperation, ensuring availability of solutions for retrofit; Regional collaboration on data management based on standardization of data representation, alleviating the requirement for redundant and costly development of national data processing centers; Centralized and direct negotiation of lower data communications costs with service providers, based on wider implementation and realization of programme expansion; and Other costs reductions based on efficiencies derived from a collaborative approach to programme operation, including reduction in resources required for data quality monitoring and systems fault rectification. These measures will be implemented through both ongoing and ad hoc (as-required) procedures, processes and activities put in place by the IWCAP, overseen and managed by the governance and operational framework. I. Aim 9 - Wider Availability and Improved Use of AMDAR While use of AMDAR data is well-established in the meteorological community and the benefits well documented, particularly in weather forecast applications, in other areas it is not being used to its full potential. WMO will continue to promote and ensure the use of AMDAR data in meteorological, climate and other applications areas and that it is used particularly to improve and enhance weather services and products for aviation operations. IATA will also promote AMDAR programme participation and the benefits of the data to the aviation community while at the same time analysing and implementing operational procedures that can facilitate its wider and more active use for applications such as flight operations and flight management.

168 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 22 IATA will also seek to promote the use of AMDAR data by other data users, ensuring that the programme and the participating partners benefit from resources derived from any related commercial revenues. As the AMDAR programme is enhanced globally with wider provision of water vapour and turbulence information, it is expected that the benefits and impact of its use for the relevant application areas will be correspondingly improved and acknowledged, leading to further expansion of the programme over the longer term. 4. IWCAP OPERATIONAL AND PROGRAMMATIC STRUCTURE A. Overview This section describes the entities, systems and processes that would form the new IWCAP and support its developmental, implementation and operational elements. The initial IWCAP operations will largely be based technically on the current WMO AMDAR Programme that is currently executing reliably to deliver data to users. However, to realise the efficiencies and economic advantages of a regional and collaborative approach, the IWCAP will take a more centralized (regional or global) approach to the following key areas of the programme: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Airline recruitment and agreement making. Establishment of requirements for observations. Planning, development and implementation. Data management and provision. Avionics requirements and development. Funding, accounting, and disbursement of costs. Over time, it would be expected that most existing national and regional programmes would be migrated to the IWCAP framework with little change at the national level except the integration into the regional approach and the transfer of the resourcing arrangements to the IWCAP. Under the IWCAP, it would be expected that currently existing operational programmes would become more cost efficient, better optimized and provide improved coverage. Currently existing programmes would be expected to continue to operate under the current model so as to honour existing contractual obligations and/or until such time as it is convenient or more cost efficient for them to be migrated. Additionally, it is expected that the transition to the global IWCAP operations would be undertaken with an iterative approach on a region by region basis as each WMO Regional Association confirms a decision by its member NMHSs to participate and collaboratively gather and define its requirements for participation under the model described in section 5.B and as a component of the maintenance of the Regional Basic Observations Network. This process would be coordinated by the IWCAP Oversight, Planning & Coordination Team (OPCT) in cooperation with the relevant WMO Regional Associations and its relevant work groups.

169 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 23 In some cases, the regional operational programmes could be initially established from new or existing national programmes that are adapted or developed and combined within each WMO Region in conformity with the new IWCAP operational framework and structure that is depicted in Figure 3 and described below. In this way and possibly commencing with WMO Region VI with the support and participation of the EUMETNET/E-AMDAR programme, the IWCAP would be expected to commence operations at the start of 2020 after an initial development period over B. Operational Structure A depiction of the proposed operational structure (right hand panel) showing the various key entities and operational and developmental (left hand panel) processes, is provided in Figure 3. This structure is applicable to each of the 6 WMO Regions. Figure 3. Overview of IWCAP operations. Figure 4 below provides more detail regarding data flow under the IWCAP, including the systems and centres that make up the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System for Aircraft- Based Observations and the Global Data Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations. The systems and centres that will form the operations of the IWCAP are described below.

170 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 24 Figure 4. Overview of IWCAP operations. (1) Airlines and Aircraft The IWCAP Operators (see section 4.C) will establish collaborative agreements with each participating airline that will be based on the over-arching agreement between WMO and IATA for operation and development of the AMDAR programme. Their introduction to the Programme and the process for their integration into the program will be assisted by IATA and coordinated by the IWCAP OPCT. (2) Data Service Provision Through collaboration and strong business relationships with aviation Data Service Providers (DSPs), observations taken on-board operating aircraft of participating airlines are downlinked in near-real-time via a land and satellite-based communications network to designated Regional Data Processing Centres (RDPC).

171 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 25 (3) Regional Data Processing Centres Regional Data Processing Centres (RDPCs) will be established by WMO and its Regional Associations under the WIGOS framework. These centres would be operated by WMO Members and authorized and resourced to receive, decode and process downlinked, incoming AMDAR data and, after specified quality control, format them for distribution on the WMO Information System by secured networks to NMHSs for operational use in meteorological and other applications, in accordance with the agreed data policy under the IWCAP. (4) Global AMDAR Data OptimizationOptimization System The Global AMDAR Data OptimizationOptimization System (G-ADOS) will be established and operated under the IWCAP to support the efficient and economic meeting of national, regional and global requirements for provision of AMDAR observations. The G-ADOS is a ground-based system that will support two-way communications with AMDAR on-board software so as to optimize the reporting of the global AMDAR fleet by reconfiguring the reporting status of participating aircraft to optimally meet requirements for data, while eliminating unnecessary redundant data that might otherwise be produced and needlessly increase the costs of the operation of the programme. The system also provides a means for efficiently and quickly catering for the changing and evolving requirements for data by data users, allowing an increase or a reduction in data resolution to be implemented at very little cost. Such reprogramming can even catering for seasonal or even shorter time-scale modifications in programme output to cater for varying climate and weather forecasting applications. The costing, financing and accounting framework would need to cater to such shorter term change requests. (5) WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System for Aircraft-Based Observations The WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System is comprised of several Regional WIGOS Centres that would provide data quality and incident management functions to the Programme to monitor data quality and coordinate processes to manage data quality issues and rectify associated incidents. Lead Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations The WMO designated global Lead Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations under WIGOS will be responsible for the quality evaluation and incident management processes associated with AMDAR data quality management under the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System. Regional Associations will be responsible for establishing Regional WIGOS Centres for handling regional incident management processes. Monitoring Centres for Aircraft-Based Observations The WMO designated Monitoring Centres for Aircraft-Based Observations will be responsible for undertaking quality monitoring processes to support AMDAR data quality management under the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System. Monitoring centres would be established under the WIGOS framework at either the global or regional level as required. (6) Global Data Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations The WMO GDC-ABO is the international repository for aircraft-based observations and will provide access to AMDAR data in non-real time to researchers and other non-profit institutions as well as other approved or licensed data users (third parties).

172 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 26 (7) IATA Flight Operations In addition to supporting real-time and other meteorological applications the AMDAR data derived from the programme would also support the operational activities of participating airlines and the aviation industry through the coordination and support of IATA. IWCAP RDPCs would transmit the AMDAR data to the IATA MET Data Platform where they would be integrated into operational systems for provision to airline partners. Within the agreed arrangements with airlines and WMO, IATA would also provide the data to third parties in support of aviation operations or under commercial arrangements. A percentage of the revenue from commercial sale of data by IATA should flow back into the programme to support airline participation and programme development and expansion. C. IWCAP Programmatic Structure IATA and WMO are proposing a collaboration to govern, operate and develop the global AMDAR Programme, with a view to optimally meeting the aims established and briefly described in Section 3 and the operational structure defined above. To sustain the management, development and operation of the AMDAR programme, the IWCAP will establish a programmatic structure to support the additional required management and coordination processes and technical working relationships between the partners. The major elements of this programmatic structure are indicated in green and orange in Figure 5: (a) (b) (c) (d) Governing Board, Oversight, Planning and Coordination Team (OPCT), Operators, and Ad Hoc Task Teams (ATTs). These programmatic elements would be supported by the existing entities from both organizations, indicated in yellow (IATA, left side) and blue (WMO, right side). The entities in green would have only a coordinating, assisting and/or oversighting role in the programme and would have no role or function in its day-to-day operation.

173 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 27 Figure 5. Overview of the IWCAP programmatic structure. (1) IWCAP Governing Board The Governing Board will interact at functionally high levels within the IATA and WMO organizational structures to monitor and oversee the achievement of Programme aims and ensure that Programme participation is authorized, balanced, mutually beneficial and sustainable. The Governing Board led by two co-chairs, with one appointed from each organization and would have authority over, and oversight of all IWCAP functions. It would have responsibilities to: (a) (b) (c) (d) develop and formalize the operating relationships between IATA and WMO under the IWCAP; oversee the establishment and maintenance of the IWCAP under terms established in the collaborative agreement between IATA and WMO; develop the terms of reference of, and establish, the IWCAP Oversight Planning and Coordination Team (OPCT); coordinate and promote the IWCAP within the two organizations and among members and relevant constituent and subsidiary bodies;

174 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 28 (e) (f) (g) (h) develop and approve high-level policies, definitions and required agreements relating to the programme and its operation; receive and approve routine reports, budget documents and high-level (global) plans in relation to the programme operation, development and implementation; resolve any critical issues affecting the viability and sustainability of the programme; and ensure integration and coordination of the operational activities of the programme within the respective organizations. IATA and WMO would designate, as necessary, staff and airline member representative experts to the Governing Board and contribute the agreed and required resources to support its operations. These details would be based on and subject to the agreement between WMO and IATA, which would also define mechanisms and processes through which the Governing Board would make its decisions and settle any disputes see Section 6.A.i. (2) IWCAP Oversight Planning and Coordination Team IWCAP developmental and operational functions would be overseen by the OPCT. The OPCT would not be involved the day-to-day operations of the programme, which would be executed by the IWCAP Operators, assisted by IATA and WMO organizational entities through participation in various Ad hoc Tasks Teams (ATTs) that provide specialized technical and programmatic support. The OPCT would be comprised of at least one designated officer from each of IATA and WMO. It would also provide both a meteorological and technical coordination support function according to the needs of the programme and resourced either directly by IATA and WMO or by the IWCAP. The OPCT would be expected to undertake the following functions and activities: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) assist Regional Associations to coordinate the establishment of the IWCAP and oversee its operation; assist Regional Associations to coordinate the establishment and maintenance of the necessary and approved Operators, activities, processes, systems and infrastructure of the IWCAP; at the direction and approval of the Governing Board, oversee the establishment and coordination of IWCAP Ad hoc Task Teams (ATTs); manage and coordinate the processes and procedures for the establishment and maintenance of the national, regional and global requirements for AMDAR data; manage and coordinate the planning and development activities for the IWCAP with IATA and WMO Operators; coordinate the compilation of required reports, budgets and documents and their provision to the Governing Board as necessary; develop, review and maintain necessary agreements and/or regulations with partner airlines, and WMO Members to ensure they support and comply with IWCAP policies and agreements

175 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 29 (h) (i) (j) collaborate with relevant IATA and WMO bodies, work groups and other entities as necessary to support the IWCAP; monitor and report on the quality of IWCAP outputs and associated Key Performance Indicators; and escalate critical operational issues and decisions to the Governing Board. (3) IWCAP Operators IWCAP Operators will be responsible for the operation of the centres and systems depicted in Figures 3 and 4 and described in section 4.B. Operators will be designated by WMO and Regional Associations to undertake the operational aspects of the program related to data management. It is expected that WMO Member NMHSs will generally undertake these roles, resourced by the IWCAP and supported to establish and maintain their designated operations by other IWCAP entities. In some cases, Operator functions could be fulfilled by third parties contracted by the Operators or by WMO directly. (4) Ad Hoc Task Teams Ad hoc Task Teams (ATTs) would be formed by the OPCT at the direction of the Governing Board to fulfil well-defined, temporary or ongoing programmatic activities in support of IWCAP operation, development and/or implementation. ATTs would be comprised of designated, voluntary or funded experts or consultants from either the meteorological and/or aviation areas and would be derived chiefly from IATA and WMO entities and subsidiary bodies, such as secretariat staff, technical commissions, expert teams or other working groups. ATTs would be responsible, among others, for one or more of the following envisaged roles and activities: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) resolving programme operational or developmental issues or problems; overseeing the implementation of a particular developmental aspect of the programme; developing specifications or requirements; interacting or engaging with third-party entities on programme-related matters or objectives; or undertaking promotional, educational or outreach activities in support of the programme. In most cases, the lead or a member of an ATT would report directly and provide deliverables to the OPCT in support of the development or operation of the Programme. (5) IATA Organizational Entity Roles The IWCAP would be expected to be strongly supported by existing IATA and WMO organizational entities for both programme-related operational and developmental activities and provision of expertise. The following IATA organizational entities will contribute to the IWCAP.

176 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 30 (a) (b) IATA Safety and Flight Operations (SFO) and Marketing and Commercial Services (MACS) Divisions would provide oversight and administration for aviation industry. IATA Operations Committee (OPC) would: (i) (ii) (iii) set priorities and oversees the SFO activities; establish Working Groups and Regional Coordinating Groups to provide technical advice and support for campaigns and issues; and act as advisor to the Governing Board and other relevant IATA bodies on all matters that relate to the improvement of safety, security and efficiency of civil air transport. (c) IATA Working Groups (i) Flight Operations Group (FOG) would: - provide expertise and work on mandates related to flight operations and global air traffic management; and - report to the OPC (ii) Flight Operations Support Task Force (FOSTF) would: - support the FOG; and - assist in all matters relating to aviation meteorology, makes recommendations related thereto, and indicates how its recommendations may be implemented in a rational, coordinated and cost-effective manner. (6) WMO Organizational Entities The following WMO organizational entities would be expected to contribute to the IWCAP in the following ways: (a) WMO technical commission responsible for observing networks and information systems: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) review and maintain global requirements for observations and advise on observing system design and evolution; through the coordinated activities of member experts, develop and maintain international and regional operational procedures, standards and guidance for member NMHSs and component systems for a range of operational aspects of the programme including: data processing management, quality control and communications; contribute to the coordination, membership and work programs of IWCAP ATTs; and assist in the establishment and maintenance of operational component systems, such as the Lead Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations and Monitoring Centres.

177 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 31 (b) WMO Regional Associations would: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) develop and maintain regional-level annual and medium-term planning processes and procedures for the establishment and maintenance of national and regional requirements for aircraft-based observations and AMDAR data; in accordance with the IWCAP cost structure and funding framework (see section 6.C) and in collaboration with WMO and the OPCT, establish and coordinate a process to fund the operation of the regional AMDAR programme by IWCAP Operators and associated Regional WIGOS Centres on an annual basis, ensure necessary planning and budgetary documents are developed and made available to the IWCAP; oversight the regional operations and outputs of the IWCAP Operators; under the coordination of the OPCT and operation of IWCAP Operators, interface with operational airlines and DSPs for generating and obtaining data and ensuring optimal data communications and data coverage; Under the Regional WIGOS Centre framework, either establish, operate and maintain or else participate in, an incident management system associated with the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System for aircraft-based observations to facilitate a regional and national response to resolve data quality issues; monitor regional AMDAR systems performance and observations quality; and (viii) establish regional work groups on Aircraft-Based Observations (WG-ABO) to: coordinate the development and maintenance of regional plans, requirements and budgets for AMDAR observations and regional AMDAR programme operations in accordance with the IWCAP and in the context of the Regional Basic Observations Network; assist in the establishment of regional AMDAR data processing and monitoring centres as required, and providing technical support for their maintenance and operation; and oversee the operation of associated Regional WIGOS Centres and the regional component of the AMDAR Data Quality Management System (DQMS). (c) National Meteorological and Hydrological Services would: (i) (ii) determine and provide their requirements for AMDAR ABO in accordance with Regional Association processes and procedures; ensure timely payment of fees and other agreed-upon expenses for data and transmission services to support the regional AMDAR programme and national requirements for ABO through the processes established under the IWCAP;

178 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 32 (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) comply with agreed data policy provisions and requirements established under the IWCAP; provide resources to the Regional Association to support the expert membership and activities of regional WG-ABOs; facilitate optimal use of AMDAR data for real-time aviation forecast services for positive impact on airline operations; and promote the Programme at the national level with the aviation industry and national Civil Aviation Authorities to ensure an understanding of the benefits and the business case for participation in it. 5. IWCAP PROGRAMMATIC PROCESSES A. Annual Cycle of Developmental and Implementation Processes The IWCAP will have three fundamental components: (a) (b) (c) Operational; Implementation; and Developmental. Each component will have well-defined roles, activities and processes to ensure that requirements are established and plans are made within the developmental component. The operational component will consist of those processes and activities required to maintain the IWCAP as described in section 4. The developmental and implementation components will ensure the establishment of requirements for and the transition of, newly developed technology and increased system capabilities into operations under the coordination and management of the IWCAP Oversight, Planning & Coordination Team (OPCT) in collaboration with the IWCAP Operators. The IWCAP annual cycle of developmental, implementation and operational processes, as depicted in Figure 6 below, will be established by the IWCAP to support the ongoing development, expansion and enhancement of the programme based on the established and maintained requirements for aircraft-based observations.

179 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 33 Figure 6. The annual cycle of IWCAP Operations, Development and Implementation. The key processes of the IWCAP Operations, Development and Implementation are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) The establishment and ongoing maintenance of requirements for aircraft-based observations and AMDAR data at the national, regional and global levels; The development and ongoing maintenance of annual and short to medium term regional and global plans for AMDAR programme operations, implementation and development; Review and approval of developmental and operational plans and budgets; Appropriation of funds and resources; Implementation of plans on an annual basis; and Monitoring, review and reporting of operational performance.

180 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 34 B. Developmental Processes (1) Establishing Requirements for AMDAR Observations The process for establishing meteorological requirements will be based on the initial specification of national requirements which are then integrated into a harmonized and consolidated regional set of regional and global requirements in collaboration with WMO Regional Associations and Technical Commissions for provision of AMDAR data from the IWCAP. This fundamental process in the IWCAP ultimately facilitates the establishment and maintenance of global requirements for AMDAR data based on an annual review and update cycle undertaken within each of the six WMO Regional Associations. This process results in 6 sets of regional requirements and associated regional operational and developmental plans which in turn are derived from the individual national requirements for AMDAR data of WMO Regional Association national members (Figure 7). Figure 7. The IATA-WMO Requirements and Planning Process. The regional requirements would, as much as possible, take into account capacities within the region, taking advantage of opportunities to optimize and economise through international and regional planning and infrastructure sharing. Regional resource allocation and budgeting would be based on the established requirements and on regionally and globally agreed costs for development and operation established under the IWCAP. The regional plans and budgets for resource allocation derived from national member contributions would support both the development and ongoing operation of the programme, including both regional and global infrastructure and systems, charges for observational data transmission and processing and management functions. The funds for development and operations would be managed as described in section 4.C. The requirements cover, but are not limited to, measurements of aviation and meteorologically relevant observed parameters, global areal and temporal data coverage, and observed density for both horizontal (en-route) and vertical (soundings) data. Programme and systems development will be focused on expanding global data coverage

181 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 35 for en-route and vertical profile data, improving data quality, processing and security throughout the system, and extending the programme to include or extend coverage of observations measurements, such as water vapour and possibly turbulence, to meet established requirements. The requirements process has a one-year update cycle and includes planning for the coming 5 year period. It may likely include an extended outlook that would enable harmonization with both partners short to longer-term plans and operations. It will have the following elements: (a) (b) National Focal Points (NFPs) in each WMO Region will gather and update requirements for AMDAR observations annually and provide them to the regional Working Groups for Aircraft-Based Observations (WG-ABOs), organized by WMO Regional Associations. The WG-ABOs will annually validate and consolidate national requirements into Regional Requirements (RRs) and oversee a formal planning and implementation cycle for their Regional Association, taking into account the wider requirements for upper-air observations of the Regional Basic Observations Network. (c) Through each WG-ABO, the Regional Association will develop and maintains a 5- year development plan (DP) and an operational plan (OP) that includes the means to support a sustained annual level of both human effort and funding for regional operational execution and planned development and expansion of the AMDAR Programme. Regional and global requirements for AMDAR observations will essentially be formulated independently of the operational system of reporting airlines that is, or might be required to meet the requirements. For the most part, it will be up to the OPCT, the Operators and related ATTs to determine the most efficient and cost-effective solution for the provision of the required observations. This will be determined, planned and budgeted through the IWCAP global planning and budgeting process as described below. (2) Planning and Budgeting Processes The IWCAP will incorporate processes to consolidate regional requirements into plans and budgets for meeting those requirements operationally. The costs of implementing new requirements, procedures, technologies, etc. will be calculated based on costs estimated and agreed under the IWCAP or provided/estimated by IWCAP Operators in consultation with IATA and participating airlines. It will be the role of the OPCT and the Operators to develop and maintain both the developmental and operational plans for the IWCAP, which will be based on a process of consolidating the regional and global requirements for AMDAR into plans and budgets. In summary: (a) (b) Regional requirements, OPs and DPs and funding commitments would be consolidated into a Regional Operational Plan (ROP), a Regional Developmental Plan (RDP) including budgets. The ROP and RDP would incorporate and harmonize additional aspects of requirements for AMDAR Data including:

182 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 36 (c) (d) o Meeting the requirements for AMDAR data of global data users defined under the WMO Global Basic Observing Network (GBON) and/or those users outside the national and regional requirements gathering and maintenance processes; o Consideration of requirements against other sources of upper-air observations and aircraft-based observations for example, upper-air observations from radiosondes, wind profilers and derived from ICAO aircraft reports. o Incorporating requirements and financial support for provision of data in datasparse areas and data for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) see below also; and o The use of internationally operating aircraft fleets to meet requirements for data in data-sparse areas and to improve the programme s efficiency within and between regions. The ROP and RDP and associated budgets would be reviewed and approved by the Governing Board. This process would be conducted annually, with requirements, plans and budgets reviewed and updated for implementation over the next calendar year. The planning and budgeting processes will also take into account special and specific considerations for aspects of the programme s development including: (a) (b) Facilitating participation of least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS) to allow them to benefit nationally and regionally from AMDAR data. Automatic and immediate delivery of AMDAR data during critical situations such as high impact weather for disaster risk reduction purposes. (3) Meeting Global Requirements At the global level, meteorological requirements will be defined and maintained by the WMO Technical Commission in charge of observing network design and evolution through the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements, which maintains technology free and quantitative observational user requirements 1 for all WMO Application Areas. The RRR identifies the gaps in every Application Area, and guides WMO Members in evolving their observing systems to address the gaps, taking into account cost-effectiveness of observing systems and the priorities of WMO members. WMO observing networks contributing to the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) also follow the Observing Network Design principles which are provided in WMO No. 1160, Manual to the WIGOS. Ongoing operation of the IWCAP will be planned and supported based on the continuing requirements of WMO members and other data users for provision of these data as derived from the requirements making process described above and as specified in the regional operating and development plans. These requirements and plans will be consolidated by the OPCT taking into account those additional global requirements identified through the WMO RRR and under the WMO Global Basic Observing Network. 1 For further information, see:

183 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 37 The plans will incorporate and include requirements to operationally support those new aspects of the programme that are implemented through the developmental process in addition to planning for the ongoing maintenance and operation of the system as described below. (4) Processes and plans for meeting requirements for expanding global AMDAR The developmental planning process and the implementation activities will be done in close collaboration with IATA and the airline industry. Based on the requirements for AMDAR observations of WMO members and, in some cases, requirements from other entities that may be received by the IWCAP, the plans for expanding global AMDAR data will be maintained within the IWCAP Global Development Plan (GDP). The GDP will describe the developmental activities, tasks and new infrastructure required to be developed and implemented in order to meet new requirements for observations or to improve the performance of the operational system. This would be accompanied by the budget required to undertake the implementation processes. Within the planning and budgeting cycle, an analysis of the capabilities of the current AMDAR system to be able to meet new requirements for AMDAR observations would be routinely made. This will include an assessment of whether new airlines were required to be recruited to the program. In some cases, based on the ability of the existing system to provide observations through reconfiguration of the reporting regime, possibly through the functionality of the Global AMDAR Data Optimization System (G-ADOS), it might not be necessary to recruit new airlines to meet new requirements. When required, the OPCT and/or ATTs will work with prospective targeted airlines to assess their technical capability and infrastructure and recommend an appropriate technical solution for enabling AMDAR reporting capability on their aircraft, including communications requirements to support the delivery of data to the RDPCs. New airlines would be recruited under the established terms of the IWCAP and through a standardised agreement established with the participating partner airlines. In addition to requirements for the recruitment of new airlines to the programme, the GDP would also take into account: (a) Requirements for maintenance, improvements and upgrades to regional data processing and monitoring infrastructure; (b) (c) (d) (e) Expected operational data volumes and their associated costs; Requirements for development of AMDAR on-board software and other aircraftrelated infrastructure; Schedules for AMDAR software installation, testing and ongoing maintenance; Documentation and distribution of procedures for system maintenance and operation and personnel training; and (f) Engagement with and contracting of DSP(s). IATA will have a lead role within the development and implementation process, through assistance in the establishment of appropriate ATTs and through the undertaking of related

184 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 38 tasks within relevant IATA working groups. IATA will also promote the programme and its benefits within the aviation industry and among its member airlines to facilitate the establishment of partnerships and participation in the programme. (5) Meeting requirements for water vapour observations Given meteorological requirements for water vapour observations as established in the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements, the potential availability of such a measurement from the AMDAR programme and the benefits that can be derived from its wider availability (see Section 7), IATA, in conjunction with the IWCAP, will work with the aviation industry to promote the derivation of solutions to cost-effectively meet such requirements, while minimizing the impact on airline operations. Initially the focus for the IWCAP will be to determine medium to long-term requirements, including both the meteorological and aviation requirements for these observations and make assessment of the best strategies for meeting them, based on a supporting business case. It is clear already that the focus on integration of the measurement capability from the factory floor as an option for new aircraft will be key to those strategies, assuming that the business case supports this. The meteorological community would very likely need to accept that such data would incur a higher cost than other AMDAR observations and that the cost structure and operational budgets would reflect this, however an aim of the IWCAP should be to minimize these costs and reduce them over time. Meeting requirements for water vapour observations would also focus on: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Analysing, assessing and developing the business case across the industry for airline capabilities and readiness to report these data; Facilitating the option for delivery of new aircraft with water vapour measurement capability; Development of cost-effective solutions for retrofit of aircraft to support water vapour measurement; Requirements for testing and certification of sensors; Requirements for updating of AMDAR on-board software to support water vapour provision; and Development of a cost and pricing structure for the data, acceptable to the airlines and WMO, that would allow a simplified planning and budgeting process by WMO Regional Associations, while also supporting further development. (6) Meeting requirements for turbulence reporting The AMDAR observing system supports reporting of turbulence parameters in conjunction with AMDAR functionality as described in the AMDAR On-board Software Functional Requirements Specification (AOSFRS) see 6.F. Turbulence reporting with AMDAR is facilitated through the installation and configuration of an avionics application to which the AMDAR application interfaces to obtain the turbulence related information for reporting via the AMDAR downlink messaging functions. While the integration of the two applications in this way may well be efficient in terms of communications functionality in a programme

185 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 39 where the output from the two applications (AMDAR and turbulence) are required, they can also be managed separately, given their modularity. Currently, IATA is working towards an independent solution for turbulence reporting by airlines to support its aims to operationalize provision of turbulence information to the aviation industry in support of safety and efficiency of flight operations. Under the IWCAP, it is expected that IATA and WMO will agree to share turbulence information to support the operational requirements of both the aviation and meteorological communities. These arrangements will be defined within the IATA-WMO collaboration agreement see 6.A. C. Implementation Processes (1) Initial Development and Implementation of the IWCAP Operational System It is expected that the current WMO AMDAR Programme will over time be evolved into the IWCAP operations. In doing so, the IWCAP organizational (managerial and operating) structures must be implemented jointly between IATA and WMO and functional IATA and WMO activities must be either migrated into the new operations or developed and implemented. An IWCAP Implementation Plan will be developed to provide guidelines and milestones for such initial implementation activities. In the event that currently existing programmes are migrated to the new IWCAP framework, the integration process would be required to take into account ownership and value of existing infrastructure and associated property and rights. This could be done, for example, by ensuring under relevant agreements, that such infrastructure, property and rights were retained by the original owner, or else that the ownership was transferred with agreed remuneration or recompense paid by the new owner or the IWCAP. (2) Ongoing Development and Implementation Following the compilation of the GDP and associated budget each year, the funds would be transferred to the APEF to support implementation into operations, with the aim to undertake the implementation over the 12 to 18 month period subsequent to the developmental plans being finalized. The aim would be to then bring the new developments into the operational programme at the start of the next calendar year following the development and implementation period. The following roles, processes and activities are envisaged to be undertaken by the Operators supported by the OPCT and relevant ATTs: (a) (b) (c) (d) Agreements between relevant partners would be established; Contracts would be established to support required AMDAR software development; Plans would be made with each airline to schedule and resource the implementation process, including installation of required AMDAR on-board software and sensors; Requirements for changes to RDPCs and monitoring systems would be undertaken and funded as necessary;

186 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 40 (e) (f) (g) Contracts for data communications provision would be established with DSPs based on a competitive tendering process where possible; Required changes to the G-ADOS would be planned and made; and Appropriate testing and documentation of systems performance and data quality would be undertaken. D. Operational Processes and Procedures (1) Data Processing and Data Management Under the IWCAP, RDPCs would be established and maintained at the WMO regional level as required to support the Regional AMDAR Programmes through a WMO-led designation process with agreed terms of reference and standard processes and procedures for operation. The operations and resources of the RDPCs would be managed through the regional and global requirements and planning process, with WMO Members supporting their operation through contribution to the IWCAP funds. Regional and global plans for AMDAR operation and development will take into account requirements for data optimizationoptimization and costs associated with redundant data. It is envisaged that the E-AMDAR Data OptimizationOptimization System (E-ADOS) would be re-established as, or extended to become the Global AMDAR Data OptimizationOptimization System (G-ADOS), based on successful negotiation with the current owners and operators. (a) IATA Flight Operations Support and Provision of Data to Third Parties The IWCAP would establish a platform for participating airlines to provide and control access to their data and also to additional operational information based on data derived from the programme. In accordance and agreement with the IWCAP and at the behest of airline partners, IATA would establish a commercialization mechanism for AMDAR data, for which the revenue raised, would be used, in part, to supplement support to the IWCAP funds and also reduce the costs of the programme. Based on an agreed division of such funds, they could also be used to provide an incentive for airlines to participate through offsetting and reducing their own resource allocation to the programme. Commercial third party access to AMDAR data may be facilitated either via the GDC-ABO or, if necessary, through an alternative platform established by IATA. (b) Global Data Centre for ABO (GDC-ABO) The GDC-ABO will provide a centralized source of quality assured AMDAR data from which WMO Members and partners in the aviation industry can securely access non-real-time data in support of non-commercial meteorology, aviation forecasting, climate, research and other applications. Such access would be available through a secure and validated interface that would support and implement the IWCAP data policy and any variations as necessary, while also providing WMO Member NMHS with access to AMDAR data in accordance with the IWCAP and relevant WMO technical regulations. The IWCAP will define access requirements and protocols for the GDC-ABO, which is expected to be operated by the USA in accordance with currently agreed terms of reference. The IWCAP would provide some resourcing to the GDC-ABO in order to support required improvements to functionality and ongoing maintenance.

187 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 41 (c) Data Management and Data Quality Assurance Data Quality Control The first and initial stage of data quality management is its quality control (DQC), which would be undertaken predominantly in two places. Firstly, limited but important and standardized DQC is undertaken by the AMDAR on-board software as observations are made on the aircraft platform. Secondly, the RDPCs would undertake more comprehensive automated and real-time DQC in the context of their ground-based processing carried out before distribution on the WIS. In addition to the value-adding that DQC provides to AMDAR data, such processes undertaken by RDPCs will also incorporate procedures to notify airlines of implications for aircraft sensor error or mal-function, thereby contributing directly to flight operations and aircraft performance improvement for participating airlines. National, Regional and International Data Quality Monitoring and Fault Management The second stage of data quality management is associated with the ongoing process of monitoring and undertaking quality assessment of AMDAR data, based on both its routine use in operational meteorological applications, and also through data monitoring and assessment applications that are established for such a purpose. Such applications and systems are established and operated at the national, regional and global level. WMO and its Regional Associations will formally establish a WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System (DQMS) for the programme that will take advantage of and coordinate the quality monitoring and assessment processes and results to provide a framework for assuring the quality of AMDAR data. This will be facilitated through the establishment and operation of regional monitoring and lead centres for aircraft-based observations that will oversee the DQMS and will include the operation of a fault management system to report, manage and ensure the timely rectification of data quality faults and issues. RDPCs will have the functionality to remove errant data from the operational data stream in the event that it is detected by either the DQC or the DQMS and to notify airlines of aircraft sensor error or malfunction. Data quality issues will be flagged and documented within the GDC-ABO. Data Security Data security in operations is a critical issue for IATA and airline partners. Agreed measures and procedures will be implemented in accordance with data policy in order to ensure and maintain data security and good working relationships between data users and providers. WMO will ensure that NMHSs and all associated national data users comply with IWCAP data policy agreements and ensure their implementation through procedures and processes established as a part of the data management system of the IWCAP. This will include managing and monitoring access to data and validating the credentials and entitlement of those entities that request access to it. In practice, data will be operationally secured through the design and functionality of the operational data processing systems, including RDPCs and the GDC-ABO. (2) Operational Infrastructure Maintenance and Improvement The OPCT and Operators will be responsible for coordinating the activities and processes associated with maintaining the operational standards and integrity of the IWCAP. Plans for infrastructure and systems maintenance will be incorporated within the GOP, with funding

188 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 42 resources to be included in the APOF based on appropriate and agreed contributions from NMHS programme partners. Plans and processes for infrastructure maintenance and improvement would likely or possibly include: (a) (b) (c) AMDAR on-board software upgrades to support new required functionality or technology developments and changes; Data management and processing systems maintenance and upgrades; and Sensor calibration and maintenance. 6. BUSINESS PROCESSES A. Agreements and Contracts Under the IWCAP, a centralized agreement/contract framework will be implemented. (1) IATA-WMO Agreement for Collaboration on the Operation of the AMDAR Programme In July 2017, IATA and WMO entered into a Working Arrangement (WA) on the Operation of the AMDAR Programme to determine a potential collaboration on the operation, enhancement and expansion the AMDAR programme. Under this WA, the organizations have proposed a Concept of Operations (the current document) to describe the practical aspects and the Terms of Reference of the collaboration When both IATA and WMO agree on these, the scope of the WA will be extended [/a new WA will be made] to encompass the formal terms and conditions of the collaboration. It is expected that such an agreement would cover the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) The precise scope of the collaboration, including a definition of any programme outputs and derivatives; The role that each organization agrees to undertake in the collaboration, including in data delivery and continuous operational and developmental management of the programme; The resources each Organization accepts to commit to the programme; Data pricing and agreed processes for the management of funds, including the mechanism of cost-recovery for the airlines to generate data on one hand and, on the other, the mechanism to recover the costs incurred by the NMHSs to process data and generate value-added products based on the data received; Definitions of policies, including data and software ownership, data licensing and data management, and the roles of both parties; and Specific arrangements and/or assumptions related to the roles of each organization s members and affiliated entities; The collaboration seeks to establish a uniform and more efficient approach to AMDAR operation, implementation and development, the WA and the operation of the IWCAP is not intended to create any exclusive arrangements for the availability and processing of AMDAR

189 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 43 or other ABO data. For example, the IATA-WMO collaboration could include and accept the integration and sharing of ABO data from other sources beyond IATA Member airlines. Similarly, the IATA-WMO collaboration does not aim at, and will not, preclude the establishment of new arrangements, nor the continuation of the existing ones covering provision or sharing of ABO and/or AMDAR data between any other airlines and/or parties. The collaboration and its associated arrangements will be fully transparent to the members of both organizations and, wherever possible, to the public at large. (2) Agreements with WMO Members Agencies WMO and/or its Regional Associations will enter into standardized agreements with WMO Members to establish the agreed terms and conditions for the provision of participating Member resources to support the establishment, development and operation of the IWCAP. (3) Agreements with IWCAP Operators WMO and/or its Regional Associations will establish agreements with WMO Member or third party Operators to facilitate the operational components of the IWCAP. These agreements will clearly define the roles and functional requirements to be undertaken by the operator and the terms and conditions associated with the resourcing to support operational systems and centres. Operators will be responsible for the operations of IWCAP systems and WIGOS centres including: Regional Data Processing Centers AMDAR Data Optimization Systems Monitoring Centers Global Data Centers (4) Agreements with Airlines for Participation in the IWCAP Under the IWCAP, each airline will enter into an agreement with [each of the Regional Data Processing Centres/ with the Regional Data Processing Centre of its corporate residence country] defining its role and obligations to meeting the requirements for provision of AMDAR data to the programme, the protection of their property rights and other interests, and their payment/cost-recovery for participating in the programme. (5) Contracts with Vendors and Suppliers for Provision of Products and Services IWCAP Operators, in accordance with their IWCAP agreements and with their internal processes, will contract with relevant vendors/equipment suppliers to purchase the necessary products, infrastructure and services for the operation of the programme. (6) Establishment of AMDAR Data Policy with WMO Members A general/common Data Policy covering the usage and the licensing of AMDAR Data received by the Regional Data Centres from the Airlines will be developed by WMO and IATA in accordance with the WA. To ensure the implementation and maintenance of the Data Policy by WMO Members, WMO will develop guidance/guidelines within its Technical Regulations and applicable Manuals. The Data policy will cover the following aspects.

190 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 44 B. Data Ownership and Policy Data ownership and policy are critical aspects for the IWCAP due to the requirement to ensure the security of AMDAR data and maintain it as the property of the participating airlines. The IWCAP will establish the guiding principles underlying a more uniform data ownership and licensing policy as follows: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) AMDAR Data will be formally defined under the IWCAP; AMDAR Data provided by an Airline will remain the property of that Airline NMHS products derived from or with AMDAR Data, e.g. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) output products, will be formally defined; NMHS products derived from or with AMDAR Data will remain the property of the respective/producing NMHS(s); IATA and WMO will establish an agreement to formalize the distribution of AMDAR Data on the WIS and its use by WMO Members; A data cost structure will be established to fairly and equitably compensate airlines for providing the AMDAR data and to support the development and operation of the IWCAP; WMO will seek to ensure WMO Members compliance with data policy and licensing agreements for usage of AMDAR data as described in 6.A.vi; AMDAR Data will be licensed by IATA and participating airlines for storage in the GDC-ABO and for use by WMO Member NMHS and research agencies, noncommercial entities, third party organizations and others subject to the license agreement agreed to by IATA and WMO and as approved through a accepted validation process; and In accordance with and subject to agreement and data policy arrangements under the collaboration, only IATA or entities authorized by IATA would be able to commercialize AMDAR Data. C. Cost Structure and Funding To ensure support for the continuous and stable growth and operation of the AMDAR programme, financial management and operational mechanisms will be adopted and revised as necessary for data pricing, procurement of new capabilities, and operational billing and funding reimbursement. (1) Data Costs and Procurement A simplified cost structure for the provision of AMDAR data, that covers operational costs for both the airlines and global users, that supports sustained administration of these operational funds, and allows for planned and budgeted expansion of the programme over time from available funds, should result in a more equitable cost burden within the NMHSs and additional motivation for airline participation. Additionally, the establishment of sound mechanisms (see section 6.C.iv) to allow for donors supporting capacity development and other data users to contribute to the development and operation of the IWCAP will enable

191 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 45 expansion and enhancement of the programme in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Principles under which the IWCAP costing and funding structure are expected to be implemented are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) Costs incurred by NMHSs will be limited to incremental costs of developing, implementing and maintaining the IWCAP for the provision of required AMDAR data; The total costs associated with meeting the requirements above and beyond the meteorological requirements for AMDAR data would be met by the entity making the requirements and attributed and accounted under the IWCAP; While made as simple as possible, the agreed cost structure to support AMDAR programme execution will also reflect/include the varying costs associated with producing the data such as communications methods and requirements for additional/special infrastructure e.g. sensor installation for water vapour measurement; The cost structure will recognize value-added made in the derivation of AMDAR data, such as the improvement of data quality by NMHSs and other entities in undertaking data quality management; The cost structure will reflect the dual nature of AMDAR Data as consisting of both en-route and vertical profile data; Costs attributable to participating NMHS, will be primarily based on the AMDAR data volume generated to meet national requirements for vertical profile AMDAR data and will include a contribution to the costs of meeting national, regional and global requirements for en-route data; The developmental costs of the IWCAP attributable to participating NMHSs will be the costs associated with the development and implementation of AMDAR Onboard Software on participating aircraft and for the development and implementation of IWCAP operational centres and systems; The operational costs attributable to participating NMHSs for operation of the IWCAP will be the incremental costs associated with the transmission of required AMDAR Data from the aircraft to ground, its processing by RDPCs for provision on the WIS and for the operational costs of IWCAP operational centres and systems; and Where possible, the IWCAP will endeavour to establish regional or global arrangements for the direct provision of services in support of air to ground data communications. (2) Funding of the Programme The IWCAP financial relationships are expected to operate under the model shown in Figure 8 and as described below.

192 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 46 Figure 8. The IWCAP financial administration framework. It is proposed that the IWCAP will oversee the establishment and operation of two AMDAR programme funds in each WMO Regional Association, which will facilitate the planned and accounted management of funds to support the ongoing development and operation of the IWCAP. The following processes and financial entities would be expected to be established and maintained under this financial framework: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) In consultation and agreement with WMO and IATA, the IWCAP will establish a data pricing and procurement framework as describe above in section 6.C.i. WMO and the Governing Board will establish and oversee the operation of in each Region of an AMDAR Programme Operating Fund (APOF) and an AMDAR Programme Expansion Fund (APEF), which will be accounted on a regional basis. The WMO Regional Associations will produce annually regional developmental and operational plans, which will outline national and regional requirements for AMDAR data, based on committed and available regional funding in the APOF and APEF. The WMO Regional Associations will be responsible for securing the funds for AMDAR programme operation and development on an annual basis, which will be transferred to the IWCAP funds to provide payment for AMDAR development and operating costs, based on the national and regional requirements for AMDAR data and the plans and budgets made within the Global Operating Plan and Global Development Plan. The fees charged for AMDAR programme operation, to be paid into the APOF, will be the agreed annual running costs of producing this data, including: o payment to airlines for the ongoing costs associated with the provision of the data;

193 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 47 (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) o payment to the IWCAP Operators for the operational costs associated with the operation of IWCAP centres and systems, such as the RDPCs and the Global AMDAR Data Optimization System; and o payment to external/private contracted service providers, including data service and communications. At the end of each year, any amounts which remain unused in the APOF will be transferred to the APEF to support regional AMDAR programme development. Any additional excess/ redundant data produced in addition to the requirements of the region/ country will be paid from the APOF. Both the APOF and APEF will be supplemented by an agreed percentage of revenue generated from the sale of AMDAR data by IATA. Both the APOF and APEF may be supplemented by contributions from external funding agencies and stakeholders to support least developed and developing country programme participation and development and/or additional data production. Both the APOF and APEF may be supplemented by contributions from global and other data users outside the regional requirements maintenance process. This would be based on their provision or requirements to the IWCAP and their provision of agreed funds to support the provision of such data. For example, a global NWP centre might support the provision of data over a particular datasparse area through the IWCAP planning process and financial framework. Should existing programmes be migrated to the IWCAP framework, their integration process will take into account the ownership and the value of existing infrastructure, associated property and rights that might be used by, or transferred to, the IWCAP. This may be achieved by ensuring in the relevant agreements, that such infrastructure, property and rights are either retained by the original owner, or that the ownership is transferred to the new owner, or to the IWCAP with agreed compensation. (3) Funding IWCAP Development and Improvement o Funding for IWCAP development and improvement will be resourced and managed as follows: (a) AMDAR Programme development and improvement to support meteorological requirements, as specified in the IWCAP Global Development Plan, will be planned and implemented on a regional basis under the management of the IWCAP OPCT and relevant ATTs. (b) (c) The GDP will outline regional requirements and the budget for AMDAR programme expansion and enhancement, including equipping new airline fleets with AMDAR On-board Software and the development of turbulence monitoring and water vapour measurement. Additional contributors to the APEF for regional programme development may be: o Grants and contributions from external funding agencies and stakeholders; and An agreed percentage of funding derived from the commercialization of AMDAR data by IATA.

194 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 48 (4) Funding AMDAR Programme and Capacity Development in Least Developed Countries A key element of the IWCAP will be capacity development and the dedication of funding to support AMDAR programme implementation and improvement to NMHS operations in Least Developed Countries (LDC) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). This will be achieved under the programme through the following mechanisms: (a) securing grant funding and directing it into the APEF to support strategic and planned development in LDC and SIDS; (b) (c) Possible implementation of a development levy with the IWCAP funding framework to support planned AMDAR programme development in LDC and SIDS; and Facilitating provision and injection of other funding from data users and other stakeholders into the APEF to support meeting international and global requirements for AMDAR data over LDS, SIDS and data-sparse areas. D. Commercial Requirements for AMDAR data IATA will undertake to receive and manage any specific requirements for AMDAR data from third party commercial entities and for those additional requirements which lie outside the collaborative arrangement with WMO. WMO Members who are licensed to obtain and use AMDAR data under the IWCAP will ensure that the data is managed securely and will not distribute or sell AMDAR data to third parties. IATA will, in consultation with WMO, determine appropriate costs associated with the commercialization of AMDAR data and will manage the resulting revenue to ensure that it is used to fairly compensate the airline partners to offset their costs, to expand and enhance the IWCAP through the operational and development funds and to cover IATA costs associated with AMDAR data commercialization. 7. JUSTIFICATION AND BUSINESS CASE [Under development ] A. Differences between Existing and Proposed AMDAR Programmes B. Justification for IWCAP C. Business Case for IWCAP

195 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(4), p. 49 ANNEX I ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS [Under development ] AMDAR GDC-ABO Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay Global Data Centre for Aircraft-Based Observations

196 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 3.4(5) Submitted by: Secretary-General 20.IX.2018 REGIONAL INSTRUMENT CENTRES Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) 1. Two RICs (Melbourne (Australia) and Manilla (Philippines) have been designated by RA V to serve its Members. Information on the RIC capabilities, contact details and reports of their activities based on information provided by the RIC are available on 2. An inter-laboratory comparison is currently being performed in collaboration between RA II, RA V and RA VI. The RICs of Melbourne and Manilla are taking part. 3. A form for RIC regular reporting, and evaluation scheme (to support RICs in carrying out their regular audits, and improving their capabilities to meet regions needs) are also available on the same web location.

197 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 4(1) Submitted by: Secretary-General 15.X.2018 COUNTRY PROFILE DATABASE AND MONITORING AND EVALUATION Integration of Monitoring and Evaluation in the Country Profile Database Version Version 2.5 of the Country Profile Database (CPDB) was launched in November 2017, integrating Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and relevant survey data into a single information repository. The latter replaced the Survey on Impacts of Achieved Results on Members and other surveys previously used to collect monitoring data. 2. The purpose was to reduce duplication, streamline the data collection process, and ensure access to institutional information and monitoring data. Once completed by all, CPDB would contain comprehensive information on the whole WMO membership, which would be retrievable ahead of constituent body sessions and as needed. 3. Existing data in Members profiles was migrated to the new CPDB version. Information on NMS staffing and capacity development was updated with the most recent data available from Members responses to the WMO Survey on Human Resources Status of NMHS (2017). Relevant data was also imported accordingly from the latest Survey on Impacts of Achieved Results on Members conducted in Mid-Term Performance Assessment The collection of monitoring data for the first biennium of the financial period took place between November 2017 and February At roughly 33%, the response rate from Region V was among the lowest among the WMO regions. Only 5 Members fully provided the M&E data requested by updating their respective CPDB profiles, 2 provided partial data, and 14 Members did not provide any monitoring data. In addition, only 5 Members from Region V have a designated M&E focal point. 5. Based on the data collected, a Mid-Term Performance Assessment Report was developed, assessing progress in implementation of the Expected Results and Key Outcomes of the WMO Strategic Plan A Summary of the Mid-Term Report was also prepared, highlighting capacity gaps (marked in red) and areas with notable progress (marked in blue). The lack of representative data from Region V made the drawing of regional trends and the identification of regional deficiencies difficult. Country Profile Database Version Work on the next version of CPDB is ongoing. Significant improvements are envisioned in terms of access, data collection and management, data visualization and storage. Dashboards, maps and other interactive features will be developed to improve performance reporting. Members nominated focal points will have access to tools that will allow NMHS to update and report on their own profile, as well as the ability to compare their profile against regional and global profiles. 7. The ultimate objective is to turn CPDB into a single repository of information accessible to and used by all Members. The existence of such a knowledge hub is expected to facilitate decision-making and inform strategic planning nationally as well as for WMO as a

198 RA V-17/INF. 4(1), p. 2 whole. It will further help in the identification of priorities and capacity gaps as well as assist in resource mobilization for WMO and for our development partners. Baselines and Targets for Monitoring indicators have been designed and included in the draft Operating Plan. They are closely aligned to the Strategic Objectives formulated in the draft Strategic Plan. Preliminary data will be collected through CPDB to establish baselines and set targets, together with the scheduled update of Member profiles, in late early 2019.

199 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 4(2) Submitted by: Secretary-General 13.X.2018 [All amendments have been made by the Secretariat] CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT Report on the WMO Regional Training Centres (RTCs) of RA V and Training Activities and Fellowships Delivered to the Region 1) WMO RTC in Indonesia The training center of the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) was recognized by the EC-64 in 2012 as a WMO Regional Training Center (RTC) in Indonesia for RA V. The RTC was empowered with the addition of the Research Centre for Water Resources (RCWR), which is specialized in the field of hydrology and provides courses. The RTC has not yet been externally reviewed by the EC. However, an external review is planned to take place in 2019 by the EC Panel of Experts on Education and Training. I. Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) The BMKG delivers short-term training to the region and trains a number of international and local staff in various subjects, including multi-hazards early warning system, meteorological observations, climate data management, geophysics, weather analysis, aviation meteorology, communication for operators, and other related topics. Based-on the annual reports, the BMKG trained more than 100 international participants during the past two years. The BMKG also provides long-term degree level courses to local participants on meteorology, climatology, geophysics, instrumentation, and leadership training for senior manager and first line managers. Long-term Courses Short-term Courses BMKG Local Participants Int. Participants Local Participants Int. Participants Nr. of Courses Nr. of Courses TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male II. Research Centre for Water Resources (RCWR) The RCWR was added to the RTC as a component specialized in hydrology. However, there has not been sufficient communication from the RCWR during the past four years and no annual report has been received from RCWR. 2) WMO RTC in Philippines The education and training capabilities of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the University of the Philippines (UP) was recognized by EC-36 in 1984 as WMO RTC is the Philippines for RA V. The RTC was externally

200 RA V-17/INF. 4(2), p. 2 reviewed by the EC Panel of Experts in April 2002 and November 2010, and the status of the RTC was reconfirmed by EC-54 in 2002 and by Cg-16 in The RTC is scheduled to be reviewed in December I. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) The PAGASA component of the RTC offers long-term courses for meteorologist and meteorological technicians. It also delivers short-term training open to the Region. The course topics include a refresher course on meteorological observations, management information system (PUMIS), training on JMA Wave Model, training on operation and maintenance of basic meteorological instruments, workshops on rainfall warning systems, local weather forecasting, provision of aeronautical meteorology products, disaster risk reduction, meteorological observations, and other related areas. The institution is responsible for the function of the national meteorological service and the astronomical observatory within the Philippine government's Department Of Science & Technology. Long-term Courses Short-term Courses PAGASA Local Participants Int. Participants Local Participants Int. Participants Nr. of Courses Nr. of Courses TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male II. University of the Philippines (UP) The University of the Philippines (UP) is the designated national university of the Philippines, and the Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology (IESM) is part of the College of Science at the UP Diliman campus, one of seven campuses spread throughout the country. The College of Science has stringent admission requirements, and is characterized by a high percentage of doctoral students. The University has accepted a number of students on its Diploma, MSc and PhD programmes in recent years. While most of the students have been Philippine nationals, there has been one student from outside. Long-term Courses Short-term Courses UP Local Participants Int. Participants Local Participants Int. Participants Nr. of Courses Nr. of Courses TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male TOTAL Female Male ) Short-term Training Support Provided by WMO ETRP In addition to the supports given by the Technical Departments (TDs) of WMO, the Education and Training Programme organized a number of training events and provided support to participants to attend. Also a number of participants were co-sponsored in the events organized by the RTCs and the education and training partners. The below tables indicate the

201 RA V-17/INF. 4(2), p. 3 Member, training event, and number of participants supported. The number with * indicates online training events. Member Institute, Training Event Title 2016 Australia 1 WMO-ETR, Online Course for Trainers of RA III and RA IV *1 Indonesia 4 Korea-KMA, Weather Forecasting for Operational Meteorologists 1 WMO-ETR, Online Course for Trainers of RA III and RA IV *3 Malaysia 1 China-CMATC, Application of Meteorological Satellite Products 1 Papua New Guinea 1 China-NUIST, Tropical Cyclones 1 Philippines 2 China-NUIST, Tropical Cyclones 1 Qatar-QAC, Workshop on Aviation Meteorology for Forecasters Sub-total 9 Member Institute, Training Event Title 2017 Australia 2 WMO-ETR, Symposium on Education and Training and Meeting for RTC Directors 2 Brazil 1 WMO-ETR, Training Development Workshop for Regional Training Institutions in RAs II and V 1 Fiji 7 WMO-ETR, Online Course for Trainers of RAs II and V *7 Indonesia 15 WMO-ETR, Online Course for Trainers of RAs II and V *10 WMO-ETR, Symposium on Education and Training and Meeting for RTC Directors 1 WMO-ETR, Training Development Workshop for Regional Training Institutions in RAs II and V 4 Malaysia 1 WMO-ETR, Online Course for Trainers of RAs II and V *1 Maldives 1 WMO-ETR, Training Development Workshop for Regional Training Institutions in RAs II and V 1 Nigeria 1 WMO-ETR, Training Development Workshop for Regional Training Institutions in RAs II and V 1 Philippines 3 UK-Reading University, Urban Meteorology, Environment and Climate Services 1 WMO-ETR, Symposium on Education and Training and Meeting for RTC Directors 1 WMO-ETR, Training Development Workshop for Regional Training Institutions in RAs II and V 1 Samoa 1 WMO-ETR, Online Course for Trainers of RAs II and V *1 Singapore 1 WMO-ETR, Online Course for Trainers of RAs II and V *1 Tonga 8 WMO-ETR, Online Course for Trainers of RAs II and V *7 WMO-ETR, Training Development Workshop for Regional Training Institutions in RAs II and V Sub-total 41 Member Institute, Training Event Title 2018 Indonesia 3 China-CMATC, Training Course On Nowcasting Techniques on Severe Convection Weather 2 Turkey-TSMS, Training Course on Basics of Calibration 1 Philippines 3 China-CMATC, Training Course on the application of meterorological satellite products 1 China-NUIST, Training course on the Application of Radar Data in High-impact Weather 1 Turkey-TSMS, 3rd International Training Course on Climate Analysis and Applications Sub-total 6

202 RA V-17/INF. 4(2), p. 4 4) WMO Fellowships Provided to RA-V ( ) In the past four years from 2014 to 2017, there were 88 fellowship requests from RA V for short and long term study ranging from one month service delivery course to five years degree study, 44 were awarded. Year Request by region Total awarded by Region Total awarded/request in each region% Female request by region Female request in region% Total female awarded by Region Female awarded by female request in each region % % 4 13% 3 75% % 5 29% 3 60% % 7 29% 2 29% % 2 12% 2 100% annual Average % % % total % 18 21% 10 66% RA V fellowship overview annual Average Request by region Total awarded by Region RA V female fellowship overview annual Average Female request by region Total female awarded by Region There were 10 female awards against 18 requests in the past four years.

203 RA V-17/INF. 4(2), p. 5 RA V fellowship overview by % % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Total awarded/request in each region% annual Average 67% 41% 46% 41% 49% Female request in region% 13% 29% 29% 12% 21% Female awarded by female request in each region % 67% 13% 75% 41% 60% 46% 29% 29% 29% 41% 12% 100% 49% 21% 75% 60% 29% 100% 66% 66% 5) Summary of the Outcomes of the Meeting of Heads of Regional Training Centres (RTC), Barbados, 2 November 2017 The meeting reflected on a number of issues and came up with the following recommendations/observations: 1. The Management Development Training resource material being developed by the WMO ETR Office be published as a WMO Information Note in the first quarter of 2018 and shared with RTCs and other training institutions; 2. When a review of the BIP-M and BIP-MT is undertaken, consider including learning outcomes related to management development; 3. RTCs to consider running management development courses; 4. The RTCs create a list and regularly update it of national/regional institutional specialities in all WMO priority areas. This list to contain contact addresses and advise whether the institutions are willing to share resources; 5. Strongly recommended that RTCs and other training institutions share resources and strive to develop relationships to advance training and capacity development in their respective regions and beyond where possible; 6. Concluded that RTCs must take into account the rapid changes in technology and user-orientated services whilst developing and revising their education and training programmes; 7. Strongly recommended that operationalization of the WMO Global Campus is fast tracked and that WMO consider seeking regional consultation in the development;

204 RA V-17/INF. 4(2), p RTCs must align their programmes to support the WMO competency and qualification frameworks and provide participant documentation that could be used in their home services to show what sections of the various competency frameworks had been addressed in the training intervention; 9. RTCs actively participate in raising resources for fellowships and other education and training activities; 10. Noted that due to low bandwidth it could be difficult to use complex web and other online interfaces and thus the meeting recommended that participants use their influence to request software interfaces that included an option suitable for low bandwidth connections; 11. Encouraged RTCs to follow the rapid evolution in technology and changes in services wherever possible and where this was not possible to strategize on how to overcome capacity issues; 12. Encouraged the RTCs to collect research results of institutions cooperating with the RTCs and make them available to their students and other RTCs where appropriate. The meeting requested RTCs to encourage research institutions to develop new services and products; 13. Encouraged RTCs to share their documents/information with the ETR Office who will consider them for global circulation.

205 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 4(3) Submitted by: Secretary-General 15.X.2018 CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT Capacity Development Projects in the Region WMO Voluntary Cooperation Programme (VCP) 1 Fact-Finding Mission for a Strategic Plan for FMS - Beneficiary Member: Fiji - Period: Purpose: to develop a strategic plan of FMS to meet the needs of Fiji for weather, climate and hydrological services as well as the needs of communities in the Southwest Pacific - Funding source: Voluntary Cooperation Fund - Status: completed 2 Emergency Assistance to Assess Damages Caused to Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazard Department s Infrastructure by Tropical Cyclone Pam - Beneficiary Member: Vanuatu - Period: Purpose: to assess the impact of severe tropical cyclone Pam - Funding source: Voluntary Cooperation Fund - Status: completed 3 Implement the National Climate Outlook Forum - Beneficiary Member: Vanuatu - Period: Purpose: Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) to hold National Climate Outlook Forum in the context of GFCS - Funding source: Canada Implementing GFCS on Regional and National Scale - Status: completed 4 Emergency assistance in the aftermath of the passage of Tropical Cyclone Gita - Beneficiary Member: Tonga - Period: Purpose: to provide Stevenson screens, bulb thermometers and others after Tropical Cyclone Gita - Funding source: UK Met Office VCP - Status: completed Extra-budgetary Projects 1 Flash Flood Guidance System II - Beneficiary Member: Indonesia - Period: Purpose: Development and implementation of regional flash flood guidance and early warning systems. The approach will entail development of regional technology, training, protocols and procedures to address the issues of mitigating the impacts of flash floods

206 RA V-17/INF. 4(3), p. 2 and the application of such a system allowing the provision of critical and timely information by the NMHSs of the participating countries. - Funding source: USAID/OFDA - Status: ongoing 2 Weather and Climate Early Warning System for Papua New Guinea - Beneficiary Member: Papua New Guinea - Period: Purpose: Provide improved drought monitoring and early warning systems that can foster better decision making for the following sectors: agriculture, disaster management, energy and infrastructure. Other hazards related to droughts such as frost and bush fires would also be indirectly addressed. - Funding source: CREWS MDTF - Status: ongoing 3 CLIDE Development - Beneficiary Members: 14 States in the South-West Pacific - Period: Purpose: Targeted at NMHSs in the South-West Pacific and focused on strengthening regional infrastructure for providing climate information and recovering and digitizing data to enable future data entry projects and data safeguarding. - Funding source: Australia - Status: ongoing 4 CREWS SIDS: Building Resilience to High-Impact Hydro-meteorological Events through Strengthening Multi-hazard Early Warning Systems - Beneficiary Members: Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu - Period: Purpose: The project will focus on delivering three main outcomes; (1) strengthened governance structures/mechanisms for the Regional Centres/NMHSs, (2) enhanced regional and national facilities and capacities of the Regional Centres/NMHSs to produce impact-based forecasts and risk-informed warnings of extreme/high-impact hydrometeorological events, accessing and using global/regional data, products and services, and (3) enhanced service delivery - Regional Centres/NMHSs better deliver impactbased and risk-informed hydro-meteorological data, products and services to MHEWS stakeholders for their decision support - Funding source: Canada (ECCC) - Status: ongoing 5 Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) Fiji - Beneficiary Member: Fiji - Period: Purpose: to contribute to the development, demonstration and operationalization of an efficient forecasting and warning systems for coastal inundation based on robust science and observations in Fiji - Funding source: KMA - Status: ongoing 6 Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) Indonesia - Beneficiary Member: Indonesia - Period: Purpose: to contribute to the development, demonstration and operationalization of an efficient forecasting and warning systems for coastal inundation based on robust science and observations in Indonesia - Funding source: self-funded (BMKG) - Status: ongoing

207 RA V-17/INF. 4(3), p. 3 7 Installation of HimawariCast receiving and Processing Systems - Beneficiary Members/County: Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu - Period: Purpose: Installation of HimawariCast receiving and Processing Systems - Funding source: JMA - Status: completed 8 The Finnish-Pacific (FINPAC) Project 'Reduced vulnerability of Pacific island country villagers livelihoods to the effects of climate change' - Beneficiary Members: 12 Pacific SIDS countries (Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu) - Period: Purpose: to the capacity development of the NMHSs of the Pacific SIDS Members and also to develop appropriate plans to address climate change and disasters in the Pacific. - Funding source: Finland - Status: completed 9 Programme on the Implementation of GFCS at Regional and National Scales - Beneficiary Members: Pacific SIDS Members - Purpose: to provide support to GFCS-related activities in the Pacific SIDS with collaboration with SPREP - Funding source: Canada - Status: ongoing 10 Enhancing EWS to Build Better Resilience to Hydro-meteorological Hazards in Pacific SIDS - Beneficiary Members: 5 Pacific SIDS Members (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste and Vanuatu) - Funding source: Green Climate Fund (GCF) - Status: project under development Extra-budgetary Projects (workshops and trainings) 2014 Meteorological Technician Training Course at WMO Regional Training Centre, Manila, Philippines, 5 August 22 December 2014 Pacific International Training Desk Second Group for 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 11 August 5 September 2014 Pacific International Training Desk Third Group for 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 1 September 10 October 2014 Regional Training Workshop on Project Proposal Preparation for the Adaptation Fund, Apia, Samoa, September 2014 Pacific International Training Desk Fourth Group for 2015, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 20 October 14 November US NOAA South Pacific Region Training Needs Review Discussion, Nadi, Fiji, 19 January 2015 Severe Weather Forecast and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project In-country Training in Samoa, Apia, Samoa, 9 13 March 2015 First Papua New Guinea National Climate Outlook Forum, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, March 2015

208 RA V-17/INF. 4(3), p Severe Weather Forecast and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project In-country Training in Fiji, Nadi, Fiji, April 2015 Media Training on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction, Nuku alofa, Tonga, May 2015 Southeastern Asia-Oceania Flash Flood Guidance (SAOFFG) Initial Planning Meeting, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2 4 February 2016 Training workshop on advancing groundwater monitoring in Pacific SIDS, Suva, Fiji, 29 August 2 September 2016 Pacific Regional Training on QMS, Nadi, Fiji, October 2016 Finland-Pacific Project Practitioners Workshop, Nadi, Fiji, October 2016 In-country training for Kiribati Meteorological Service, Kiribati, December 2016 Regional group BIP-MT training program for Pacific SIDS/LDCs, Nadi, Fiji, 24 April 29 June 2017 Distance Learning Course for Field Hydrology Technicians, May July First Steering Committee Meeting (SCM 1) of Southeastern Asia-Oceania Flash Flood Guidance (SAOFFG) Project, Jakarta, Indonesia, July 2017; Training on National Multi-Hazards Early Warning System with Geo-Spatial Applications for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development, Citeko, Indonesia, 10 July 2 August 2017 First Meeting of the CREWS Pacific SIDS Project Steering Committee Meeting (Pacific SIDS PSC-1), Honiara, Solomon Islands, 9 August 2017; Meeting on the Green Climate Fund (GCF) project funding proposal for Enhancing early warning systems to better build resilience to hydro-meteorological hazards in Pacific SIDS (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste and Vanuatu), Honiara, Solomon Islands, 9 August 2017 Inception workshop on the GCF project funding proposal for Enhancing early warning systems to better build resilience to hydro-meteorological hazards in Pacific SIDS, Nadi, Fiji, November 2017 National consultation workshop on the GCF project funding proposal for Enhancing early warning systems to better build resilience to hydro-meteorological hazards in Pacific SIDS : Timor Leste, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, 23 November 15 December 2017 Inception workshop on the Green Climate Fund (GCF)/SPREP/Vanuatu Climate Information Services for Resilient Development (CISRD) Project, Port Vila, Vanuatu, February 2018 First meeting of the Steering Committee for the Green Climate Fund (GCF)/SPREP /Vanuatu Climate Information Services for Resilient Development (CISRD) Project, Port Vila, Vanuatu, 26 February 2018 Kick-off Meeting Weather Ready Nation Indonesia, Jakarta & Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 21 February 1 March 2018 Southeastern Asia-Oceania Flash Flood Guidance System (SAOFFGS) Steering Committee Meeting 2 (SCM2), Citeko, Indonesia, 3 5 April 2018 Regional validation workshop on the Green Climate Fund (GCF) project funding proposal for Enhancing early warning systems to better build resilience to hydro-meteorological hazards in Pacific SIDS, Port Vila, Vanuatu, May 2018

209 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 5(1) Submitted by: Secretary-General 02.X.2018 WMO POLICY FRAMEWORK ON PUBLIC-PRIVATE ENGAGEMENT For the last four years there has been an intensive dialogue between the stakeholders of the so called global weather enterprise (GWE) and the related subject of public-private partnership (PPP) or public-private engagement (PPE). This discussion could be traced through the following major WMO events: a. WMO World Weather Open Science Conference (WWOSC-2014), Montreal, Canada, August During this event, a two-day special session, cosponsored by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS), focused on enhancing collaboration across the weather enterprise to benefit societies worldwide. The three Panel discussions involving experts from the five sectors of the Weather Enterprise (Public, Private, Academic, NGO and Meteorological Societies) resulted in collecting a wealth of ideas from different perspectives of panellists. Given the scope of the challenges and opportunities within the weather enterprise, the WMO was encouraged to engage in the analysis of the suggestions contained in the report of the session and come up with a prioritized list of recommendations and time frames required to move forward effectively. (more information: b. 17 th WMO Congress, Geneva, 25 May 12 June Congress discusses the Future role of the private sector in meteorology (agenda item 9.6). Congress highlighted the different, and at times, complementary roles and responsibilities of NMHSs, academic institutions, research and technological agencies, and the private sector. Congress agreed that closer interactions between the public and private sectors could stimulate innovation and facilitate cross-fertilization, ultimately benefitting the achievement of the WMO Strategic Plan and Expected Results. Congress noted that WMO has a unique opportunity to initiate this interaction and emphasized that inaction may limit the benefits to be derived for the users. In its Resolution 67 (Cg-17) Congress requested specifically the regional associations and the technical commissions to investigate the opportunities and challenges related to partnerships with the private sector, developing guidance and advice which includes identifying opportunities for dialogue with the private sector in their work plans, documenting positive and constructive examples of partnership, identifying existing relevant WMO principles, policies, guidelines and standards that require consideration and advise the Executive Council accordingly, to help both the public and private sectors to avoid conflicts and encourage cooperation. Congress also requested the Executive Council to guide the development and monitor guidance material and advice to support effective engagement between the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and the private sector and report on the implementation of the present resolution at regular sessions of the World Meteorological Congress. (more information: pp )

210 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 2 c. 68 th Session of the Executive Council, Geneva, June During EC-68 a Special Dialogue on the Complementary and Cooperative Contributions of Public and Private Sector Institutions to Meteorology and Hydrology was conducted. The dialogue session included speakers and panellists from both public and private sector stakeholders (see the dialogue summary in the attachment to this INF document). EC formulated a set of 18 Key Issues to be addressed in developing policies and principles for engagement. The results of the special dialogue and guidance for its continuation were summarized in the Decision 73 (EC-68). (more information: pp ) d. 69 th Session of the Executive Council, Geneva, May Following the directions given by Cg-17 and EC-68, the EC-69 session continued the discussions on public-private engagement and adopted Decision 61 (EC-69) Public private engagement: A road map to the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress. EC reinstated that the PPE was of high importance for the Members and that WMO can provide a neutral platform for fostering constructive dialogues among all the parties, taking into consideration the differences amongst its Members. EC discussed the approach to be undertaken in furthering the dialogue with the private sector and agreed: (1) That there is some urgency to better equipping NMHSs, through WMO, to engage actively and positively with private sector organizations, not least to ensure that essential national mandates, including the importance of a single authoritative voice in relation to safety of life and property are sustained; (2) That in accordance with the aims and purposes of the Convention of WMO, a policy framework on public-private engagement would be beneficial to the Organization and should be prepared for consideration and approval at the next World Meteorological Congress (Cg-18); (3) That early engagement between WMO and key representatives of the private sector, such as the HMEI, as well as other relevant stakeholders, including academia, to explore areas for collaboration and to obtain feedback on the evolving policy framework would be beneficial and would assist its further development and implementation for net public benefit; EC-69 endorsed a draft Policy Framework for Public-Private Engagement which was annexed to Decision 61, and requested its completion by EC-70. WMO president and the presidents of the regional associations were requested to play an active role in this action. In addition, EC-69 endorsed a work programme on the subject of PPE and IWE until Congress-18 in June 2018 with the understanding that Congress will consider am appropriate policy act thereof. (more information: pp ) e. 70 th Session of the Executive Council, Geneva, June The Executive Council adopted Resolution 33 (EC-70), Public-private engagement, and endorsed the Policy Framework for PPE (provided in the Attachment to this INF). The Council acknowledges the establishment of a Global Weather Enterprise Forum (GWEF) supported by WMO, the GFDRR, and the HMEI, as a consultative platform among various stakeholders in the public, private and academic sectors, to steer the dialogue between the sectors, consider necessary coordinated actions to address the growth of GWE, and derive recommendations for consideration by relevant bodies, including WMO. EC also agreed that there was an urgent need for thorough preparation of a high-level policy on GWE and PPE for consideration by the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress, in order to update existing policy and guidance documents, including the Geneva Declaration of the Thirteenth World Meteorological Congress (1999) and Annexes 2 and 3 to Resolution 40 (Cg-XII)

211 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 3 (more information: pp )

212 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 4 ATTACHMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE ENGAGEMENT (Approved by the 70 th Session of the Executive Council, June 2018) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Global factors WMO, as a United Nations organization, is driven by the Global UN agenda. Today, it is based on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted in 2015 with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The achievement of the 2030 SDGs will require different sectors and actors working together in an integrated manner by pooling financial resources, knowledge and expertise. The new development era with 17 intertwined SDGs and 169 associated targets as a blue print for achieving the sustainable Future We Want, cross sectorial and innovative multi-stakeholder partnerships will play a crucial role for meeting the targets by the year Sustainable Development Goal 17, which reads Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, recognizes multi-stakeholder partnerships as important vehicles for mobilizing and sharing knowledge, expertise technologies and financial resources to support the achievement of the SDGs in all countries, particularly developing countries. Goal 17 further seeks to encourage effective partnerships between public, private and academic sectors, as well as civil society, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships. The majority of United Nations organizations have adapted, or are in the process of adapting, their respective strategies and/or policies to reflect the 2030 Agenda. 1.2 WMO context WMO Congress defined partnership as working with international agencies, other organizations, academia, the media and the private sector to improve the range, quality and delivery of critical environmental information and services. WMO partnerships, some of which were formed decades ago, are in concert with the rolling WMO Strategic Plan which maintains a strategic objective Strengthened Partnerships with the realization that new and strengthened partnerships and cooperation activities are needed to improve NMHSs performance in delivering services and to demonstrate the value of WMO contributions within the United Nations system, relevant regional organizations, international conventions and national strategies. An important milestone in the WMO history of partnerships with non-state entities was the adoption by the Twelfth World Meteorological Congress (1995) of a policy on, and a new practice for, the international exchange of meteorological data and products (Resolution 40 (Cg-XII)). An annex to Resolution 40 provided Guidelines for relations between National Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services and the commercial sector. It was clearly stated in these guidelines that the purpose was to further improve the relationship between NMSs and the commercial sector. The development of the exchange of meteorological and related information depends greatly upon sound, fair, transparent, and stable relations between these two sectors. The WMO World Weather Open Science Conference (WWOSC) held in Montreal, August 2014, put a special focus on the need for a broad dialogue between the public and private sectors, with a strong engagement of academia and other relevant entities, such as learned societies, to respond to the changing landscape of the weather, climate and hydrological science and

213 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 5 services, which could be best described as a Global Weather Enterprise. The outcomes of the WWOSC discussions encouraged the conduct of a series of multi-stakeholder follow-up dialogues supported by the WMO and partner organizations, such as the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) of the World Bank Group and the Association of Hydro-Meteorological Equipment Industry (HMEI). The Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress (Cg-17 (2015)) gave a new perspective to partnerships by acknowledging the growing involvement of entities which can be identified as belonging to the private sector (private companies, citizen s associations, bloggers, etc.) in weather, climate, water and related environmental matters. These private sector entities have been active to a varying extent in the full value chain of activities, starting with observations; extending to data acquisition tools and technologies, information generation and processing technologies; and culminating in product dissemination and services. Congress thus recognized this part of the private sector as a set of stakeholders in end-to-end service delivery supporting the WMO vision, mandate and objectives. Congress highlighted the different, and at times, complementary roles and responsibilities of NMHSs, academic institutions, research and technological agencies, and the private sector. It was felt that closer interactions between the public and private sectors would stimulate innovation and facilitate cross-fertilization, ultimately benefitting the society. Congress noted that WMO had a unique opportunity to initiate such an interaction and emphasized that inaction may limit the benefits to be derived for the users. On the other hand, such activities could also lead to proliferation of weather and climate information of various nature and quality which could challenge the NMHSs mandate to disseminate authoritative weather information and warnings to the public and disaster management authorities as well as the rest of the enterprise in delivering on their missions. It was also recognized that the private sector initiatives do increase the availability of weather services for the citizens; it was of paramount concern to ensure the sustainability of NMHSs over time. Acknowledging the challenges, Cg-17 recognized that WMO guidance on engagement with the private sector would help NMHSs to keep pace with the activities at the national and international levels and enhance efficiency and service delivery, including in support of the development of observational and communication infrastructures at the local and regional level. Following the directives given by the Cg-17, several activities have been undertaken with the aim to build awareness and improve the understanding between the public, private and academic sectors. The 68th Session of WMO Executive Council (2016) held for the first time a Special Dialogue on the complementary and cooperative contributions of public and private sector institutions to meteorology and hydrology. In 2017, EC-69 adopted A Roadmap to the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress on the Public-Private Engagement (PPE). A key element of this Roadmap is the development of a WMO Policy Framework on PPE which would assist Members and stakeholders from all sectors by providing a set of guiding principles and highlighting the challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed in order to harness the potential benefits from working together for the benefit of society. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE POLICY FRAMEWORK The Policy Framework for Public-Private Engagement guides global, regional and national action by the World Meteorological Organization and its Members to promote active engagement between the public, private and academic sectors, and all stakeholders to successfully manage and participate in the Global Weather Enterprise. It outlines principles and guidelines aimed at maximizing the benefits of an inclusive weather-enterprise approach. Developed in line with Resolution 67 (Cg-17) and Decisions 73 (EC-68) and 61 (EC-69), the Policy Framework outlines: (a) The current potential for public-private engagement in the context of the Global Weather Enterprise;

214 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 6 (b) (c) Principles for public-private sector engagement based on the Key Issues to be addressed in developing policies and principles for engagement (Annex 2 to Decision 73 (EC-68)); Evolving roles at stakeholders at global regional and national levels; (d) Options for guiding public-private partnerships and directions for development of WMO guidance to Members. This framework is intended to serve as a first step in on-going work to address these issues and shape a robust way forward in a changing environment. It aims to build understanding and enhance cooperation among stakeholders to sustain and expand the weather enterprise and to maximize its benefits to society in the short- and long-term. The framework seeks to strengthen and enhance opportunities for Members, their NMHSs and the private sector, on the basis of ethical behaviour to ensure a level playing field, enable efficiency and innovation, and utilize an inclusive approach to funding fundamental infrastructure and research. The framework supports and builds upon the WMO Convention, existing policies and related regulations and guidance. The Convention has ensured the world s nations do cooperate to create and sustain an international system to observe and predict weather, climate and water; provide reliable information and services to support effective decision-making; reduce the loss of life and property; further sustainable development; and preserve the environment and the global climate for present and future generations of humankind. 3. PUBLIC-PRIVATE ENGAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL WEATHER ENTERPRISE The need for a WMO Policy Framework on PPE stems from the realization of a new landscape in all business areas covered by the WMO Convention, which form the value chain of the weather, climate and hydrological services. (Figure taken from: Valuing Weather and Climate: Economic Assessment of Meteorological and Hydrological Services, WMO-No.1153) The flow of activities along this value chain and the interconnections between its modules need to be further analysed in the context of the Global Weather Enterprise. This would allow to identify potential for gaining efficiency and improving quality through partnership arrangements with the participation from all sectors, in particular, partnerships that will enable bridging existing gaps in capacity and access to essential information and products in the developing part of the world. 3.1 Historic perspective

215 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 7 An enterprise notion and multi-stakeholder approach could be traced back deeply in the roots of the WMO and its preceding international cooperation initiatives. It is seen in one of the first meeting invitations send to the international meteorological communities: We venture by the present circular to invite the heads of Meteorological Institutes, the Meteorological and other Learned Societies, as well as private scientific men and practical observers in the domain of Meteorology, to this consultative meeting, which is to be held in Leipzig From the invitation letter to the Meteorological Conference at Leipzig 1, August 1872 The weather enterprise of the 20 th century was primarily based on public sector investments. WMO Member States collectively built a global infrastructure under a globally coordinated World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme, composed by three global systems the Global Observing System (GOS), the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and the Global Data Processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS). WWW has been realized and made operational on a 365/24/7 basis through an agreed set of global standards for observations, data processing and service delivery which ensured the needed harmonization and interoperability. A number of global and regional centres hosted by NMSs formed the backbone of the communication and numerical modelling needed for the forecasting of the main atmospheric variables. States cooperated, coordinated and collectively invested in building the expensive satellite segment of the Global Observing System. While the WWW was a predominantly a public sector endeavour, it would not have been successful without an essential scientific and technological support from the academia and the private industry. At that stage, the participation of the private sector in the service delivery was generally limited with the exception of several countries, where private companies have become prominent mostly in the provision of weather services to media outlets. Significant changes in the weather enterprise structure started happening during the last years. While this change is evident across the globe its manifestations vary greatly by region and country. Five primary factors are influencing change: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Scientific and technological innovation; Growing demand for meteorological, climatological, hydrological, marine and related environmental products and services from commercial interests, the general public and government sector; Global action for adaptation to climate change and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; Public-sector institutional and resource constraints; Private-sector increased involvement and investment, consolidation and globalization. These factors shape the processes within the global weather enterprise with a pronounced trend of accelerating growth in terms of stakeholder participation and financial turnover. Amidst this change, it remains in the interest of all parties to have a robust national and global meteorological and hydrological infrastructure, as this forms the information backbone of the global weather enterprise. This requires all countries to reaffirm their commitments and acceptance to their responsibilities in funding and operating national observing networks and communication means, adherence to respective standards and procedures necessary to sustain 1 Leipzig Conference (1872) prepared the way for holding, in Vienna in 1873, the First International Meteorological Congress, which established the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), the predecessor of the WMO.

216 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 8 a global sharing of requisite and quality assured. Substantial internationally coordinated scientific and research effort underpins the operational systems and ensures their evolution with uptake of innovation, as well as continuous human capacity building through education and training. From being mostly engaged in manufacturing equipment and providing media services, recently, the private sector involvement has been rapidly growing in all aspects of meteorological and hydrological services, including a number of companies building end-toend capability with regional and global coverage. Such a growth is substantially expanding both opportunities and challenges for all players, including the NMHSs. 3.2 Evolving roles The impact of these changes on the current institutional arrangements widely accepted by WMO Members for the collection, processing, and exchange of meteorological, hydrological, climatological and other environmental data, as well as for the generation and provision of respective information and services, could be far-reaching. The potential exists to improve the efficacy and reach of warnings, forecasts and other services within societies around the world. At the same time, concerns have been raised that these changes might erode the core observational assets usually managed by NMHSs, as well as their status, funding and modes of operation. Such erosion could impact sustained long-term, national observing capabilities, and thereby harm national and global climate monitoring. There could be risks to the role of NMHSs as the single national authoritative voice for severe weather warnings and other core governmental purposes, all of which could have negative impacts on end users and other stakeholders of the weather enterprise. There are numerous case studies and practices present in various parts of the community today and examples from other sectors that can inform best practices for effective PPE to mitigate these risks. Within the weather enterprise, national, regional and international institutions and business models vary greatly. All stakeholders, however, contribute to the core mission of the enterprise to help protect life and property, to help foster economic growth, and to improve quality of life. Government, private sector, academia and civil society all play important roles. By its Convention, WMO plays a key role in understanding and facilitating the contributions of Member countries and their weather enterprise stakeholders. Historically, the public sector has led funding and development of the backbone infrastructure of the weather enterprise. The development of observational networks and provision of weather, climate and hydrological services have been considered as national governments obligations as public goods 2. Recently, technological changes and changes in users requirements have provided new opportunities for the private sector to contribute to the provision of those services in support of public interest as well as to meet specific stakeholder needs. In the case of weather services, one of its distinguishing characteristics is its dependence on observational data from around the globe. No one nation could provide even basic services to its citizens without continuous, real-time access to such data internationally. While investments in obtaining these observations are made at the national level, the collective benefits only accrue if: (i) a sufficiently large number of nations decide to make these investments; and (ii) these nations share the resulting data with each other. Members have 2 Public goods, in economic terms, are those that exhibit the following two characteristics: Non-rivalry of consumption one person s consumption does not reduce the amount available to others; and Non-excludability it is impossible or extremely expensive to exclude from benefit a person or organization that refuses to contribute to the cost. These two characteristics mean that even in free market economies, market processes do not provide them, or do not provide them at socially optimal levels.

217 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 9 invested in public sector institutions because weather, climate and hydrological services have proved essential to the safety and security of their citizens; a fundamental role of government. These factors should still be true even in the case of both public and private sectors contributing to collection of data. At the same time, the private sector is also a valued contributor in well-being of nations and has been active in the weather enterprise for decades across all elements of the value chain. It serves a number of very important roles, including as a source of investment, a driver of technological development and innovation, a partner in service development and delivery, and an engine for economic growth and employment. 4. PRINCIPLES OF ENGAGEMENT A major role of the Policy Framework is to establish a set of basic principles to provide directions, express responsibilities and goals. The PPE policy framework steps on the core values and goals of the WMO as an organization, and serves two main tasks: to guide an effective engagement of the public, private and academic sectors in the GWE, and to guide Members intentions and efforts in expanding the public-private-academic partnerships for ensuring better service to their governments, business and citizens. These principles will provide a framework to facilitate the formulation and implementation of partnerships between the WMO and the business sector, respectively, between the NMHS and private sector at country level, while safeguarding the integrity, impartiality and independence of the WMO and preventing and mitigating potential risks of adverse impacts on core mandates and services. 4.1 People First principle Recognizing the core mandate of supporting local-to-global decisions related to saving life, property and economic productivity, by providing essential, meteorological, climatological, hydrological and environmental information, WMO adheres to the People First 3 approach to public-private engagement and partnerships promoted by the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and widely accepted as a vehicle to achieve the UN SDGs. People-first principle sets out a clear statement that out of all the stakeholders, people should be the priority and main beneficiary. The focus of PPE and PPPs in the context of the GWE should be on improving the safety and quality of life of communities, particularly those that are fighting poverty. GWE partnerships should provide increased access to essential, affordable and fit-for-purpose products and services for all, thus contributing to resolve vulnerabilities and sensitivities to weather and climate impacts, which in turn would strengthen the enterprise by creating new demand and opportunities for weather, climate and hydrological services. WMO contributes to this People-first principle with its programmes supporting meteorological and hydrological service providers including NMHSs with free and open available data and products. 4.2 WMO Guidelines on commercial relations Commercial weather activities have been growing in the last two decades of the 20 th century. WMO had the challenge to find a solution to crucial issues facing WMO and the world meteorological community: how to maintain and improve the free exchange of meteorological 3 Promoting People first Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for the UN SDGs, UNECE, July 2016

218 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 10 data and products whilst safeguarding the economic concerns of Members and the development of their national Meteorological Services. In response to this, Congress adopted a policy showing that WMO was committing itself to broadening and enhancing the free and unrestricted international exchange of meteorological and related data and products. This policy, known as Resolution 40 (Cg-XII), provided also guidelines for relations between national meteorological or hydrometeorological services (NMSs) and the commercial sector (Annex 3 to resolution 40), with the understanding that the development of the exchange of meteorological and related information depends greatly upon sound, fair, transparent, and stable relations between the public and commercial 4 sectors. While dating back to more than 20 years now, most of the generic guidance on the relations between the non-commercial (or non-for-profit) entities and commercial entities, coexisting in the data and service delivery domains, remain valid in their attempt to urge the sectors to recognize the interdependence and mutual benefit possible from cooperative interaction. However, it has also been recognized that adoption and application of these guidelines is highly variable. 4.3 Mutual benefit A successful GWE builds on both public sector and private sector contributions, and each sector contributes to the success of the other. While the public sector is more likely to invest in longterm programmes and underpinning core infrastructure, such as that required to deliver the sustained, high quality climate record, the private sector can be more responsive to selected investment in data gaps to meet special needs and application of emerging technologies. The public sector's deep understanding and trusted connection with its user community is critical to assured community safety through responsiveness to authoritative warnings, while the capacity and technological agility of the private sector can present opportunities to meet novel and emerging service needs. The WMO offers a strong foundation of science, data and global standards which can inform and influence the development of these services and offer assurance to end-users regarding their quality. The private sector depends on the essential scientific and observational underpinning provided by the public sector and can be powerful advocates for sustained government investment in core public infrastructure and capability. Recognizing the key importance of data availability for all sectors of the GWE, a commonly developed and agreed framework to promote fair and equitable exchange of data and products will be essential for a successful cooperation on all matters concerning the GWE and will contribute to the full realization of its potential. Such a framework would be equally applicable to both private and public sector. It will be particularly important for life-saving missions, like disaster risk reduction, and for improving the access to critical information in the least developed countries, to establish sustainable and affordable conditions for access to data from the private sector. 4.4 Towards a new set of principles for public-private engagement In moving forward, public-private engagement activities should be guided and informed by the following set of principles, which are derived from the UN Global Compact 5 as well as from guidance given by the Executive Council (Decision 73 (EC-68) refers). A. Advancing the over-arching goals articulated in the WMO Convention, namely: (a) Protection of life and property; 4 Resolution 40 uses the term commercial sector with the understanding that the guidelines apply to the commercial sector engaged in meteorological activities, which includes government organizations engaged in commercial meteorological activities. 5 Information about UN Global Compact is available at:

219 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 11 (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Safeguarding the environment; Contributing to sustainable development; Promoting long-term observation, collection and sharing of meteorological, hydrological and climatological data, including related environmental data; Promotion of endogenous capacity-building; Meeting international commitments; Contributing to international cooperation. B. Shared value: Engagement between the public, private and academia sectors should create shared value and seek win-win situations whereby both public entities and businesses can recognize the opportunities for innovation and growth, based on science, in meeting society s needs. Creating shared value can be done by leveraging private-sector expertise and supporting technology transfer, by promoting free and unrestricted data sharing based on national circumstances with intellectual property rights duly respected, and by accelerating uptake of research and technological developments into operations and stimulating the generation of new services, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge, and by investing in local research and developing human capacity through training, thereby supporting the sustainability of the global weather enterprise. C. Sustainability: Public, private and academic sectors should seek opportunities for engagement where they can provide leadership on matters critical to sustainability of the weather enterprise and where joint action is needed to gain efficiencies and better serve society. The three sectors should seek to identify opportunities to assume complementary roles, minimizing overlap or competition where this would lead to inefficiencies or be detrimental to the sustainability of the weather enterprise. D. Advancing together: The rapid development of science and technology carries the risk of widening the gap between the developed and developing countries; the availability of global service providers might lead to marginalization of national agencies if not up to required service quality requirements. At the same time, there is also an opportunity for developing countries to leapfrog ahead with the smart adoption of innovative solutions in implementing those activities WMO defines as the key role of NMHSs, i.e., providing the core observing infrastructure and authoritative voice in public safety related services that must be recognized and maintained. At the same time, a new approach to a better engagement with private and academic sectors as well as to investment policies, both national and through development financing, should be promoted to support and enhance the provision of high quality products and services to users in all countries based on need. This will include efforts to help bridge existing gaps and develop capacity of developing countries, LDCs and SIDS, through publicprivate-academia-donors partnerships for sustainable development projects. A key principle to be maintained is that all countries, no matter what their state of development, should have the possibility and be helped to advance. E. Level playing field: Both public and private sectors have much to offer to advance collective objectives in support of the public goods and specific stakeholder needs. As such, public and private sector communities should both have the opportunity to propose cooperative arrangements or other forms of engagement which will facilitate working together, when appropriate. Weather, climate and hydrological services offered by both public and private sectors should be provided with an assured level of quality. WMO and Member governmental agencies can engage with the private sector for the purposes of development and provision of products and services that explicitly support and accelerate achievement of the goals of WMO and those of Member governments. However, to the extent reasonable, engagement should not provide exclusivity or imply endorsement or preference of a particular

220 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 12 private-sector entity or its products or services. Moreover, over the past decade, the private sector has invested in various aspects of the weather enterprise, including in observational networks and dissemination mechanisms. This creates a unique opportunity for two-way collaboration and sharing, including of data and expertise, to facilitate the attainment of common objectives and extract maximum benefit from the value chain for all involved. In the interest of a commonly supported level playing field, exclusivity of data ownership existing on both the public and private side of activities of data gathering and dissemination should be avoided. With due regard to national legislation, members should ensure that access to commercial data with use restrictions is treated equally between private arms of NMHSs and private sector companies. All enterprise stakeholders, including NMHSs, should comply with relevant national legislation and policy with respect to both data provision and the avoidance of anti-competitive behaviour. Where an NMHS operates both public and private arms, these should be treated as distinct entities when engaging in activities including: the exchange of data and products (including computer model output); and the provision of services (including consultancy services). Furthermore, where an NMHS with a private arm receives or generates data or products that it does not completely distribute on a full and unrestricted basis under resolutions 25, 40 or 60 to commercial users, the commercial activities of the NMHS should receive equivalent treatment as commercial users. F. Integrity: WMO and the public agencies established by its Members should seek to engage in mutually beneficial relationships and partnerships with academia and the private sector so as to benefit society. The integrity of the WMO and the agencies established by its Members, as well as their credibility, independence and impartiality should be maintained in the engagement. G. Sovereignty: The prerogative of WMO Members in how weather, climate and hydrological services are to be arranged and provided within their sovereign nations should be respected. This includes national or regional policies for making public data and products available on an open and free principle. H. Transparency: Engagement with the private sector should be transparent. Information on the nature and scope of major arrangements should be available to the concerned entities and to the public at large. 5. GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL ROLES Promoting better public-private engagement would require on-going consultation and action at global, regional and national levels. This will include defining respective roles of WMO constituencies in their interaction with other stakeholders of the weather enterprise. 5.1 Global level - The World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization facilitates worldwide activity and cooperation around weather, climate and water for the benefit of all nations and humankind overall. The WMO role supporting effective public-private engagement includes: A. Modernized and clearly articulated standards and recommended practices. WMO is a recognized standard-setting organization and its standards and recommended practices are developed to enable a unified global data exchange in the weather, climate, water and environment areas; a highly harmonized data processing and forecasting; as well as, provision of services with an acceptable level of quality and standard to specific economic sectors and the public. Standards are constantly developing based on both evolving requirements and evolving technology. WMO, throughout its existence (and before that time, the International Meteorological Organization (IMO)) managed to mobilize a global community of expertise to

221 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 13 support the development, validation and promulgation of standard and recommended practices, which, once approved by the Congress, provided the needed level of standardization, interoperability and investment-sharing that led to the today s highly successful Global Weather Enterprise. With the understanding that these regulations shall be respected by all providers in all Member countries, WMO should in the future engage more experts from the private sector and academia, including through sector s professional associations like the HMEI and other relevant international bodies, in the standard-setting process for a shared ownership of these standards. As WMO work in standards and practices setting expands to consider PPE, care should be taken in not prescribing specific solutions but rather should focus on desired outcomes and performance. WMO should also enhance its role to help ensure quality in data and services. In particular, compliance with standards should be promoted in all enterprise sectors and supported by agreed verification and validation measures. B. Encouraging free and unrestricted exchange of data. Governments who signed the WMO Convention have committed to following its regulations, including standards and practices related to the collection and sharing of data and products between stakeholders to support the global infrastructure as outlined in Resolutions 25 (Cg-XIII), 40 (Cg-XII) and 60 (Cg-17) and relevant technical regulations. WMO will develop and adapt guidance for NMHSs and other stakeholders as needed on free and unrestricted exchange of data as it applies to the current environment, in which private-sector entities may assume larger roles in data provision. C. Facilitating dialogue between all stakeholders. WMO should, together with its Members, formulate strategies to better communicate the value of public meteorological and hydrological services. Furthermore, WMO has proactively set up and participated in the ongoing global dialogue between public, private and academia stakeholders, engaging players and tracking developments and trends. Over time, and giving due consideration to existing forums, it should lead development of formal mechanisms to support regular, on-going dialogue with private and academic sectors along all parts of the value chain. Such mechanisms should provide a platform for exploration and resolution of issues and should seek to offer the members of the enterprise more parity in order to foster a spirit of cooperation and partnership. The governance structures and experience of other international organizations may provide useful models. WMO technical commissions should actively seek to better engage available expertise not only from the public sector, but also from academia and private sector. Such an all-inclusive approach will require innovation in the way the technical bodies conduct their business engaging efficient use of modern communication and collaboration technology. D. Investigate emerging issues as well as new roles, and implementing such roles as appropriate. As the weather enterprise evolves, WMO should monitor issues emerging around public- private engagement that could significantly affect either its Members or the sustainability of the global weather enterprise. Among those issues, it should investigate the feasibility and desirability of taking on new roles to help ensure quality in data and services. For example, in an increasingly crowded marketplace, there is a pressing need for an international authority to objectively validate the quality of the provided information and services, thus helping users in their selection of providers based on quality assurance. WMO programmes and expert bodies have been engaged in the development and implementation of verification methodologies, inter-comparison campaigns and quality management guidance. Verification of forecasts of different providers from both private and public sectors has also been done by independent third parties. In the future, such quality assurance activities should be better coordinated and criteria should be developed with the participation of the three enterprise sectors in order to distinguish between a good service and a bad service. The WMO Secretariat also needs to continue to expand dedicated expertise in meteorology as a business. 5.2 Regional level regional associations

222 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 14 WMO regional associations interface with their Members, liaise with other stakeholders, designate and support regional centres for delivery of regional services to Members. To support engagement with private sector and other stakeholders, regional associations are urged to take on roles including: A. Gathering and disseminating information and guidance. Regional associations are urged to facilitate change management and advocate for inclusive consultations, including knowledge and experience sharing, in order to enable Members to learn from each other and provide support as needed for effective public-private engagement. Knowledge can be shared globally through the WMO Secretariat to regional and national levels, as well as directly by regional associations with Members and other stakeholders. B. Raising awareness and capacity-building to Members. Regional associations are urged to provide capacity-building training to agency staff and leadership in practices needed for effective promotion of the value of weather services as well as public-private engagement. Such a capacity-building should highlight the need for public-private-academia partnerships in the light of the UN SDGs and should come with practical examples of good national practices. C. Exploring further cooperation in service provision at regional and subregional level. The regional associations should take a lead in informing their Members of the ongoing development of the Global Weather Enterprise and its expected growth. A key element to be well understood and exploited is the increasing internationalization of the service delivery. Modern technology allows for a global and regional provision of data and information services which in the past were provided exclusively by national entities. Such a trend poses both opportunities and risks, which regional associations should address to help their members adapt to this new environment. In particular, regional associations should study and promote examples of regionalization of certain services through bilateral or multilateral cooperation between Members which improve competitiveness of services and reduce their costs. Such sub-regional and regional approach should again not be limited to the public sector, but to explore achieving more efficiency through public-private cross-border engagement without compromising national mandates or quality requirements. 5.3 National level Members and NMHSs Given the increasing participation of the private sector, Members and their designated agencies such as NMHSs are urged to take action to maintain and improve agency engagement with the private sector to strengthen the weather enterprise with the aim of maximizing benefits to the Members in the short- and long-term. Effective engagement also offers opportunities to strengthen NMHSs and all entities involved in the weather enterprise. Roles include: A. Fostering structured dialogue with the private sector. Members and their designated agencies such as NMHSs are urged to reach out proactively to set up structured dialogue between public, private and academic sector stakeholders on issues of common interest. Regular dialogue would be more effective to improve mutual understanding and foster relationships. In this, Members and NMHSs may benefit from recognizing the opportunities where national objectives converge with those of the private sector. B. Encouraging appropriate legislation, business models, performing change management and building on core strengths. In an environment where private sector engagement in meteorological and hydrological services is likely to continue in the decades ahead, NMHSs should strongly consider building expertise, to develop their research and development capability, and to continuously enhance the quality and dissemination of their products and services to allow them to thrive in an increasingly competitive environment. They may also wish to undertake initiatives in order to understand and adapt to on-going changes in their business models, including potential initiatives involving national legislation to enable effective public-private engagement to leverage resources and build upon the strengths of the

223 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 15 sectors. Recognizing the increasing stress on the public budget in many States, which in turn puts a lot of stress on the NMHSs ability to maintain and develop their infrastructure and service capacity, national legislation enabling effective and equitable public-private engagement, creating win-win solutions to serve better the society and strengthening the authoritative role of NMHSs, may be appropriate. C. Promoting uptake of WMO standards and guidance. On an on-going basis, Members governments are urged to ensure that all national players providing meteorological or hydrological functions comply with WMO technical regulations (standards and recommended practices, procedures and specifications) that are designed to ensure global standardization and quality of data and products. WMO will also issue guidance for effective engagement between public and private actors in the weather enterprise and to provide some rules of engagement for Members and other stakeholders. Members also are urged to promote awareness of and compliance with these standards and guidance among other stakeholders. D. Fostering partnerships between public and civil society entities. In an evolving world, with societal vulnerabilities to weather and climate risks growing, designated Member agencies such as NMHSs are strongly encouraged to consider the needs and resources of public sector and civil society weather, climate, hydrological, marine and other related service consumers, and where opportunities exist to improve services for vulnerable end users, to seek to provide data and other information at cost-recovery rates or less. E. Exploring new partnerships at national and cross-border nature. In anticipation of a growing diversity in a multi-stakeholder weather, climate and hydrological service provision landscape, partnerships between national agencies or multi-national service delivery models through bi-lateral or multilateral agreements for certain services, should be encouraged. Such models would leverage resources, improve efficiency and allow consistent and seamless services across national borders. 6. PUBLIC-PRIVATE ENGAGEMENT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT The UN sustainable development agenda 2030 makes a call to join-up efforts to better serve countries, and it creates a sense of urgency for country level action. Most of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are linked to weather-, climate- and water-sensitive areas. Achieving them requires the multi-stakeholder public-private-academic Global Weather Enterprise (GWE) to develop and expand its capability to help reduce the vulnerability of societies to weather and climate extremes. The goals set by the 2030 Agenda, the Sendai Framework and the Paris Agreement is mobilizing an increasing amount of investments, which effectiveness will highly depend on the quality of weather, climate and hydrological information supporting those investments. While demands for information and service provision are increasing exponentially, many national meteorological and hydrometeorological services (NMHSs) in developing countries are confronted with major performance challenges. Closing this capacity gap requires scaling up collaboration and leveraging of WMO expertise and knowledge through strategic partnerships for increased impact. Capacity development actions to ensure production of and access to high-quality weather, hydrological and climate information needed for sustainable development, will require a concerted effort of all GWE stakeholders, but also a mobilization of significant financial resources. This challenging task brings the development finance institutions (DVI) as another important partner in the GWE. The growing flow of resources for building the capacity of hydrometeorological services including from the Green Climate Fund (GCF), Multilateral Development Banks, and bilateral partners require a more systematic and complementary approach for sustainable investments. Efforts need to focus not only on more but also better

224 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 16 investments to increase capacity and relevance of NMHSs as key players for a country s sustainable development The GWE has a major role in developing business models to ensure the best use of the significant donor funds for raising the capacity of the developing countries in a sustainable manner. The interlinkages and interdependencies between the developing and developed world substantiate two main business cases for the enterprise: the business case of a sustainable global infrastructure to run global services, and the business case of enabling developing countries to develop local capacity and benefit from the global services available. A component of the capacity supporting local capabilities throughout the WMO community is currently and will continue to be, tied to the ability of the growing private sector to create jobs, especially as the government sector shrinks in the face of contracting budgets. In this regard, a focus on the growth of the local workforce with expertise in the IT and science-to-service advancements will go hand-in-hand in the development and growth of local capabilities within the private sector that will be required to sustain the capacity development envisioned for all Members. Development projects with public-private engagement have a potential to provide sustainable solutions for modernizing national infrastructure and enhancing the access to and the quality of the requisite services needed by the national economy and citizens. To enable such partnerships, it is necessary for both public and private sector stakeholders to build mutual trust, respect a code of ethics and strive to establish long-lasting engagement. Business models based on leveraging of the resources, cost- and revenue-sharing, should be further developed and promoted. The academic sector has also its important role in such partnerships by bringing innovation and training and education opportunities. At international level, WMO should work closely with the development financing institutions in designing projects that are based on prioritized national needs following the people first principle, financially viable to ensure sustainability, and reinforcing the capability of the developing countries to be part of the international exchange of data and products through the WMO global systems. Appendix: 1

225 RA V-17/INF. 5(1), p. 17 APPENDIX GLOSSARY OF TERMS Note: The definition of terms related to public-private engagement is a work in progress. Thus, the definitions of terms below should be seen as related to the context of this Policy Framework and not as universally applicable. Academic Sector means public or private higher education establishments awarding academic degrees, public or private non-profit research institutes whose primary mission is to pursue research. (definition used by the European Commission) Private sector (business sector): Either for-profit, and commercial enterprises or businesses; or business associations and coalitions (cross-industry, multi-issue groups; cross industry, issue-specific initiatives; industry-focused initiative); including but not limited to corporate philanthropic foundations. Public-private engagement: Engagement by NMHSs (and/or other public agents) with the private sector in various modes in the production and delivery of weather, climate, hydrological, marine and related environmental information and services while respecting the public interest and the mandates of NMHSs and keeping in mind budgetary constraints. Public private partnerships are voluntary and collaborative relationships among various actors in both public (State) and private (non-state) sectors, in which all participants agree to work together to achieve a common goal or undertake specific tasks. Partnerships may serve various purposes, including advancing a cause, to implement normative standards or codes of conduct, or to share and coordinate resources and expertise. They may consist of a specific single activity, or may evolve into a set of actions or even an enduring alliance, building consensus and ownership with each collaborating organization and its stakeholders. While they vary considerably, such partnerships are typically established as structured cooperative efforts with a sharing of responsibilities as well as expertise, resources and other benefits. Weather Enterprise: A name used to describe the multitude of systems and entities participating in the production and provision of meteorological, climatological, hydrological, marine and related environmental information and services. For brevity, the name only refers to weather ; however, the enterprise encompasses all business areas of WMO, including weather, climate and water; and all core activities observations, modelling, data-processing and forecasting, and other services and related research. The weather enterprise includes public-sector entities (NMHSs and other governmental agencies), private-sector entities (such as equipment manufacturers, service-provider companies and private media companies) and academia, as well as civil society (community-based entities, NGOs, national meteorological societies, scientific associations, etc.). The weather enterprise has global, regional, national and local dimensions. Global Weather Enterprise is the global dimension of the multi-national multi-stakeholder weather enterprise encompassing all contributors to the Earth system monitoring, prediction and service provision from public, private and academic sectors, as well as learned or civil society entities. Data and services: The terms data and services are understood as complementary and often overlapping. Their use and definition is expected to develop over time.

226 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 5(2) Submitted by: Secretary-General 10.X.2018 ENHANCING WEATHER, CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICE DELIVERY CAPACITY OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THROUGH EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS - BEYOND BUSINESS AS USUAL The upcoming WMO Strategic Plan sets an ambitious Goal to close the capacity gap on weather, climate and water services between developed and developing countries. Scaling up effective partnerships is one of the Strategic Objectives to achieve this Goal. Delivering on this objective requires moving beyond business as usual and stepping up efforts for scaled-up, coordinated, sustained, and increased impact of support to developing countries through strategic partnerships fostered by the WMO Secretariat and its new Office of Development Partnerships. 1. What is at stake? While demand for information and services provision is increasing exponentially, many NMHSs in developing countries are confronted with major performance challenges. According to the World Economic Forum 2018 Global Risk Report, four of the five most pressing risks the world is confronted with are weather, climate and water related. With exponentially growing demand, linear progress in delivering hydromet services is not sufficient. Closing this capacity gap requires scaling up collaboration and leveraging of WMO expertise and knowledge through strategic partnerships for increased impact. The United Nations reform agenda makes a call to join up efforts to better serve countries, and it creates a sense of urgency for country level action. The frame of ambition set by the 2030 Agenda, the Sendai Framework and the Paris Agreement is mobilizing an increasing amount of investments, the effectiveness of which will highly depend on the quality of underpinning weather, climate and water information. The growing flow of resources for hydromet services - including from the Green Climate Fund (GCF), Multilateral Development Banks, and bilateral partners - requires a more systematic and complementary approach for sustainable investments. Efforts need to focus not only on more but also better investments to increase capacity and relevance of NMHSs as key players for a country s sustainable development. Several mechanisms aiming at fostering programmatic approaches have already been developed, including the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). There is an opportunity to increase their operational relevance and to scale up their impact. Going beyond business as usual also requires going beyond traditional finance. There is an increasing role of the private sector in providing weather, climate and water services. The growing community of the Global Weather Enterprise (GWE), which brings together the public and private sectors and academia, is working to foster innovative hydro-meteorological services business models.

227 RA V-17/INF. 5(2), p Why do we need partnerships and what is the role of the WMO Office of Development Partnership? During the Second Development Partners Conference on Strengthening and Sustaining National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, going beyond business as usual convened by WMO, the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) in March 2018, participants agreed that closing the capacity gap on weather, climate and water services will require a collective effort and a commitment to work under common principles of effectiveness and better targeted action. Effective partnerships will play a critical role in achieving the common goal of scaled-up, coordinated, sustained, and more impactful hydromet action. The objective of the WMO Secretariat is to substantially scale up its support to developing countries in implementing the WMO Strategic Plan. The means to achieve this objective is to work with and through the main development partners. The partnership value proposition is to jointly achieve more than the WMO Secretariat could achieve on its own. To achieve increased impact, there is a need to leverage human, technical, and financial resources. Building on lessons learned from the implementation of the Resource Mobilization Strategy, the WMO Secretariat and its Office of Development Partnerships will act as a: (a) Catalyst for more and better investments aiming at closing the capacity gap of hydromet services in developing countries; (b) (c) Expert advisor tapping and providing the combined expertise of the WMO institutional network and its partners in support of developing countries; Innovator - fostering new ways and mechanisms to increase impact of hydromet investments in developing countries. Given the importance of development partnerships in the context of the upcoming Strategic Plan, the Office of Development Partnerships has been repositioned and strengthened. The office works now under the direct guidance of the Secretary General and has been integrated into the Cabinet and External Affairs Department. 3. How to scale up support through Development Partnerships? To effectively play its roles as catalyst, expert advisor, and innovator, the Office of Development Partnerships is going to focus on three priority areas of action: (a) Mobilizing development partners for scaled-up and more effective support Building on the outcomes of the 2018 Development Partners Conference, the WMO Secretariat aims at rallying development partners for scaled-up, coordinated, sustained, and impactful investments in hydromet services. The WMO Secretariat will work with the most important providers of development and climate finance, including Multilateral Development Banks, the GCF, and bilateral development agencies, to connect the dots between increasing but largely scattered resources and investments in hydromet services. (b) Developing WMO expert services advisory capacity WMO is the United Nations authoritative voice on weather, climate and water. As such, it is incumbent on WMO to ensure that best available science, evidence and expertise is provided in a tailored manner to developing countries and their partners. Therefore, the WMO Secretariat will mobilize technical expertise from the WMO community including technical commissions, programmes and national, regional and global centres in support of weather, climate and water evidence-based decision-making and related hydromet projects.

228 RA V-17/INF. 5(2), p. 3 For the provision of this technical expertise, the WMO Secretariat will create a mechanism that will allow countries and their development partners to draw on the knowledge captured in WMO vast institutional network and programmes. WMO expert services provided to international development partners will be financed through a cost-recovery mechanism. Expert services provided directly to developing countries and their NMHSs will be delivered through a Country Support Initiative. (c) Establishing a Country Support Initiative The Country Support Initiative is a mechanism aimed at mobilizing financing from bilateral partners to provide rapid, gap filling and tailored support to developing country NMHSs and their development partners, for coordinated, sustained, and increased impact of support to developing countries. In order to achieve this objective, the Initiative will tap science, evidence, expertise and products made available through WMO Expert Services. The Initiative will focus on the following areas: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Supporting design of projects from NMHSs and development partners so that these projects properly contribute to adequate and coherent strengthening of operational systems (observing systems, data communication and exchange systems) and NMHSs capacity (based on WIGOS and the Global Basic Observation Network decision by WMO Executive Council in June 2018); Providing capacity support beyond project - filling gaps during implementation and after completion of development projects; Providing support to shape country pathway to hydromet development - NMHS strategic planning in support of country climate priorities and commitments and tapping climate finance. This includes NMHS assessment and capacity development and readiness for business opportunities (e.g. via envisioned GCF climate rationale implementation support to country partners and GCF accredited entities preparing projects in the country); Exploring opportunities for crowding-in private sector support: in collaboration with interested developing country NMHSs, identify opportunities for public-private engagement in line with on-going GWE discussion; Exploring creation of new financing vehicle for observation infrastructure: taking into account performance-based financing, global public good aspect of observations, and sustainability of investments (operation and maintenance costs), based on WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) and Global Basic Observing Network (GBON) and linked to financing for the Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System (IG3IS) infrastructure and corresponding services.

229 RA V-17/INF. 5(2), p What are examples of evolving successful development partnerships? (a) Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) Initiative The CREWS partnership was established less than two years ago between the WMO, the World Bank, the GFDRR, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) and multiple bilateral partners. The World Bank serves as the trustee. While still in its early stages, CREWS has already increased the impact of hydromet interventions in Least Developed Countries (LDC) and Small Islands Development States (SIDS) by leveraging investments in these countries through a programmatic approach. CREWS aligns the technical expertise of its implementing partners, offers scaled-up technical support tailored to each specific country context, and aims at leveraging substantial amounts of additional financial resources. For example, in Mali, a CREWS grant of US$ 3.3 million to strengthen meteorological, hydrological, food security and civil protection services has leveraged a US$ million grant from the GCF and an additional US$ 8.25 million from the World Bank fund for the poorest countries IDA. WMO contribution to CREWS focuses on strengthening hydro-meteorological systems and service delivery. This is largely done through NMHS-to-NMHS partnering. (b) Green Climate Fund The WMO Secretariat through its Office of Development Partnerships and in collaboration with WMO technical departments has stepped up its engagement with the GCF and is in advanced discussions about the provision of WMO expert services for the development of a concept, methodology, and implementation approach for the inclusion of a climate rationale in all GCF funded activities, based on the best available science. This repositioning of the partnership with the GCF also aims at increasing WMO effectiveness in strengthening developing countries NHMSs capacities and at increasing their relevance as providers of evidence for climate finance decision making. (c) The World Bank Group Based on a Memorandum of Understanding signed in 2017, the collaboration between the WMO Secretariat and the World Bank Group is rapidly evolving. For example, the 2018 Hydromet Development Partners Conference was co-organized and follow up to the conference is undertaken in a joint manner. Collaboration is also progressing on the GWE initiative, which is exploring innovative business models to catalyse opportunities of collaborative work between private, public sector and academia. As the World Bank is scaling up its financing for hydromet projects financing tripled over the past few years with today about US$ 800 million being invested and further growth expected the WMO Secretariat is advancing arrangements to deliver WMO expert service advice to the World Bank for design and implementation support of World Bank financed projects. By working closely with the World Bank and other Multilateral Development Banks, WMO has a significant opportunity to enhance its impact as a catalyst, expert advisor, and innovator.

230 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 5(3) Submitted by: Secretary-General 12.X.2018 PARTNERSHIPS STRENGTHENING PARTNERSHIPS WITH REGIONAL AND INTER-REGIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODIES Short introductory text: Members of the regional association continued to benefit from targeted cooperation activities undertaken by WMO in collaboration with fellow UN system agencies, including regional entities and other international organizations. Further to decisions taken by Congress at its seventeenth session (Cg-17) and the Executive Council at its seventieth session (EC-70) regarding WMO s contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Secretariat is developing practical and focused actions to support Members implementation of the Agenda at a regional level. Members of the Region increasingly recognize the value of communications for raising the visibility of NMHSs and WMO in the Region. WMO cooperation with the UN system and other international organizations In the context of activities under the Typhoon Committee (TC), WMO continued to work with the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) to enhance regional cooperation and provide support for establishing early warning systems of tropical cyclones with a multi-hazard approach. Close collaboration with UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO-IOC) has taken place towards improving the effectiveness of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS) in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Tsunami Warning System over the Pacific. With the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), WMO has worked together to meet the requirements of ICAO in implementing Quality Management System (QMS) (ISO 9001:2008 certification) in the Meteorological Offices of RA V PTC/TC Members. Support for implementation of Amendment 75 to ICAO Annex 3/WMO Technical Regulations [C.3.1], by the seven Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centres (TCACs) was also provided. Engagement with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) has focused on work in the field of DRR through community preparedness and community-based disaster risk management. The World Bank Group - Based on a Memorandum of Understanding signed in 2017, the collaboration between the WMO Secretariat and the World Bank Group is rapidly evolving. For example, the 2018 HydroMet Development Partners Conference was co-organized and follow up to the conference is undertaken in a joint manner. Collaboration is also progressing on the Global Weather Enterprise (GWE) initiative, which is exploring innovative business models to catalyse opportunities of collaborative work between private, public sector and academia. As the World Bank is scaling up its financing for HydroMet projects financing tripled over the past few years with today about US$ 800 million being invested and further growth expected the WMO Secretariat is advancing arrangements to deliver WMO expert service advice to the World Bank for design and implementation support of World Bank financed projects. By working closely with the World Bank and other Multilateral Development Banks, WMO has a significant opportunity to enhance its impact as a catalyst, expert advisor, and innovator. Moreover, the World Bank and WMO organized a South Asia HydroMet Services Forum in September 2018 where the objectives of the Forum were to bring together high-level representatives from government agencies and development institutions working on weather and climate services

231 RA V-17/INF. 5(3), p. 2 working on weather and climate services to (1) share information about ongoing national HydroMet modernization efforts in the South Asia region, (2) identify areas to strengthen regional collaboration and (3) discuss institutional arrangements needed to sustain and scale up ongoing national and regional efforts in the delivery of HydroMet and climate services Regional organizations Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics (SCMG) Members of the Association of South East-Asian Nations (ASEAN) Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics (SCMG) with WMO and other RA V Members, have been actively focused on the development and subsequent adoption of the Strategic Plan of the SCMG from 2016 to 2025, as well as improving information exchange and sharing services, capacitybuilding and research and development as well as work on an Early Warning System (EWS) in the ASEAN sub-region for disaster risk reduction. Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) WMO has been supporting the Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) with three members and one collaborating state in RA V. The Second Ministerial Conference, held in conjunction with the seventh meeting of the RIMES Council on 9-10 July 2015, adopted the RIMES five-year plan, Master Plan , which details country-specific capacity-building priorities of RIMES member and collaborating states for usercentered multi-hazard risk-based early warning, and for maximizing opportunities associated with climate. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) WMO signed a LoA with SPREP on 24 July 2015 for the Organizations to collaborate on activities that support the goals of the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) funded Programme for the implementation of the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) at Regional and National scales. WMO also renewed LoA with SPREP on 27 July 2015 on the support for the Pacific Meteorological Desk Partnership (PMDP) hosted by SPREP in Apia, Samoa. WMO collaborates with SPREP on the organization of the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC) and the Pacific Islands Ministers Meeting on Meteorology (PIMMM). The WMO Office for the South-West Pacific is operating from the SPREP Campus in Apia, Samoa. Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC) and Pacific Islands Ministers Meeting on Meteorology (PIMMM) The Third and Fourth Pacific Islands Meteorological Council (PMC-4) were held in Nuku alofa, Tonga, from 20 to 23 July 2015 and in Honiara, Solomon Islands from 14 to 18 August 2017, respectively. The First and Second Pacific Islands Ministers Meeting on Meteorology were held in Nuku alofa, Tonga on 24 July 2015 and in Honiara, Solomon Islands on 18 August 2017, respectively. The Government of Samoa has offered to host the Fifth Pacific Meteorological Council in 2018, in Apia, Samoa.

232 RA V-17/INF. 5(3), p. 3 Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) WMO signed a LoA with the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) on 23 February 2017 on the implementation of Fiji s Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP- Fiji). Other international organizations Green Climate Fund: The WMO Secretariat through its Office of Development Partnerships and in collaboration with WMO technical departments has stepped up its engagement with the GCF and is in advanced discussions about the provision of WMO expert services for the development of a concept, methodology, and implementation approach for the inclusion of a climate rationale in all GCF funded activities, based on the best available science. This repositioning of the partnership with the GCF also aims at increasing WMO s effectiveness in strengthening developing countries NHMSs capacities and at increasing their relevance as providers of evidence for climate finance decision making. WMO contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the centrepiece of the global development agenda adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015, identifies 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 169 associated targets and highlights a number of international mechanisms for supporting its implementation. It is recognized that WMO and its community, through their explicit mandates to protect lives and property, already contribute to the overall Agenda and various SDGs, both directly and indirectly, as well as through active participation in related processes of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction , the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the new urban agenda under Habitat III. Members can benefit from WMO status as a UN specialized agency through the unique network of partnerships and opportunities developed and generated with other communities, sectors and disciplines, through platforms like the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) in the area of climate services. Additionally, through the development of its policy on a public-private engagement approach for capacity building, WMO will be seeking to scale up collaboration and leverage WMO expertise and knowledge through strategic partnerships, including across relevant regional and inter-regional platforms. Both the current WMO Strategic Plan for and the Draft WMO Strategic Plan for , set out WMO priorities that are fully aligned with actions to enable its Members to meet the demands of the new agenda for improved information, products and services across the weather, climate, hydrological, marine and related environmental spectrum. At the regional level, Decision 70 (EC-68) WMO contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Resolution 33 (EC-70) on Public-Private Engagement, outline ways through which the Organization and its Members can support implementation of the Agenda in the sectors of food security, health, water and sanitation, urban development, climate change and ocean and coastal management.

233 RA V-17/INF. 5(3), p. 4 Communications and Public Affairs The Communications and Public Affairs (CPA) Office has remained firmly committed to strengthening the interaction between IPA Focal Points at NMHSs and UN communication staff in promoting WMO messages, developing materials and sharing best practices. This collaboration has contributed to meeting the needs of the media and the public at large for accurate and in-depth information about weather, climate and water and the value provided to society by NMHSs. The CPA Office also regularly sent by to Focal Points the daily update In the Media to inform NMHSs about the press coverage received by WMO and WMO issues. The CPA Office assists NMHSs every year in the celebration of the annual World Meteorological Day (WMD) as a way of increasing their visibility. The CPA refreshed WMO Youth website in 2019, relaunching it on 12 August for International Youth Day. The Office is currently one of leads in the WMO Extranet or Community website project, which will improve communication and interaction with IPA Focal Points and revolutionize the way WMO works with its Members. CPA has facilitated the access of weather presenters from NMHSs and TV stations in RA V to weather, climate and water experts around the world and provided media-friendly graphics and climate stories to international weather presenters.

234 World Meteorological Organization REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Seventeenth Session Nuku alofa, Tonga, 15 to 17 October 2018 RA V-17/INF. 6.1(1) Submitted by: Secretary-General 15.X.2018 Recommendation 20 (EC-70) WMO Strategic Plan THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, Recalling: (1) Decision 65 (EC-69) Preparation of the WMO Strategic Plan , (2) The recommendations of the Working Group on Strategic and Operating Planning, Confirms that the final version of the draft WMO Strategic Plan has been prepared in accordance with the above-mentioned decision of the Executive Council and the recommendations of the Working Group; Recommends to the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress draft Resolution XX (Cg 18) WMO Strategic Plan, as laid out in the annex to the present recommendation. Annex to Recommendation 20 (EC-70) Draft Resolution XX (Cg-18) WMO Strategic Plan THE CONGRESS, Noting: (1) Resolution 69 (Cg-17) WMO Strategic Plan ( ), (2) Resolution 71 (Cg-17) Preparation of the Strategic and Operating Plans , (3) Decision 65 (EC-69) Preparation of the WMO Strategic Plan , (4) Recommendation 20 (EC-70) WMO Strategic Plan, Noting further that the WMO strategic planning process for the period and beyond is based on and comprises three interlinked key components, namely: (1) The WMO Strategic Plan, which provides a high-level vision and overarching priorities of the future direction of WMO, articulated in long-term goals and strategic objectives with focused implementation areas for the financial period and related monitoring indicators,

235 RA V-17/INF. 6.1(1), p. 2 (2) The WMO Operating Plan, which presents outcomes in the form of benefits to Members, outputs, activities and related performance indicators to address the global societal needs and achieve the strategic objectives, (3) The WMO Results-based Budget, which identifies resources for implementing the Strategic Plan, including functioning of constituent bodies, the Secretariat and activities, Approves, under the provision of Article 8 (a), (b) and (c) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, the WMO Strategic Plan, as contained in the annex to the present resolution; Urges Members to take the WMO Strategic Plan into account in developing and carrying out their national development, disaster risk reduction, climate services and other relevant strategies on programmes in meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, as well as in their participation in the programme activities of the Organization; Requests the Executive Council, the regional associations, the technical commissions and the Secretary-General to adhere to the vision, overarching priorities, long-term goals and strategic objectives set forth in the Strategic Plan and to organize programme activities so as to achieve the expected outcomes; Requests the Executive Council to use the Strategic Plan, complemented by the WMO Operating Plan, as a benchmark to monitor progress and performance in achieving the expected outcomes by implementing programmes and activities of the Organization and to submit a report to the Nineteenth World Meteorological Congress; Requests the Secretary-General to arrange for the publication of the Strategic Plan, for its distribution to all Members and constituent bodies of WMO, to United Nations system and other partner organizations, as appropriate. Note: This resolution replaces Resolution 69 (Cg-17), which is no longer in force.

236 RA V-17/INF. 6.1(1), p. 3 Annex to draft Resolution XX/1 (Cg-18) WMO Strategic Plan World Meteorological Organization STRATEGIC PLAN Draft Foreword Executive summary (will be added at the stage of publishing) (will be a separate publication for external communication)

237 RA V-17/INF. 6.1(1), p. 4 Our Vision By 2030, we see a world where all nations, especially the most vulnerable, are more resilient to the socioeconomic consequences of extreme weather, climate, water and other environmental events; 1 and underpin their sustainable development through the best possible services, whether over land, at sea or in the air. Our Mission Our Mission is outlined under Article 2 of WMO Convention as to facilitate worldwide cooperation on monitoring and predicting changes in weather, climate, water and other environmental conditions through the exchange of information and services, standardization, application, research and training. (Box) WMO is a specialized agency and an authoritative voice of the United Nations WMO Member States and Territories own and operate the scientific infrastructure required for providing the weather, climate, water and related environmental services, and primarily delivered through their national meteorological and hydrological organizations. WMO enables the performance of its Member States and Territories in the provision of their monitoring, forecasting and warning services, leads and informs the global agenda where it best serves their interest through provision of credible information, reports and assessment at global, regional scales, channels their scientific expertise to address emerging issues such as climate change, and fosters effective and strategic partnerships. For more than a century, WMO has been providing the essential worldwide leadership and coordination in support of nations responsibilities to provide weather, climate, water and related environmental services that protect lives, property and livelihoods. The cross-border nature of the weather, water and climate phenomena requires close coordination among all WMO Members States and Territories in building highly standardized systems for their monitoring, analysis and prediction. WMO, through its various bodies and programmes, has established and facilitated an unprecedented global scientific and operational cooperation, encompassing Members National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), academic and research institutions, business partners, communities and individuals. The role of WMO will remain to support the activities of its Member States in understanding the past, monitoring the present and predicting the future state and interactions of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and other vital elements of our planet, enabling adequate and effective preparedness, adaptation and response to related natural extremes. This will require further enhancement of coordinated and interoperable networks and systems for data collection and processing, improvement of predictive skill through advanced science and computational technologies, and finally highly innovative approaches of service delivery that will ensure that accurate, fit-for-purpose information will reach its users on time for making their weather-, water- and climate-informed decisions. 1 In the context of this Strategic Plan, the term weather refers to short-term variations in the state of the atmosphere and their phenomena or effects, including wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog, cold spells, heat waves, drought, sand and dust storms and atmospheric composition, as well as tropical and extratropical cyclones, storms, gales, the state of the sea (e.g. wind-generated waves), sea ice, coastal storm surges etc. Climate refers to longer-term aspects of the atmosphere-ocean-land surface systems. Water includes freshwater above and below the land surfaces of the Earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, both in time and space. Related environmental issues refer to surrounding conditions affecting human beings and living resources, for example the quality of air, soil and water, as well as space weather - the physical and phenomenological state of the natural space environment, including the Sun and the interplanetary and planetary environments.

238 RA V-17/INF. 6.1(1), p. 5 Our Core Values The WMO recognizes, above all, in fulfilling its mandate, the principles of striving to ensure that no Member State or Territory should be left behind, and to sustain the public trust and confidence in the science underpinnings and the authoritative voice of the Organization and its Members. As WMO works to translate its vision into results, the Organization will be guided by the following values: (1) Accountability for results and transparency. To serve as an authoritative voice and a global leader in its field of work, WMO decisions and actions must be characterized by adherence to the highest scientific and technical standards, integrity, professionalism, capacity to perform and effectiveness. WMO sets clearly defined objectives and assumes responsibility for delivering high-quality results. In so doing, the WMO remains mindful of the need for quality management and cost-effectiveness; (2) Collaboration and partnership. Collaboration lies at the foundation of WMO mandate. WMO recognizes the importance of partnerships among Members, multilateral and bilateral development partners and other relevant actors, including the private sector, academia and other non-state players, to leverage investment, enhance capability and performance of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, and deliver improved outcomes for society. WMO would expect that any such partners uphold the highest standards of ethical behavior; (3) Inclusiveness and diversity. WMO is committed to support all Members and narrow the capacity gaps among them in the delivery of services by sustaining government support, international cooperation, catalyzing investment and targeted assistance. Based on the priorities identified by its regional bodies, WMO will ensure the coordination and implementation of its programmes, strategies and activities and facilitate the transfer of knowledge within and across regions to better serve the needs of its Members. WMO will also pursue gender equality and effective participation of women and men in governance, scientific cooperation and decision-making in implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 5, the WMO Gender Equality Policy, and UN criteria. The WMO Core Values also guide the behaviour of Secretariat staff. As custodians of the Organization s image and reputation, they are expected to uphold a commitment to the highest standards of ethical behaviour as expressed in the WMO Code of Ethics and the Standards of Conduct for the International Civil Service.

239 RA V-17/INF. 6.1(1), p. 6 Key Drivers Global agenda creating unprecedented demand for actionable, accessible and authoritative science-based information The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction serve as the centrepieces for national and international policymaking and action. And as a consequence, their implementation will increasingly demand actionable, accessible and authoritative information and services on the changing states of the entire Earth System. 2 (Box/infographics) The meteorological and hydrological information and services provided through Member States institutions are essential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty, agriculture and food security, health, water, climate change, oceans, energy, settlements, consumption and production, and partnerships. As governments, organizations and international bodies align their development activities within these frameworks, WMO and NMHSs in particular, have enormous roles to play in supporting implementation. The concomitant decisions at all levels will continue to be contingent upon a better understanding of the changing threat levels from natural hazards, weather, water and climate extremes and climate change. The measurements and reports of the WMO community in these areas currently serve as the backbone of Earth System monitoring and prediction services. Global Earth System observations will provide a basis for meeting the demand for increasing seamless prediction capability from weather to climate scales based on a unified modeling approach. As new forms of measurements emerge, and new uses for these measurements become more sophisticated, the reliance on WMO through its Members for this authoritative information will only increase. Furthermore, advancing the global observation and numerical modeling system will provide a foundation for addressing the increasing requirements for impact decisions related to a wide range of applications from public safety, to agriculture, energy, health, and water resource management and relevance to climate change. This means that the quality of these decisions will depend to a greater extent on the WMO ability to properly measure and report on changes in the climate, to assess and communicate weather, climate, water-related and air quality risks and to provide effective multi-hazard, extended range forecasts and early warnings. Governments, organizations, and international bodies will increasingly rely on information from WMO and NMHSs as they pursue their sustainable development goals on land, at sea and in the air. The provision of climate services at global, regional and national levels for economic sectors in support of energy, water, health, and food production among others will be vital in building a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy. The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) provides a basis to support international policies and actions, National Adaptation Plans and progress towards achieving Nationally Determined Contributions. To address these growing demands for actionable scientific information, Members NMHSs will need targeted investments, scientific and technical development and strategic partnerships. 2 In this context, the Earth is being considered as an integrated system of atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere, which informs policies and decisions based on a deeper understanding of the physical, chemical, biological and human interactions that determine the past, current and future states of the Earth.