Why Not Operate Data Centers & Telecom Central Offices at 400 VDC???

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1 Why Not Operate Data Centers & Telecom Central Offices at 400 VDC??? Dennis P. Symanski Senior Project Manager 2009 IBM Power and Cooling Technology Symposium 20-21OCT2009 Rochester, MN

2 Data Center Energy Use in U.S. From: EPA Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Efficiency, It is estimated that this sector consumed about 61 billion kilowatthours (kwh) in 2006 (1.5 percent of total U.S. electricity consumption) for a total electricity cost of about $4.5 billion 2

3 Telecom Central Office Energy Consumption Country Network Energy Consumption % of Country Total Energy Consumption USA Verizon TWh 0.24% Japan NTT Group TWh 1% Italy Telecom Italia TWh 1% France France Telecom- Orange TWh 0.4% Spain Telefonica TWh 0.6% Global electricity consumption of telecom industry estimated at 1%: 164 billion kwh More than the total electricity consumption of Iran, Turkey or Sweden Enough to power 1.6 million homes million tons of CO2 (equivalent to the annual emissions of 29 million cars!) Source: Emerson Network Power and NTT 3

4 Heat Density Trends The Uptime Institute Reprinted with permission of the Uptime Institute Inc. from a white paper titled Heat Density Trends in Data Processing, Computer Systems, and Telecommunications Equipment. 4

5 Data Centers versus Telecom Central Offices Similarities Both installing lots of IT equipment Both adding new services & capabilities (Central Offices looking more & more like Data Centers) Both are running out of power & cooling & space Differences 200 to 240 VAC operation versus 48 VDC Commercial-grade equipment versus NEBS-certified equipment Modern newer installations versus old/downtown installations 5

6 400 VDC Data Center Demonstration (2006) EPRI participated in this 400 VDC data center demonstration showing 7% efficiency improvement over state-of-the-art AC power distribution 28% efficiency improvement over typical AC power distribution 6

7 State-of-the-Art 208 VAC versus 400 VDC 480V 3φ AC AC/DC DC/AC UPS PDU 208V 1φ AC Rack AC/DC Server PSU DC/DC 12V VR VR Fans Electr. loads 94% x 96% x 93% x 92% = 77% BLD 480V G PWR 3φ AC AC/DC UPS 400V DC PDU Rack 400V DC Server DC/DC PSU 12V VR VR Fans Electr. loads 97.5% x 100% x 95% x 92% = 85% Source: Delta Products Corp 7

8 Why do 400 VDC at all??? Increased Efficiency Already demonstrated Better Space Utilization Most equipment will be smaller Increased Reliability (Fewer Components) Expected & to be confirmed over time Decreased Cost (Fewer Components) Once volume is ramped up 8

9 400 VDC Power Distribution EPRI is developing a specification for DC power distribution with Intel and others. 9

10 400 VDC Power Supplies Power Supply Specification Exactly the same as the existing spec for 100 to 240 VAC or 200 to 240 VAC (Worldwide Safety & EMC Standards) EXCEPT Input voltage 300 to 400 VDC and Input connector rated at 400 VDC 10

11 400 VDC Facilities Power Distribution Facilities Specification Need Safety Agency (e.g. UL) listing on all new 400 VDC products (Rectifier/DC UPS/PDU/Busway/Fuse/Breaker/Power Strip/Connectors) +/- 200 VDC rating (400 VDC Center-Tapped) Operating tolerance: +0%, -25% All loads connected between +200 and -200 VDC No loads are to be connected +200 to ground or -200 VDC to ground 11

12 DC Voltage Why 400 VDC??? (Sweet Spot) IEC 900 BS (U.K.) 750 Ordinance (JPN) 600 NEC(U.S.) (192cell) 374 (168cell) 321 (144cell) 575 Validus 380 DC Demo (Sun) 300 NEDO PJ. (Sendai) Operating bulk - voltage 373(U.K.) 354(EU) 311(JPN) large Distribution efficiency Cable Distance 0 Law, Regulation, Code, and Stds. Distributied Telecom trends Gen. (Number of Cell) Demos (Reference) Rating voltage of parts and elements 186(U.S.) AC system voltages ( Peak ) small Benefit of HVDC system From NTT-Facilities Survey 12

13 400 VDC Components 13

14 400 VDC Components (Testing) Hole burnt through electrical contact point of female contact Damage distributed along wiping surface of male contact Anderson Power Products Hot Mating Test IEC 320 Plug and Receptacle 250 mating/disconnect cycles, VDC with 240 amp peak inrush current 14

15 400 VDC Components (Testing) The Anderson Power Products, Power Pole contact system is designed such that arcing damage is limited to sacrificial leading areas of the contact. The arcing damage does not compromise the integrity of the point of electrical contact once full connector mating is achieved. Damage at leading edge of contact Damage at leading edge of contact No damage at electrical contact point 15

16 400 VDC Components 16

17 400 VDC Components Fujitsu Component/NTT Facilities Rack Power Strip 17

18 Organizations Already Involved International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Electric Power Research Institute Lawrence Berkeley National Lab The Green Grid DC Power Partners Photovoltaic Industry Electric Car Industry NTT/Orange-France Telecomm/Syracuse Univ/UC San Diego/Korea Telecom/--- 18

19 DC Power Partners 19

20 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 20