Concept Paper. against hazards

Transcription

1 World Meteorological Organization Executive Council Working Group on Disaster Risk Reductions Expert Group on WMO Global Multi Hazard Alert System (EG GMAS) First Session October 2017, Geneva, Switzerland EG GMAS/Doc.3(1) Submitted by: the Secretariat 16.X.2017 DRAFT 1 WMO Global Multi Hazard Alert System (GMAS) Concept Paper (Outline for review by Policy and Technical Task Teams) 1. Introduction Key Drivers [Early warnings for weather, water and climate hazards have been demonstrated over the past decade to be very effective in reducing loss of life and property. These warnings, which come from the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of each country, provide the foundation on which early action to take precautions against hazards by the responsible authorities and public can be realized. However, as the impacts related to these hazards affect an increasingly exposed and vulnerable population at the national, regional and global levels there is a need for warning information from all countries to be made more easily available and understandable for decision makers in the humanitariann agencies, economic sectors, the general public and travellers. It is proposed that a WMO Global Multi Hazard Alert System (GMAS) be developedd that would provide target userss with authoritative hydrometeorological hazard warnings and related information.] [ to be completed at EG GMAS ] Rationale [In 2015, governments, agencies, NHMSs representing their countries in WMO, WMO representatives and the wider disaster risk reduction community gathered together in Sendai, an area itself devastated by the Great Japan Earthquake, to discuss and formulate what has now become the ground breaking Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. In Sendai all agreed that we need to do more. We need to enhance our services, strengthen regional and global collaboration and develop science based methodologies to support Multi Hazard Early Warning Systems. Even prior to Sendai the demand for access to multi hazard information was growing as decision makers ncluding the likes of the UN, realized the power of assimilating environmental information into both their short term response and longer term decision making processes. Impacts related to hydrometeorological hazards continue to affect an increasingly exposed and vulnerable population at the national, regional and global levels which necessitates that warning information from all countries should be made more easily available for decision makers. However, into this arena we have seen a growingg number of informationn providers, social media has become the norm and non

2 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p. 2 authoritative and irresponsible sources continue to proliferate which at times causes decision stagnation due to simple information overload. This is an ever changing environment in which the NMHS in partnership with their national civil protection agencies have continued to deliver those vital multi hazard services at times learning vital lessons along the way in respect of communicating to those at risk. We now want to share this knowledge and our learnings with the global DRR community to ensure that we meet the needs of the users in the 21st century. We want to catalyse an energized conversation with all stakeholders across the wide spectrum which is DRR, we want to engage with those already providing multi hazard information to develop services and systems that truly meet their needs. NMHSs are the official authoritative source and in most countries, a single voice, on weather warnings in their respective countries, and, in many, they are also responsible for climate, hydrology, air quality, seismic and tsunami warnings and for space weather forecasts and warnings (Annex to paragraph of the general summary (Cg 17)). We now want to build on this to ensure that the global community receives the multi hazard information which they so desperately need. WMO members are now committed to the delivery of a detailed outreach programme to truly understand those diverse requirements. Under the banner of the WMO GMAS members will work with all users to understand their requirements. We will learn from best practice elsewhere and we will ensure our own best practices (standardization, harmonization, interoperability) are applied to our discussions. We will ensure that national mandated authorities for issuing warnings remain at the heart of our discussions, but we will also ensure that where necessary our own complex hydrometeorological language is translated into information which can be actioned by decision makers.] 1.3. Guidance from the Executive Council, including the Vision [Decision 3 (EC 69) GMAS: The Executive Council: Endorses the GMAS vision in the Annex as an initial draft statement which will be further advanced through the guidance of the Executive Council Working Group on DRR (ECWG/DRR); GMAS Vision: To be recognized globally by decision makers as a resource of authoritative warnings and information related to high impact weather, water, ocean and climate events; Requests the Secretary General to (a) Support the EC WG/DRR to incorporate the work already conducted under the Advisory Group on the WMO GMAS into their own agenda; and (b) Mobilize the resources for the EC WG on DRR; Requests the EC WG/DRR to advance further the GMAS vision concept and the development of a strategy that emphasizes the following components: Focuses on the benefits to and requirements of the users, Emphasizes that NMHSs are the official authoritative source and in most countries, a single voice, on weather warnings in respective cases, Considers the role of RSMCs in providing guidance to Members (e.g. tropical cyclones, and climate products), Considers both the meteorological and hydrological aspects, Accommodates public and private capacities and use cases, Takes into account other service providers such as GDACS,

3 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p. 3 Utilizes the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) or other industry standards to enable a robust mechanism for aggregating warnings from Members; Requests the EC WG/DRR to Develop a project plan that to encompass to key deliverables: A detailed plan aimed at gathering the requirements, Development of a detailedd proposal to be presented to EC 70, which leverages existing working mechanismss (for example, CBS Management Group Task Team on DRR, where available) in consultation with regional associations and technical commissions; ;] [ to be completed at EG GMAS ] 1.4 Objectives [To ensure that WMO Members services for the future provide highh quality information with accountability and traceability to ensure continuation and enhancement their service delivery in line with an ever changingg world. To reach across the traditional Enhance Recover, Prevent, Prepare, Respond Disaster Risk Management spectrum across all timescales through the utilization of authoritative multi hazard information so that GMAS provide a solid foundation for those making critical decisions and thereby ultimately contribute to saving lives To assist Members to be more responsive to changing societal needs to provide Multifulfilling Hazard Impact Based Forecast and Risk Based Warning Services to public to Members role as authoritative voice.] [ to be completed at EG GMAS ] 2. Conceptual Framework overview [Draft Conceptual Framework as presented in Doc.5(1). Individual components will be explained in item 8.2 : System architecture. However, it has to be noted that the GMAS Framework will depend on the deliberations of the Policy and Technical Task Teams. to be completed at EG GMAS ]

4 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p Expected benefits [ Expected benefits in this section should focus on the end users (users beyond NMHSs). to be completed at EG GMAS ] 4. GMAS Users and their Requirements 4.1. General users [All entities that require hydrometeorological warnings and information related to highimpact weather, water, ocean and climate events are regarded as the general users. They include: general public, media, public, private and non profit communities and community based disaster risk management organizations. From GMAS perspective, NMHSs may also be viewed as general users.] 4.2. Major (priority) users [It is expected that GMAS would serve divers array of users. At the beginning of the project it would be practical to focus on the United Nations System. Therefore, for the purpose of this document users form UN Family would be regarded as the major priority users. With this regard, the first focus could be on those United Nations entities that have operational centres, such as: (a) The UN Operations and Crisis Centre (UNOCC); (b) The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA); (c) The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO); (d) The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO); (e) The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); (f) The World Health Organization (WHO); (a) The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); Secondly, the additional major (priority) users from the UN Family, may include: (b) The Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) the cooperation framework between the United Nations, European Commission and disasters managers worldwide; (c) The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR); (d) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); (e) The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (UNESCO IOC); (f) The World Food Programme (WFP); (g) The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), including its Knowledge Portal (UNSPIDER); (h) The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); (i) The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); (j) The International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Thirdly, the additional major (priority) users may come from the International and nongovernmental organizations involved in DRR may include: (a) The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC); (b) The Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS); (c) The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO); (d) The International Maritime Organization (IMO).]

5 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p User Requirements [Some requirements are available from the First Meeting of the Task Team on Meteorological, Hydrological and Climate Services for Improved Humanitarian Planning and Response (Geneva, 31 August 2 September 2010). However, much more needs to be done to understand user requirements vis à vis GMAS. To begin with, requirements of the UN System agencies should be collected and translated into GMAS. to be completed at EG GMAS ] 4.4. Warnings and information related to high impact weather, water, ocean and climate events [A decision is needed to define warnings and information related to high impact weather, water, ocean and climate events for the purpose of GMAS and prioritize them so that GMAS Project can proceed in phases, starting with the major (priority) users. to be completed at EG GMAS ] 5. GMAS Stakeholders 5.1. Potential stakeholders and their engagement in GMAS [(a) Public entities that are involved in the monitoring of the environment and produce hydrometeorological warnings and information related to high impact weather, water, ocean and climate events. (b) Private entities that are involved in the monitoring of the environment and produce hydrometeorological warnings and information related to high impact weather, water, ocean and climate events, such as: (i) Google with its Google Crisis Response, including Google Crisis Map and Google Public Alerts as an online notification service; (ii) The Local Alert Platform developed by The Weather Company (TWC) and IBM and piloted in the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA); (iii) IBM; (iv) Amazon; (v) Samsung; (vi) Cloud services providers; Major stakeholders and their engagement in GMAS [The major stakeholders may be selected from among those listed below (may not be conclusive list): (a) WMO Members, i.e. NMHSs as well as other national official alerting authorities; (b) WMO Global Specialized Centres, such as: The nine Global Prediction Forecast Centres for Long Range Forecasts (GPCLRFs); The Severe Weather Information Centre (SWIC); The World Weather Information Service (WWIS), hosted and operated by the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) on behalf of WMO; (c) WMO Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres (RSMCs), such as: The four Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs) in Wellington/Meteorological Service of New Zealand, New Zealand; Port Moresby/National Weather Service, Papua New Guinea; Brisbane, Darwin, Perth/Bureau of Meteorology, Australia; and Jakarta/BMKG, Indonesia; and the six Tropical Cyclone/ Typhoon/Hurricane Centres in Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre/Fiji Meteorological Service, Fiji; La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre/Meteo France, France; Tropical Cyclones New Delhi/India Meteorological Department, India; Tokyo Typhoon Center/Japan

6 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p. 6 Meteorological Agency, Japan; Miami Hurricane Center; Honolulu Hurricane Center/National Hurricane Center, USA; (d) The Regional Climate Centres (RCCs) and the Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCIFs); (e) Regional, sub regional and national platforms, such as: MeteoAlarm of the European Meteorological Services Network (EUMETNET); MeteoAlert of Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia (Roshydromet); South East Multi Hazard Early Warning System (SEE MHEWS) being developed for SEE Europe; (f) RSMCs for Emergency Response Activities, such as in Beijing (China), Exeter (UK), Melbourne (Australia), Montreal (Canada), Obninsk (Russian Federation), Offenbach (Germany), Tokyo (Japan), Toulouse (France), Vienna (Austria), and Washington (United States); (g) WMO Alert Hub being developed by NOAA; (h) WMO Members, with a special focus on those which conduct operational activities that can be used as pilot or demonstration projects, case studies and as a good practice for GMAS, such as: Filtered Alert Hub, being developed by NOAA under the Bid Data Project; UK Met Office Global Hazard Risk Mapping; Meteo France CAP based WINTDO (What I need to Do) Toolkit; China's National Early Warning Release Center, NEWRC (the Center studies and formulates relevant policies and technical standards) and China's National Early Warning Release System (NEWRS); The German Weather Service, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) implementation of CAP; (i) The relevant WMO Technical Commissions & Programmes, their working mechanisms and including their relevant projects, such as: The WMO Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project (SWFDP); The Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP, DPFS Division); The Flash Flood Guidance System (FFGS, Hydrology Division); The WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS WAS) with two existing nodes are established: The Northern Africa Middle East Europe Node (hosted by Spain) and the Asian Node (hosted by China); The WMO Integrated Flood Management, including Flood forecasting and Flood Management Helpdesk; (j) Tsunami warning centres, such as: The NOAA s National Weather Service Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC); Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Centre (JATWC); Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS); Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (BMKG); (k) ICAO Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACS): Anchorage, AK, United States; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Darwin, Australia;

7 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p. 7 (l) (m) London, United Kingdom; Montreal, Canada; Tokyo, Japan; Toulouse, France; Washington, DC, United States; and Wellington, New Zealand; International/Intergovernmental organizations, such as: ECMWF, including its Extreme Forecasts Index (EFI); EUMETSAT, including its role of CAP in the support of DRR (e.g., volcanic ash and fire detection) as well as its EUMETCast; The German Aerospace Center (DLR) Project on a Multi Hazard Open Platform for Satellite Based Downstream Services (PHAROS), which has a CAP alerting component; Sahana Foundation (open source disaster management software providers) with its Alerting and Messaging Broker (SAMBRO), already operational in Maldives, Myanmar, and the Philippines; UN Family organizations that are involved in the monitoring of the environment and produce hydrometeorological warnings and information related to highimpact weather, water, ocean and climate events, e.g. FAO, IAEA, UNESCO IOC, ICAO, 6. Policy Issues 7. Challenges 8. Key Activities for GMAS Implementation 8.1. Management of GMAS Implementation Project Steering Committee [A Project Steering Committee (PSC) will be established to oversee the Project implementation and to make decisions necessitated by the Project implementation, especially related to the overseeing, monitoring, reviewing, guiding and supporting consideration of the Project Implementation Plan and subsequent changes to it. PSC will establish ad hoc Technical Teams (TT) to address the development and implementation of particular components of GMAS. PSC will be composed of.] Project Office [The Project Office (PO) supports all GMAS implementation activities, including coordination with PSC and contributing stakeholders. PO will be also responsible for the organization of meetings and for advising PSC when the Project implementation requires urgent attention. PO will liaise with relevant WMO and co sponsored Programmes. In its major role Implementation of GMAS, the Project Office will be established under the WMO Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction Services Department (WDS). PO may be established in

8 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p. 8 the WMO Secretariat as an separate entity or one of the existing WDS divisions (e.g. DRR) may resume this responsibility. The Project Team will be formed from among the existing WMO staff supported by experts to be provided by Members.] Contributing Stakeholders [Several stakeholders will contribute to the development of the GMAS Framework and/or to its subsequent operation. They include: Project Monitoring and Reporting [Entity responsible for monitoring and reporting: PSC will monitor, review, guide and support the overall implementation of GMAS; PO, under the institutional guidance of the WMO Secretariat, will be responsible for (a) the implementation of the Project, (b) reporting to the Project Management entities (e.g., PSC and its TTs, the Secretariat internal coordination body for DRR), (c) reporting to contributing stakeholders; (d) reporting to EC WG/DRR. Project office shall document the progress of the GMAS implementation and make sure impediments are timely addressed Project Evaluation [The evaluation methodology will be designed against GMAS Key implementation activities, i.e. with respect to the activities, deliverables, timeline, responsibility and resources available. This will include a schedule of monitoring and evaluation activities and related responsibilities. Mid term evaluation, interim progress reports and post implementation reviews are planned as a means of providing early feedback on progress towards success, and as a means of meeting accountability and transparency requirements for the whole implementation phase System Architecture Common Technical Platform Existing system that can be leveraged Aggregation of warnings Aggregation of information related to high impact weather, water, ocean and climate events Products and product development Information and Communication Technology 8.3. Collaboration with the relevant WMO projects and activities [Collaboration and working arrangements will be established with those GMAS relevant existing systems/projects/activities that can be leveraged for GMAS development or could become important contributing stakeholders. Those include:. To be completed at EG GMAS ]

9 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p Pilot and Demonstration Projects [Pilot and Demonstration Projects will be identified from among the existing systems and/or their components to either develop or demonstrate GMAS functionalities. Those include: (a) UNOCC Pilot project; (b). To be completed at EG GMAS ] [A Table describing the GMAS Implementation Activities will be developed to correspond to the activity areas presented in this Section 8. In this Table, each implementation activity will be presented along with its associated deliverables, timelines, responsibilities, costs and associated risk. This Table will be the core of the Implementation Plan and will be regularly reviewed and updated.] 9. Description of Implementation (Roadmap) 9.1. Development Phase (2017 to 2020) GMAS Concept (mid 2017 mid 2018) [During this phase GMAS Concept will be developed and approved by EC 70.] GMAS Implementation Strategy (mid 2018 mid 2019) [During this phase GMAS Implementation Strategy will be developed and approved by Cg 18.] GMAS Implementation Plan (mid 2019 mid 2020) [During this phase GMAS Implementation Strategy will be developed and approved by Cg 18.] [The Development Phase will include an extensive consultation with users to identify their requirements and contributing stakeholders to identify their roles in GMAS. It will also include interaction with users and contributing stakeholders to the concept of GMAS, functions of the Common Technical Platform and responsibilities of contributing stakeholders.] 9.2. Implementation Phase (mid 2020 mid 2024) Implementation stage 1 (mid 2020 mid 2022) [Stage one will address needs of the major (priority) users, such as UN agencies that have operational activities. Only those warnings and information related to high impact weather, water, ocean and climate events will be collected that will support the major hazards only. At this stage GMAS will rely on products that are currently available at NMHSs, RSMCs, GPCLRFs or other major WMO centres and are readily available.] Implementation stage 2 (mid 2022 mid 2024) [Stage two will address needs of all users. All warnings and information related to high impact weather, water, ocean and climate events will be collected by GMAS in support of users needs. New products will be developed.] 9.3. Testing Phase (mid 2024 end 2024) [During the Testing Phase, the System will run in a pre operational mode to test all components of the System and to identify and fix the problems encountered. A Test Protocol

10 EG GMAS/Doc.3(1), DRAFT 1, p. 10 that shall be prepared beforehand by the Project Office shall describe how the preoperational test will be conducted, including responsibilities of the Project management team during the Test. A Test Protocol shall demonstrate whether all components and the System as a whole respond to the defined technical specifications and whether all defined deliverables were achieved.] 9.4. Operational Phase (2025 onwards) [Once the Testing Phase of the pre operational mode of the System is declared successful, GMAS shall enter into the Operational Phase. Nevertheless, GMAS will continue to evolve to improve its performance in support of the users decision making process, thus responding optimally to the needs of users and evolving technological opportunities.]