Using Java - for PL/SQL and Database Developers Student Guide

Transcription

1 Using Java - for PL/SQL and Database Developers Student Guide D71990GC10 Edition 1.0 June 2011 D73403

2 Authors Priya Shridhar Prathima Trivedi Technical Contributors and Reviewers Andrew Rothstein Ashok Shivarudraiah Claire Bennett Eric Paapanen Perry Tucker Helen Slattery Krishna Itikarlapalli Kuassi Mensah László Czinkóczki Sumit Sahu Tong Zhou Salome Clement Editors Aju Kumar Malavika Jinka Copyright 2011, Oracle and/or it affiliates. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the document, please report them in writing to: Oracle University, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California USA. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Restricted Rights Notice If this documentation is delivered to the United States Government or anyone using the documentation on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS The U.S. Government s rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract. Trademark Notice Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Publishers Veena Narasimhan Revathi Ramamoorthy

3 Contents 1 Introduction Objectives 1-2 Lesson Agenda 1-3 Questions About You 1-4 Course Objectives 1-5 Suggested Course Prerequisites 1-6 Suggested Course Agenda 1-7 Lesson Agenda 1-8 HR Database Schema 1-9 Class Account Information 1-10 Course Environment 1-11 Lesson Agenda 1-12 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Documentation 1-13 Additional Resources: Using the Oracle By Example (OBE) in the Online Learning Library 1-14 Additional Resources: Oracle Online Library (OLL) 1-15 Summary 1-16 Practice 1: Overview Introduction to Java Objectives 2-2 Lesson Agenda 2-3 What Is Java Technology? 2-4 Primary Goals of Java Technology 2-6 Lesson Agenda 2-8 Java Programming Language: Introduction 2-9 Java and Object-Oriented Programming Terminology 2-10 Classes 2-11 Example of a Class 2-12 Objects 2-13 Interfaces 2-14 Encapsulation 2-16 Inheritance 2-18 Inheritance: Example 2-19 Polymorphism 2-21 iii

4 Lesson Agenda 2-23 Java Language: Key Features 2-24 Notes Page 2-25 Features of Java Language: Simplicity 2-26 Features of Java Language: Security 2-27 Feature of Java Language: Portability 2-28 Feature of Java Language: Standards for Connectivity to RDBMS 2-29 Quiz 2-30 Summary 2-34 Practice 2 Overview: Introduction to Java Introduction to JDBC Objectives 3-2 Lesson Agenda 3-3 What Is JDBC? 3-4 Layers in a JDBC Application 3-5 JDBC Two-Tier Architecture for Data Access 3-6 JDBC Three-Tier Architecture for Data Access 3-7 Lesson Agenda 3-8 JDBC Driver Types 3-9 Oracle JDBC Drivers 3-10 Architecture of Oracle JDBC Drivers and Oracle Database 3-11 Common Features of Oracle JDBC Drivers 3-12 Quiz 3-14 Lesson Agenda 3-15 JDBC Specification 3-16 JDBC 1.22 Specification 3-17 JDBC 2.0 Specification: JDBC 2.1 Core API 3-18 JDBC 2.0 Specification: javax.sql JDBC 2.0 Optional Package 3-20 JDBC 3.0 Specification 3-21 JDBC 4.0 Specification 3-23 Relationship Between JDBC, Java SE, and Java EE 3-24 JDBC Standards Support in Oracle JDBC Drivers 3-25 Quiz 3-26 Lesson Agenda 3-27 Essential Steps in JDBC Programming 3-28 Developing a JDBC Program: Importing Packages 3-29 Developing a JDBC Program: Loading and Registering the Driver 3-30 Developing a JDBC Program: Connecting to the Database 3-31 Developing a JDBC Program: Creating a Statement 3-32 Developing a JDBC Program: Executing a SQL Statement 3-33 iv

5 Developing a JDBC Program: Retrieving and Processing ResultSets 3-34 Example of Retrieving and Processing ResultSets 3-35 Developing a JDBC Program: Closing ResultSets, Statements, and Connections 3-36 Quiz 3-37 Introduction to DataSources 3-38 OracleDataSource 3-39 Standard Data Source Properties 3-40 Oracle Extended Data Source Properties 3-41 Creating a Data Source Instance and Connecting It to a Database 3-42 JDBC URL 3-43 Oracle JDBC URL Format 3-44 Database Specifiers: Example 3-45 JDBC Connections and Oracle Extensions 3-46 Quiz 3-47 JDBC Statements 3-48 Statement 3-49 Standard Statement API and Oracle Extensions 3-50 PreparedStatement 3-51 Using the PreparedStatement 3-52 PreparedStatement: Example 3-53 Standard PreparedStatement API and OraclePreparedStatement 3-54 CallableStatement 3-55 Processing a CallableStatement 3-56 Standard API and OracleCallableStatement 3-57 Summary 3-59 Practice 3 Overview: Introduction to JDBC Accessing and Manipulating SQL Data Using JDBC Objectives 4-2 Lesson Agenda 4-3 What Is JDBC Metadata? 4-4 DatabaseMetaData 4-5 ResultSetMetadata 4-6 ParameterMetaData 4-7 StructMetaData 4-8 Quiz 4-9 Lesson Agenda 4-10 Conversion Mechanism in JDBC Driver 4-11 Mapping Between SQL or PL/SQL Types and Standard Java Types or Oracle JDBC Types 4-12 v

6 Return Types of getxxx and getxxx Methods 4-13 Input Types for setxxx and setxxx methods 4-14 Converting SQL NULL Data 4-15 Testing for NULL 4-16 Quiz 4-17 Lesson Agenda 4-18 What Are Large Objects? 4-19 LOB Data Types 4-20 Oracle SecureFiles 4-21 Data Interface for LOBs 4-22 LOB Locator Interface 4-23 LONG Streaming 4-24 Temporary LOBs 4-26 Opening Persistent LOBs with Open and Close Methods 4-27 Working with BFILEs 4-28 Quiz 4-29 Lesson Agenda 4-30 ResultSets 4-31 Fetch Size 4-32 Example of Using ResultSet 4-33 ResultSet Limitations 4-34 RowSet 4-35 JDBC RowSet 4-36 FilteredRowSet 4-37 Steps Involved in Using FilteredRowSet in JDBC Application 4-38 Using FilteredRowSet: Step Using FilteredRowSet: Step Using FilteredRowSet: Step Using FilteredRowSet: Step Using FilteredRowSet: Step Join RowSet 4-44 Steps Involved in Using Join RowSet in JDBC Application 4-45 Using Join RowSet: Step Using Join RowSet: Step Using Join RowSet: Step Using Join RowSet: Step Quiz 4-50 Summary 4-51 Practice 4 Overview: Accessing and Manipulating Data Using JDBC 4-52 vi

7 5 JDBC Quality of Services and Best Practices Objectives 5-2 Lesson Agenda 5-3 What Is a Transaction? 5-4 Types of Transaction Services 5-5 AutoCommit 5-6 Transaction Isolation Levels 5-7 Transaction SavePoint Support 5-8 Distributed Transaction Processing Model 5-9 JDBC Support for Global Transactions 5-10 Native XA Support in Oracle JDBC 5-11 Connection Sharing Between Local and Global Transactions 5-12 Quiz 5-14 Lesson Agenda 5-15 Oracle JDBC Support for Advanced Security 5-16 Oracle JDBC Support for SSL 5-17 Java Support for SSL 5-19 Implementing SSL with Oracle JDBC and Oracle Database 5-21 Quiz 5-22 Lesson Agenda 5-23 End-to-End Tracing 5-24 JDBC Support for Metrics 5-25 Optimizing Result Set Retrieval 5-26 Logging Service and Levels 5-27 Quiz 5-28 Summary 5-29 Practice 5 Overview: JDBC Quality of Services and Best Practices Introduction to SQLJ Technology Objectives 6-2 Lesson Agenda 6-3 What Is SQLJ Technology? 6-4 SQLJ Environment 6-5 SQLJ Versus JDBC 6-6 JDBC Code and SQLJ Code 6-7 Need for SQLJ 6-8 Lesson Agenda 6-9 Oracle Extensions for SQLJ Standard 6-10 SQLJ Type Extensions 6-11 SQLJ Functionality Extensions 6-13 Quiz 6-15 vii

8 Lesson Agenda 6-17 Oracle SQLJ Architecture 6-18 Oracle SQLJ Translator 6-19 SQLJ Runtime 6-21 Lesson Agenda 6-22 Overview of SQLJ Declarations 6-23 Declaration of Clauses 6-25 SQLJ Executable Statements 6-27 SQLJ Clauses 6-28 Statement Clauses 6-29 Assignment Clauses 6-30 Quiz 6-31 Lesson Agenda 6-32 Expressions in SQLJ 6-33 Expressions in SQLJ: Host Expressions 6-34 Expressions in SQLJ: Context Expressions 6-36 Expressions in SQLJ: Result Expressions 6-37 Manipulating Oracle SQL and PL/SQL Types with SQLJ 6-38 Single-Row Query Results: SELECT INTO Statements 6-39 Multirow Query Results: SQLJ Iterators 6-40 Iterator Concepts 6-41 Assignment Statements (SET) 6-43 Lesson Agenda 6-44 Calling Stored Procedures 6-45 Calling Stored Functions 6-46 Quiz 6-47 Summary 6-50 Practice 6 Overview: Introduction to SQLJ Technology Universal Connection Pool Objectives 7-2 Lesson Agenda 7-3 Connection Pool 7-4 Benefits of Using Connection Pool 7-6 Universal Connection Pool for JDBC: Overview 7-7 Lesson Agenda 7-8 Conceptual Architecture 7-9 Quiz 7-10 Lesson Agenda 7-11 Connection Pool Properties 7-12 Setting Connection Pool Properties 7-13 viii

9 Setting Connection Pool Properties: Example 7-14 Controlling the Pool Size 7-15 Setting the Initial Pool Size 7-16 Setting the Minimum Pool Size 7-17 Setting the Maximum Pool Size 7-18 Controlling Stale Connections 7-19 Harvesting Connections 7-21 Basic Connection Steps 7-23 Lesson Agenda 7-24 Connection Pool Manager 7-25 Creating a Connection Pool Manager 7-26 Implementing the Life Cycle to Create a Connection Pool 7-27 Performing Maintenance on a Connection Pool 7-29 High Availability and Performance Scenarios 7-31 Fast Connection Failover 7-32 Runtime Connection Load-Balancing 7-34 Using Connection Affinity 7-35 Web Session Affinity 7-36 Transaction-Based Affinity 7-38 Requirements for UCP for JDBC 7-40 Packages of UCP for JDBC API 7-41 Lesson Agenda 7-42 Database Connections 7-43 Using the Pool-Enabled Data Source 7-44 getconnection Methods 7-45 Using the Pool-Enabled XA Data Source 7-46 Validating Connections 7-47 Returning Borrowed Connections 7-48 Removing Connections from the Pool 7-49 Quiz 7-50 Summary 7-52 Practice 7 Overview: Universal Connection Pool Stored Procedure as Database Programming Model Objectives 8-2 Lesson Agenda 8-3 What Is a Stored Procedure? 8-4 Rationale for Stored Procedures 8-5 Stored Procedure: Simplify Database Programming 8-6 Stored Procedure: Centrally Manage Data Logic 8-7 Stored Procedure: Performance 8-8 ix

10 Performance of Stand-Alone JDBC Versus Java Stored Procedures 8-9 Stored Procedure: Encapsulation 8-10 Stored Procedure: Security 8-11 Stored procedure: Resource Optimization 8-12 Low-Cost Deployment 8-13 Obstacles to the Adoption of Stored Procedures 8-14 Quiz 8-16 Languages for Stored Procedures 8-17 Lesson Agenda 8-18 Java Stored procedure 8-19 Advantages of Java Stored Procedures 8-20 Lesson Agenda 8-22 Java Stored Procedure Versus PL/SQL Stored Procedure 8-23 Using PL/SQL Stored Procedures 8-24 Using Java Stored Procedure 8-25 Using Java SE in the Middle Tier 8-26 Quiz 8-27 Summary 8-28 Practice 8 Overview: Stored Procedure as Database Programming Model Oracle JVM Objectives 9-2 Lesson Agenda 9-3 Introduction to Oracle JVM 9-4 Components of Oracle JVM 9-5 Oracle JVM: Design Goals and Architecture 9-7 Oracle JVM and JDK VM 9-9 Oracle JVM Memory Allocation Techniques 9-10 Oracle JVM Garbage Collection Techniques 9-11 Oracle JVM Memory Structure 9-13 Lesson Agenda 9-15 Oracle JVM Security 9-16 Java2 Security in Oracle JVM 9-17 Setting Permission in Oracle JVM 9-18 Lesson Agenda 9-20 Java Execution in Oracle Database 9-21 Oracle JVM Just-In-Time (JIT) Compiler 9-23 Quiz 9-24 Java and RDBMS 9-25 Multithreading 9-26 Differences Between JDK VM and Oracle JVM Model 9-27 x

11 Automated Storage Management with Garbage Collection 9-28 Dynamic Class Loading 9-30 Performance of Oracle JVM 9-31 Quiz 9-32 Summary 9-33 Practice 9 Overview: Oracle JVM Developing and Running Java in the Database Objectives 10-2 Lesson Agenda 10-3 Create or Load Java in the Database 10-4 Step 1: Create or Reuse the Java Class 10-5 Step 2: Load and Resolve the Java Class 10-7 Step 3: Publish the Java Class 10-8 Step 4: Grant Access Privilege Step 5: Call the Stored Procedure Step 6: Debug the Stored Procedure Quiz Remove Java Sources, Classes, and Resources from the Database Set the Java Compiler Options in the Database JAVA$OPTIONS Table Invoke the OracleJVM Compiler Quiz Lesson Agenda Call Specifications Define Call Specifications Top-Level Call Specifications Packaged Call Specifications Object Type Specifications Lesson Agenda ojvmjava Tool Invoke Java in the Database Using PL/SQL Wrapper Lesson Agenda Exception Handling Java Audit Summary Practice 10 Overview: Developing and Running Java in the Database Appendix A: DBMS_JAVA Package Objectives A-2 get_complier_option A-3 xi

12 set_compiler_option A-4 compile_class A-5 resolver A-6 set_output A-7 loadjava A-8 Granting, Restricting, and Revoking Permissions Using the DBMS_JAVA Package A-9 Summary A-10 Appendix B: Optimizing JDBC Application Objectives B-2 JDBC and Multithreading B-3 Performance Optimization of JDBC Applications B-4 Disable Auto-Commit Mode B-5 Standard Fetch Size and Oracle Row Prefetching B-6 Standard and Oracle Update Batching B-7 Statement Caching B-8 Mapping Between Built-in SQL and Java Types B-9 Transaction Isolation Levels and Access Modes B-10 Summary B-11 xii