DB2 SQL Tuning Tips for z/os Developers

Transcription

1 DB2 SQL Tuning Tips for z/os Developers Tony Andrews IBM Press, Pearson pic Upper Saddle River, NJ Boston Indianapolis San Francisco New York Toronto Montreal London Munich Paris Madrid Cape Town Sydney Tokyo Singapore Mexico City ibmpressbooks.com

2 Contents CHAPTER 1 SQL Optimization Top Take Out Any/All Scalar Functions Coded on Columns in Predicates 2 2. Take Out Any/All Mathematics Coded on Columns in Predicates 3 3. Code Only the Columns Needed in the Select Portion of the SQL Statement 4 4. Stay Away from Distinct if Possible 4 5. Try Rewriting an In Subquery as an Exists Subquery 5 6. Always Make Sure Host Variables Are Defined to Match the Columns Datatype 6 7. Because Or Logic Can Be Problematic to the Optimizer, Try a Different Rewrite 6 8. Make Sure the Data Distribution and Other Statistics Are Good and Current in the Tables Being Processed 8 9. Use UNION ALL in Place of UNION Where Possible Consider Hardcoding Versus Using a Host Variable Minimize DB2's SQL Requests Try Rewriting Range Predicates as Between Predicates Consider Using Global Temporary Tables Give Prominence to Stage 1 over Stage 2 Predicates Remember That the Order of (Some) Predicates Does Matter Streamline Multiple Subqueries Index Correlated Subqueries Get to Know the DB2 Explain Tool Use Tools for Monitoring Employ Commit and Restart Strategies Implement Good Index Design Avoid Discrepancies with Non-Column Expressions Begin with All Filtering Logic Outside Application Code Ensure That Subquery Predicates Involving Min and Max Have the Possibility of Nulls Being Returned Handled Always Code For Fetch Only or For Read Only with Cursor Processing When a Query Is Only Selecting Data 22

3 xii DB2 SQL Tuning Tips for z/os Developers 26. Avoid Selecting a Row from a Table to Help Decide Whether the Logic in the Code Should Execute an Update or an Insert Avoid Selecting a Row from a Table in Order to Get Values for an Update Make Use of Dynamic SQL Statement Caching Avoid Using Select * Watch Out for Nullable Columns or Times When SQL Statements Could Have Nulls Returned from the Database Manager Minimize the Number of Times Open and Close Cursors Are Executed Avoid Not Logic in SQL Use Correlation IDs for Better Readability Keep Table and Index Files Healthy and Organized Take Advantage of Update Where Current of Cursor and Delete Where Current of Cursor When Using Cursors, Use ROWSET Positioning and Fetching Using Multiple-Row Fetch, Multiple-Row Update, and Multiple-Row Insert Know the Locking Isolation Levels Know Null Processing Always Program with Performance in Mind Let SQL Do the Work Code with Lock Table Consider OLTP Front-End Processing Consider Using Dynamic Scrollable Cursors Take Advantage of Materialized Query Tables to Improve Response Time (Dynamic SQL Only) Insert with Select Take Advantage of Multiple-Row Fetch Take Advantage of Multiple-Row Insert Take Advantage of Multiple-Row Update Take Advantage of Multiple-Row Delete Try Scalar Fullselects Within the Select Clause Take Advantage of REOPT ONCE and REOPT AUTO in Dynamic SQL and REOPT VARS and REOPT ALWAYS in Static SQL Identify Times for Volatile Tables Use the ON COMMIT DROP Enhancement Use Multiple Distincts Take Advantage of Backward Index Scanning 46

4 Contents xiii 56. Watch Out for the Like Statement Set Your Clustering Index Correctly Use Group By Expressions if Needed Watch Out for Tablespace Scans Do Not Ask for What You Already Know Watch the Order of Tables in a Query Use Left Outer Joins Over Right Outer Joins Check for Non-Existence Use Stored Procedures Do Not Select a Column in Order to Sort on It Always Limit the Result Set if Possible Take Advantage of DB2 V8 Enhanced DISCARD Capabilities When It Comes to Mass Deletes Take Advantage of the DB2 LOAD Utility for Mass Inserts Watch Out for Materialization of Views, Nested Table Expressions, and Common Table Expressions Consider Compressing Data Consider Parallelism Keep the STDDEV, STDDEV_SAMP, VAR, and VAR_SAMP Functions Apart from Other Functions Consider Direct Row Access Using ROWID Datatype (V8) or RID Function (V9) Test Your Queries with Realistic Statistics and a Level of Data to Reflect Performance Issues Specify the Leading Index Columns in WHERE Clauses Use WHERE Instead of HAVING for Filtering Whenever Possible Keep in Mind Index Only Processing Whenever Possible Index on Expression in DB2 V Consider the DB2 V9 Truncate Statement Use DB2 V9 Fetch First and Order by Within Subqueries Take Advantage of DB2 V9 Optimistic Locking Use the DB2 V9 MERGE Statement Understand the DB2 NOFOR Precompile Option Consider Select Into Using Order By Code Boolean Term Predicates Whenever Possible Try Transitive Closure Coding Avoid Sorts with Order By Use Joins Instead of Subqueries Whenever Possible 71

5 xiv DB2 SQL Tuning Tips for z/os Developers 89. Watch Out for Case Logic Take Advantage of Functions in the Order By Clause Know Your Version of DB Understand Date Arithmetic Know Your High-Volume Insert Choices Know About Skip Locked Data (V9) for Lock Avoidance Sort Your Input Streams If You Need True Uniqueness, Try the V8 Generate_Unique Function Know the New Options for Declared Temporary Tables Watch Out When Executing Get Diagnostics Order Your In List Appropriately Update and Delete with Select (V9) Execute SQL Statements Only if Necessary Take Advantage of In-Memory Tables Stay Away from Catchall SQL Statements Avoid Unnecessary Sorting Understand Expressions and Column Functions Watch Out When Combining Predicates Add Redundant Predicates to Search Queries Take Advantage of Improved Dynamic Caching (VI0) Try Currently Committed for Lock Avoidance (V10) Try System Temporal Tables for Historical Data (V10) Try Business Temporal Tables for Historical Data (V10) Know Your Ranking Functions (V10) Take Advantage of Extended Indicators (V10) Get Greater Timestamp Precision (V10) Try Index Includes (V10) Use With Return to Client (V10) 89 CHAPTER 2 DB2 SQL Hints Try the Optimize for 1 Row Statement at the End of the SQL Statement Add the A.PKEY = A.PKEY Predicate to the SQL Query, Where PKEY Equals the Primary Key Column of the Table Disqualify an Index Choice Change the Order of Table Processing Use Distributed Dynamic SQL 96

6 Contents xv CHAPTER 3 SQL Standards and Guidelines 99 For COBOL Developers 99 For All SQL Developers 102 CHAPTER 4 SQL Program Walkthroughs 107 CHAPTER 5 Existence Checking 111 Example 1 Ill Example CHAPTER 6 Runstats 115 CHAPTER 7 Initial Steps in Tuning a Query 117 APPENDIX A Predicate Rewrite Examples 121 Predicate Rewrites: Transitive Closure 122 APPENDIX B DB2 SQL Terminology 125 Index 131