Aalborg October 2014

Transcription

1 Aalborg October 2014

2 Presentation Background for the course Why I am qualified 2 parts Format Slides pay attention Demonstration Exercises Questions Homepage and installation Page 2 of 69

3 Content part 1 for using Latex Text formatting and tables Exercises Page 3 of 69

4 So what is Latex? Based on the 35 year old TeX. Text processing application and just that! No spell-checker, user interface, print etc. But is this enough?! Philosophy Pronounced lah tek or lay tech, not lateks! Page 4 of 69

5 Advantages Professional looking documents Content and layout separated Working in small, pure text files Cross references and citations is easy Automatic table of contents Constant development Has very helpful users The text syntax is ideal for version control with SVN/Dropbox Page 5 of 69

6 WYSIWYG vs Latex What You See Is What You Get Fine for smaller documents, letters etc. Difficult to handle larger group reports Pictures dancing around Automatic numbering? Increasing file sizes Problems with 50+ pages Page 6 of 69

7 WYSIWYG vs Latex Focus 100 % on your content and let Latex format the document! Essential for large group reports Never loss of data Never crashes Combination of files Dynamical pictures ematics References Citations Page 7 of 69

8 WYSIWYG vs Latex Word Latex Layout Writing Output Document class Packages Margins Formatting. 1 2 Body text and code 3 Includes: - Preamble - Doc. 1 - Doc. 2 - Doc Preamble Dokuments Master Page 8 of 69

9 Presentation of output Page 9 of 69

10 Layout and body text Page 10 of 69

11 Mathematics Page 11 of 69

12 Tables Page 12 of 69

13 Figures Page 13 of 69

14 Latex syntax 2 basic characters: \ { } (backslash) (curly brackets) \ begins all commands/macros { } states what you give the macro and Latex has to treat General syntax: \macroname[option]{argument} Page 14 of 69

15 Latex syntax Different constellations: Command alone \newpage With argument \chapter{introduction and method} With option \includegraphics[width=9cm]{car.jpg} Environment \begin{itemize} \end{itemize} Page 15 of 69

16 My first document Example of a Latex document: \documentclass{article} \begin{document} Hello World! \end{document} Only text and page number on white paper Page 16 of 69

17 My first document Extensions are necessary \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{memoir} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{mathtools} \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{document} Hello World! \end{document} Preamble More on preamble in part 2! Page 17 of 69

18 Software demands for using Latex Shopping list Editor Latex (distribution) PDF viewer TeXMaker MikTeX/MacTeX (TeXMaker) Software and guides on homepage integrated in exercise and project templates steal all you can Page 18 of 69

19 Distribution Implementation of the TeX language Contains programmes and packages Interprets the macros in the code and returns an output (PDF typically) Distributions: MiKTeX 2.9 (Windows) MacTeX (Mac) TeTeX (Linux) Page 19 of 69

20 The big picture nerdy Converting code to output: To compile Page 20 of 69

21 The big picture easy Dist.: Magic box your code in, PDF out Editor: Makes it easy to use the box Page 21 of 69

22 Summing up Don t panic if it was nerdy! Meant as a large overview Just install TeXMaker and MikTeX/MacTex When the magic box is installed, it runs automatically don t worry about it The daily routine: 1. Write in editor 2. Compile the code (more later) 3. See PDF output Page 22 of 69

23 The document content Page 23 of 69

24 Text formatting Font style \textit{italic text} \textbf{bold text} Font sizes {\tiny Smallest possible} {\footnotesize Pretty intuitive } {\large Large text} {\Huge Very large text} Page 24 of 69

25 Headings \part{heading name} \chapter{heading name} \section{heading name} \subsection{heading name} Insert a * if you do not want the chapter to be numbered and appear in the table of contents E.g. \chapter*{preface} Page 25 of 69

26 Insertion of figures The environment figure is used: \begin{figure}[htbp] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.80\textwidth]{pics/picture1.jpg} \caption{picture from Unifitness.} \label{fig:unifitness} \end{figure} Floating objects [H] instead of [htbp] locks position Page 26 of 69

27 Insertion of figures Page 27 of 69

28 Insertion of figures Able to include JPG, PNG og PDF Bye bye Paint? Vector graphics with PDF Adobe Illustrator Microsoft Visio Omnigraffle (Visio for Mac) Adobe Fireworks Corel DRAW Matlab Excel Page 28 of 69

29 Insertion of tables The environment table is used Table content in the environment tabular Shift cell with & Line break with \\ Horisontal line with \hline Setup in table preamble Page 29 of 69

30 Insertion of tables \begin{table}[htbp] \centering \begin{tabular}{ l c c } \hline & Persons & Price \\\hline Lasagne & 4 & 160 \\\hline Potatoes & 6 & 210 \\\hline \end{tabular} \caption{food options.} \label{tab:yummi} \end{table} Page 30 of 69

31 Insertion of tables Advanced tables also possible Merge rows or columns Coloring, rotation.. Page 31 of 69

32 Including files Split the content in several files Easy to organize and move sections Write undisturbed in different files Use \include{file} in the master document E.g. \include{formal/preface} The master document interprets the files Use \includeonly to include only specific files Result finished project Page 32 of 69

33 Including files Page 33 of 69

34 Other useful things \footnote{ } - Footnote \newpage - Page break \cleardoublepage - Blank page (if nec.) \begin{itemize} - Bullet list \begin{enumerate} - Numbered list \item - List item (without { }) \begin{flushcenter} - Text allignment \phantom{mmm} - Invisible space Page 34 of 69

35 Special characters \ starts all commands (\textbackslash) { } encircles arguments for commands (\{ \}) % comment (\%) $ encircles math in body text (\$) _ subscript in math, e.g. x i (\_) * ^ superscript in math, e.g. x 2 (\^) * & cell shift and allignment (\&) # states arguments in own macros (\#) * lower/raise multiple characters with _{ } Page 35 of 69

36 Writing in TeXMaker Structure window Toolbars Compile/build Navigation Writing window Statusbar Page 36 of 69

37 Output 3 mm 3 mm Page 37 of 69

38 Compile/build the document Carry out command (the one right of the arrow) Available commands Build the document 1. PDFLaTeX (Press ) 2. View PDF (Press ) Page 38 of 69

39 Compile/build the document Settings in TeXMaker Quickbuild (Press ) Several possibilities Manual macro PDF Viewer (output) 3 options Page 39 of 69

40 Errors and warnings The editor validates the code for: Errors (serious!) Warnings Hierarchy issues, empty references and citations, multiple use of labels Bad boxes (layout) Stretch of text, text exceeding margin Look in the statusbar and navigate Examples: Page 40 of 69

41 Errors and warnings Page 41 of 69

42 Help Google The Not So Short Introduction To Latex Forums Manuals for packages: Page 42 of 69

43 Exercises 6 exercises on the homepage Chapters, sections and subsections Text formatting ers will be walking around Short demonstration of TeXMaker Page 43 of 69

44 Pause and exercises - Have fun! Page 44 of 69

45 Content part 2 Extended introduction to the preamble ematics References Citations Useful tools for group work Version control with SVN Exercises to start your project Page 45 of 69

46 Preamble Configuration and layout What can be changed? Margins Header and footer Chapterstyle Caption Superuser Page 46 of 69

47 The Preamble Page 47 of 69

48 Insertion of math The environment align is used: \begin{align} x^2 + 4x - 8 = 0 \label{eq:favorite} \end{align} \begin{align} P(x) = \frac{x - a}{b \cdot a} \nonumber \end{align} Page 48 of 69

49 Insertion of math in body text, tables and so on $$-construction the obvious choice $CO_2$ must be reduced by $7.5 m^3$! Not pretty and typographically wrong!! Possible solution: $7.5\ \text{m}^3$ Page 49 of 69

50 Insertion of math Let Latex handle the layout instead The Siunitx package always use: \SI{number}{unit} \SI{7.5}{m^3} Use in both equations (aligns) and in body text for nice and consistent presentation Page 50 of 69

51 Insertion of math Only unit use \si{m^3} The $$-construction is used in body text at: Special characters, e.g. $\leftarrow$ Greek letters, e.g. $\alpha$ Raised/lowered text, e.g. $x_i$ Page 51 of 69

52 Insertion of chemistry Nice chemical formula with \ce{formula} \ce{fe2o3} Easy to make RS-sentences R1: \rsphrase{r1} Further information: Page 52 of 69

53 Insertion of source code Package listings and macro lstlisting. Language, configuration, colors in preamble Page 53 of 69

54 References Dynamic cross references, tables, headings and equations Labels and ref \label{labelname} - Is placed at object \ref{labelname} - Inserts number \vref{labelname} - Inserts 3.1 on page 21 \eqref{labelname} - Inserts (4.3) E.g.: Equation \eqref{eq:favorite} is my favorite! Page 54 of 69

55 Sources and citations External module for Latex BibTex Concept: Sources are stored one place ( database ) Easy to refer from the document Citations are inserted with: \citep[ e.g. page]{label} - passive citation \citet{label} - aktive citation Page 55 of 69

56 Sources and citations A BibTex file named literature.bib is the database with all sources. } title = {The latex companion}, author = {Frank Mittelbach and Michel Gossens}, year = {2004}, number = {ISBN: }, publisher = {Addision-Wesley}, series = {Handbook} Page 56 of 69

57 Sources and citations Citation is then easy: By using \citet{latex} you can be skilled at Latex. The citation can also be passive \citep{latex}. NB! Dynamical elements must have 3x compile/ build to work properly (+ BibTex after the first one, if it is ciatations). Page 57 of 69

58 Sources and citations BibTex categories Article, Book, Manual, Techreport, Misc, Guide and examples in the given literature.bib The preamble holds: \bibliographystyle{bibtex/harvarduk} The master document holds: \bibliography{bibtex/literature.bib} Page 58 of 69

59 Corrections Add corrections/comments with the FiXme package and \fxnote command E.g. \fxnote{we need a better look at this!} With \listoffixmes a complete list is built Draft and final Page 59 of 69

60 Folder structure Page 60 of 69

61 Project template Page 61 of 69

62 SVN version control Share the files of the group with SVN Hosted on your group drive/server Never loss of data Restore previous versions Takes some discipline!! Page 62 of 69

63 SVN version control Not a substitue for group drive! Should be version controlled Work sheets Documents (Latex, Word, Excel, MS Project, ) Drawings, calculations, code Should not be version controlled Software Larger PDF-files (books, reports) Digital pictures Page 63 of 69

64 SVN version control Checkout Gets the file structure from the server (only used the first time) Commit Upload changes and new files Update Gets changes and new files on the server Page 64 of 69

65 SVN version control Other functions: Delete Rename Merge Lock SVN can cause trouble and conflicts if you are not disciplined! Close files in TeXMaker before update!! Always update before writing to a file Page 65 of 69

66 Configuration of SVN Most likely already prepared by IST Checkout Get help from Danish students Project template on the homepage Page 66 of 69

67 Checkout Page 67 of 69

68 Exercises 4 exercises on the homepage ematics References Sources/citations Configuration of your project ers will be walking around Page 68 of 69

69 Pause and exercises - Have fun! Page 69 of 69