Circumvention technology and its applications

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Scot Warren Daniels
5 years ago
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1 CyberLab: Tools for user protection Circumvention technology and its applications 1

in 2004 Current development funded by EFF Source: https://www.

2 network Initial development by U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Further developed by DARPA Open source in 2004 Current development funded by EFF Source: the King of high secure, low latency Internet anonymity NSA internal communication

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4 Tails OS Tails is a live operating system, that you can start on almost any computer from a DVD, USB stick, or SD card. It aims at preserving your privacy and anonymity, and helps you to: use the Internet anonymously and circumvent censorship; all connections to the Internet are forced to go through the Tor network; leave no trace on the computer you are using unless you ask it explicitly; use state-of-the-art cryptographic tools to encrypt your files, s and instant messaging. 4

Crucial role in organising uprisings (recently Iran and

Snowden) Enables journalists and diplomats The Bad Provides

counterfit money and passports, stolen identities and

) Financial crime (money laundering, payments) enabled

Conventional weapons Chemical weapons Not indexed,

5 What is the Darknet? Tor hidden web services are part of the deep web The Good Crucial role in organising uprisings (recently Iran and Egypt) Security for whistle-blowers (used by Edward Snowden) Enables journalists and diplomats The Bad Provides digital space for various conventional crimes (drugs, counterfit money and passports, stolen identities and credit cards etc.) Financial crime (money laundering, payments) enabled through bitcoin The Ugly Pedophilia content Hitman services Conventional weapons Chemical weapons Not indexed, decentral structure Partially not accessible with normal browser (onion links) Location of servers and visitors very hard to determine Very volatile and quick developments 5

6 Timeline of main marketplaces in the Darknet Dark markets developed in phases First markets emerge Professionalisation and mass adoption Diverse and wellaccepted ecosystem 22,000 (Nov 2014) 16,000 listings 18,250 Sales per month: $52 million Total sales: $200 million Various small vendors Feb 2011 Silk Road 1 (take-down) Silk Road 2 (take-down) Sheep Marketplace Oct Nov (take-down) Black Market Reloaded (suspended) Sources: Digital Citizens Alliance Report Nov 2014 Evolution (scam) Operation Onymous 414 services taken down Mar 2015 Agora Aug 2015 Abraxas BlackBank may other services 6

7 Effect of market take-downs Takedowns are frequent, but the ecosystem is very flexible 7

Central issues and solutions Each aspect of

8 Central issues and solutions Each aspect of a regular market is replaced with anonymity The reasons why Darknet markets are so resilient Seller Problem Transaction & Communication Trust Payment Logistics Solution Marketplace infrastructure TOR anonymisation, PGP encryption Social organisation Rating for quality, Escrow for delivery Bitcoin LocalBitcoin, Tumblers Postal Delivery plausible deniability, dead mailboxes, Packstation etc. Buyer 8

9 Practical examples: Screenshots of Tor and various darknet websites 9

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A to Z of the Darknet

A to Z of the Darknet Professional acknowledgements The Investigator conferences Thomas Olofson Intelliagg author of Shining a Light on the Dark Web Colin Tansley Intelect Solutions Limited A is for Anonymity