IBM System i5 continues its integrated heritage with updated licensed programs

Transcription

1 Software Announcement January 31, 2006 IBM System i5 continues its integrated heritage with updated licensed programs Overview IBM System i5 models include an integrated design, broad application choice and server consolidation capabilities. These capabilities help improve systems management, enhance security and reliability and reduce total cost of ownership when compared to a typical server farm. In addition to the i5/os enhancements, the following licensed program enhancements are included in V5R4: iseries Access Family (5722-XW1) iseries Access for Windows V5R4 includes an updated version of the PC5250 emulator, several enhancements to the Data Transfer function including support for the Microsoft Excel XML Spreadsheet format and many additional capabilities for the database providers (ODBC, OLE DB and.net). A Technology Preview version that enables you to use the Microsoft Windows Installer technology to install iseries Access for Windows functions is available as a Web download at eserver/iseries/access/ windows iseries Access for Web V5R4 now provides: Several options for Single Sign-on (SSO) New import wizards so you can convert SQL statements from DB2 Query Manager (5722-ST1) and IBM Query for iseries (5722-QU1) products into iseries Access for Web Database queries Support for OpenOffice spreadsheet format (.ods) Simplified policy administration by providing more ability to transfer settings to other users An updated Web look to all of its screens iseries Access for Linux now contains a 64-bit ODBC driver that is functionally equivalent to the iseries Access for Windows 64-bit ODBC driver. Backup Recovery and Media Services for i5/os (BRMS) (5722-BR1) Enhancements include: Duplication of history items Improved duplication media and device error recovery Virtual tape devices and virtual media Support for IBM Data Retention (DR) 450 and DR 550 servers Native save/restore of spooled files New system spooled file management using expiration Parallel save/restore of Integrated File System (IFS) New backup options and improved system recovery Electronic messaging using More BRMS iseries Navigator client functions BRMS integration with SAN for FlashCopy solution XML Toolkit for iseries (5733-XT1) New additions to the XML Toolkit include XML Scripting for System i5, which provides an XML-based build tool and Web Services Client for C++ functions, which are used for building Web Services client applications requiring SOAP/HTTP messaging in C++ environments. At a glance V5R4 of the IBM System i5 licensed programs includes enhancements to: iseries Access Family iseries Access for Windows iseries Access for Web iseries Access for Linux 64-bit Backup Recovery and Media Services for iseries Write Once Read Many (WORM) device support Virtual TCP/IP Interface (VIPA) support for restricted state backup XML Toolkit for iseries Key prerequisites IBM iseries models 270, 800, 810, 820, 825, 830, 840, 870, 890, SB2 and SB i5 models 520, 550, 570 and System i5 models 520, 550, 570 and 595. IBM p5 model or servers configured with 1.65 GHz POWER5 processor or the IBM p5 model server configured with 1.65 GHz or 1.9 GHz POWER5 processors. Planned availability date February 14, 2006 This announcement is provided for your information only. For additional information, contact your IBM representative. IBM Canada Ltd. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. A

2 Description iseries Access Family (5722-XW1) The following describes the new or enhanced iseries Access functions available in its V5R4 deliverables. iseries Access for Windows V5R4 The 5250 emulator (PC5250), integrated with iseries Access for Windows, is the Version 5.8 of IBM Personal Communications. Key enhancements include: Support to associate printer sessions with display sessions A new configurable printer session window that provides host, printer and page setup support New programming interfaces (APIs) to retrieve and modify Page Setup and Printer Setup information Additional bidirectional enablement New automation objects support for the.net environment Data Transfer now includes: Support for Microsoft Excel XML Spreadsheet format Support added to the GUI to allow selection of an independent auxiliary storage pool (IASP) The ability to create and overwrite empty query result sets The.NET data provider (named IBM.Data.DB2.iSeries), which allows Windows applications to use the Microsoft.NET framework to access DB2 UDB for System i5 databases, has added the following capabilities: System naming and library list. Support for LOB data types. Support for multiple active result sets per connection. Customizable String processing for Char for Bit Data, Date, Time, Timestamp, Decimal and Numeric data types. A Microsoft Visual Studio.NET IntelliSense feature to show programmers the available classes and methods and properties on each class. The iseries.net data provider has added documentation to IntelliSense about its.net classes. The Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver for System i5 has enhanced its distributed transaction support by providing lock sharing for loosely coupled transactions. Object Linking and Embedding (OLE DB) has added system naming and library list support to its IBMDA400 and IBMDASQL data providers. The following enhancements were added to all the database access functions (Data Transfer,.NET, ODBC, OLE DB): Improved support for delimited names (that is, a library, table, or column name that is surrounded by double quotes) (requires V5R4 SP1). 128-byte column names (requires i5/os V5R4). Maximum SQL statement lengths of 2,097,152 bytes or 1,048,576 characters (requires i5/os V5R4). Support for IBM Enterprise Workload Manager (ewlm) correlator (requires i5/os V5R4). Changes to the conversion method for Unicode to mixed-edbdic conversions to allow more characters to be successfully converted. For example, previously when converting UCS-2 (13488) to IBM939 (5035), the backslash was converted to a yen now it will be converted to a backslash. The Remote Program Call command (RMTCMD.EXE) enables PC commands to be sent from the System i5 to the PC and then run. The remote program interfaces (CWBRC.H) that run on the PC have been changed to allow a more complete list of job messages to be returned. Secure Socket Level (SSL) enhancements have been added: SSL is available for 64-bit applications on personal computers powered by the Intel Itanium (Intel 64-bit) Processor Family. (Note: SSL is not available for 64-bit applications run on Advanced Micro Devices 64-bit (AMD64) processors or on Intel processors with EM64T. SSL can be used with 32-bit applications that run on either platform.) You can configure your PC to be Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) compliant and optionally switch in and out of FIPS-compliant mode for most functions of iseries Access for Windows where SSL is used. (Note: FIPS compliancy applies to the client side only.) The 128-bit SSL Client Encryption product (5722-CE3) is no longer installed as a separate product on the PC. It is now packaged with iseries Access for Windows and is an installable component of your usual new, upgrade, selective or tailored install options. A 64-bit Advanced Function Printer (AFP ) printer driver is now provided for use on 64-bit Intel Itanium processors. The AFP Viewer has been Unicode enabled so that users will be able to view documents created in a language that is different from the default language installed on their PC. A version of iseries Access for Windows is being provided for customers who prefer to use the Microsoft Windows Installer technology. This version is considered a Technology Preview, is available in English National Language Version 2924 only and can be used on Microsoft Windows XP, Windows 2000 and 32-bit version of Windows Server It is available only as a download from windows Detailed information is provided on this iseries Access Web site as to the features included in this Technology Preview. Supported operating systems: You can install iseries Access for Windows on PCs that are running: 32-bit versions of Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Tablet PCs. (Note: iseries Access for Windows V5R3 is the last release to support the Windows NT operating system.) A

3 64-bit versions of Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003 x64. Some functions of iseries Access for Windows can be used on AMD64 processors or on Intel processors with EM64T. For detailed information on what is supported, refer to supportedos.htm iseries Access for Web V5R4: iseries Access for Web is a Java application that runs on a Web application server on V5R3 or later i5/iseries systems. End users access its functions by starting their browser (for example, Internet Explorer, Netscape, Opera) and connecting to a System i5 server. The desktop operating system could be any version of Windows, UNIX, Linux or Macintosh. iseries Access for Web enables end users to run their host applications, work with their printer output, and access database information, jobs, job queues, message queues, and so on. It also provides the ability to run i5/os CL batch commands without using a 5250 emulation session. There are actually two completely different sets of functionality shipped with iseries Access for Web. One is a set of servlet functions that are used when iseries Access for Web is installed within WebSphere Application Server (WAS) or Apache Software Foundation (ASF) Tomcat Web servers. The other is a set of portlet functions that are used when running on WebSphere Portal products. Following are the new features in each set of code. The following new capability is now included in both the servlet and portlet versions of iseries Access for Web. iseries Access for Web supports Single Sign-on (SSO) iseries Access for Web now supports the WAS security model so that Single Sign-on can be accomplished amongst WAS applications. This ties into the i5/os SSO support (that is, identity tokens that hold user credentials such as password, certificates, EIM that maps a non-system i5 user to a System i5 user profile and LDAP as the user repository) on the System i5. New configuration parameters are used to configure this type of environment. The 5250 emulator function, used to run host applications and work with OS/400 screens, now includes: -- A checkbox on the 5250 Start Session function to Bypass Signon. This enables users to bypass the i5/os sign-on screen. (Note: The Bypass Signon feature cannot be used if iseries Access for Web is configured to use application server authentication.) The OpenOffice spreadsheet format (.ods) is now supported for the Run SQL and Copy Data to Table in the servlet version; and the.ods file format is also supported in the Dynamic SQL, SQL Query and the new SQL Requests in the portlet version. The following new capability is now included in the servlet version of iseries Access for Web. External style sheets The iseries Access for Web home page, main page and template now use external style sheets. These style sheets closely resemble the look and colour scheme of other IBM Web sites. You can replace these style sheets with your own if you desire a different look. Additionally, the home page includes a complete navigation pane on the left-hand side to all functions in iseries Access for Web. (Note: Existing customized home pages and templates may need to be modified to include the new style information.) The 5250 emulator function The 5250 configuration panel now includes an option to display data defined with the DDS HTML keywords on i5/os screens. The database function 5250 sessions now have support for displaying HTTP or HTTPs URL strings as links on the i5/os screens. The database function enables users to work with DB2 UDB for iseries data and to upload and download data between the System i5 and the PC desktop. The additional functions added to this release are: -- An Import wizard has been added so you can convert SQL statements from DB2 Query Manager (5722-ST1) and IBM Query for iseries (5722-QU1) products into iseries Access for Web Database queries. These can then be saved and made available to your browser users. *QMQRY and *QRYDFN (created by these two products) are the query file types supported. (Note: Type form, type procedure, prompted queries, and queries containing program or replacement variables are not supported.) -- The Run SQL feature enables you to query the System i5 database and send the results to your browser, to a personal folder on the System i5 server or to someone as a mail attachment. When the SQL output is sent to the browser, the output can be displayed in the browser or it can be loaded into another application (such as Microsoft Excel) or saved to a file. A new destination option has been added to the Run SQL to enable you to store the output in the System i5 Integrated File System (IFS). -- The Database Tables link previously provided Update, Insert, Quick View, Run SQL and Copy Data to Table actions. It now also includes a Find record action to search for a record in the database table and display the contents of that record. Administration of iseries Access for Web Administrators can now transfer iseries Access for Web configuration items between i5/os user profiles on the same system using the Transfer Configuration function within the Customize tab. This is useful if you want to replicate a category of configuration items to a different user (using Copy action) or transfer ownership of a category of configuration items to a different user (using Move action). The configuration items supported are: 5250 session configurations and macros, saved commands, database requests, My Folder items and policies. To copy customized profile settings from one System i5 to another System i5, you need to use the Export function to put them in a PC file, then use the Import function to put the profile settings on another System i5. This is useful if you wish to create user group profiles (such as SALES, SECRETARY, and so on) and set them up similarly on a variety of systems. Within the Customize tab, Database Connections link, you can now also set up to use WebSphere data source names when creating database connections. This enables many applications -3- A

4 running under WebSphere to use the same data source connections. The portlet version of iseries Access for Web was added to the product in V5R3. The following new capabilities have been added in V5R4: Database function -- System i5 SQL Requests has been added so you can display a list of SQL requests that were previously saved. -- A viewer has been added to System i5 SQL Results so you can view the results of running a saved System i5 SQL request. File function -- A Zip function has been added so you can zip files in the integrated file system (IFS). You can also add files to your zip file, extract them from an existing zip and display the contents of a zip file in the integrated file system. System i5 credentials -- Users can now change their i5/os user profile password through iseries Access for Web and it will additionally update currently defined credentials with the new password value. Supported Web application servers: The iseries Access for Web servlet code can be used with any of the following Web application servers: WebSphere Application Server V6.0 for OS/400 WebSphere Application Server Express V6.0 for OS/400 WebSphere Application Server V5.1 for iseries WebSphere Application Server Express for iseries V5.1 WebSphere Application Server V5.0 for iseries WebSphere Application Server Express for iseries V5.0 ASF Tomcat The iseries Access for Web portlet code can be used with any of the following portal servers: IBM Workplace Services Express V2.5 WebSphere Portal for Multiplatforms V WebSphere Portal Express for Multiplatforms V5.0.2 WebSphere Portal Express Plus for Multiplatforms V5.0 iseries Access for Linux: iseries Access for Linux runs natively on Linux operating systems and can run on systems with Intel processors or PowerPC models (such as System i5 server logical partition [LPAR]). It is available in two unique packages: iseries Access for Linux 32-bit provides an ODBC driver for accessing DB2 UDB for iseries and a 5250 emulator. iseries Access for Linux 64-bit provides an Extended Dynamic Remote SQL (EDRS) driver. The iseries Access for Linux 64-bit package is being enhanced to include a 64-bit ODBC driver. This driver is functionally equivalent to the 64-bit ODBC driver currently included in iseries Access for Windows. Both iseries Access for Linux 32-bit and 64-bit packages are available as Web downloads from The 64-bit ODBC driver will be available in the Web download in the first half of Host Access Transformation Services Limited Edition (HATS LE): HATS LE is not included in the iseries Access Family (5722-XW1) V5R4 deliverables and is also being removed from the V5R3 iseries Access Family. Orders for the V5R3 product placed prior to May 1, 2006, will include HATS LE with other iseries Access Family products. Orders placed on or after May 1, 2006, will not include HATS LE. HATS LE will continue to have IBM Technical support as long as OS/400 V5R2 and i5/os V5R3 are supported. Suggested replacements Use the 5250 emulation program in iseries Access for Web. If you additionally want to modernize your host applications, then consider using WebSphere Host Access Transformation Server (HATS). For more information on HATS, go to iseries Access Family refresh: iseries Access Family (5722-XW1) customers who are running i5/os V5R3 and have software subscription can acquire and use the V5R4 versions of the following products by ordering the 5722-XW1 refresh: iseries Access for Windows (5722-XE1, V5R4) iseries Access for Web (5722-XH2, V5R4) Backup Recovery and Media Services for i5/os (BRMS) (5722-BR1) BRMS for V5R4M0 continues to extend existing capability and provide new functions for improving automation, minimizing backup windows and providing additional backup, recovery and media management flexibility. Virtual TCP/IP Interface (VIPA) support for restricted state backup: BRMS will start multiple TCP/IP interfaces during a restricted state backup. This will allow SAVSYS and other saves to be performed from control group to 3494 Tape libraries while in restricted state. Write Once Read Many (WORM) device support: A new media class attribute now lets you specify write once media type. File sequences on the WORM media cannot be reused. Only new file sequences can be added to the WORM media until the volume is filled. Backup Backup and recovery of spooled files has been updated to use native save/restore operations. Saving spooled files is now faster, has no size restrictions and preserves fidelity. A new backup spooled file list attribute lets you set an expiration date on the saved spooled files. Parallel save and restore capability has been extended to the Integrated File System (IFS) enabling faster saves. Control groups using parallel resources are no longer restricted to the type of backup or archive items. Control groups using parallel resources and containing nonparallel saved items will automatically switch from parallel to serial as needed. A new backup item lets you save a subset of the system information without requiring the system to be in restricted state. A

5 Backup object lists have been enhanced so these can be used as library lists if the list entries specify all objects and all object types. Library lists can improve save performance because list entries are grouped for a single save command. Library lists can also be used to assure the libraries in the list are being saved using the same save while active attributes. A new backup control group attribute allows you to force a full backup when saving changed objects if a specified number of days has elapsed since the last backup. A backup control group option now lets you create missed object policies. Missed object policies can be used either to identify objects not saved in a control group or to attempt a re-save of the missed objects. A backup item exit provides you operational access during backup control group processing. Using this exit, you can retrieve and analyze messages for the current backup item and specify error recovery actions you want BRMS to run. Recovery The recovery report detail has been improved with new steps. New attention notices help identify problems that could affect a successful recovery. User recovery information can be added to the report prolog or to any step in the report. Lotus server on-line backups are more clearly identified on the report and displays. Additional recovery item options allow you to select saved items by volume, set of volumes, all save file or all TSM saves. Recovery of parallel saved items has been enhanced in several ways: The number of parallel devices used for a saved item is clearly displayed. The beginning volume of the parallel media sets is shown on the report. The saved items can be selected and recovered by media set. Concurrent recovery helps you manage the parallel recovery by minimizing device and volume switches and maintaining a common view of items remaining in the recovery. New recovery defaults allow parent directories to be created automatically if the parent directories do not exist. Media Management You can mark history created by saves for duplication. Duplicating the history reduces duplication time by allowing you to duplicate only the save items appended to active volumes instead of duplicating the entire volume. Enhanced duplication error recovery allows you to restart duplication operations from the point of failure. Restarting duplication is as simple as specifying a key identifying the failed operation and requesting the duplication to be resumed. All BRMS save, restore and duplication operations have been updated to use virtual tape media and virtual tape devices. TSM server devices can now be IBM Data Retention (DR) 450 and DR 550 servers. Saving to the retention protected servers prevents BRMS history from being deleted until the objects expire on the TSM servers. Network Feature A system status column on the network display shows the on-line or offline status of each network system relative to the current system. It is now easier to determine whether communication has been lost with other systems in the network. You can send Backup and Recovery Log messages electronically using an address to receive remote notification of critical operation status. BRMS iseries Navigator Client Archive control groups have been ported to the client as Archive Policies. You can now create, modify and run archive policies, manage archive lists and view archive policy reports using the graphical interface. Container and container group management has been added and integrated with the existing Move Policy support. New tasks have been added for updating the properties of disk pools or creating and managing disk pools groups. New Global Policy Properties enable the following new client functions: Messages you want filtered from the BRMS Log Messages you want distributed electronically to an address Online or offline status of other systems in the network Restricted state interfaces to start Virtual devices, virtual media and user-defined media libraries have been added. New backup control group attributes have been incorporated into the Backup Policies. There is more help and it provides better detail. BRMS integration with SAN for FlashCopy solution will provide a way to copy your system data from the production system to another system and have that system perform the backup as if the production system had done the backup. Check the BRMS Web page for more details on this function. BRMS functions are enhanced continually. Enhancements between regularly scheduled software releases are provided by PTF. Periodically review the BRMS Web site to learn of any new functions that might improve your backup and recovery strategy. service/brms/ XML Toolkit for iseries (5733-XT1) XML is widely touted as a solution to the problem of information exchange between applications and within B2B environments. It is simple, extensible and nonproprietary. XML parsers APIs assist in the creation, navigation or modification of XML document content. XML Toolkit for iseries (5733-XT1) also assists in the general industry movement toward XML by providing an interface to an XML parser for procedural language use, such as RPG, C or COBOL (common application language choices on System i5). Also, an XSL transformer is provided that can reformat or reorganize XML documents -5- A

6 to other formats (for example, XML or HTML). New additions to the XML Toolkit include XML Scripting for System i5, which provides an XML-based build tool and Web Services Client for C++ functions, which are used for building Web service client applications requiring SOAP/HTTP messaging in C++ environments. XML4C and XML4PR: With the latest XML Toolkit for iseries V1R1 product, C++ (XML4C) and Procedural XML (XML4PR) parsers are provided consistent with the XML 1.0 recommendation and associated standards (DOM Level 1.0, DOM Level 2.0, SAX 1.0, SAX 2.0, namespaces, schema support and some Level 3.0 DOM support). The XML parser XML4C offering of version 5.5 is consistent with Apache Software Foundation s Xerces-C 2.6. In addition, the XML Toolkit will continue to provide support for previously supported XML4C and XML4PR versions. XSLT4C: With the latest XML Toolkit for iseries V1R1 product, the C++ (XSLT4C) transformer is provided. This XSL transformer offering of version 1.9 is consistent with Apache Software Foundation s Xalan-C 1.9. XML Scripting for iseries: XML Scripting for iseries 1.0 is new for the XML Toolkit for iseries V1R1 product. It includes C++ code that used Apache Software Foundation s Ant version written in Java as a base. Web Services Client for C++: The Web Services Client for C++ (WSCC) is new for the XML Toolkit for iseries V1R1 product and is ported from Apache Software Foundation s Axis C++ version 1.5. WSCC consists of a set of libraries and Java tools that allow you to build ANSI C++ Web service client applications from existing WSDL files that will communicate over HTTP using TCP/IP with SOAP protocols to other similarly configured applications. The client code that is produced has the following capabilities: Support for Web Service Description Language WSDL (document literal only) Support WSI 1.0 basic profile compliance Support for SSL JAX-RPC style implementation XML Toolkit for iseries (5733-XT1) Advanced Job Scheduler for i5/os (5722-JS1) The Advanced Job Scheduler for i5/os is enhanced in V5R4 with the new Work Flow Manager. This function allows a system administrator to mix automated jobs in the Advanced Job Scheduler with manual tasks, and include them as part of a single work flow. The work flow can then be scheduled and managed as a single unit. In addition, Advanced Job Scheduler enhancements have been made to allow resource dependencies to include Integrated File Systems (IFS) objects. There have also been enhancements for report distributions, including the ability to distribute certain pages of a report based on text in a specific location on each page of the report and the ability specify a range of pages to distribute. DB2 Universal Database Extenders for iseries Version 8.2 (5722-DE1) DB2 Universal Database Extenders enhancements include the following: Support for composing documents that contain nonunique attributes and elements XML documents that contain nonunique attribute and element names can now be composed using RDB_node mapping. Support for new decomposition stored procedures that accept a CLOB up to 100 MB To decompose XML documents larger than 1 MB, it is no longer necessary to drop and recreate the stored procedures dxxshredxml and dxxinsertxml. Two new stored procedures have been created that accept an XML document up to 100 MB. These new stored procedures are dxxshredxml100mb and dxxinsertxml100mb. Support for XML Extender s XSLT User Defined Functions (UDFs) The Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) consists of a series of markups that can be used to apply formatting rules to each of the elements inside an XML document. XSL works by applying various style rules to the contents of an XML document based on the elements that it encounters. XSLT is a critical bridge between XML processing and more familiar languages such as HTML. The new XML Extender XSLT UDFs accept the XML document and XSL stylesheet as input and will return the transformed document either as a CLOB or file. Support for new schemalocation parameter for the SVALIDATE UDF In the past, the SVALIDATE UDF would allow schema validation only against schemas that were specified in the XML document. With this new schemalocation parameter, a namespace pair can be specified as input to the UDF that would override the schemas specified in the XML instance document. Composition and decomposition performance improvements The Quick Pool memory management algorithm is provided by the operating system in i5/os V5R4. This algorithm can provide improved performance for XML Extender s composition and decomposition stored procedures. To activate this algorithm, set the environment variable DB2DXX_QUICKPOOL_MALLOC. Software key delivery update Beginning February 14, 2006, software keys will be available only on the Web. The System i5 and i5 software customers will no longer receive a physical software key sheet for each of the keyed products that have been ordered. Software keys will continue to be created by LMS for the keyed products on the System i5 software order. Instead of referring to the software key sheet for key installation information, the customer will be provided with the Customer Notice which refers the customer to the Entitled Software Support (ESS) Web site to access their software key information. From this Web site, the customer is able to view, print and download the software keys created for them. Note: The ESS Web site information is provided in Japanese for customer ease of use. Additionally, there will be no software key sheet shipped from hardware manufacturing for the customer s pre-loaded software products. However, software keys will continue to be pre-loaded in hardware manufacturing for pre-loaded software. Software License Key Sheet Discontinuance: Starting February 14, 2006, the Software License Key Sheet will A

7 no longer be shipped with each iseries keyed software program and program option. The customer is requested to obtain their software key from the ESS Web site The software key displayed at this Web site can be viewed, ed, downloaded and installed. Note: The Customer Notice shipped with the i5/os software order provides information on how to access this Web site and register the end-user customer number for software key management functions. Trade-marks i5/os, iseries, POWER5, AFP, System/38, Virtualization Engine, and DataPropagator are trade-marks of International Business Machines Corporation used under license by IBM Canada Ltd. The e-business logo, DB2, FlashCopy, WebSphere, OS/400, PowerPC, Lotus, DB2 Universal Database, AS/400, eserver, CICS, Infoprint, and Domino are registered trade-marks of International Business Machines Corporation used under license by IBM Canada Ltd. Intel is a registered trade-mark of Intel Corporation. Windows, Microsoft, and Windows NT are trade-marks of Microsoft Corporation. Java is a trade-mark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trade-mark of the Open Company in the United States and other countries. Linux is a trade-mark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both. Other company, product and service names may be trade-marks or service marks of others. -7- A