IPv4 Exhaus,on And IPv6 Deployment. Carlos Internet Week

Transcription

1 IPv4 Exhas,on And IPv6 Deployment Carlos Internet Week

2 IPv4 There are 4,294,967,296 IPv4 addresses (32 bits long) bt not all of them can be sed Looks like a lot, right? Bt... World popla)on crrently stands at jst over 6 billion people Mobile penetra)on 87%, Internet penetra)on 35% We all normally se more than one IP address (possibly 4) They don't seem to be that many now!

3 Internet Nmber Resorce Management IANA ARIN LACNIC APNIC RIPE NCC AfriNIC ISP NIC.br NIC.mx ISP #1 LIRs/ISPs LIRs/ISPs End sers ISP mx

4 Evol)on IANA s central pool /8

5 Sorce: Geoff Hston hcp:// RIRs IPv4 Exhas)on

6 IPv4 Exhas)on Phases The old normal Preexhas)on One /22 every 6 months One /22 once for every new member Sorce: h*p://

7 Crrent Evol)on of LACNIC s IPv4 Pool

8 Historical Facts 1983 Research network for ~ 100 compters 1992 Internet is open to the commercial sector : Exponen)al growth IETF rged to work on a IP next genera)on protocol 1993 Exhas)on of the class B address space Forecast of network collapse for 1994! RFC 1519 (CIDR) pblished 1995 : RFC 1883 (IPv6 specs) pblished First RFC abot IPv6

9 Emergent Measres CIDR (Classless Interdomain Ro)ng) Private Addresses (RFC1918) NAT (Network Address Transla)on) IPv4 Address Ml)plexing Global IP < > Private IP Transla)on Global IP < > Private IP + port (NAT-PT) This measres gave s )me to develop and deploy IPv6

10 IPv4 exhas)on consecences The sky won t fall and the Internet won t stop, bt It will be harder to allocate con)gos address blocks (impact to ro)ng tables) IPv4 more expensive and harder to get IPv4 Transfers and addresses market (E.g. Microsop bying Nortel's legacy IP address space) RIR s IPv4 exhas)on policies (i.e APNIC s last /8, Gradal IPv4 Resorce Exhas)on) IPv4 address alloca)on will be less eqal Restric)ons for growth and development on broadband and mobile networks

11 Possible sol)ons NAT (Network Address Transla)on), AKA: Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) Large Scale NAT (LSN) NAT444 IPv6 **The** Sol)on!

12 Network Address Transla)on (NAT) Allows sharing a single pblic IP address among several devices Does not scale CGN Home NAT 2801::12

13 Isses with NAT When blocking one ser's malicios traffic, we also risk block traffic from many good sers. In order to iden)fy which ser accessed which services logging the IP address is no longer enogh, we also need to log port nmbers. NAT boxes are limited in the nmber of simltaneos sers they can handle. Harder for Internet Content Providers (i.e. geoloca)on, sessions based on IP, etc.) Port forwarding will become increasingly difficlt to manage for sers and ISPs (big impact for gamers for example)

14 What is IPv6 Then?

15 What is IPv6 in one Page: IPv6 is a Network Protocol with many more addresses than IPv4: 340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 available addresses. With so many addresses we can overcome the shortage in IPv4 spply and contining spport the growth of Internet. In IPv6 some tasks are simpler than in IPv4: (Atoconfigration, Renmbering, Mlticast, IP Mobility, etc.) IPv6 Enables Innovation. Particlarly for applications withot NAT

16 Things that change in IPv6, And that are good to know: IPv6 addresses are represented by Hexadecimal nmbers. Example: 2001:DB8:12FF:1231:FFB5::F9DA/64. In IPv6 there is not Network Mask, only Prefix Length. In IPv6 the header is always 40 bytes long, extensions are listed as next header. In IPv6 there is no Broadcast, only Mlticast. In IPv6 there is no ARP or IGMP, ICMPv6 takes those jobs. In IPv6 roters do not fragment, only Terminals. Path MTU Discover is Mandatory.

17 Things that change in IPv6, that are good to know: IPv6 header does not inclde a checksm, so if designing software, UDP checksm is mandatory. There are different types (reserved, nicast, mlticast and anycast) of IPv6 Addresses and different scopes (global and link-local). Example:2001:13c7:7002:1::1 is a Unicast Global Address. fe80::217:f2ff:fe4d:a80e%en1 is a Link Local Address. Typically a host has more than one IPv6 nicast address configred with the same or different scopes (pls the IPv4 address).

18 IPv4 and IPv6 dal reference stacks Application layer Transport layer DNS SSH SMTP HTTP TCP UDP IGMP ICMP ARP ICMPv6 Network layer ( v4 ) IP ( v6 ) IP Data link / physical layers Ethernet PPP HDLC

19 IPv6 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,76 8,211,456 IP addresses!! Some say that there are enogh IPv6 addresses for each one of the Sahara's desert grains of sand.

20 Bt IPv4-only devices can't talk with IPv6-only devices. A translator is needed (addi)onal eqipment, with addi)onal cost, etc.) This translator device also breaks the commnica)on model. Both devices need to speak the same IP version

21 The best sol)on Dal Stack Dal-stack devices can commnicate with other dal-stack devices and with IPv4-only and IPv6-only devices.

22 Why IPv6 is important It is the only feasible way to grow the Internet It will allow the Internet to grow open and as an engine of innova)on It will create new opportni)es on: P2P Social-Networks, P2P Storage, P2P Clods Home Networking

23 ICAv6 IPv6 Adop)on in Or Region Top performers: 1. Ecador 2. Brazil 3. Trinidad & Tobago 4. Cba 5. Colombia 6. Per

24 The effec)ve deployment of the IPv6 protocol throghot the region has been one of LACNIC's constant driving forces since With this objec)ve in mind, more than 6000 technicians have received training throgh the varios ac)vi)es that LACNIC has coordinated with the spport of different stakeholders in every corner of its service region. The spport provided to technical forms (FLIP6) shows the level of coordina)on and collabora)on achieved within the region, as does the work condcted with governments and other relevant bodies.

25 Qes)ons? Comments?

26 CASA DE INTERNET DE LATINOAMÉRICA Y EL CARIBE twicer.com/lacnic facebook.com/ LACNIC yotbe.com/ser/lacnicstaff gplsme.at/lacnic

27 Thank yo!