Why a new version for IP?
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1 Why a new version for IP? 2 nd South East Europe 6DISS Workshop Plovdiv, Bulgaria June 2007 Atanas Terziyski (atanas@argon.acad.bg)
2 Agenda Historical facts about IPv4 IPv4 address space status From Emergency measures Historical facts about IPv6
3 Historical Facts (1/2) At the end of 60s (USA uni. & res. centers) 1972 : ARPANET renamed to DARPA Few years of standardization 1981, Sept. : TCP/IPv4, rfc791 80s : TCP/IP implementation (BSD, UNIX) 1983 : Research network for ~ 100 computers
4 Historical Facts (2/2) 1992 : Commercial activity Exponential growth 1993 : Exhaustion of the class B address space Forecast of network collapse for 1994! NRO statistics (March, 2007) Million hosts source: ocw.mit.edu
5 Status of 256 /8s IPv4 Address Space (Mar 07) Experimental, 16 Multicast, 16 Private Use, 1 Public Use, 1 AfriNIC, 1 APNIC, 24 ARIN, 27 IANA Reserved, 49 LACNIC, 4 RIPE NCC, 24 Central Registry, 93
6 IPv4 Allocations from RIRs to LIRs/ISPs Yearly Comparison AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC
7 IPv4 Allocations RIRs to LIRs/ISPs Cumulative Total (Jan 1999 Mar 2007) AfriNIC, 0.66, 1% RIPE NCC, 17.34, 32% APNIC, 17.27, 32% LACNIC, 2.11, 4% ARIN, 16.44, 31%
8 Some IPv4 Reports bgp.potaroo.net
9 IPv4 Depletion Projection 04-Sept Aug-2012 bgp.potaroo.net
10 CIDR Allocate exceptionally class B addresses Re-use class C address space CIDR (Classless Internet Domain Routing) RFC 1519 (Sept. 1993) network address = prefix/prefix length less address waste allows aggregation (reduces routing table size)
11 Private Addresses (RFC 1918 BCP) Allow private addressing plans Addresses are used internally Similar to security architecture with firewall Use of proxies or NAT to go outside RFC 1631, 2663 and 2993 NAT-PT is the most commonly used of NAT variations
12 NAT (RFC 2663) Public address space Private address space > > Internet <=> Company
13 NAT (summarized) Advantages: Reduce the need of official addresses Ease the internal addressing plan Transparent to some applications Security Netadmins/sysadmin Disadvantages: Translation sometime complex (e.g. FTP) Apps using dynamic ports Does not scale Introduce states inside the network: Multihomed networks Breaks the end-to-end paradigm Security with IPsec
14 Emergency Measures These emergency measures gave time to develop a new version of IP, named IPv6 IPv6 keeps principles that have made the success of IP Corrects what was wrong with the current version (v4) BUT are emergency measures enough?
15 Historical Facts about IPv6 Keep the protocol intact, just increase the address length Develop an entirely new version of the protocol, new features and enhancements in IP 1995, Dec. : IPv6, RFC1883 Academic networks IP new generation IPng or IPv6 Steven Deering (Xerox PARC) and Robert Hinden (Ipsilon Networks / Nokia) 21st century IPv6 implementation
16 IPv6 Today bgp.potaroo.net
17 IANA IPv6 Allocations to RIRs issued as /23s prior to Oct AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC
18 IPv6 Allocations RIRs to LIRs/ISPs Yearly Comparison AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC
19 IPv6 Allocations RIRs to LIRs/ISPs Cumulative Total (Jan 1999 Mar 2007) AfriNIC, 28, 2% APNIC, 285, 23% RIPE NCC, 629, 50% ARIN, 233, 18% LACNIC, 90, 7%
20 FYI: More Statistics RIR Stats: bgp.poraroo.net Raw Data/Historical RIR Allocations:
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