Computer Networks Principles Network Layer - IP
|
|
- Daniella Sophie Gray
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Computer Networks Principles Network Layer - IP Prof. Andrzej Duda duda@imag.fr 1
2 Network Layer Overview: Datagram service IP addresses Packet forwarding principles Details of IP 2
3 Datagram networks: the Internet model no call setup at network layer routers: no state about end-to-end connections no network-level concept of connection packets typically routed using destination host ID packets between same source-dest pair may take different paths application transport network data link physical 1. Send data 2. Receive data application transport network data link physical 3
4 IP principles Elements host = end system; router = intermediate system; subnetwork = a collection of hosts that can communicate directly without routers Routers are between subnetworks only: a subnetwork = a collection of systems with a common prefix Packet forwarding direct: inside a subnetwork hosts communicate directly without routers, router delivers packets to hosts indirect: between subnetworks one or several routers are used Host either sends a packet to the destination using its LAN, or it passes it to the router for forwarding 4
5 Interconnection structure - layer 3 interconnection layer 3 router subnetwork 1 subnet 3 subnet 2 switch (bridge) VLAN host 5
6 Interconnection at layer 3 Routers interconnect subnetworks logically separate groups of hosts managed by one entity Forwarding based on IP address structured address space routing tables: aggregation of entries works if no loops - routing protocols scalable inside one administrative domain 6
7 Internet and intranet An intranet a collection of end and intermediate systems interconnected using the TCP/IP architecture normally inside one organization The Internet the global collection of all hosts and routers interconnected using the TCP/IP architecture coordinated allocation of addresses and implementation requirements by the Internet Society Intranets are often connected to the Internet by firewalls routers that act as protocol gateways (address and port translation, application level relay) 7
8 IP addresses Unique addresses in the world, decentralized allocation An IP address is 32 bits, noted in dotted decimal notation: An IP address has a prefix and a host part: prefix:host Two ways of specifying prefix subnet mask identifies the prefix by bitwise & operation CIDR: bit length of the prefix Prefix identifies a subnetwork used for locating a subnetwork - routing 8
9 IP Addressing: introduction IP address: 32-bit identifier for host, router interface interface: connection between host, router and physical link router s typically have multiple interfaces host may have multiple interfaces IP addresses associated with interface, not host, router interface interface3 interface bits =
10 IP Addressing IP address: network (or prefix) part (high order bits) host part (low order bits) What s a subnetwork? (from IP address perspective) device interfaces with same network part of IP address can physically reach each other without intervening router Network LAN network consisting of 3 IP networks (for IP addresses starting with 128, first 24 bits are network address) 10
11 ezci7-ethz-switch ETHZ-Backbone Example Komsys ezci7-ethz-switch Modem + PPP sic500cs ed0-ext EPFL-Backbone ed0-swi stisun in-inr lrcsuns 00:00:0C:02:78: LRC 08:00:20:71:0D:D4 lrcpc :00:C0:B8:C2:8D ed2-in DI lrcmac :00:07:01:a2:a Switch x.x in-inj :00:0C:17:32:96 disun :00:20:20:46:2E Ring SIDI SUN ed2-el LEMA lrcmac :00:07:01:a2:a5 11
12 IP Address Classes class A class B class C class D class E Net Id Subnet Id Host Id 10 Net Id Subnet Id Host Id 110 Net Id Host Id 1110 Multicast address Reserved Examples: Class A B C D E x.x = EPFL host; x.x = ETHZ host 9.x.x.x = IBM host 18.x.x.x = MIT host Range to to to to to Class B addresses are close to exhausted; new addresses are taken from class C, allocated as continuous blocks 12
13 Special case IP addresses this host, on this network 2. 0.hostId specified host on this net (initialization phase) limited broadcast (not forwarded by routers) 4. subnetid.all 1 s broadcast on this subnet 5. subnetid.all 0 s BSD used it for broadcast on this subnet (obsolate) x.x.x loopback 7. 10/8 reserved networks for /12 internal use (Intranet) /16 n 1,2: source IP@ only; 3,4,5: destination IP@ only 13
14 Used addresses in Internet 14
15 CIDR: IP Address Hierarchies The prefix of an IP address is itself structured in order to support aggregation For example: x.y represents an EPFL host / 24 represents the LRC subnet at EPFL /15 represents EPFL Used between routers by routing algorithms This way of doing is called classless and was first introduced in inter domain routing under the name of CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing) Notation: /16 means : the prefix made of the 16 first bits of the string It is equivalent to: with netmask= In the past, the class based addresses, with networks of class A, B or C was used; now only the distinction between class D and non-class D is relevant. 15
16 CIDR addresses /21: C class network: 256 addresses = 2048 addresses 16
17 Choosing prefix length addresses 29 3 prefix = /29 8 addresses 2 broadcast addresses: , only 6 addresses can be used for hosts 17
18 Choosing prefix length addresses prefix = / /28, /28, /28 16 addresses 2 broadcast addresses: , only 14 addresses can be used for hosts 18
19 Address allocation World coverage Europe and the Middle East (RIPE NCC) Africa (ARIN & RIPE NCC) North America (ARIN) Latin America including the Caribbean (ARIN) Asia-Pacific (APNIC) Current allocations of Class C /8, /8, 217/8 for RIPE /8, /8, 216/8 for ARIN /8, /8, 218/8 for APNIC Simplifies routing short prefix aggregates many subnetworks routing decision is taken based on the short prefix 19
20 Number of hosts 20
21 21
22 IP Addresses and subnet mask subnet mask at ETHZ = CIDR /16 subnet mask at KTK = CIDR /26 question: subnet prefix and host parts of spr13.tik.ee.ethz.ch = ? : : answer: subnet prefix = (64= ) host = 13= (6 bits) 22
23 IP Addresses and subnet mask 23
24 IP Addresses /24 Java Business Solutions AG /23 Tango SA /16 Internet Service Provider SovKom Sovkom has received IP addresses to total: 2 16 addr., but.0 and.255 are not usable Java Business Solutions AG has received IP addresses to Tango SA total: addresses has received IP addresses to total: addresses 24
25 Example switch? ?? ? ? switch host A n Can host A have this address? 25
26 Example switch host X host Y router host Z router switch host A n Host A is on subnetwork
27 IP Principles Homogeneous addressing an IP address is unique across the whole network ( = the world in general) IP address is the address of the interface communication between IP hosts requires knowledge of IP addresses Routing: inside a subnetwork: hosts communicate directly without routers between subnetworks: one or several routers are used a subnetwork = a collection of systems with a common prefix 27
28 IP packet forwarding algorithm Rule for sending packets (hosts, routers) if the destination IP address has the same prefix as one of my interfaces, send directly to that interface otherwise send to a router as given by the IP routing table At lrcsuns: Next Hop Table Physical Interface Tables destination@ subnetmask nexthop IP subnetmask DEFAULT At in-inj: Next Hop Table Physical Interface Tables destination@ subnetmask nexthop IP subnetmask DEFAULT
29 ezci7-ethz-switch ETHZ-Backbone Example Komsys ezci7-ethz-switch Modem + PPP sic500cs ed0-ext EPFL-Backbone ed0-swi stisun in-inr lrcsuns 00:00:0C:02:78: LRC 08:00:20:71:0D:D4 lrcpc :00:C0:B8:C2:8D ed2-in DI lrcmac :00:07:01:a2:a Switch x.x in-inj :00:0C:17:32:96 disun :00:20:20:46:2E Ring SIDI SUN ed2-el LEMA lrcmac :00:07:01:a2:a5 29
30 IP packet forwarding algorithm destaddr = packet dest. address, destinationaddr = address in routing table Case 1: a host route exists for destaddr for every entry in routing table if (destinationaddr = destaddr) then send to nexthop IPaddr; leave Case 2: destaddr is on a directly connected network (= on-link): for every physical interface IP address A and subnet mask SM if(a & SM = destaddr & SM) then send directly to destaddr; leave Case 3: a network route exists for destaddr for every entry in routing table and subnet mask SM if (destinationaddr & SM = destaddr & SM) then send to nexthop IP addr; leave Case 4: use default route for every entry in routing table if (destinationaddr=default) then send to nexthop IPaddr; leave 30
31 Getting a datagram from source to dest. IP datagram: misc fields source IP addr dest IP addr data datagram remains unchanged, as it travels source to destination addr fields of interest here A B routing table in A Dest. Net. next router Nhops default to Internet E
32 Getting a datagram from source to dest.: same subnetwork misc fields data Starting at A, given IP datagram addressed to B: look up net. address of B find B is on same net. as A link layer will send datagram directly to B inside link-layer frame B and A are directly connected P P A B Dest. Net. next router P P Nhops default to Internet E 32
33 Getting a datagram from source to dest.: different subnetworks misc fields data Starting at A, dest. E: look up network address of E E on different network A, E not directly attached routing table: next hop router to E is link layer sends datagram to router inside linklayer frame datagram arrives at continued.. P A B Dest. Net. next router to Internet P P Nhops default E 33
34 Getting a datagram from source to dest.: different subnetworks misc fields data Arriving at , destined for look up network address of E E on same network as router s interface router, E directly attached link layer sends datagram to inside link-layer frame via interface datagram arrives at !!! (hooray!) default xx xx A B Dest. next network router Nhops interface P P P E P 34
35 IP datagram format IP protocol version number header length (bytes) type of data max number remaining hops (decremented at each router) upper layer protocol to deliver payload to ver head. len 16-bit identifier time to live 32 bits type of service upper layer flgs length data (variable length, typically a TCP or UDP segment) fragment offset Internet checksum 32 bit source IP address 32 bit destination IP address Options (if any) total datagram length (bytes) for fragmentation/ reassembly E.g. timestamp, record route taken, specify list of routers to visit. 35
36 IP header Version IPv4, futur IPv6 Header size options - variable size in 32 bit words Type of service priority : 0 - normal, 7 - control packets short delay (telnet), high throughput (ftp), high reliability (SNMP), low cost (NNTP) Redefined in DiffServ (Differentiated Services) 1 byte codepoint determining QoS class Expedited Forwarding (EF) - minimize delay and jitter Assured Forwarding (AF) - four classes and three drop-precedences (12 codepoints) 36
37 IP header Packet size Id Flags in bytes including header in bytes including header <= 64 Kbytes; limited in practice by link-level MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) every subnet should forward packets of 576 = bytes unique identifier for re-assembling M : more ; set in fragments F : prohibits fragmentation 37
38 IP header Offset position of a fragment in multiples of 8 bytes TTL (Time-to-live) in secondes now: number of hops router : --, if 0, drop (send ICMP packet to source) Protocol identifier of protocol (1 - ICMP, 6 - TCP, 17 - UDP) Checksum only on the header 38
39 IP header Options strict source routing all routers loose source routing some routers record route timestamp route router alert used by IGMP or RSVP for processing a packet 39
40 LAN Addresses and ARP 32-bit IP address: network-layer address used to get datagram to destination network (recall IP network definition) LAN (or MAC or physical) address: used to get datagram from one interface to another physicallyconnected interface (same network) 48 bit MAC address (for most LANs) burned in the adapter ROM Why different addresses at IP and MAC? LANs not only for IP (LAN addresses are neutral) if IP addresses used, they should be stored in a RAM and reconfigured when host moves independency of layers 40
41 MAC Address resolution Starting at A, given IP datagram addressed to B: look up net. address of B, find B on same net. as A link layer send datagram to B inside link-layer frame frame source, dest address A B datagram source, dest address E B s MAC addr A s MAC addr B s IP addr A s IP addr IP payload frame datagram 41
42 Example bridge host X host Y router host Z router bridge host A n Host A is on subnetwork
43 Packet delivery Packet sent by to MAC-host-Y MAC-host-X payload Ethernet header IP header X needs to know MAC address of Y (ARP) Packet sent by to MAC-router MAC-host-X payload Ethernet header IP header MAC-host-A MAC-router payload Ethernet header IP header X needs to know MAC address of router (X knows the IP address of router - configuration) Router needs to know MAC address of A 43
44 ARP: Address Resolution Protocol ARP is used to determine the MAC address of B given B s IP address Each IP node (Host, Router) on LAN implements ARP protocol and has ARP table ARP Table: IP/MAC address mappings for some LAN nodes < IP address; MAC address> <.. > ARP table is a cache: after an interval (typically 20 min) the address mapping will be forgotten 44
45 ARP protocol A knows B's IP address, wants to learn physical address of B A broadcasts ARP query pkt, containing B's IP address all machines on LAN receive ARP query B receives ARP packet, replies to A with its (B's) physical layer address A caches (saves) IP-to-physical address pairs until information becomes old (times out) soft state: information that times out (goes away) unless refreshed 45
46 ARP protocol IP address MAC address TTL :BD:D2:07:56:2A 6:00:00 A: IP dest IP source MAC source ARP packet IP dest IP source MAC source MAC dest IP dest = my IP addr B:
47 ARP frame Request (broadcast) Reply (unicast) sender Ethernet address sender IP address target Ethernet address??? target IP address sender Ethernet address sender IP address target Ethernet address target IP address 47
48 Routing to another LAN walkthrough: routing from A to B via R A R B In routing table at source Host, find router In ARP table at source, find MAC address E6-E BB-4B, etc 48
49 Proxy ARP Proxy ARP: a host answers ARP requests on behalf of others example: sic500cs for PPP connected computers manual configuration of sic500cs Modem + PPP sic500cs stisun ed0-ext EPFL-Backbone ed2-in 49
50 ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol Used by hosts, routers, gateways to communication network-level information error reporting: unreachable host, network, port, protocol echo request/reply (used by ping) Network-layer above IP: ICMP msgs carried in IP datagrams ICMP message: type, code plus first 8 bytes of IP datagram causing error Type Code description 0 0 echo reply (ping) 3 0 dest. network unreachable 3 1 dest host unreachable 3 2 dest protocol unreachable 3 3 dest port unreachable 3 6 dest network unknown 3 7 dest host unknown 4 0 source quench (congestion control - not used) 8 0 echo request (ping) 9 0 router advertisement 10 0 router discovery 11 0 TTL expired 12 0 bad IP header 50
51 ICMP Redirect Sent by router to source host to inform source that destination is directly connected host updates the routing table ICMP redirect can be used to update the router table (eg. in-inj route to LRC?) ICMP Redirect Format / / IP datagram header (prot = ICMP) Type=5 code checksum Router IP address that should be preferred IP header plus 8 bytes of original datagram data / / 51
52 ICMP Redirect example in-inr lrcsuns ed2-in inr-el ed2-el lemas dest IP addr srce IP addr prot data part 1: udp xxxxxxx 2: udp xxxxxxx 3: icmp type=redir code=host cksum xxxxxxx (28 bytes of 1) 4: udp... 52
53 ICMP Redirect example (cont d) After 4 lrcsuns$ netstat -nr Routing Table: Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface UH lo UGHD U le U 3 0 le0 default UG
54 Tools that use ICMP ping ICMP Echo request wait for Echo reply measure RTT traceroute IP packet with TTL = 1 wait for ICMP TTL expired IP packet with TTL = 2 wait for ICMP TTL expired... 54
55 Traceroute source router A router B dest TTL=1 t A TTL=2 t B 55
56 Summary The network layer transports packets from a sending host to the receiver host. Internet network layer connectionless best-effort Main components: addressing packet forwarding routing protocols and routers (or how a router works) Routing protocols will be seen later 56
Computer Networking. Network Layer - IP. Prof. Andrzej Duda
Computer Networking Network Layer - IP Prof. Andrzej Duda duda@imag.fr http://duda.imag.fr 1 The transport layer relies on the services of the network layer, which provides a communication service between
More informationNetwork Layer: Internet Protocol
Network Layer: Internet Protocol Motivation Heterogeneity Scale Intering IP is the glue that connects heterogeneous s giving the illusion of a homogenous one. Salient Features Each host is identified by
More informationThe Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. Subnets and
More informationThe Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. NATs 5. Subnets
More informationLast time. Network layer. Introduction. Virtual circuit vs. datagram details. IP: the Internet Protocol. forwarding vs. routing
Last time Network layer Introduction forwarding vs. routing Virtual circuit vs. datagram details connection setup, teardown VC# switching forwarding tables, longest prefix matching IP: the Internet Protocol
More informationThe Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. NATs 5. Subnets
More informationThe Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. NATs 5. Subnets
More informationCPSC 826 Internetworking. The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline. The Network Layer
1 CPSC 826 Intering The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline The Network Layer Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu November 10, 2004 Network layer
More informationNetwork layer: Overview. Network layer functions IP Routing and forwarding NAT ARP IPv6 Routing
Network layer: Overview Network layer functions IP Routing and forwarding NAT ARP IPv6 Routing 1 Network Layer Functions Transport packet from sending to receiving hosts Network layer protocols in every
More informationNetwork layer: Overview. Network Layer Functions
Network layer: Overview Network layer functions IP Routing and forwarding NAT ARP IPv6 Routing 1 Network Layer Functions Transport packet from sending to receiving hosts Network layer protocols in every
More informationThe Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 1 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 1 Contents 1. The Two Principles of IP Unicast 2. IPv4 addresses 3. IPv6 addresses 4. Subnets and
More informationChapter 4 Network Layer
Chapter 4 Network Layer Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach These slides are based on the slides made available by Kurose and Ross. All material copyright 1996-2012 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights
More informationRouter Architecture Overview
Chapter 4: r Introduction (forwarding and routing) r Review of queueing theory r Router design and operation r IP: Internet Protocol m IPv4 (datagram format, addressing, ICMP, NAT) m Ipv6 r Generalized
More informationVorlesung Kommunikationsnetze
Picture 15 13 Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Prof. Dr. H. P. Großmann mit B. Wiegel sowie A. Schmeiser und M. Rabel Sommersemester 2009 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen
More informationHierarchical Routing. Our routing study thus far - idealization all routers identical network flat no true in practice. administrative autonomy
Hierarchical Routing Our routing study thus far - idealization all routers identical network flat no true in practice scale: with 50 million destinations: can t store all dest s in routing tables! routing
More informationIP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia
IP - The Internet Protocol Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia Orientation IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP: The waist of the hourglass IP is the waist
More informationChapter 4: Network Layer
Chapter 4: Introduction (forwarding and routing) Review of queueing theory Routing algorithms Link state, Distance Vector Router design and operation IP: Internet Protocol IPv4 (datagram format, addressing,
More informationComputer Network Fundamentals Spring Week 4 Network Layer Andreas Terzis
Computer Network Fundamentals Spring 2008 Week 4 Network Layer Andreas Terzis Outline Internet Protocol Service Model Addressing Original addressing scheme Subnetting CIDR Fragmentation ICMP Address Shortage
More informationLecture 4 The Network Layer. Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it
Lecture 4 The Network Layer Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it Network layer functions Transport packet from sending to receiving hosts Network layer protocols in every
More informationCommunication Networks ( ) / Fall 2013 The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University. Allon Wagner
Communication Networks (0368-3030) / Fall 2013 The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University Allon Wagner Kurose & Ross, Chapter 4 (5 th ed.) Many slides adapted from: J. Kurose & K. Ross
More informationMaster Course Computer Networks IN2097
Chair for Network Architectures and Services Prof. Carle Department for Computer Science TU München Master Course Computer Networks IN2097 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Carle Christian Grothoff, Ph.D. Chair for
More informationLecture 8. Basic Internetworking (IP) Outline. Basic Internetworking (IP) Basic Internetworking (IP) Service Model
Lecture 8 Basic Internetworking (IP) Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Tuesday. An example internet is shown at right. Routers or gateways are used to connect different physical networks.
More informationNetwork Layer. The Network Layer. Contents Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Service. Recall:
Network Layer The Network Layer Recall: The network layer is responsible for the routing of packets The network layer is responsible for congestion control 1 2 Contents 4.1.1 Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
More informationNetwork Layer. Recall: The network layer is responsible for the routing of packets The network layer is responsible for congestion control
The Network Layer 1 Network Layer Recall: The network layer is responsible for the routing of packets The network layer is responsible for congestion control 2 Contents Connection-Oriented (virtual circuit)
More informationLecture 8. Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Thursday. Questions? Tuesday, September 20 CS 475 Networks - Lecture 8 1
Lecture 8 Reminder: Homework 3, Programming Project 2 due on Thursday. Questions? Tuesday, September 20 CS 475 Networks - Lecture 8 1 Outline Chapter 3 - Internetworking 3.1 Switching and Bridging 3.2
More informationLecture 3. The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1
Lecture 3 The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router? Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets
More informationSubnets. IP datagram format. The Internet Network layer. IP Fragmentation and Reassembly. IP Fragmentation & Reassembly. IP Addressing: introduction
The Network layer Host, network layer functions: Network layer Routing protocols path selection R, OSPF, BGP Transport layer: TCP, forwarding table Link layer physical layer protocol addressing conventions
More informationThe Internetworking Problem. Internetworking. A Translation-based Solution
Cloud Cloud Cloud 1 The Internetworking Problem Internetworking Two nodes communicating across a network of networks How to transport packets through this heterogeneous mass? A B The Internetworking Problem
More informationTSIN02 - Internetworking
Lecture 2: The Internet Protocol Literature: Forouzan: ch 4-9 and ch 27 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet Outline About the network layer Tasks Addressing Routing Protocols 2 Tasks of the
More informationSEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks
SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (12 th Week) The Internet Protocol 12.Outline Principles of Internetworking Internet Protocol Operation Internet Protocol
More informationLecture 8. Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1
Lecture 8 Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets Network
More informationTSIN02 - Internetworking
Lecture 2: Internet Protocol Literature: Forouzan: ch (4-6), 7-9 and ch 31 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet Lecture 2: IP Goals: Understand the benefits Understand the architecture IPv4
More informationNetwork Layer: Control/data plane, addressing, routers
Network Layer: Control/data plane, addressing, routers CS 352, Lecture 10 http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~sn624/352-s19 Srinivas Narayana (heavily adapted from slides by Prof. Badri Nath and the textbook authors)
More informationinternet technologies and standards
Institute of Telecommunications Warsaw University of Technology 2017 internet technologies and standards Piotr Gajowniczek Andrzej Bąk Michał Jarociński Network Layer The majority of slides presented in
More informationInternet Protocols (chapter 18)
Internet Protocols (chapter 18) CSE 3213 Fall 2011 Internetworking Terms 1 TCP/IP Concepts Connectionless Operation Internetworking involves connectionless operation at the level of the Internet Protocol
More informationCS475 Networks Lecture 8 Chapter 3 Internetworking. Ethernet or Wi-Fi).
Assignments Reading for Lecture 9: Section 3.3 3.2 Basic Internetworking (IP) Bridges and LAN switches from last section have limited ability CS475 Networks Lecture 8 Chapter 3 Internetworking is a logical
More informationCSCE 463/612 Networks and Distributed Processing Spring 2018
CSCE 463/612 Networks and Distributed Processing Spring 2018 Network Layer II Dmitri Loguinov Texas A&M University April 3, 2018 Original slides copyright 1996-2004 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross 1 Chapter 4:
More informationTCP/IP Protocol Suite
TCP/IP Protocol Suite Computer Networks Lecture 5 http://goo.gl/pze5o8 TCP/IP Network protocols used in the Internet also used in today's intranets TCP layer 4 protocol Together with UDP IP - layer 3 protocol
More informationNetwork Layer PREPARED BY AHMED ABDEL-RAOUF
Network Layer PREPARED BY AHMED ABDEL-RAOUF Network layer transport segment from sending to receiving host on sending side encapsulates segments into datagrams on receiving side, delivers segments to transport
More informationIPv4. Christian Grothoff.
IPv4 christian@grothoff.org http://grothoff.org/christian/ Sites need to be able to interact in one single, universal space. Tim Berners-Lee 1 The Network Layer Transports datagrams from sending to receiving
More information2/22/2008. Outline Computer Networking Lecture 9 IP Protocol. Hop-by-Hop Packet Forwarding in the Internet. Internetworking.
Outline 5-44 Computer Networking Lecture 9 Protocol Traditional addressing CIDR addressing Peter Steenkiste Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer Engineering Forwarding examples 5-44
More informationChapter 4: outline. 4.5 routing algorithms link state distance vector hierarchical routing. 4.6 routing in the Internet RIP OSPF BGP
Chapter 4: outline 4.1 introduction 4.2 virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 what s inside a router 4.4 IP: Internet Protocol datagram format IPv4 addressing ICMP 4.5 routing algorithms link state
More informationET4254 Communications and Networking 1
Topic 9 Internet Protocols Aims:- basic protocol functions internetworking principles connectionless internetworking IP IPv6 IPSec 1 Protocol Functions have a small set of functions that form basis of
More informationIntroduction to Internetworking
Introduction to Internetworking Introductory terms Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer services An internet Collection of communications networks interconnected by bridges and/or
More informationLecture 4 - Network Layer. Transport Layer. Outline. Introduction. Notes. Notes. Notes. Notes. Networks and Security. Jacob Aae Mikkelsen
Lecture 4 - Network Layer Networks and Security Jacob Aae Mikkelsen IMADA September 23, 2013 September 23, 2013 1 / 67 Transport Layer Goals understand principles behind network layer services: network
More informationAside: Interaction with Link Layer Computer Networking. Caching ARP Entries. ARP Cache Example
Aside: Interaction with Link Layer 15-441 Computer Networking Lecture 8 Addressing & Packets How does one find the Ethernet address of a? ARP Broadcast search for address E.g., who-has 128.2.184.45 tell
More informationThe Internet. The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks.
The Internet The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks. Internetw orking-1 Internetworking! Communications Network: A facility that provides a data transfer service among stations attached
More informationCS 43: Computer Networks. 21: The Network Layer & IP November 7, 2018
CS 43: Computer Networks 21: The Network Layer & IP November 7, 2018 The Network Layer! Application: the application (e.g., the Web, Email) Transport: end-to-end connections, reliability Network: routing
More informationDepartment of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan. Network Layer. By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri
Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan Network Layer By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld millions
More informationThe Internet Protocol. IP Addresses Address Resolution Protocol: IP datagram format and forwarding: IP fragmentation and reassembly
The Internet Protocol IP Addresses Address Resolution Protocol: IP datagram format and forwarding: IP fragmentation and reassembly IP Addresses IP Addresses are 32 bit. Written in dotted decimal format:
More informationHY 335 Φροντιστήριο 8 ο
HY 335 Φροντιστήριο 8 ο Χειμερινό Εξάμηνο 2009-2010 Παπακωνσταντίνου Άρτεμις artpap@csd.uoc.gr 4/12/2009 Roadmap IP: The Internet Protocol IPv4 Addressing Datagram Format Transporting a datagram from source
More informationIP - The Internet Protocol
IP - The Internet Protocol 1 Orientation IP s current version is Version 4 (IPv4). It is specified in RFC 891. TCP UDP Transport Layer ICMP IP IGMP Network Layer ARP Network Access Link Layer Media 2 IP:
More informationECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017
ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017 Dr. Nghi Tran Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Lecture 6.2: IP Dr. Nghi Tran (ECE-University of Akron) ECE 4450:427/527 Computer Networks
More informationCIS 551 / TCOM 401 Computer and Network Security. Spring 2006 Lecture 16
CIS 551 / TCOM 401 Computer and Network Security Spring 2006 Lecture 16 Announcements Midterm II March 21st (One week from today) In class Same format as last time Will cover all material since Midterm
More informationCC231 Introduction to Networks Dr. Ayman A. Abdel-Hamid. Internet Protocol Suite
CC231 Introduction to Networks Dr. Ayman A. Abdel-Hamid College of Computing and Information Technology Arab bacademy for Science &T Technology and Maritime Transport Internet Protocol Suite IP Suite Dr.
More informationRMIT University. Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061. Lecture 2. Internetworking IPv4, IPv6
RMIT University Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061 Internetworking IPv4, IPv6 Technology Slide 1 Lecture Overview During this lecture, we will understand The principles of Internetworking
More informationCS 356: Computer Network Architectures. Lecture 10: IP Fragmentation, ARP, and ICMP. Xiaowei Yang
CS 356: Computer Network Architectures Lecture 10: IP Fragmentation, ARP, and ICMP Xiaowei Yang xwy@cs.duke.edu Overview Homework 2-dimension parity IP fragmentation ARP ICMP Fragmentation and Reassembly
More informationInternet Protocol (IP)
CPSC 360 - Network Programming Internet Protocol (IP) Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu March 14, 2005 http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~mweigle/courses/cpsc360
More informationInternet Technology 3/23/2016
Internet Technology // Network Layer Transport Layer (Layer ) Application-to-application communication Internet Technology Network Layer (Layer ) Host-to-host communication. Network Layer Route Router
More informationInternetworking Part 2
CMPE 344 Computer Networks Spring 2012 Internetworking Part 2 Reading: Peterson and Davie, 3.2, 4.1 19/04/2012 1 Aim and Problems Aim: Build networks connecting millions of users around the globe spanning
More informationThe Netwok 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3
1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2015 Contents 1. Fragmentation 2. Interworking h4 h6 with NATs 3. Proxy ARP Textbook Chapter 5: The
More informationIntroduction to routing in the Internet
Introduction to routing in the Internet Internet architecture IPv4, ICMP, ARP Addressing, routing principles (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) Internet-1 Internet Architecture Principles End-to-end principle by
More informationThe Internet. 9.1 Introduction. The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications.
The Internet 9.1 Introduction The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications. Associated with each access network - ISP network, intranet,
More informationΔίκτυα Υπολογιστών ΙΙ. Κώστας Μαγκούτης Επίκουρος Καθηγητής Τμήμα Μηχανικών Η/Υ και Πληροφορικής Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων
Δίκτυα Υπολογιστών ΙΙ Κώστας Μαγκούτης Επίκουρος Καθηγητής Τμήμα Μηχανικών Η/Υ και Πληροφορικής Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων Course information introductory course in computer networking course materials: text:
More informationIntroduction to routing in the Internet
Introduction to routing in the Internet Internet architecture IPv4, ICMP, ARP Addressing, routing principles (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) Internet-1 Internet Architecture Principles End-to-end principle by
More informationInter-networking. Problem. 3&4-Internetworking.key - September 20, LAN s are great but. We want to connect them together. ...
1 Inter-networking COS 460 & 540 2 Problem 3 LAN s are great but We want to connect them together...across the world Inter-networking 4 Internet Protocol (IP) Routing The Internet Multicast* Multi-protocol
More informationEnd-to-End Communication
End-to-End Communication Goal: Interconnect multiple LANs. Why? Diverse LANs speak different languages need to make them talk to each other Management flexibility global vs. local Internet Problems: How
More informationNetwork layer Network Layer 4-1
Network layer 1 Network layer transport segment from sending to receiving host on sending side puts segments into datagrams on rcving side, delivers segments to transport layer network layer protocols
More informationThe Network 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3
1 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Network 15 Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 3 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2017 Contents 9. Proxy ARP 10. Fragmentation 11. Interworking h4 h6 with NATs Textbook Chapter 5:
More informationEC441 Fall 2018 Introduction to Computer Networking Chapter4: Network Layer Data Plane
EC441 Fall 2018 Introduction to Computer Networking Chapter4: Network Layer Data Plane This presentation is adapted from slides produced by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross for their book, Computer Networking:
More informationROUTING INTRODUCTION TO IP, IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND PROXY ARP
IP ROUTING INTRODUCTION TO IP, IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND PROXY ARP Peter R. Egli 1/37 Contents 1. IP Routing 2. Routing Protocols 3. Fragmentation in the IP Layer 4. Proxy ARP 5. Routing and IP forwarding
More informationinternet technologies and standards
Institute of Telecommunications Warsaw University of Technology 2015 internet technologies and standards Piotr Gajowniczek Andrzej Bąk Michał Jarociński Network Layer The majority of slides presented in
More informationChapter 4 Network Layer
Chapter 4 Network Layer CPSC 335 Data Communication Systems Readings: 4.4.3, 4.4.4, 4.5, 4.5.1 David Nguyen Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley March
More informationThe Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE The Netwok Layer IPv4 and IPv6 Part 2 Jean Yves Le Boudec 2014 1 Contents 6. ARP 7. Host configuration 8. IP packet format Textbook Chapter 5: The Network Layer
More informationIPv4 addressing, NAT. Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley.
IPv4 addressing, NAT http://xkcd.com/195/ Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley Some materials copyright 1996-2012 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights
More informationICS 451: Today's plan
ICS 451: Today's plan ICMP ping traceroute ARP DHCP summary of IP processing ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol, 2 functions: error reporting (never sent in response to ICMP error packets) network
More informationChapter 3 Internetworking
Chapter 3 Internetworking Basic Internetworking (IP) (cont d) Datagram forwarding in IP Every datagram contains the IP address of the destination host If directly connected to destination network, then
More information(Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet 1
Introduction to routing in the Internet Ethernet, switching vs. routing Internet architecture IPv4 Addressing Routing principles Protocols: IPv4, ICMP, ARP (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet
More informationLecture 2: Basic routing, ARP, and basic IP
Internetworking Lecture 2: Basic routing, ARP, and basic IP Literature: Forouzan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Ch 6-8 Basic Routing Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing of IP packets Connection-oriented vs Connectionless
More informationLecture 5 The Network Layer part II. Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it
Lecture 5 The Network Layer part II Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it IP datagram format IP protocol version number header length (bytes) type of data max number remaining
More informationARP, IP. Chong-Kwon Kim. Each station (or network interface) should be uniquely identified Use 6 byte long address
ARP, IP Chong-Kwon Kim Routing Within a LAN MAC Address Each station (or network interface) should be uniquely identified Use 6 byte long address Broadcast & Filter Broadcast medium Signals are transmitted
More informationCSCI Computer Networks Fall 2016
source: computer-s-webdesign.com CSCI 4760 - Computer Networks Fall 2016 Instructor: Prof. Roberto Perdisci perdisci@cs.uga.edu These slides are adapted from the textbook slides by J.F. Kurose and K.W.
More informationChapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing
Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing 19.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 19.2 19-1 IPv4 ADDRESSES An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address
More informationData Communication & Computer Networks Week # 13
Data Communication & Computer Networks Week # 13 M.Nadeem Akhtar CS & IT Department The University of Lahore Email: nadeem.akhtar@cs.uol.edu.pk URL-https://sites.google.com/site/nadeemuolcsccn/home Powerpoint
More informationInternetworking Part 2
CMPE 344 Computer Networks Spring 2012 Internetworking Part 2 Reading: Peterson and Davie, 3.2, 4.1 16/08/2018 1 Aim and Problems Aim: Build networks connecting millions of users around the globe spanning
More informationCS 457 Lecture 11 More IP Networking. Fall 2011
CS 457 Lecture 11 More IP Networking Fall 2011 IP datagram format IP protocol version number header length (bytes) type of data max number remaining hops (decremented at each router) upper layer protocol
More informationCS 348 Computer Networks. IP and Routing. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Computer Networks IP and Routing Network Interconnections Data Link Layer Delivery of frames on the same LAN Extend reach using switches/bridges and hubs Limitations Solution? Cannot address heterogeniety
More informationChapter 4 Network Layer
Sungkyunkwan University Chapter 4 Network Layer Prepared by H. Choo 2018-Fall Computer Networks Copyright 2000-2014 2000-2018 Networking Laboratory 1/52 Presentation Outline 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Network-Layer
More informationCIS 551 / TCOM 401 Computer and Network Security
CIS 551 / TCOM 401 Computer and Network Security Spring 2008 Lecture 12 2/28/08 CIS/TCOM 551 1 Announcements Reminder: Project 2 is due Friday, March 7th at 11:59 pm 2/28/08 CIS/TCOM 551 2 Internet Protocol
More informationTDTS06: computer Networks
TDTS06: computer Networks Lecturer: Johannes Schmidt The slides are taken from the book s companion Web site with few modifications: Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 5 th edition. Jim Kurose, Keith
More informationNetwork Layer (4): ICMP
1 Network Layer (4): ICMP Required reading: Kurose 4.4.3, 4.4.4 CSE 4213, Fall 2006 Instructor: N. Vlajic 2 1. Introduction 2. Network Service Models 3. Architecture 4. Network Layer Protocols in the Internet
More informationAgenda L2 versus L3 Switching IP Protocol, IP Addressing IP Forwarding ARP and ICMP IP Routing First Hop Redundancy
Primer IP Technology L2 Ethernet Switching versus L3 routing IP Protocol, IP Addressing, IP Forwarding ARP and ICMP IP Routing, OSPF Basics First Hop Redundancy (HSRP) Agenda L2 versus L3 Switching IP
More informationCSCI-1680 Network Layer: IP & Forwarding Rodrigo Fonseca
CSCI-1680 Network Layer: IP & Forwarding Rodrigo Fonseca Based partly on lecture notes by David Mazières, Phil Levis, John Janno< Administrivia IP out today. Your job: Find partners and tell us Implement
More informationUnit 5: Internet Protocols skong@itt-tech.edutech.edu Internet Protocols She occupied herself with studying a map on the opposite wall because she knew she would have to change trains at some point. Tottenham
More informationThe Interconnection Structure of. The Internet. EECC694 - Shaaban
The Internet Evolved from the ARPANET (the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), a project funded by The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) in 1969. ARPANET's purpose was to provide the U.S. Defense
More informationNetwork Layer: DHCP, ICMP, NAT, IPv6
Network Layer:, ICMP, NAT, IPv6 CS 352, Lecture 11 http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~sn624/352-s19 Srinivas Narayana (heavily adapted from slides by Prof. Badri Nath and the textbook authors) 1 IP addresses:
More informationQuiz. Segment structure and fields Flow control (rwnd) Timeout interval. Phases transition ssthresh setting Cwnd setting
Quiz v 10/30/2013 (Wednesday), 20 mins v Midterm question (available on website) v TCP basics Segment structure and fields Flow control (rwnd) Timeout interval v TCP Congestion control Phases transition
More informationInformation Network Systems The network layer. Stephan Sigg
Information Network Systems The network layer Stephan Sigg Tokyo, November 1, 2012 Error-detection and correction Decoding of Reed-Muller codes Assume a second order (16, 11) code for m = 4. The r-th order
More informationInterconnecting Networks with TCP/IP
Chapter 8 Interconnecting s with TCP/IP 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 8-1 Introduction to TCP/IP Internet TCP/IP Early protocol suite Universal 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 8-2 TCP/IP Protocol
More informationDate: June 4 th a t 1 4:00 1 7:00
Kommunika tionssyste m FK, Examina tion G 5 0 7 Date: June 4 th 0 0 3 a t 4:00 7:00 KTH/IMIT/LCN No help material is allowed. You may answer questions in English or Swedish. Please answer each question
More information