Improved Path Exploration in shim6-based Multihoming
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1 Improved Path Exploration in shim6-based Multihoming Université catholique de Louvain Aug. 3st, 2007 SIGCOMM 2007 Workshop IPv6 and the Future of the Internet
2 2 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths 3
3 2 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths 3
4 Host-centric multihoming (the context) B, ISPX.B Internet Destination ISP ISP2 A ISP.A ISP2.A Source
5 Host-centric multihoming (the context) DATA B, ISPX.B Internet Destination src : ISP.A dest : ISPX.B ISP ISP2 A ISP.A ISP2.A Source
6 Host-centric multihoming (the context) B, ISPX.B Internet Destination DATA src : ISP2.A dest : ISPX.B ISP ISP2 A ISP.A ISP2.A Source
7 Locators vs Identifiers (ULIDs) Application Transport IP : Endpoint functions ULPs IP address = identifier (ULID) Network SHIM Datalink IP : Routing functions IP address = locator Physical
8 Locators vs Identifiers (ULIDs) Application Transport IP : Endpoint functions ULPs IP address = identifier (ULID) Network SHIM Datalink IP : Routing functions IP address = locator Physical
9 Locators vs Identifiers (ULIDs) Application Transport IP : Endpoint functions ULPs IP address = identifier (ULID) Network SHIM Datalink IP : Routing functions IP address = locator Physical
10 Locators vs Identifiers (ULIDs) ULID : Used as the identifier throughout a transport connection. locator : IPv6 address used for routing (locating the peer). Shim6 performs a mapping between ULIDs and locators, by use of context tags.
11 Shim6 operation Outline DATA B, ISPX.B Internet Destination ISP ISP2 A ISP.A ISP2.A Source
12 Shim6 operation Outline DATA B, ISPX.B Internet Destination ISP Shim6 negotiation ISP2 A ISP.A ISP2.A Source
13 Shim6 operation Outline DATA B, ISPX.B Internet Shim6 context context tag: B_flow locators : ISPX.B* ISP.A*, ISP2.A cur. ULIDs : ISPX.B ISP.A Destination ISP ISP2 A ISP.A ISP2.A Shim6 context context tag: A_flow locators : ISP.A*, ISP2.A ISPX.B* cur. ULIDs : ISP.A ISPX.B Source
14 REAP operation Outline B, ISPX.B Shim6 context context tag: B_flow locators : ISPX.B* ISP.A*, ISP2.A cur. ULIDs : ISPX.B ISP.A REAP OK DATA Internet ISP ISP2 DATA A ISP.A ISP2.A Shim6 context context tag: A_flow locators : ISP.A*, ISP2.A ISPX.B* cur. ULIDs : ISP.A ISPX.B REAP OK
15 REAP operation Outline B, ISPX.B Shim6 context context tag: B_flow locators : ISPX.B* ISP.A*, ISP2.A cur. ULIDs : ISPX.B ISP.A REAP OK DATA Internet REAP probe ISP REAP probe ISP2 DATA A ISP.A ISP2.A Shim6 context context tag: A_flow locators : ISP.A*, ISP2.A ISPX.B* cur. ULIDs : ISP.A ISPX.B REAP Expl.
16 REAP operation Outline B, ISPX.B Shim6 context context tag: B_flow locators : ISPX.B* ISP.A,ISP2.A* cur. ULIDs : ISPX.B ISP.A REAP Inbd OK DATA Internet REAP probe ISP ISP2 DATA A ISP.A ISP2.A Shim6 context context tag: A_flow locators : ISP.A*, ISP2.A ISPX.B* cur. ULIDs : ISP.A ISPX.B REAP Expl.
17 REAP operation Outline B, ISPX.B Shim6 context context tag: B_flow locators : ISPX.B* ISP.A, ISP2.A* cur. ULIDs : ISPX.B ISP.A REAP Inbd OK DATA Internet DATA REAP probe ISP ISP2 A ISP.A ISP2.A Shim6 context context tag: A_flow locators : ISP.A,ISP2.A* ISPX.B* cur. ULIDs : ISP.A ISPX.B REAP OK
18 REAP operation Outline B, ISPX.B Shim6 context context tag: B_flow locators : ISPX.B* ISP.A, ISP2.A* cur. ULIDs : ISPX.B ISP.A REAP OK Internet DATA ISP ISP2 A ISP.A ISP2.A Shim6 context context tag: A_flow locators : ISP.A,ISP2.A* ISPX.B* cur. ULIDs : ISP.A ISPX.B REAP OK
19 TCP connection survival REAP failure recovery 60 Throughput (Mbits/sec) Path used Path 2 used time (seconds) Figure: Evolution of throughput for an iperf TCP session
20 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths 2 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths 3
21 REAP : Failure recovery time EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths The detection time is defined as the interval between the occurence of a failure and its detection by REAP timeout. The exploration time is the interval between leaving and coming back to the operational state. Probes are sent to various paths by randomly selecting an address pair, thus a path. 4 probes are sent with a 500ms interval, then exponential backoff is performed.
22 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths LinShim6 v0.4.3, with Linux kernel Available at Click modular router, to meet the following needs : Simulate broken paths : we are able to stop or restart any path of the testbed on a per-address pair basis. Simulate path delays : We can configure a specific artificial delay for each address pair. Perform source-address based routing : The testbed is configured with one queue for each address pair.
23 Lab configuration Outline EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths :::if_id_A 200:2::if_id_A 200:3::if_id_A Host A Click modular router. 0ms. 80ms. 0ms 80ms Figure: Testbed for REAP measurements :::if_id_B 2002:2::if_id_B 2002:3::if_id_B Host B
24 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths EX : Relation with the number of broken paths n : number of broken queues The current queues for both directions are always broken (bidirectional failure) example for n = 3 : Click modular router :::if_id_A 200:2::if_id_A 200:3::if_id_A Host A :::if_id_B 2002:2::if_id_B 2002:3::if_id_B Host B
25 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths EX : Relation with the number of broken paths CDF (%) exploration time (seconds) n=
26 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths EX : Relation with the number of broken paths CDF (%) exploration time (seconds) n= n=2
27 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths EX : Relation with the number of broken paths CDF (%) exploration time (seconds) n= n=2 n=3
28 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths EX : Relation with the number of broken paths CDF (%) exploration time (seconds) n= n=2 n=3 n=4
29 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths EX : Relation with the number of broken paths CDF (%) exploration time (seconds) n= n=2 n=3 n=4 n=5
30 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths EX : Relation with the number of broken paths CDF (%) exploration time (seconds) n= n=2 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=6
31 EX2 : Paths with different delays EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths We have selected a path, is it the best one? Let s compare in terms of delay. Click modular router. 0ms. 80ms :::if_id_A 200:2::if_id_A 200:3::if_id_A Host A. 0ms 80ms :::if_id_B 2002:2::if_id_B 2002:3::if_id_B Host B
32 EX2 : Paths with different delays EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths We break one path for each direction. What are the alternative paths chosen by the protocol? Click modular router. 0ms 80ms :::if_id_A 200:2::if_id_A 200:3::if_id_A Host A. 0ms 80ms :::if_id_B 2002:2::if_id_B 2002:3::if_id_B Host B
33 EX2 : Paths with different delays EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths 30 Default REAP 20 % One-way delay (ms)
34 EX2 : Paths with different delays EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths 30 Default REAP 4 probes sent in burst 20 % One-way delay (ms)
35 2 EX : Measuring exploration times EX2 : Finding better paths 3
36 Our implementation for the Linux kernel shows that multihoming with Shim6 is possible. REAP provides an additional capability, that is, failure detection and recovery by timeouts and probe sending. In most cases the path exploration may be done reasonably fast. We argue that REAP could also be used for finding paths with better/best delays, although we should care not to overload the network with signalling load.
37 Future work Evaluation and optimization of the detection time Use heuristics to find better paths according to some criteria (delay, bandwidth,...) Find an ordering of address pairs for path exploration that would perform better than the current random selection.
38 Thanks! Questions?
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