How$speedy$is$SPDY? Xiao%(Sophia)%Wang,$Aruna$Balasubramanian,$Arvind$ Krishnamurthy,$David$Wetherall$ University*of*Washington*
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1 HowspeedyisSPDY? Xiao%(Sophia)%Wang,ArunaBalasubramanian,Arvind Krishnamurthy,DavidWetherall University*of*Washington*
2 HTTP/1.1:(The(standard( to(load(web(pages HTTP/1.1'becomes(slow( for(rich,(modern(pages Google(developed(SPDY( to(make(the(web(faster A(StarCng(to(be(deployed( A(Basis(for(HTTP/2.0(now( being(standardized
3 HTTP/1.1:(The(standard( to(load(web(pages HowmuchbetterisSPDYthanHTTP? HTTP/1.1'becomes(slow( for(rich,(modern(pages Google(developed(SPDY( to(make(the(web(faster A(StarCng(to(be(deployed( A(Basis(for(HTTP/2.0(now( being(standardized
4 4/14/14
5 Client HTTP/1.1problems Server 4/14/14
6 Client HTTP/1.1problems Server OpenstoomanyTCPconnections 4/14/14
7 Client HTTP/1.1problems Server OpenstoomanyTCPconnections Initiatesobjecttransfersstrictlyby theclient 4/14/14
8 Client HTTP/1.1problems HTTP/1.1200OK\r\n.Date:Fri,21Mar2014\r\n.Server:Apache/2.2.26\r\n \r\n ******************** ******************** Uncompressed Compressed Server OpenstoomanyTCPconnections Initiatesobjecttransfersstrictlyby theclient CompressesonlyHTTPpayloads, notheaders 4/14/14
9 Client HTTP/1.1problems HTTP/1.1200OK\r\n.Date:Fri,21Mar2014\r\n.Server:Apache/2.2.26\r\n \r\n ******************** ******************** Uncompressed SPDYisproposedto Server Compressed addresstheseissues OpenstoomanyTCPconnections Initiatesobjecttransfersstrictlyby theclient CompressesonlyHTTPpayloads, notheaders 4/14/14
10 Client SPDY Server OpenstoomanyTCPconnections Multiplexesslicedframesintoa singletcpconnection 4/14/14
11 Client SPDY Server OpenstoomanyTCPconnections Multiplexesslicedframesintoa singletcpconnection PrioritizesWebobjects 4/14/14
12 Client SPDY Server Initiatesobjecttransfersstrictlyby theclient AllowsserverstoinitiateWeb objecttransfers 4/14/14
13 Client SPDY Compressed ******************** ******************** ******************** ******************** Compressed Server CompressesonlyHTTPpayloads, notheaders CompressesbothHTTPpayloads andheaders 4/14/14
14 HowwelldoesSPDYperform? SPDYhelps27%to60% SPDYsometimeshelpsand sometimeshurts. Overall,SPDYhelps<%10%.
15 HowwelldoesSPDYperform? SPDYhelps27%to60% SPDYsometimeshelpsand sometimeshurts. Overall,SPDYhelps<%10%. Measurementresultsconflict
16 Goals AsystematicstudyofSPDYthat Extensivelysweepstheparameterspace LinksSPDYperformancetounderlyingfactors Identifiesthedominantfactors SPDYv.s.HTTP/1.1
17 Challenge ManyfactorsexternaltoSPDYaffectSPDY Approach Isolatefactors,sweeptheparameterspace %Networkparameters %TCPsettings %Webpageeffects RTT Bandwidth Lossrate TCPinitialcongestionwindow Syntheticobjects Realobjects Realpages
18 Challenge Pageloadtimehashighvariance Approach Controlsourceofvariabilityby ` ` CDF HTTP SPDY Page load time (seconds) Variance:(0.5(second Difference:(0.02(second Experimentinginacontrolled%network% Usingour%emulator%insteadofbrowsers
19 Challenge Dependenciesbetweennetworkand browsercomputationaffectpageloads Objects No'browser Elapsedtime Objects Browser'computa<on Elapsedtime
20 Challenge Dependenciesbetweennetworkand browsercomputationaffectpageloads Objects No'browser Elapsedtime Objects Approach Preservedependencies.% Browser'computa<on Elapsedtime
21 Outline UnderstandingSPDY sperformancewith Syntheticobjects Realobjects Realpages
22 Outline UnderstandingSPDY sperformancewith Synthetic%objects% Realobjects Realpages
23 Extensivelysweepparameterspace Network parameters TCPsettings Synthetic objects Factors RTT Bandwidth Loss(rate TCP(IW Range 20ms,(100ms,(200ms 1Mbps,(10Mbps 0,(.5%,(1%,(2% 3,(10,(21,(32 Web(obj.(size 100B,(1K,(10K,(100K,(1M MakeHTTPrequests #(of(objects 2,(8,(16,(32,(64,(128,(512
24 LinkSPDYperformancetofactors!Decisiontreeanalysis small objsize large Sixfactors, Thousandsof datapoints loss loss low high low high SPDY #obj #obj #obj small large small large small SPDY SPDY large RTT RTT low high low RTT RTT high low high low high EQUAL EQUAL HTTP HTTP BW BW BW BW SPDY EQUAL SPDY EQUAL EQUAL HTTP IW IW EQUAL SPDY EQUAL SPDY
25 SPDYhelpsonsmallobjects obj%size Small%(<%1.5KB) loss low high SPDY #obj small large low RTT SPDY high low BW BW high low high SPDY EQUAL SPDY small IW large EQUAL SPDY UnlikeinHTTP,aTCPsegment cancarrymultiplewebobjects inspdy. % % % Explanation WhySPDY helps
26 SPDYhelpsonlargeobjects,lowloss low obj%size small RTT EQUAL BW low EQUAL small EQUAL Explanation Large%(>%1.5KB) Low%(<%0.5%) #obj large SPDY high high IW loss large SPDY InHTTP,Multipleconnections competewitheachother! Moreretransmissions% % %
27 SPDYhurtsonlargeobjects,highloss obj%size loss #obj RTT RTT BW HTTP EQUAL HTTP HTTP EQUAL Large%(>%1.5KB) High%(>=0.5%) small large low low high high low high Inasingleconnection,SPDY reducescwndmore aggressivelyunderloss. Explanation Time cwnd Time cwnd HTTP SPDY loss loss
28 SPDYhurtsonlargeobjects,highloss obj%size loss #obj RTT RTT BW HTTP EQUAL HTTP HTTP EQUAL Large%(>%1.5KB) High%(>=0.5%) small large low low high high low high Inasingleconnection,SPDY reducescwndmore aggressivelyunderloss. Explanation Time cwnd Time cwnd HTTP SPDY loss loss MostperformanceimpactofSPDYcomes fromasingletcpconnection.
29 Identifydominantfactors #obj BW RTT Importance? objsize loss IW
30 Identifydominantfactors objsize loss #obj more(important(than RTT BW IW PLTofSPDY/PLTofHTTP #obj PLTofSPDY/PLTofHTTP TCPIW RTT:200ms BW:10Mbps Loss:0 IW:3 objsize:10kb #obj:8 #objshowsatrend IWdoesn tshowatrend
31 DoesSPDYhelpstragglers? Loadtwoobjects (10Kand100K) Conn1 Conn2 BW cwnd HTTP/ Time BW cwnd 1 SPDY 1lessRTT Time Inourexperiments,wefindthatSPDYhelpslittle forstragglers.
32 DoesSPDYhelpstragglers? Conn1 Conn2 cwnd HTTP/ withcwnd Time SPDY Loadtwoobjects (10Kand100K) Thishypothesisisweaksinceitonlyargues BW BW cwnd 1 1lessRTT Time Inourexperiments,wefindthatSPDYhelpslittle forstragglers.
33 Outline UnderstandingSPDY sperformancewith Syntheticobjects Real%objects% Realpages
34 Syntheticobjects!Realobjects Network parameters TCPsettings Web objects Factors RTT Bandwidth Loss(rate TCP(IW Range 20ms,(100ms,(200ms 1Mbps,(10Mbps 0,(.5%,(1%,(2% 3,(10,(21,(32 Web(obj.(size 100B,(1K,(10K,(100K,(1M MakeHTTPrequests #(of(objects Top200Alexapages 2,(8,(16,(32,(64,(128,(512
35 1 CDF %% SPDYhelps HTTPhelps PLT of SPDY divided by PLT of HTTP SPDYhelps60%inthemediancase becauseitlargelyreducesretransmissions
36 Outline UnderstandingSPDY sperformancewith Syntheticobjects Realobjects Real%pages% Browser effects
37 Browsereffects html c.css f.js Elapsedtime html c.css f.js Elapsedtime Assumptionthatobjectsarefetchedat thesametimedoesnothold.
38 Eploadcapturesbrowsereffects Recorder:capturethedependencygraph Replayer:makenetworkrequestswhile simulatingthecomputationportions html c.css f.js Elapsedtime Realnetwork requests Wait Network% Computation%
39 Eploadcapturesbrowsereffects Recorder:capturethedependencygraph Replayer:makenetworkrequestswhile simulatingthecomputationportions html c.css f.js Elapsedtime Realnetwork requests Eploadmakesexperimentsreproducible Wait Network% Computation%
40 Realobjects!Realpages Network parameters TCPsettings Web objects Factors RTT Bandwidth Loss(rate TCP(IW Range 20ms,(100ms,(200ms 1Mbps,(10Mbps 0,(.5%,(1%,(2% 3,(10,(21,(32 Web(obj.(size 100B,(1K,(10K,(100K,(1M Top200Alexapages #(of(objects 2,(8,(16,(32,(64,(128,(512 EmulatepageloadswithEpload MakeHTTPrequests
41 1 CDF % SPDYhelps HTTPhelps PLT of SPDY divided by PLT of HTTP RTT=20ms Bandwidth=10Mbps SPDYhelpsmarginallybecause Computationanddependencies increasepltofbothspdyandhttp Throttledobjectfetchesresultinfewer retransmissionsinhttp
42 1 CDF % SPDYhelps HTTPhelps PLT of SPDY divided by PLT of HTTP RTT=20ms Bandwidth=10Mbps Dependenciesandcomputationinreal pageloadsreducetheimpactofspdy.
43 Otherexperimentsinthepaper UsingServerPush Experimentedwithnewpolicy Saves10%`30%%latencylikemod_spdybut pushes80%%lessdata WithSSL/TLS TestedSPDYandHTTPoverSSL/TLS Largerlatenciesbutsameconclusions
44 Conclusions WeexperimentedwithSPDYpageloadsover alargeparameterspace MostperformanceimpactofSPDYoverHTTP comesfromitssingletcpconnection Browsercomputationanddependenciesin realpagesreducetheimpactofspdy Toimprovefurther,weneedtorestructure thepageloadprocess
45
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