An Improved Square-Root Nyquist Shaping Filter
|
|
- Alfred Randall
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 An Improved Square-Roo Nyquis Shaping Filer fred harris San Diego Sae Universiy Sridhar Seshagiri San Diego Sae Universiy Chris Dick Xilinx Corp. Karl Moerder Broadband Innovaions Absrac A Nyquis filer can have any odd symmeric aper as a ransiion beween is pass band and sop band. The mos well known aper is he raised cosine (RC) aper specified in mos communicaion sandards. The square roo (SR- RC) Nyquis filer formed from his prooype exhibis high specral side lobe levels ha fail o mee severe specral mask requiremens. This paper presens a SR Nyquis filer wih an alernae aper ha, for he same lengh filer, achieves side lobe levels beween one and wo orders of magniude below hose obained from a cosine apered square roo filer. This alernae filer also offers up o an order of magniude reducion in residual ISI levels.. Inroducion The radiional RC apered Nyquis specrum is obained by convolving he ideal recangle specrum of widh /T wih a half cycle cosine shaped specrum of widh α/t. The equivalen process seen in he ime domain is he produc of he wo ime series represening he inverse ransforms of he recangle and he half cycle cosine [], [] as is shown in (). h RC α sin( π ) cos( π ) () = ( ) T α ( π ) [ ( ) ] The (SR-RC) Nyquis specrum [], he specral desired response for he shaping filer a he ransmier and of he mached filer a he receiver has he impulse response shown in (). The filers presened in () and () are symmeric abou he ime origin and have infinie exen. The realizable version of hese filers is obained by symmerically runcaing he ime exen and hen ranslaing along he ime axis ill he response resides in he posiive ime inerval. The runcaion process is anoher ime domain window ha leads o a second specral convoluion which is he cause of high specral side lobes exhibied by he SR-RC () Nyquis filer. We should know beer han o simply runcae he impulse response of a filer! h SR RC (4 α )cos( π( + α) ) () = ( ) T T T ( π )[ (4 α ) ] sin( π( α) ) + ( ) T T ( π )[ (4 α ) ] Furher when we convolve he runcaed versions of he SR-RC Nyquis filers we do no obain an RC-filer bu raher an approximaion ha exhibis non-equally spaced zero crossings. The non-zero sample values aken a equally spaced sample posiions are collecively he cause of non-channel induced iner-symbol inerference (ISI).. Iniial Design Procedure Our ask is o replace he sandard SR-RC filer wih one ha does no suffer he defecs relaed o he runcaion or window applied o he impulse response of he prooype SR-RC filer. One successful approach o many filer designs involves varians of he Parks-McClellan (PM or Remez) algorihm ha ieraively forms a weighed Chebyschev frequency domain approximaion o he desired specral response for a filer of specified lengh. The filer design requires a vecor of frequencies idenifying inerval boundaries, a vecor of gains a hese frequency boundaries, and a penaly (or weigh erm) vecor o conrol he olerance bands abou he desired response profile in each inerval. Since we are considering an alernae ransiion in his design we are free o selec any arbirary odd symmeric ransiion shape and use he square roo of ha shape as he desired ransiion band response. Raher han resric he ransiion shape, we ake a minimalis approach and specify hree poins in he ransiion band ha he SR filer has o saisfy and permi he algorihm o acquire hese poins wih he hope ha he ransiion beween hese poins will be well behaved. Wha ever ()
2 well behaved means! We know ha he Nyquis filer gain a he half symbol rae is 0.5 (or -6 db) hence he SR Nyquis filer gain a he half symbol rae is (0.5) / (or -3 db). As shown in figure, we require he specral ransiion conour o pass hrough (0.5) / a he bandwidh normalized frequency of 0.5. f f sym (- α ) 0 (+ α) Figure. Frequency Response Specificaion for SR Nyquis Filer We can accommodae his requiremen a number of ways and here we employ an opion of he PM algorihm [3], [4] ha permis frequency inervals of zero widh. The poins we assign o he algorihm are he boundaries defining he pass band, he sop band, and he zero widh inerval in he ransiion band locaed beween hese wo bands. These lead o he bandwidh normalized frequencies, gains, and weighs shown in (3) for a filer designed wih raio of sample rae o symbol rae of 4. We will commen on he firs weigh, of value.4535, shorly. Figure. Specrum and Pass Band Deail of SR-RC Nyquis and hm- Filers. ha he SR-RC and hm- filers exhibi RMS ISI levels of 0.4% and of 0.46% ( and db respecively) which are nearly comparable ISI levels for filers wih very differen specral side lobe characerisics. Wha is ineresing here is he ISI shown in he hird subplo which presens he mismach performance Freq v: [0 (- α )/ / / (+ α)/ ]/ Gain v: [ / / 0 0 ] W v: [.4535 ] (3) Figure presens he log-magniude specral response of a 97-ap, α = 0., SR-RC Nyquis filer and of a SR filer designed by he approach presened here. We refer o his opion as he harris-moerder- (hm-) filer. Also seen here is a zoom o he in-band ripple deail. We firs noe and compare he -40 db and -70 db side lobe levels respecively of he SR-RC and of he hm- filers. This addiional ou-of-band specral response is he goal of his design. We also noe he 0-o- reducion of in-band ripple of he hm- filer relaive o he SR-RC filer. The anomaly in he hm- filer is he db (or 0.5 %) specral bump a he sar of he ransiion band. This is he behavior we alluded o earlier when we hoped ha he unresriced specral ransiion would be well behaved. We improve his behavior in he nex secion. Figure 3 presens deails of he iner-symbol inerference (ISI) exhibied by a cascade of shaping and mached filers implemened as wo SR-RC filers, as wo hm- filers and as an hm- and an SR-RC filer. Here we noe Figure 3. ISI levels of Mached SR-RC, hm- and of Mismached SR-RC and hm- Filers beween filers a he modulaor and he demodulaor. This corresponds o he case in which we have seleced he hm- filer a he ransmier o access is reduced specral side lobe levels which faces a SQ-RC mached filer in a legacy receiver. We see here he same ISI levels for he hm- o hm- mached filer as for he mismached hm- o SR-RC filers. This was no a remarkable coincidence bu raher he resul of adjusing he firs weigh in he PM algorihm weigh vecor shown in (3) o achieve his mach.
3 3. Improved Design Procedure The anomalous specral bump a he edge of he ransiion band can be removed by redefining he pass band edge. The modified algorihm slides, in small incremens, he pass band edge from (-α)/ o β(-α)/. Afer each slide, he ISI obained wih he new filer weighs is compared o he ISI obained wih he previous weighs and he slide is coninued ill he ISI no longer decreases. Minimum ISI is obained by a search refinemen ha ieraively reduces incremen size and slide direcion. The frequency vecor used in he PM-algorihm is modified as shown in (4). Here β modifies he pass band edge o form a second se of weighs hm- while β 3 modifies he sop band edge o form a hird se of weighs hm-3. Freq v: [0 β (- α)/ / / β (+ α)/ ]/ 3 The ISI levels exhibied by mached filers hm- o hm- and by mismached filers hm- o SR-RC are 0.06% and 0.6% (-64. and -44. db respecively) while he ISI levels exhibied by mached filers hm-3 o hm-3 and by mismached filers hm-3 o SR-RC are 0.037% and 0.5% (-68.6 and db respecively). For comparison, he ISI exhibied by he mached filer SR-RC o SR-RC is 0.4% ( db). Figure 4 presens he log-magniude specral response for filer hm-3. Here we see he frequencies o which he wo band edges have shifed o minimize is associaed ISI. Figure 5 presens deails of he iner-symbol inerference (ISI) exhibied by he cascade of shaping and mached filers implemened as wo SR-RC filers, as wo hm-3 filers and as an hm-3 and an SR-RC filer. As a maer of ineres, figure 6 presens and compares he ransiion band edges of he specra obained a he oupu of he (4) Figure 5. ISI levels of Mached SR-RC, hm-3 and of Mismached SR-RC and hm-3 Filers mached filer processing for he hree filers we have examined, SR-RC, hm-, and hm-3. Also shown are he specral slopes for he hree specra. These are approximaely he funcions ha are convolved wih he ideal recangle specrum o form he finie duraion, excess bandwidh SR Nyquis filer. The conour for he SR-RC is supposed o be an even symmeric half cosine. We clearly see he specral disorion of he half cosine caused by ime domain runcaion. A pleasan observaion is ha he corresponding conour for he hm-3 filer is even symmeric. Finally we see he specra formed by folding he ou-of band specrum back ino band, an even ha occurs when he oupu of he mached filer is sampled a symbol rae, one-sample per symbol. Ideally, hese would all be consan uniy level specra and i he deviaion from a consan ha is responsible for he filer ISI. Figure 4. Specrum and Pass Band Deail of SR-RC Nyquis and hm-3 Filers. Figure 6. Transiion Band Edge, Specral Derivaive, and Folded Specra of SR-RC, hm-, and hm-3 Filers
4 4. Improving Mismach Performance The design echnique we have been examining was formulaed as a mechanism o obain SR Nyquis filers wih significanly reduced ou of band specral side lobes. This is accomplished by embedding a design wih an unconsrained ransiion conour in he PM filer design algorihm. As expeced, a filer wih significanly improved ou-of-band aenuaion levels is characerized by a smooher ransiion beween he pass band and sop band. We can see he smooher ransiion of he SR filers in figure 7 where he specral derivaive shows ha he ransiion likely has many coninuous derivaives. We noe, by examining he specral derivaives, ha he hm filers have a narrower ransiion bandwidh han does he SR- RC. This, of course, is due o he zero derivaives a he boundaries of he ransiion bandwidh. We know ha his difference in ransiion bandwidhs will cause a mismach beween he shaped filer and he mached filer. As indicaed earlier, his is a likely occurrence if an hm-3 filer is employed as a shaping filer a a new generaion modulaor which is processed by a SR-RC mached filer in a legacy receiver. illusrae he benefis of his opion, we have designed hm filers wih excess bandwidh of 0. for use as a shaping filer operaing in conjuncion wih a legacy SR-RC filer wih excess bandwidh 0.0. Figure 8 presens deails of he iner-symbol inerference (ISI) exhibied by he cascade of hese shaping and mached filers implemened as wo SR-RC filers, as wo hm-3 filers and as mismached α hm-3 and SR-RC filers. By adjusing he firs weigh erm of (3) we were able o obain he same RMS ISI level for all 3 filer pairings. Hence by permiing a minor α mismach beween he hm shaping filer and he legacy SR-RC mached filer we incur no performance penaly while accessing he improved ou-of band specral response of he hm filers. Figure 9 shows he specra of he α-mismached filer pair. The anomalous 0.04 db bump in he ransiion band is removed in he hm- and hm-3 versions of his α When we do he numbers, we find he mismach loss is quie small. The inner produc beween he wo mismached signals, each normalized for uni energy, is or db. We conclude ha, in spie of he differen ransiion conours, here is very lile energy difference in he ransiion band. This suggess ha we migh be able o widen he ransiion bandwidh of he hm-3 shaping filer when we know ha i is likely o be Figure 8. ISI levels of Mached SR-RC, hm-3 and of Mismached α SR-RC and hm- Filers Figure 7. Deail of Transiion Band Edge and Specral Derivaive of Band Edge of SR-RC and hm-3 Filers used wih a legacy SR-RC mached filer. We can do his wih very lile performance loss in colleced energy bu perhaps wih he promise of improving ISI performance of he mismached filers. In fac his proves o be rue. To Figure 9. Specrum and Pass Band Deail of α Mismached SR-RC Nyquis and hm- Filers.
5 mismached filer. The bump free hm-3 version of his filer exhibis an improved mached filer RMS ISI level of (-6.9 db) bu has a reduced α and shape mismached filer RMS ISI level of (-45.4 db). This compares o he SR-RC Nyquis RMS ISI level of (-47.7 db). Figure 0 presens he eye diagrams formed from he ime series a he oupu of he hm-3 and SR-RC Nyquis mached filers. These are seen o be quie similar bu he hm filer pair has slighly narrower widh eye-opening and slighly larger peak ransiions as expeced for he is narrower effecive ransiion bandwidh. We expec ha his minor variaion will no impac iming recovery loops when an hm shaping filer is subsiued for he SR-RC filer. design, hm-, exhibis a small specral bump a he saring edge of he ransiion band. The ampliude of his bump is approximaely he magniude of he in-band ripple exhibied by he sandard SR-RC Nyquis filer. By adjusing he weighing erm in he PM filer design algorihm we were able o obain he same ISI level in he mached hm- o hm- filer pair as in he mismached hm- o SR-RC Nyquis filer pair. The specral bump in he ransiion band is suppressed by shifing he pass band edge owards he ransiion band while monioring he ISI performance of he corresponding ime domain filer. This varian, denoed hm- and is shifed righ band edge cousin, denoed hm-3 exhibi considerably reduced ISI levels. While he hm- and hm-3 mached filer pairs exhibi improved mached filer performance hey also exhibi slighly reduced performance levels when mismached wih SR-RC Nyquis filers. We suggesed and demonsraed he use of a small inenional excess bandwidh (α value) mismach beween he hm filer and legacy SR-RC Nyquis filers. This opion offer he abiliy o use he hm filer, wih is improved specral characerisics, a a modulaor wihou incurring a mismach performance loss when used wih SR-RC Nyquis filers residing in legacy receivers. 6. References []. John Proakis, Digial Communicaions, Fourh Ediion, 00, McGraw-Hill, Ch. 9., pp Figure 0. Eye Diagrams for SR-RC and hm-3 Shaping and Mached Filer Pairs 5. Conclusions We have examined a design echnique based on use of he PM-algorihm o form SR Nyquis filers wih unconsrained ransiion conours ha exhibi significanly reduced ou-of-band side-lobe levels. One varian of his []. fred harris, Mulirae Signal processing for Communicaion Sysems, 004, Prenice-Hall, Ch , pp [3]. Sanji Mira and James Kaiser, Handbook for Digial Signal processing, 993, John Wiley & Sons, Ch. 4.8, pp [4]. MATLAB, FIRPM.m scrip file help response.
Gauss-Jordan Algorithm
Gauss-Jordan Algorihm The Gauss-Jordan algorihm is a sep by sep procedure for solving a sysem of linear equaions which may conain any number of variables and any number of equaions. The algorihm is carried
More informationSam knows that his MP3 player has 40% of its battery life left and that the battery charges by an additional 12 percentage points every 15 minutes.
8.F Baery Charging Task Sam wans o ake his MP3 player and his video game player on a car rip. An hour before hey plan o leave, he realized ha he forgo o charge he baeries las nigh. A ha poin, he plugged
More informationAssignment 2. Due Monday Feb. 12, 10:00pm.
Faculy of rs and Science Universiy of Torono CSC 358 - Inroducion o Compuer Neworks, Winer 218, LEC11 ssignmen 2 Due Monday Feb. 12, 1:pm. 1 Quesion 1 (2 Poins): Go-ack n RQ In his quesion, we review how
More informationNEWTON S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
Course and Secion Dae Names NEWTON S SECOND LAW OF MOTION The acceleraion of an objec is defined as he rae of change of elociy. If he elociy changes by an amoun in a ime, hen he aerage acceleraion during
More informationImplementing Ray Casting in Tetrahedral Meshes with Programmable Graphics Hardware (Technical Report)
Implemening Ray Casing in Terahedral Meshes wih Programmable Graphics Hardware (Technical Repor) Marin Kraus, Thomas Erl March 28, 2002 1 Inroducion Alhough cell-projecion, e.g., [3, 2], and resampling,
More informationFIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY (FPGA) AS A NEW APPROACH TO IMPLEMENT THE CHAOTIC GENERATORS
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY (FPGA) AS A NEW APPROACH TO IMPLEMENT THE CHAOTIC GENERATORS Mohammed A. Aseeri and M. I. Sobhy Deparmen of Elecronics, The Universiy of Ken a Canerbury Canerbury, Ken, CT2
More informationCoded Caching with Multiple File Requests
Coded Caching wih Muliple File Requess Yi-Peng Wei Sennur Ulukus Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Universiy of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 ypwei@umd.edu ulukus@umd.edu Absrac We sudy a
More information4.1 3D GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS
MODULE IV MCA - 3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS ADMN 29- Dep. of Compuer Science And Applicaions, SJCET, Palai 94 4. 3D GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS Mehods for geomeric ransformaions and objec modeling in hree dimensions
More informationFill in the following table for the functions shown below.
By: Carl H. Durney and Neil E. Coer Example 1 EX: Fill in he following able for he funcions shown below. he funcion is odd he funcion is even he funcion has shif-flip symmery he funcion has quarer-wave
More informationCENG 477 Introduction to Computer Graphics. Modeling Transformations
CENG 477 Inroducion o Compuer Graphics Modeling Transformaions Modeling Transformaions Model coordinaes o World coordinaes: Model coordinaes: All shapes wih heir local coordinaes and sies. world World
More informationMATH Differential Equations September 15, 2008 Project 1, Fall 2008 Due: September 24, 2008
MATH 5 - Differenial Equaions Sepember 15, 8 Projec 1, Fall 8 Due: Sepember 4, 8 Lab 1.3 - Logisics Populaion Models wih Harvesing For his projec we consider lab 1.3 of Differenial Equaions pages 146 o
More informationDefinition and examples of time series
Definiion and examples of ime series A ime series is a sequence of daa poins being recorded a specific imes. Formally, le,,p be a probabiliy space, and T an index se. A real valued sochasic process is
More information4 Error Control. 4.1 Issues with Reliable Protocols
4 Error Conrol Jus abou all communicaion sysems aemp o ensure ha he daa ges o he oher end of he link wihou errors. Since i s impossible o build an error-free physical layer (alhough some shor links can
More informationOptimal Crane Scheduling
Opimal Crane Scheduling Samid Hoda, John Hooker Laife Genc Kaya, Ben Peerson Carnegie Mellon Universiy Iiro Harjunkoski ABB Corporae Research EWO - 13 November 2007 1/16 Problem Track-mouned cranes move
More informationLearning in Games via Opponent Strategy Estimation and Policy Search
Learning in Games via Opponen Sraegy Esimaion and Policy Search Yavar Naddaf Deparmen of Compuer Science Universiy of Briish Columbia Vancouver, BC yavar@naddaf.name Nando de Freias (Supervisor) Deparmen
More informationEECS 487: Interactive Computer Graphics
EECS 487: Ineracive Compuer Graphics Lecure 7: B-splines curves Raional Bézier and NURBS Cubic Splines A represenaion of cubic spline consiss of: four conrol poins (why four?) hese are compleely user specified
More informationSTEREO PLANE MATCHING TECHNIQUE
STEREO PLANE MATCHING TECHNIQUE Commission III KEY WORDS: Sereo Maching, Surface Modeling, Projecive Transformaion, Homography ABSTRACT: This paper presens a new ype of sereo maching algorihm called Sereo
More informationImproved TLD Algorithm for Face Tracking
Absrac Improved TLD Algorihm for Face Tracking Huimin Li a, Chaojing Yu b and Jing Chen c Chongqing Universiy of Poss and Telecommunicaions, Chongqing 400065, China a li.huimin666@163.com, b 15023299065@163.com,
More informationNetwork management and QoS provisioning - QoS in Frame Relay. . packet switching with virtual circuit service (virtual circuits are bidirectional);
QoS in Frame Relay Frame relay characerisics are:. packe swiching wih virual circui service (virual circuis are bidirecional);. labels are called DLCI (Daa Link Connecion Idenifier);. for connecion is
More informationA Fast Non-Uniform Knots Placement Method for B-Spline Fitting
2015 IEEE Inernaional Conference on Advanced Inelligen Mecharonics (AIM) July 7-11, 2015. Busan, Korea A Fas Non-Uniform Knos Placemen Mehod for B-Spline Fiing T. Tjahjowidodo, VT. Dung, and ML. Han Absrac
More informationNonparametric CUSUM Charts for Process Variability
Journal of Academia and Indusrial Research (JAIR) Volume 3, Issue June 4 53 REEARCH ARTICLE IN: 78-53 Nonparameric CUUM Chars for Process Variabiliy D.M. Zombade and V.B. Ghue * Dep. of aisics, Walchand
More informationChapter Six Chapter Six
Chaper Si Chaper Si 0 CHAPTER SIX ConcepTess and Answers and Commens for Secion.. Which of he following graphs (a) (d) could represen an aniderivaive of he funcion shown in Figure.? Figure. (a) (b) (c)
More informationLecture 18: Mix net Voting Systems
6.897: Advanced Topics in Crypography Apr 9, 2004 Lecure 18: Mix ne Voing Sysems Scribed by: Yael Tauman Kalai 1 Inroducion In he previous lecure, we defined he noion of an elecronic voing sysem, and specified
More informationTimers CT Range. CT-D Range. Electronic timers. CT-D Range. Phone: Fax: Web: -
CT-D Range Timers CT-D Range Elecronic imers Characerisics Diversiy: mulifuncion imers 0 single-funcion imers Conrol supply volages: Wide range: -0 V AC/DC Muli range: -8 V DC, 7 ime ranges from 0.0s o
More informationOpen Access Research on an Improved Medical Image Enhancement Algorithm Based on P-M Model. Luo Aijing 1 and Yin Jin 2,* u = div( c u ) u
Send Orders for Reprins o reprins@benhamscience.ae The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, 5, 9, 9-3 9 Open Access Research on an Improved Medical Image Enhancemen Algorihm Based on P-M Model Luo Aijing
More informationY. Tsiatouhas. VLSI Systems and Computer Architecture Lab
CMOS INEGRAED CIRCUI DESIGN ECHNIQUES Universiy of Ioannina Clocking Schemes Dep. of Compuer Science and Engineering Y. siaouhas CMOS Inegraed Circui Design echniques Overview 1. Jier Skew hroughpu Laency
More informationQuantitative macro models feature an infinite number of periods A more realistic (?) view of time
INFINIE-HORIZON CONSUMPION-SAVINGS MODEL SEPEMBER, Inroducion BASICS Quaniaive macro models feaure an infinie number of periods A more realisic (?) view of ime Infinie number of periods A meaphor for many
More informationHandling uncertainty in semantic information retrieval process
Handling uncerainy in semanic informaion rerieval process Chkiwa Mounira 1, Jedidi Anis 1 and Faiez Gargouri 1 1 Mulimedia, InfoRmaion sysems and Advanced Compuing Laboraory Sfax Universiy, Tunisia m.chkiwa@gmail.com,
More informationA Matching Algorithm for Content-Based Image Retrieval
A Maching Algorihm for Conen-Based Image Rerieval Sue J. Cho Deparmen of Compuer Science Seoul Naional Universiy Seoul, Korea Absrac Conen-based image rerieval sysem rerieves an image from a daabase using
More informationHyelim Oh. School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore SINGAPORE
RESEARCH ARTICLE FREE VERSUS FOR-A-FEE: THE IMPACT OF A PAYWALL ON THE PATTERN AND EFFECTIVENESS OF WORD-OF-MOUTH VIA SOCIAL MEDIA Hyelim Oh School of Compuing, Naional Universiy of Singapore, 13 Compuing
More informationLOW-VELOCITY IMPACT LOCALIZATION OF THE COMPOSITE TUBE USING A NORMALIZED CROSS-CORRELATION METHOD
21 s Inernaional Conference on Composie Maerials Xi an, 20-25 h Augus 2017 LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT LOCALIZATION OF THE COMPOSITE TUBE USING A NORMALIZED CROSS-CORRELATION METHOD Hyunseok Kwon 1, Yurim Park
More informationImproving the Efficiency of Dynamic Service Provisioning in Transport Networks with Scheduled Services
Improving he Efficiency of Dynamic Service Provisioning in Transpor Neworks wih Scheduled Services Ralf Hülsermann, Monika Jäger and Andreas Gladisch Technologiezenrum, T-Sysems, Goslarer Ufer 35, D-1585
More informationVideo Content Description Using Fuzzy Spatio-Temporal Relations
Proceedings of he 4s Hawaii Inernaional Conference on Sysem Sciences - 008 Video Conen Descripion Using Fuzzy Spaio-Temporal Relaions rchana M. Rajurkar *, R.C. Joshi and Sananu Chaudhary 3 Dep of Compuer
More informationAlgorithm for image reconstruction in multi-slice helical CT
Algorihm for image reconsrucion in muli-slice helical CT Kasuyuki Taguchi a) and Hiroshi Aradae Medical Engineering Laboraory, Toshiba Corporaion, 1385 Shimoishigami, Oawara, Tochigi 324-855, Japan Received
More informationMORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION OF IMAGE SEQUENCES
MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION OF IMAGE SEQUENCES B. MARCOTEGUI and F. MEYER Ecole des Mines de Paris, Cenre de Morphologie Mahémaique, 35, rue Sain-Honoré, F 77305 Fonainebleau Cedex, France Absrac. In image
More informationThe Impact of Product Development on the Lifecycle of Defects
The Impac of Produc Developmen on he Lifecycle of Rudolf Ramler Sofware Compeence Cener Hagenberg Sofware Park 21 A-4232 Hagenberg, Ausria +43 7236 3343 872 rudolf.ramler@scch.a ABSTRACT This paper invesigaes
More informationDesign Alternatives for a Thin Lens Spatial Integrator Array
Egyp. J. Solids, Vol. (7), No. (), (004) 75 Design Alernaives for a Thin Lens Spaial Inegraor Array Hala Kamal *, Daniel V azquez and Javier Alda and E. Bernabeu Opics Deparmen. Universiy Compluense of
More informationV103 TRIPLE 10-BIT LVDS TRANSMITTER FOR VIDEO. General Description. Features. Block Diagram
General Descripion The V103 LVDS display inerface ransmier is primarily designed o suppor pixel daa ransmission beween a video processing engine and a digial video display. The daa rae suppors up o SXGA+
More informationIt is easier to visualize plotting the curves of cos x and e x separately: > plot({cos(x),exp(x)},x = -5*Pi..Pi,y = );
Mah 467 Homework Se : some soluions > wih(deools): wih(plos): Warning, he name changecoords has been redefined Problem :..7 Find he fixed poins, deermine heir sabiliy, for x( ) = cos x e x > plo(cos(x)
More informationMOBILE COMPUTING. Wi-Fi 9/20/15. CSE 40814/60814 Fall Wi-Fi:
MOBILE COMPUTING CSE 40814/60814 Fall 2015 Wi-Fi Wi-Fi: name is NOT an abbreviaion play on Hi-Fi (high fideliy) Wireless Local Area Nework (WLAN) echnology WLAN and Wi-Fi ofen used synonymous Typically
More informationMOBILE COMPUTING 3/18/18. Wi-Fi IEEE. CSE 40814/60814 Spring 2018
MOBILE COMPUTING CSE 40814/60814 Spring 2018 Wi-Fi Wi-Fi: name is NOT an abbreviaion play on Hi-Fi (high fideliy) Wireless Local Area Nework (WLAN) echnology WLAN and Wi-Fi ofen used synonymous Typically
More informationAn efficient approach to improve throughput for TCP vegas in ad hoc network
Inernaional Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: 395-0056 Volume: 0 Issue: 03 June-05 www.irje.ne p-issn: 395-007 An efficien approach o improve hroughpu for TCP vegas in ad hoc
More informationReinforcement Learning by Policy Improvement. Making Use of Experiences of The Other Tasks. Hajime Kimura and Shigenobu Kobayashi
Reinforcemen Learning by Policy Improvemen Making Use of Experiences of The Oher Tasks Hajime Kimura and Shigenobu Kobayashi Tokyo Insiue of Technology, JAPAN genfe.dis.iech.ac.jp, kobayasidis.iech.ac.jp
More information1 œ DRUM SET KEY. 8 Odd Meter Clave Conor Guilfoyle. Cowbell (neck) Cymbal. Hi-hat. Floor tom (shell) Clave block. Cowbell (mouth) Hi tom.
DRUM SET KEY Hi-ha Cmbal Clave block Cowbell (mouh) 0 Cowbell (neck) Floor om (shell) Hi om Mid om Snare Floor om Snare cross sick or clave block Bass drum Hi-ha wih foo 8 Odd Meer Clave Conor Guilfole
More information1.4 Application Separable Equations and the Logistic Equation
1.4 Applicaion Separable Equaions and he Logisic Equaion If a separable differenial equaion is wrien in he form f ( y) dy= g( x) dx, hen is general soluion can be wrien in he form f ( y ) dy = g ( x )
More informationScattering at an Interface: Normal Incidence
Course Insrucor Dr. Raymond C. Rumpf Office: A 337 Phone: (915) 747 6958 Mail: rcrumpf@uep.edu 4347 Applied lecromagneics Topic 3f Scaering a an Inerface: Normal Incidence Scaering These Normal noes Incidence
More informationCOSC 3213: Computer Networks I Chapter 6 Handout # 7
COSC 3213: Compuer Neworks I Chaper 6 Handou # 7 Insrucor: Dr. Marvin Mandelbaum Deparmen of Compuer Science York Universiy F05 Secion A Medium Access Conrol (MAC) Topics: 1. Muliple Access Communicaions:
More informationCAMERA CALIBRATION BY REGISTRATION STEREO RECONSTRUCTION TO 3D MODEL
CAMERA CALIBRATION BY REGISTRATION STEREO RECONSTRUCTION TO 3D MODEL Klečka Jan Docoral Degree Programme (1), FEEC BUT E-mail: xkleck01@sud.feec.vubr.cz Supervised by: Horák Karel E-mail: horak@feec.vubr.cz
More informationChapter 4 Sequential Instructions
Chaper 4 Sequenial Insrucions The sequenial insrucions of FBs-PLC shown in his chaper are also lised in secion 3.. Please refer o Chaper, "PLC Ladder diagram and he Coding rules of Mnemonic insrucion",
More informationAML710 CAD LECTURE 11 SPACE CURVES. Space Curves Intrinsic properties Synthetic curves
AML7 CAD LECTURE Space Curves Inrinsic properies Synheic curves A curve which may pass hrough any region of hreedimensional space, as conrased o a plane curve which mus lie on a single plane. Space curves
More informationX-Splines : A Spline Model Designed for the End-User
X-Splines : A Spline Model Designed for he End-User Carole Blanc Chrisophe Schlic LaBRI 1 cours de la libéraion, 40 alence (France) [blancjschlic]@labri.u-bordeaux.fr Absrac his paper presens a new model
More informationEngineering Mathematics 2018
Engineering Mahemaics 08 SUBJET NAME : Mahemaics II SUBJET ODE : MA65 MATERIAL NAME : Par A quesions REGULATION : R03 UPDATED ON : November 06 TEXTBOOK FOR REFERENE To buy he book visi : Sri Hariganesh
More informationRao-Blackwellized Particle Filtering for Probing-Based 6-DOF Localization in Robotic Assembly
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES hp://www.merl.com Rao-Blackwellized Paricle Filering for Probing-Based 6-DOF Localizaion in Roboic Assembly Yuichi Taguchi, Tim Marks, Haruhisa Okuda TR1-8 June
More informationPrinciples of MRI EE225E / BIO265. Lecture 10. Instructor: Miki Lustig UC Berkeley, EECS. M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley
Principles of MRI Lecure 0 EE225E / BIO265 Insrucor: Miki Lusig UC Berkeley, EECS Bloch Eq. For Recepion No B() : 2 4 Ṁ x Ṁ y Ṁ z 3 5 = 2 6 4 T 2 ~ G ~r 0 ~G ~r T 2 0 0 0 T 3 2 7 5 4 M x M y M z 3 5 +
More informationPART 1 REFERENCE INFORMATION CONTROL DATA 6400 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR MONITOR
. ~ PART 1 c 0 \,).,,.,, REFERENCE NFORMATON CONTROL DATA 6400 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR MONTOR n CONTROL DATA 6400 Compuer Sysems, sysem funcions are normally handled by he Monior locaed in a Peripheral
More informationProject #1 Math 285 Name:
Projec #1 Mah 85 Name: Solving Orinary Differenial Equaions by Maple: Sep 1: Iniialize he program: wih(deools): wih(pdeools): Sep : Define an ODE: (There are several ways of efining equaions, we sar wih
More informationA time-space consistency solution for hardware-in-the-loop simulation system
Inernaional Conference on Advanced Elecronic Science and Technology (AEST 206) A ime-space consisency soluion for hardware-in-he-loop simulaion sysem Zexin Jiang a Elecric Power Research Insiue of Guangdong
More informationOutline. EECS Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems. Lec 06 Using FSMs Review: Typical Controller: state
Ouline EECS 5 - Componens and Design Techniques for Digial Sysems Lec 6 Using FSMs 9-3-7 Review FSMs Mapping o FPGAs Typical uses of FSMs Synchronous Seq. Circuis safe composiion Timing FSMs in verilog
More informationVoltair Version 2.5 Release Notes (January, 2018)
Volair Version 2.5 Release Noes (January, 2018) Inroducion 25-Seven s new Firmware Updae 2.5 for he Volair processor is par of our coninuing effors o improve Volair wih new feaures and capabiliies. For
More informationImage segmentation. Motivation. Objective. Definitions. A classification of segmentation techniques. Assumptions for thresholding
Moivaion Image segmenaion Which pixels belong o he same objec in an image/video sequence? (spaial segmenaion) Which frames belong o he same video sho? (emporal segmenaion) Which frames belong o he same
More informationMB86297A Carmine Timing Analysis of the DDR Interface
Applicaion Noe MB86297A Carmine Timing Analysis of he DDR Inerface Fujisu Microelecronics Europe GmbH Hisory Dae Auhor Version Commen 05.02.2008 Anders Ramdahl 0.01 Firs draf 06.02.2008 Anders Ramdahl
More informationModeling of IEEE in a Cluster of Synchronized Sensor Nodes
Modeling of IEEE 802.15.4 in a Cluser of Synchronized Sensor Nodes Kenji Leibniz, Naoki Wakamiya, and Masayuki Muraa Graduae School of Informaion Science and Technology, Osaka Universiy, 1-5 Yamadaoka,
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Implementing Calls Prioritization with Different Queuing Disciplines in Mobile Wireless Networks
Journal of Compuer Science 2 (5): 466-472, 2006 ISSN 1549-3636 2006 Science Publicaions Performance Evaluaion of Implemening Calls Prioriizaion wih Differen Queuing Disciplines in Mobile Wireless Neworks
More informationRule-Based Multi-Query Optimization
Rule-Based Muli-Query Opimizaion Mingsheng Hong Dep. of Compuer cience Cornell Universiy mshong@cs.cornell.edu Johannes Gehrke Dep. of Compuer cience Cornell Universiy johannes@cs.cornell.edu Mirek Riedewald
More informationMIC2569. Features. General Description. Applications. Typical Application. CableCARD Power Switch
CableCARD Power Swich General Descripion is designed o supply power o OpenCable sysems and CableCARD hoss. These CableCARDs are also known as Poin of Disribuion (POD) cards. suppors boh Single and Muliple
More informationReal Time Integral-Based Structural Health Monitoring
Real Time Inegral-Based Srucural Healh Monioring The nd Inernaional Conference on Sensing Technology ICST 7 J. G. Chase, I. Singh-Leve, C. E. Hann, X. Chen Deparmen of Mechanical Engineering, Universiy
More informationIn fmri a Dual Echo Time EPI Pulse Sequence Can Induce Sources of Error in Dynamic Magnetic Field Maps
In fmri a Dual Echo Time EPI Pulse Sequence Can Induce Sources of Error in Dynamic Magneic Field Maps A. D. Hahn 1, A. S. Nencka 1 and D. B. Rowe 2,1 1 Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Unied
More informationIn Proceedings of CVPR '96. Structure and Motion of Curved 3D Objects from. using these methods [12].
In Proceedings of CVPR '96 Srucure and Moion of Curved 3D Objecs from Monocular Silhouees B Vijayakumar David J Kriegman Dep of Elecrical Engineering Yale Universiy New Haven, CT 652-8267 Jean Ponce Compuer
More informationA Numerical Study on Impact Damage Assessment of PC Box Girder Bridge by Pounding Effect
A Numerical Sudy on Impac Damage Assessmen of PC Box Girder Bridge by Pounding Effec H. Tamai, Y. Sonoda, K. Goou and Y.Kajia Kyushu Universiy, Japan Absrac When a large earhquake occurs, displacemen response
More informationA Fast Stereo-Based Multi-Person Tracking using an Approximated Likelihood Map for Overlapping Silhouette Templates
A Fas Sereo-Based Muli-Person Tracking using an Approximaed Likelihood Map for Overlapping Silhouee Templaes Junji Saake Jun Miura Deparmen of Compuer Science and Engineering Toyohashi Universiy of Technology
More informationLow-Cost WLAN based. Dr. Christian Hoene. Computer Science Department, University of Tübingen, Germany
Low-Cos WLAN based Time-of-fligh fligh Trilaeraion Precision Indoor Personnel Locaion and Tracking for Emergency Responders Third Annual Technology Workshop, Augus 5, 2008 Worceser Polyechnic Insiue, Worceser,
More informationElite Acoustics Engineering A4-8 Live-Performance Studio Monitor with 4 Channels, Mixer, Effects, and Bluetooth Quick Start Guide
Elie Acousics Engineering A4-8 Live-Performance Sudio Monior wih 4 Channels, Mixer, Effecs, and Blueooh Quick Sar Guide WHAT IS IN THE BOX Your A4-8 package conains he following: (1) Speaker (1) 12V AC
More information4. Minimax and planning problems
CS/ECE/ISyE 524 Inroducion o Opimizaion Spring 2017 18 4. Minima and planning problems ˆ Opimizing piecewise linear funcions ˆ Minima problems ˆ Eample: Chebyshev cener ˆ Muli-period planning problems
More informationWho thinks who knows who? Socio-Cognitive Analysis of an Network
Who hinks who knows who? Socio-Cogniive Analysis of an Email Nework Nishih Pahak Deparmen of Compuer Science Universiy of Minnesoa Minneapolis, MN, USA npahak@cs.umn.edu Sandeep Mane Deparmen of Compuer
More informationThe Beer Dock: Three and a Half Implementations of the Beer Distribution Game
The Beer Dock 2002-08-13 17:55:44-0700 The Beer Dock: Three and a Half Implemenaions of he Beer Disribuion Game Michael J. Norh[1] and Charles M. Macal Argonne Naional Laboraory, Argonne, Illinois Absrac
More informationsource managemen, naming, proecion, and service provisions. This paper concenraes on he basic processor scheduling aspecs of resource managemen. 2 The
Virual Compuers A New Paradigm for Disribued Operaing Sysems Banu Ozden y Aaron J. Goldberg Avi Silberschaz z 600 Mounain Ave. AT&T Bell Laboraories Murray Hill, NJ 07974 Absrac The virual compuers (VC)
More informationA non-stationary uniform tension controlled interpolating 4-point scheme reproducing conics
A non-saionary uniform ension conrolled inerpolaing 4-poin scheme reproducing conics C. Beccari a, G. Casciola b, L. Romani b, a Deparmen of Pure and Applied Mahemaics, Universiy of Padova, Via G. Belzoni
More informationData Structures and Algorithms. The material for this lecture is drawn, in part, from The Practice of Programming (Kernighan & Pike) Chapter 2
Daa Srucures and Algorihms The maerial for his lecure is drawn, in par, from The Pracice of Programming (Kernighan & Pike) Chaper 2 1 Moivaing Quoaion Every program depends on algorihms and daa srucures,
More informationVisual Indoor Localization with a Floor-Plan Map
Visual Indoor Localizaion wih a Floor-Plan Map Hang Chu Dep. of ECE Cornell Universiy Ihaca, NY 14850 hc772@cornell.edu Absrac In his repor, a indoor localizaion mehod is presened. The mehod akes firsperson
More informationVideo-Based Face Recognition Using Probabilistic Appearance Manifolds
Video-Based Face Recogniion Using Probabilisic Appearance Manifolds Kuang-Chih Lee Jeffrey Ho Ming-Hsuan Yang David Kriegman klee10@uiuc.edu jho@cs.ucsd.edu myang@honda-ri.com kriegman@cs.ucsd.edu Compuer
More informationDimmer time switch AlphaLux³ D / 27
Dimmer ime swich AlphaLux³ D2 426 26 / 27! Safey noes This produc should be insalled in line wih insallaion rules, preferably by a qualified elecrician. Incorrec insallaion and use can lead o risk of elecric
More informationA Tool for Multi-Hour ATM Network Design considering Mixed Peer-to-Peer and Client-Server based Services
A Tool for Muli-Hour ATM Nework Design considering Mied Peer-o-Peer and Clien-Server based Services Conac Auhor Name: Luis Cardoso Company / Organizaion: Porugal Telecom Inovação Complee Mailing Address:
More informationFlow graph/networks MAX FLOW APPLICATIONS. Flow constraints. Max flow problem 4/26/12
4// low graph/nework MX LOW PPLIION 30, pring 0 avid Kauchak low nework direced, weighed graph (V, ) poiive edge weigh indicaing he capaciy (generally, aume ineger) conain a ingle ource V wih no incoming
More informationShortest Path Algorithms. Lecture I: Shortest Path Algorithms. Example. Graphs and Matrices. Setting: Dr Kieran T. Herley.
Shores Pah Algorihms Background Seing: Lecure I: Shores Pah Algorihms Dr Kieran T. Herle Deparmen of Compuer Science Universi College Cork Ocober 201 direced graph, real edge weighs Le he lengh of a pah
More informationSpline Curves. Color Interpolation. Normal Interpolation. Last Time? Today. glshademodel (GL_SMOOTH); Adjacency Data Structures. Mesh Simplification
Las Time? Adjacency Daa Srucures Spline Curves Geomeric & opologic informaion Dynamic allocaion Efficiency of access Mesh Simplificaion edge collapse/verex spli geomorphs progressive ransmission view-dependen
More informationToday. Curves & Surfaces. Can We Disguise the Facets? Limitations of Polygonal Meshes. Better, but not always good enough
Today Curves & Surfaces Moivaion Limiaions of Polygonal Models Some Modeling Tools & Definiions Curves Surfaces / Paches Subdivision Surfaces Limiaions of Polygonal Meshes Can We Disguise he Faces? Planar
More informationPacket Scheduling in a Low-Latency Optical Interconnect with Electronic Buffers
Packe cheduling in a Low-Laency Opical Inerconnec wih Elecronic Buffers Lin Liu Zhenghao Zhang Yuanyuan Yang Dep Elecrical & Compuer Engineering Compuer cience Deparmen Dep Elecrical & Compuer Engineering
More informationComputer representations of piecewise
Edior: Gabriel Taubin Inroducion o Geomeric Processing hrough Opimizaion Gabriel Taubin Brown Universiy Compuer represenaions o piecewise smooh suraces have become vial echnologies in areas ranging rom
More information(Structural Time Series Models for Describing Trend in All India Sunflower Yield Using SAS
(Srucural Time Series Models for Describing Trend in All India Sunflower Yield Using SAS Himadri Ghosh, Prajneshu and Savia Wadhwa I.A.S.R.I., Library Avenue, New Delhi-110 01 him_adri@iasri.res.in, prajnesh@iasri.res.in,
More informationVisualizing Complex Notions of Time
Visualizing Complex Noions of Time Rober Kosara, Silvia Miksch Insiue of Sofware Technology, Vienna Universiy of Technology, Vienna, Ausria Absrac Time plays an imporan role in medicine. Condiions are
More informationImage Content Representation
Image Conen Represenaion Represenaion for curves and shapes regions relaionships beween regions E.G.M. Perakis Image Represenaion & Recogniion 1 Reliable Represenaion Uniqueness: mus uniquely specify an
More informationModelling urban travel time variability with the Burr regression technique
Ausralasian Transpor Research Forum 2011 Proceedings 28-30 Sepember 2011, Adelaide, Ausralia Publicaion websie: hp://www.parec.org/arf.aspx Modelling urban ravel ime variabiliy wih he Burr regression echnique
More informationSTRING DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA FOR DISPLAY*
SLAC-PUB-383 January 1968 STRING DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA FOR DISPLAY* J. E. George and W. F. Miller Compuer Science Deparmen and Sanford Linear Acceleraor Cener Sanford Universiy Sanford, California Absrac
More informationWhy Waste a Perfectly Good Abstraction?
Why Wase a Perfecly Good Absracion? Arie Gurfinkel and Marsha Chechik Deparmen of Compuer Science, Universiy of Torono, Torono, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. Email: arie,chechik@cs.orono.edu Absrac. Sofware model-checking
More informationA Principled Approach to. MILP Modeling. Columbia University, August Carnegie Mellon University. Workshop on MIP. John Hooker.
Slide A Principled Approach o MILP Modeling John Hooer Carnegie Mellon Universiy Worshop on MIP Columbia Universiy, Augus 008 Proposal MILP modeling is an ar, bu i need no be unprincipled. Slide Proposal
More informationTime Expression Recognition Using a Constituent-based Tagging Scheme
Track: Web Conen Analysis, Semanics and Knowledge Time Expression Recogniion Using a Consiuen-based Tagging Scheme Xiaoshi Zhong and Erik Cambria School of Compuer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological
More informationRobust Segmentation and Tracking of Colored Objects in Video
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CSVT, VOL. 4, NO. 6, 2004 Robus Segmenaion and Tracking of Colored Objecs in Video Theo Gevers, member, IEEE Absrac Segmening and racking of objecs in video is of grea imporance for
More informationParallel and Distributed Systems for Constructive Neural Network Learning*
Parallel and Disribued Sysems for Consrucive Neural Nework Learning* J. Flecher Z. Obradovi School of Elecrical Engineering and Compuer Science Washingon Sae Universiy Pullman WA 99164-2752 Absrac A consrucive
More informationSOT: Compact Representation for Triangle and Tetrahedral Meshes
SOT: Compac Represenaion for Triangle and Terahedral Meshes Topraj Gurung and Jarek Rossignac School of Ineracive Compuing, College of Compuing, Georgia Insiue of Technology, Alana, GA ABSTRACT The Corner
More informationLocation. Electrical. Loads. 2-wire mains-rated. 0.5 mm² to 1.5 mm² Max. length 300 m (with 1.5 mm² cable). Example: Belden 8471
Produc Descripion Insallaion and User Guide Transiser Dimmer (454) The DIN rail mouned 454 is a 4channel ransisor dimmer. I can operae in one of wo modes; leading edge or railing edge. All 4 channels operae
More information