Artificial Intelligence Beginning, Advanced, Comprehensive Levels Module Guide

Transcription

1 Tech-Design Beginning, Advanced, Comprehensive Levels Module Guide Edition E0

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3 HIS FIRST EDITION First Printing, April 2005 Copyright 2005 Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded, or otherwise, without prior written permission from Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. The MultiMedia Tech-Design software and other materials described in this document are furnished under a license agreement or a nondisclosure agreement. The software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. ISBN Lab-Volt and Tech-Design are registered trademarks of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. Windows and Works are trademarks of Microsoft Corp. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Family Game Pack Entertainment Pack for Windows 95 is a registered trademark of New World Computing, Inc. Cye is a registered trademark of Educational Robot Co. (ERC). All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.

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5 Table of Contents S Introduction Beginning Level... 3 Lesson 2, How to Play Hoyle Board Games... 3 Lesson 3, The Map & Zap Environment... 4 Lesson 4, Creating Hot Points... 6 Lesson 5, Creating a Visual Expert System... 9 Lesson 5, Line Path Activity Lesson 6, Cartesian & Polar Coordinates Activity Lesson 7, Remote Vision Activity Advanced Level Lesson 2, Playing Hoyle Board Games Lesson 3, Reviewing The Map & Zap Environment Lesson 4, Making a Floor Plan Lesson 5, Creating an Expert System Lesson 5, Programming the Robot Lesson 6, Creating Your Own Expert System Lesson 6, Creating a Timing Program Lesson 7, Manufacturing Applications Lesson 8, Remote Vision & Advanced Mapping Comprehensive Level Lesson 2, Playing Hoyle Board Games Lesson 3, The Map & Zap Environment Lesson 4, Creating Hot Points Lesson 5, Creating a Visual Expert System Lesson 5, Line Path Activity Lesson 6, Cartesian & Polar Coordinates Activity Lesson 7, Making a Floor Plan Lesson 8, Creating Zap Programs Lesson 8, Creating Your Own Expert System Lesson 9, Manufacturing Applications Lesson 10, Remote Vision & Advanced Mapping Module Guide i

6 Table of Contents 2 Module Guide

7 Introduction INTRODUCTION This Module Guide contains the directions that you will use when you are completing lesson activities. The multimedia curriculum will direct you to this guide and a specific activity. The directions are titled and are organized by Lesson. The table of contents will guide you to the appropriate page. Module Guide 1

8 Introduction 2 Module Guide

9 DIRECTIONS Beginning Level Lesson 2, How to Play Hoyle Board Games 1. Click on Play Holye Board Games. If this is your first time playing Hoyle Board Games you will need to add your/your partner's name to the Sign In sheet. If your name is already on the player list, just click on your/your partner's name and click on OK. (If a window appears asking you to choose characters, select Done). 2. On the main menu of Hoyle Board Games there are many different games pieces to choose from. Click on the checkers icon. 3. A Getting Started window appears. Click on the Play button. This will bring up the checker board and you are ready to play. 4. When you have completed playing the game, exit the Hoyle Board Game by selecting File and then Exit Board Games. A window pops up asking you "Are you sure you want to quit?" Click Yes. Go to the next section in the presentation. Module Guide 3

10 Lesson 3, The Map & Zap Environment Cye should be at Home Base. If it is not, see your instructor before starting the activity. 1. Click on the Application Launch button and select the Map & Zap software. 2. Click on Load Old. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in the C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Double-click on the HOMEBASE file. This file has been created to establish a Home Base for Cye. 3. Locate the Drag Robot icon in the upper left corner in the Robot Tools toolbar. This icon must be selected to move Cye on the screen. 4. You will see a bird s eye view of Cye and its surroundings on the screen. To navigate Cye, click, hold, and drag the robot icon. When you release the mouse button, Cye will stop. Both the real Cye on the floor and the robot icon on the screen will move. 5. Click on an area on the map to observe Cye move toward the selected point. You will notice that a white wake forms behind the robot icon on the screen. When Cye navigates through an area and learns that the space is not occupied, the map on the screen is painted white. When the robot encounters an obstacle, the corresponding space on the screen is painted black. Gray areas on the screen represent spaces that are unknown to Cye. 6. You will notice a yellow halo surrounding the robot icon. This represents Cye's uncertainty of the area. The farther Cye travels from Home Base, the larger the halo becomes. 7. Begin to navigate Cye around the room by dragging and driving the robot icon. Find the Speed Slide and change the rate the robot moves. Take notice of the map changing from gray (unknown) to white (free area) and to black (obstacle). 4 Module Guide

11 8. Once Cye has traveled far enough from the Home Base, and the uncertainty halo enlarges around the robot icon, it needs help in navigating around the room. You will now construct Check Points for Cye to orient itself. 9. Navigate Cye up to a wall and select the Check Point icon located on the Map Tools toolbar. 10. The Create Check Point window appears. Enter an appropriate Check Point Name which best describes that particular point. Then select the flooring style. If the wall has a corner, it will aid in a more precise orientation of the robot, however, it is not necessary. Select OK. A Measuring Carpet Density dialog box may appear, select OK. 11. Now that the Check Point has been created, you can click on it and observe Cye driving to it. 12. Click on the Home Base icon on the map to send Cye home. Once Cye has found the Home Base, have it return to the Check Point. 13. When you are finished, send Cye back home. Exit the software and go to the next section in the presentation. Module Guide 5

12 Lesson 4, Creating Hot Points Cye should be at Home Base. If it is not, see your instructor before starting the activity. 1. Click on the Application Launch button and select the Map & Zap software. 2. Click on Load Old. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in the C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Double-click on the HOMEBASE file. This file has been created to establish a Home Base for Cye. 3. Select the Drag Robot icon in the upper left corner in the Robot Tools toolbar. 4. Navigate Cye around the room by dragging and driving the robot icon. 6 Module Guide

13 5. You will now create destinations by selecting the Hot Point icon from the Map Tools toolbar. By creating Hot Points, you can mark additional positions, stations, or areas of a room, without the assistance of a wall. After selecting the Hot Point icon, an X will appear with the cursor. You can then drag the X to mark any area of the map you want to make a destination for Cye to travel. 6. The Edit Hot Point Properties dialog box appears once the X has been placed on the map. Enter a name in the Hot Point Name box for the destination, i.e., entrance of room. Then select the Floor Type. Do not select the Number of Claps - you will do that later. Click on OK. 7. You will now see a green X and its label on the map. Click on the Drag Robot icon then click on the Hot Point you created and you will see Cye go to the point and stop. If you click on the Home Base, Cye will go home. 8. You can create a Check Point, like you did in the previous lesson, and Cye can use the Hot Point, the Check Point, and the Home Base as destinations to travel to. Cye will automatically calculate the best path from its current location to the next selected location. If there are any Check Points between selected locations, Cye will use those to check his position. 9. Now you will create another Hot Point that will use the Sound Response sensor. Select the Hot Point icon and drag the X to mark an area of the map you want to make a destination. In the Edit Hot Point Properties dialog box, enter a name for the Hot Point, i.e., rear exit, 3 claps. The Number of Claps option is a Sound Response sensor which will associate that point with a specific number of claps. You can clap once for Cye s attention, then it will wait for 2 to 5 claps for an assigned point then calculate the best path the that particular Hot Point. Select the number of claps. Select the Floor Type and then click on OK. Module Guide 7

14 10. Clap your hands once to get Cye s attention. Then clap your hands the number of claps you selected for the Hot Point. 11. If you want to move a Hot Point, click on the Relocate\Resize Objects button on the Map Tools toolbar. Place the tip of the arrow on the Hot Point and click on it to select it. The Hand arrow turns into a target pointer. Drag the target pointer on the Hot Point icon to its new location. Release the mouse. Move the target pointer off the Hot Point icon and it will return to the Hand arrow. Click the mouse to unselect the Hot Point. 12. When you are finished, send Cye home. 13. Save your program by selecting File and then Save As. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Enter the filename as your initialslesson #. 14. Exit the software and go to the next section in the presentation. 8 Module Guide

15 Lesson 5, Creating a Visual Expert System 1. Click on File and then New. Click on Process, and then click on Topic. The Enter Topic window appears. You will create an expert system on transportation, so type "Travel" and press Enter (or click on OK). 2. Look at the Topic box. The word appears exactly as you type it. If you notice a mistake, call up the Enter Topic window again (by clicking on Process and then Topic) and correct the error. 3. Now you need to enter your possible outcomes. Again click on Process, then click on Outcomes. The Outcomes window appears. Since you want to keep this expert system simple, you will enter only four possible outcomes. In a more complex system, there could be many possible outcomes. To add the first possible outcome, type "Jet Plane" and either press Enter or click on Add. 4. Type "Diesel Bus" and press Enter or click on Add. 5. Type "Sailboat" and press Enter or click on Add. 6. Type "Passenger Train" and press Enter or click on Add. 7. If you made a mistake in typing and didn't notice it until after you pressed Enter or clicked on Add, click on the outcome so that it is highlighted, and then click on Delete. Type in the outcome (make sure you spell it right this time), and press Enter or click on Add. 8. When you are finished entering your four possible outcomes, click on OK. You will see exactly what you typed in the Outcomes box. (If, at this point, you notice a mistake, call up the enter Outcomes window again and fix it by following the step above. However, you must have the four outcomes in the sequence listed above since windows steps that follow are based upon that order.) Now you are ready to enter your questions. The questions are given to you in this activity, but when you create your own expert system in the next section, you will have to create your own questions. For now, you will enter eight given questions, two about each vehicle listed in the Possible Outcomes window. Remember, this is a very simple system. More complicated expert systems could have hundreds or even thousands of questions to help a user pinpoint the solution to a problem. 9. Click on Process and then Questions. The Questions window appears. Type "Do you leave dry ground?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this questions was created with a jet plane in mind. Module Guide 9

16 10. Type "Do you ever wear a seat belt?" and press Enter or click on Add. 11. Type "Do you travel on rubber wheels?" and press Enter or click on Add. 12. Type "Do you travel on roads?" and press Enter or click on Add. 13. Type "Does the wind provide motive power?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this question was created with a sailboat in mind. 14. Type "Does the vehicle normally move on wheels?" and press Enter or click on Add. 15. Type "Does the vehicle move on steel wheels?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this question was created with a passenger train in mind. 16. Type "Does someone steer the vehicle?" and press Enter or click on Add. 17. Check your spelling and correct any mistakes by using the Delete button and then retyping the question. However, you must have the eight questions in the sequence listed above since the remaining window steps are based upon that order. When you have finished entering the eight questions, click on OK. All of the questions now appear in the Questions box, but they are not active. To make them active, you need to add the knowledge of the knowledge engineer, you. How? By answering the questions! 18. To answer the questions, click on Process, then click on Answers. The Answers window appears. The first line shows your topic, which is Travel. The second line shows your first possible outcome, Jet Plane. The third line shows the first question, Do you leave dry ground? A jet plane can leave the ground, so click on Yes. 19. The enter Answers window will stay up as long as there are questions for you to answer. The first line, Travel, will remain the same throughout. The second line, Jet Plane, will remain the same until you have answered all eight questions with a jet plane in mind. The third line now shows the second question, Do you ever wear a seat belt? A jet plane does indeed have seat belts, so click on Yes. 20. The third question, Do you travel on rubber wheels?, now appears. A jet plane does, if on the ground, so click on Maybe. 10 Module Guide

17 21. The fourth question, Do your travel on roads? Now appear. A jet plane does not, so enter No. 22. The fifth question, Does the wind provide motive power?, now appears. Jet engines power the airplane, so click on No. 23. The sixth question, Does the vehicle normally move on wheels?, now appears. Jet planes have wheels, but they are not normally used in flight, so click No. 24. The seventh question, Does the vehicle move on steel wheels?, now appears. Trains not planes have steel wheels, so click on No. 25. The eighth question, Does someone steer the vehicle?, now appears. A jet plane is controlled by a pilot, so click on Yes. 26. Notice now that the second line no longer displays Jet Plane but Diesel Bus. Now you must answer the eight questions with a diesel bus in mind. A diesel bus does not fly or float, so click on No for the first question. 27. Diesel buses sometimes have seat belts, so click on Maybe in response to the second question. 28. Diesel buses have rubber wheels, so click on Yes in response to the third question. 29. You travel on roads in a diesel bus, so click on Yes in answer to the fourth question. 30. Wind does not drive a diesel bus, so click on No for the fifth question. 31. Buses roll on wheels, so click on Yes. 32. Trains, not buses, have steel wheels, so click on No. 33. The bus driver is in complete command of a bus, so click on Yes. 34. Notice how the second line no longer displays Diesel Bus but Sailboat? Time to answer the eight questions with reference to a sailboat. Sailboats do not run well on dry ground, so click on Yes. 35. There are normally no seat belts in sailboats, so click on No. Module Guide 11

18 36. The second question, Do you travel on rubber wheels?, was created with a diesel bus in mind, so click on No. 37. A sailboat could be hauled on a trailer, but that isn't the normal way a boat is used, so click on No in response to the fourth question. 38. A sailboat definitely needs wind to move, so click on Yes. 39. A sailboat is not a wheeled vehicle, so click on No. 40. Sailboats are not trains, so click on No. 41. Sailboats do indeed have a captain or pilot who steers the boat, so click on Yes. 42. Notice now that the second line no longer displays Sailboat but Passenger Train. You will now answer the eight questions with a passenger train in mind. A train does not float or fly, so click on No. 43. Passenger trains do not have seat belts, so click on No. 44. Passenger trains do not have rubber wheels, so click on No. 45. Passenger trains need tracks, so click on No. 46. Passenger trains are pulled by engines, so click on No. 47. Passenger trains are wheeled vehicles, so click on Yes. 48. Trains use steel wheels on steel rails, so click on Yes. 49. Trains follow the track, so click on No. You have now answered all of the questions with every possible outcome in mind. The Answers window disappeared, and you can now see that the question in the Questions window are active (they are black instead of gray). You may scroll down to see all the questions. 50. Now is the time for you to save the data that makes up your expert system. Click on File and then Save As. 51. In the file name box, type "TRAVEL.VXP" as the name of your file. Then click on Save. 12 Module Guide

19 52. This expert system is now ready to be used. You can try it out now. Pretend you are an alien who has just landed on Earth. You land in an ocean-side city and come across a vehicle, but you don't know what kind it is. You see the vehicle receive passengers, then let out a loud roar as it accelerates down a road. You jump back into your spaceship. To identify what kind of vehicle you just saw, you go to the expert system onboard your ship's computer. Based on the scenario just presented, answer the questions in the Visual Expert. 53. Remember, to answer the questions, click on them until the answer you want appears. Was diesel bus your result? You probably guessed that the vehicle was a diesel bus just from the description. That's because your human brain works so efficiently, pulling information into the conscious mind when it is called for. But an alien who never saw or heard a bus before might have need of the expert system you just created. 54. When you are finished, select File and then Exit. Go to the next section in the presentation. Module Guide 13

20 Lesson 5, Line Path Activity Cye should be at Home Base. If it is not, see your instructor before starting the activity. 1. Click on the Application Launch button and select the Map & Zap software. 2. Click on Load Old. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in the C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Double-click on the HOMEBASE file. This file has been created to establish a Home Base for Cye. 3. You are now going to layout on the screen the precise route that you want Cye to take by using the Line Path tool. The Line Path is a connect-the-dots path Cye can follow. 4. Select the Line Path tool on the Map Tools toolbar. Click once with the mouse at the location of the start of the new line path. Move your mouse to the location of the next elbow of the path. Click once to set the point. Repeat this as many times as needed. When you reach the end of the line path, double-click. A window appears asking you to name your Line Path. 5. Enter a name for your Line Path. Click on OK. 6. To return to robot navigation mode, click on the Drag Robot button on the Robot Tools toolbar. 7. If Cye gets lost, pick up Cye and place it on the charger. Click on the end of the Line Path you just created and Cye will move the entire length of the path. 14 Module Guide

21 8. Try adding a Line Path to your map that you created in the previous Lesson. Open the Map & Zap file you saved in Lesson 4 by selecting File and then Open. You will be asked to save the changes you just made, select No. When you are finished adding a Line Path to your Lesson 4 map, save your work by selecting File and then Save As. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Enter the filename as your initialslesson #. Send Cye home and exit the software. Go to the next section in the presentation. Module Guide 15

22 Lesson 6, Cartesian & Polar Coordinates Activity Cye should be at Home Base. If it is not, see your instructor before starting the activity. 1. Click on the Application Launch button and select the Map & Zap software. 2. Click on Load Old. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in the C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Double-click on the HOMEBASE file. This file has been created to establish a Home Base for Cye. 3. Locate the robot s Home Base origin point. The intersection of the red crosshair s indicates point 0,0. 4. Click on View and then select Coordinate Movement. The Coordinate Movement dialog box appears. 5. You can manipulate the robot by entering distances in the X and Y boxes in the Cartesian Coordinates box, for example, X: -4, 0 Y: -8,0. Click the Go To button after you enter the distances. 6. Move Cye to several other locations using the Cartesian Coordinates. 7. Now click in the box next to Relative Coordinates. The red crosshairs moved to the intersection on top of the robot s current location. 8. Enter distances in the X and Y boxes in the Cartesian Coordinates box with the Relative Coordinates box checked. Move Cye to a position that is free of obstacles. Click on the Go To button. 9. Now manipulate the robot by inputting the desired angle and the desired distance in the Polar Coordinates box. Click on the Rotate To and Move Distance buttons. 10. Move Cye around the room using all of the coordinate systems. Continue to map the entire room parameter. Turn on the Bread Crumb Trail by first clicking on View and then on Map Objects and finally select Bread Crumb Trail. A checkmark now appears next to Bread Crumb Trail. The Bread Crumb Trail will create a colored line to display the robot s traveled path. The line will display arrows for direction and change color on occasion to distinguish tight paths. Drag the robot icon to see the trail that Cye travels. 11. When you are finished, turn the Bread Crumb Trail off by clicking on View and then on Map Objects and finally select Bread Crumb Trail. The checkmark is removed. When you are finished, send Cye home, exit the software (do not save changes) and go to the next section in the presentation. 16 Module Guide

23 Lesson 7, Remote Vision Activity Cye should be at Home Base. If it is not, see your instructor before starting the activity. 1. Click on the Application Launch button and select the Map & Zap software. 2. Make sure the camera is plugged in and installed. 3. Click on Load Old. Open the map you created and saved from Lesson # Click on the Live Video button on the Robot Tools toolbox. The Live display window appears. You ll notice a Snapshot button in the upper right corner and the Record Video button in the lower right corner of the window. 5. To control the image parameters, click on View and select Settings. Click on the Camera tab in the Settings dialog box. You can control the image parameters, such as the image size, frame rate, brightness, contrast, etc. from this dialog box. Click on Cancel. 6. Click in the Live display window and drive the robot by clicking and holding the mouse to drag the robot around. Clicking in the top half of the window moves the robot forward. Clicking in the bottom half of the window moves the robot backwards. Clicking in the left half of the window turns the robot to the left, and clicking in the right half turns the robot to the right. Module Guide 17

24 7. Using your map, click on several Check Points and Hot Points to have Cye navigate around the parameters of the area and watch the video of what the robot is observing. 8. To take a snap shot from the Live display window, click on the Snapshot button in the upper right corner of the window. A window will appear with the stored image. To record video click on the Record Video button in the lower right corner of the window. Click on the button again to stop recording. You will be asked where you want to save the movie. Save your movie and snap shots. 9. If the robot icon does not appear on the area of the screen you would like, select the Center Robot button on the Map Tools toolbar to move the view of robot to the middle of the screen. When you are finished, send Cye home and exit the software. Go to the next section in the presentation. 18 Module Guide

25 Advanced Level Lesson 2, Playing Hoyle Board Games 1. Click on Play Holye Board Games. If this is your first time playing Hoyle Board Games you will need to add your/your partner's name to the Sign In sheet. If your name is already on the player list just click on your/your partner's name and click on OK. (If a window appears asking you to choose characters, select Done). 2. On the main menu of Hoyle Board Games there are many different games pieces to choose from, select a game to play. 3. A Getting Started window appears. If you do not know how to play the game you selected, click on Rules. Read the rules and then play the game. Otherwise, click on the Play button. 4. When you have completed playing the game, exit the Hoyle Board Game by selecting File and then Exit Board Games. A window pops up asking you "are you sure you want to quit?" Click Yes. 5. Go to the next section in the presentation. Module Guide 19

26 Lesson 3, Reviewing The Map & Zap Environment Cye should be at Home Base. If it is not, see your instructor before starting the activity. 1. Click on the Application Launch button and select the Map & Zap software. 2. Click on Load Old. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in the C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Double-click on the HOMEBASE file. This file has been created to establish a Home Base for Cye. 3. Locate the Drag Robot icon in the upper left corner in the Robot Tools toolbar. This icon must be selected to move Cye on the screen. 4. You will see a bird s eye view of Cye and its surroundings on the screen. To navigate Cye, click, hold, and drag the robot icon. When you release the mouse, button Cye will stop. Both the real Cye on the floor and the robot icon on the screen will move. 5. Click on an area on the map to observe Cye move toward the selected point. You will notice that a white wake forms behind the robot icon on the screen. When Cye navigates through an area and learns that the space is not occupied, the map on the screen is painted white. When the robot encounters an obstacle, the corresponding space on the screen is painted black. Gray areas on the screen represent spaces that are unknown to Cye. 20 Module Guide

27 6. You will notice a yellow halo surrounding the robot icon. This represents Cyes uncertainty of the area. The further Cye travels from Home Base; the halo enlarges around the robot icon on the screen. 7. Begin to navigate Cye a round the room by dragging and driving the robot icon. Find the Speed Slide and change the rate the robot moves. Take notice to the map changing from gray (unknown) to white (free area) and to black (obstacle). 8. Once Cye has traveled for enough from the Home Base, and the uncertainty halo enlarges around the robot icon, it needs help in navigating around the room. You will now construct Check Points for Cye to orient itself. 9. Navigate Cye up to a wall and select the Check Point icon located on the Map Tools toolbar. The Create Check Point window appears. Enter an appropriate Check Point Name which bests describes that particular point. Then select the flooring style. If the wall has a corner, it will aid in a more precise orientation of the robot, however, it is not necessary. Select OK. 10. Now that the Check Point has been created, you can click on it and observe Cye driving to it. 11. Click on the Home Base icon on the map to send Cye home. Once Cye has found the Home Base, have it return to the Check Point. 12. When you are finished, send Cye back home. Module Guide 21

28 13. You will now create destinations by selecting the Hot Point icon from the Map Tools toolbar. By creating Hot Points, you can mark additional positions, stations, or areas of a room, without the assistance of a wall. After selecting the Hot Point icon, an X will appear with the cursor. You can then drag the X to mark any area of the map you want to make a destination for Cye to travel. 14. The Edit Hot Point Properties dialog box appears once the X has been placed on the map. Enter a name in the Hot Point Name box for the destination, i.e., entrance of room. Then select the Floor Type. Do not select the Number of Claps - you will do that later. Click on OK. 15. You will now see a green X and its label on the map. Click on the Hot Point you crated and you will see Cye go to the point and stop. If you click on the Home Base, Cye will go home. 16. You can create a Check Point, like you did in the previous lesson, and Cye can use the Hot Point, the Check Point, and the Home Base as destinations to travel to. Cye will automatically calculate the best path from its current location to the next selected location. If there are any Check Points between selected locations, Cye will use those to check his position. 22 Module Guide

29 17. Now you will create another Hot Point that will use the Sound Response sensor. Select the Hot Point icon and drag the X to mark an area of the map you want to make a destination. In the Edit Hot Point Properties dialog box, enter a name for the Hot Point, i.e., rear exit, 3 claps. The Number of Claps option is a Sound Response sensor which will associate that point with a specific number of claps. You can clap once for Cye s attention, then it will wait for 2 to 5 claps for an assigned point then calculate the best path the that particular Hot Point. Select the number of claps. Select the Floor Type and then click on OK. 18. Clap your hands once to get Cye s attention. Then clap your hands the number of claps you selected for the Hot Point. 19. If you want to move a Hot Point, click on the Relocate\Resize Objects button on the Map Tools toolbar. Place the tip of the arrow on the Hot Point and click on it to select it. The Hand arrow turns into a target pointer. Drag the target pointer on the Hot Point icon to its new location. Release the mouse. Move the target pointer off the Hot Point icon and it will return to the Hand arrow. Click the mouse to unselect the Hot Point. 20. When you are finished, send Cye home. 21. Save your program by selecting File and then Save As. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Enter the filename as your initialslesson#. Exit the software and go to the next section in the presentation Module Guide 23

30 Lesson 4, Making a Floor Plan Cye should be at Home Base. If it is not, see your instructor before starting the activity. 1. Click on the Application Launch button and select the Map & Zap software. 2. Click on Load Old. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in the C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Double-click on the HOMEBASE file. This file has been created to establish a Home Base for Cye. 3. You will create a floor plan of your classroom that has clear areas, obstacles, walls, doorways, destinations, Line Paths, places to avoid, Hot Points, and Check Points. 4. The first thing to do is to create dark areas to indicate the location and approximate dimensions of 2 of the 4 walls of the room. Locate the Drawing Tools toolbar and click on the Draw Rectangle tool. Using the black setting, draw a rectangle, extending the wall on which you have Home Base. Remember that each grid square represents 2 feet of floor space. 5. You now have to establish where the third wall is located. Move Cye towards the wall in your classroom opposite Home Base. Try to be 2 grid-squares away from the wall you are trying to mark on the floor plan. Make sure the robot icon and the Cye are facing the wall. 24 Module Guide

31 6. Click on the Check Point button on the Map Tools toolbar. When the Create Check Point dialog box appears on the screen, enter Check Point 1 in the correct box. If your Check Point wall has a corner, enter the requested information. Select OK. Cye should now move ahead until it hits the wall and establishes a Check Point. 7. Extend the wall in both directions using the Draw Rectangle tool. You now have 3 walls. 8. To create the 4 th wall, move the robot icon towards where you believe the fourth wall is located. Try to be 2 grid squares away from the wall you are trying to mark on the floor plan. 9. Make sure the robot icon and Cye are facing the wall. 10. Click on the Check Point button. When the Create Check Point dialog box appears on the screen, enter Check Point 2 in the correct box. If your Check Point wall has a corner, provide the required information. Select OK. Cye will now move ahead until it hits the wall. 11. Extend the wall in both directions using the Draw Rectangle tool. Make any adjustments that are necessary to the wall based on the Home Base. Module Guide 25

32 12. Now you will mark doorways, obstacles, and other features. Advance the robot icon to position directly in front of the place on your map that you think the doorway is located. 13. Click on the Draw Rectangle tool. Using the white setting, white-out the section of the wall corresponding to the doorway. Adjust the opening accordingly adding black or white areas using the Draw Rectangle tool if necessary. 14. Now you can begin to create obstacles for Cye. You need to outline the furniture that stands in the way of Cye moving freely. Use the following steps to draw obstacles: a. Position Cye as close as you can to one end or corner of an obstacle. b. Click on any drawing tool. Using the black setting, click at one endpoint of the obstacle. This will produce a click-mark (a small black square that will indicate on the screen the endpoint is located). Move the robot to another endpoint corner of the obstacle and click-mark this end or corner. Repeat until you have enough endpoints or corners to define the obstacle. You need only three for an obstruction in the form of a square or rectangle. 15. After the entire map has been constructed, begin to manipulate Cye by clicking on a variety of Check Points. 16. Save your program by selecting File and then Save As. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Enter the filename as your initialslesson#. 17. Send Cye home and exit the software. Go to the next section in the presentation. 26 Module Guide

33 Lesson 5, Creating an Expert System On your screen is the Visual Expert window. You need to load a data file into the system, just as you might load a document into a word processor program. 1. Click on File and Open. 2. Double-click on ATHLETE2.VXP, or click on it once and then select Open. 3. You have just loaded a very simple expert system that helps to identify athletes. Look at the Topic box at the top of the window. This box indicates that the topic of this expert system is Athletes. Suppose you know a little bit about sports, but you are unable to identify one type of athlete from another. This simple expert system allows you to identify either a baseball player, a basketball player, a football player, or a tennis player based on your answers to the questions in the Questions box at the bottom of the window. The Possible Outcomes box indicates these four possibilities. The percentages next to each possible outcome, presently all at 0.0%, change based on your answers to the questions in the Questions box. (You may scroll down through the questions to read each one.) The Result box shows the possible outcomes, but as you answer the questions in the Questions box, the result will change based on your answers. Right now, all four possible outcomes are shown in the Result box. Pretend you are watching a sporting event on television and you want to identify what type of game it is by identifying the players. Remember, you know a little bit about sports, but not enough to know what types of players are playing the game. To identify the players, you need to answer the questions in the Question box. 4. To answer the first question, click on it. The question becomes highlighted, and the word Yes appears next to it. Notice that when you clicked on the question, the percentages in the Possible Outcomes box changed and the result in the Result box changed. The percentages indicate the percentage of possibility that a particular outcome is the result. They are based on your answers to the questions. For example, with only one question answered and with the answer being Yes, there is a 50% chance that the players you are "watching" are basketball players and a 50% chance that they are tennis players. Every time you answer a question or change an answer, these percentages and the result will change accordingly. Module Guide 27

34 5. Do the athletes wear sneakers? Let's say they all have cleats on, so click on the question until you see the word No appear. (Other choices are Yes or Maybe. If you miss the answer that you want, just keep clicking and the cycle of answers will repeat. Try it if you want, but make sure you use No as your final answer.) 6. Let's say you see one player wears protective items. Click on the next question so that Yes appears next to it. 7. Now pretend that you see one of the players throwing a ball, and then you see another player hit the ball with a long object. Answer Yes to the next two questions. 8. You "noticed" before that the players were all wearing cleats, so click on the next question so that Yes appears. 9. Suppose you don't see any of the players dunking or dribbling a ball. Answer No to the next two questions. 10. Pretend that none of the players serve a ball or run with a ball. Answer No to the last two questions. 11. Well, you have answered all the questions. What does the expert system tell you? Look at the result in the Result box. The expert system tells you that you have been watching a group of baseball players engaged in a baseball game. 12. Now it's time for you to play a game with your partner. No, not a baseball game! Have your partner choose one of the four possible outcomes and write his or her choice down on a sheet of scrap paper without showing you. Then ask your partner the questions in the Questions box and select his or her answers in Visual Expert. After you have asked and answered all the questions, look at the result and compare it to the choice written on the scrap paper. They should be the same (as long as your partner answered the questions truthfully, of course). 13. If time permits, you choose one of the four possible outcomes, write it down, and have your partner ask you the questions. Again, the expert system's result should show what you have written on the piece of paper. 14. When you are finished, click on File and then Exit. Go to the next section in the presentation. 28 Module Guide

35 Lesson 5, Programming the Robot Cye should be at Home Base. If it is not, see your instructor before starting the activity. 1. Click on the Application Launch button and select the Map & Zap software. 2. Click on Load Old. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in the C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Double-click on the HOMEBASE file. This file has been created to establish a Home Base for Cye. 3. Locate the Zap! Control toolbar. Click on the Show Zap Window icon. The Zap window appears. Module Guide 29

36 4. There is a palette of tasks at the top of the Zap window. The tasks are inserted between the Start program panel and the Stop program panel by dragging the selected icon from the palette into the list. Once you have inserted the task, you can change its settings. When you drag the task into the list, the arrows in the list will turn red to help you see where the task will be inserted. When you release the mouse, the task will be displayed in the program list in the desired location. 5. Before you can create a Zap program, you have to define the map. For example, you must create the check points, hot points, or line paths. Exit the Zap window by selecting File and then Exit to return to the Map-N-Zap screen. 30 Module Guide

37 6. For this activity, you will need to create 2 check points, 2 hot points, and 1 line path. Do you remember how to do this? To create a check point, first navigate Cye up to a wall and select the Check Point icon located on the Map Tools toolbar. 7. The Create Check Point window appears. Enter an appropriate Check Point Name which bests describes that particular point. Then select the flooring style. If the wall has a corner, it will aid in a more precise orientation of the robot, however, it is not necessary. Select OK. A Measuring Carpet Density dialog box may appear, select OK. Do this again to create another check point. 8. To create a hot point, navigate Cye to the desired destination and select the Hot Point icon from the Map Tools toolbar. By creating Hot Points, you can mark additional positions, stations, or areas of a room, without the assistance of a wall. After selecting the Hot Point icon, an X will appear with the cursor. You can then drag the X to mark any area of the map you want to make a destination for Cye to travel. Module Guide 31

38 9. The Edit Hot Point Properties dialog box appears once the X has been placed on the map. Enter a name in the Hot Point Name box for the destination, i.e., entrance of room. Then select the Floor Type. Do not select the Number of Claps - you will do that later. Click on OK. Repeat this process and create another hot point. 10. To create a line path, select the Line Path tool on the Map Tools toolbar. Click once with the mouse at the location of the start of the new line path. Move your mouse to the location of the next elbow of the path. Click once to set the point. Repeat this as many times as needed. When you reach the end of the line path, double-click. A window appears asking you to name your Line Path. 11. Enter a name for your Line Path. Click on OK. 12. Using the hotpoint, checkpoint, line path, and stop tasks, complete a program that will manipulate Cye around the room by leaving the Home Base and traveling to 2 Check Points, 2 Hot Points, and 1 Line Path. You must provide the name of the points and paths that you created for each task panel in the program. 13. Save your program by selecting File and then Save. Make sure you are in the Map- N-Zap folder. This folder is in C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Save the program as LESSON# your initials. Then select File and then Exit to return to the Map-N-Zap screen. Send Cye Home. 14. To run your program, first select it from the Zap!Control toolbar by clicking on the down arrow. Then click on the Play Zap icon. 15. When you are finished, send Cye Home and exit the software. Go to the next section in the presentation. 32 Module Guide

39 Lesson 6, Creating Your Own Expert System 1. Click on File and then New. Click on Process, and then click on Topic. The Enter Topic window appears. You will create an expert system on mammals, so type "Mammals" and press Enter (or click on OK). 2. Look at the Topic box. The word appears exactly as you type it. If you notice a mistake, call up the Enter Topic window again (by clicking on Process and then Topic) and correct it. 3. Now you need to enter your possible outcomes. Again click on Process, then click on Outcomes. The Outcomes window appears. Since you want to keep this expert system simple, you will enter only four possible outcomes. In a more complex system, there could be many possible outcomes. To add the first possible outcome, type "Dog" and either press Enter or click on Add. 4. Type "Horse" and press Enter or click on Add. 5. Type "Lion" and press Enter or click on Add. 6. Type "Rat" and press Enter or click on Add. 7. If you made a mistake in typing and didn't notice it until after you pressed Enter or clicked on Add, click on the outcome so that it is highlighted, and then click on Delete. Type in the outcome (make sure you spell it right this time), and press Enter or click on Add. 8. When you are finished entering your four possible outcomes, click on OK. You will see exactly what you typed in the Outcomes box. (If, at this point, you notice a mistake, call up the enter Outcomes window again and fix it by following the step above. However, you must have the four outcomes in the sequence listed above since windows steps that follow are based upon that order.) Now you are ready to enter your questions. The questions are given to you in this activity, but when you create your own expert system in the next section, you will have to create your own questions. For now, you will enter eight given questions, two about each vehicle listed in the Possible Outcomes window. Remember, this is a very simple system. More complicated expert systems could have hundreds or even thousands of questions to help a user pinpoint the solution to a problem. 9. Click on Process and then Questions. The Questions window appears. Type "Can the mammal be a house pet?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this questions was created with a dog in mind. Module Guide 33

40 10. Type "Does the mammal bark?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this question was also created with a dog in mind. 11. Type "Does the mammal have a mane?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this question was created with a horse in mind. 12. Type "Can you ride the mammal?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this question also was created with a horse in mind. 13. Type "Does the mammal roar?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this question was created with a lion in mind. 14. Type "Is the mammal a member of the cat family?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this question was also created with a lion in mind. 15. Type "Is the mammal a rodent?" and press Enter or click on Add. Notice that this question was created with a rat in mind. 16. Type "Does the mammal have whiskers?" and press Enter or click on Add. 17. Check your spelling and correct any mistakes by using the Delete button and then retyping the question. When you have finished entering the eight questions, click on OK. All of the questions now appear in the Questions box, but they are not active. To make them active, you need to add the knowledge of the knowledge engineer, you. How? By answering the questions! 18. To answer the questions, click on Process, then click on Answers. The Answers window appears. The first line shows your topic, which is Mammals. The second line shows your first possible outcome, Dog. The third line shows the first question, Can the mammal be a house pet? A dog can be a house pet, so click on Yes. 19. The enter Answers window will stay up as long as there are questions for you to answer. The first line, Mammals, will remain the same throughout. The second line, Dog, will remain the same until you have answered all eight questions with a dog in mind. The third line now shows the second question, Does the mammal bark? A dog does indeed bark, so click on Yes. 20. The third question, Does the mammal have a mane?, now appears. A dog does not have a mane, so click on No. 34 Module Guide

41 21. The fourth question, Can you ride the mammal?, now appears. While it is possible that you can try to ride a very big dog, it is not likely that a dog would be ridden, so click on No. Do you see where the knowledge of the engineer comes into play in answering these questions? 22. The fifth question, Does the mammal road?, now appears. Dogs do not roar, so click on No. 23. The sixth question, Is the mammal a member of the cat family?, now appears. Dogs are not members of the cat family, so click No. 24. The seventh question, Is the mammal a rodent?, now appears. A dog is not a rodent, so click on No. 25. Finally, the last question, Does the mammal have whiskers?, appears. Even though this question was created in reference to a rat (two questions per mammal, remember?), a dog does have whiskers, so click on Yes. 26. Notice now that the second line no longer displays Dog but Horse. Now you must answer the eight questions with a horse in mind. A horse can be a pet, but it is not a house pet, so click on No for the first question. 27. Horses do not bark, so click on No in response to the second question. 28. Horses have manes, so click on Yes for the third question. 29. You can ride a horse, so click on Yes in answer to the fourth question. 30. Horses do not roar, so click on No for the fifth question. 31. Horses are not members of the cat family, so click on No. 32. Horses are not rodents, so click on No. 33. Horses do not have whiskers, so click on Yes. 34. Notice now that the second line no longer displays Horse but Lion. Time to answer the eight questions with reference to a lion. Lions do not make good house pets, so click on No. 35. Lions do not bark, so click on No. Module Guide 35

42 36. Although the third question, Does the mammal have a mane?, was created with a horse in mind, lions do indeed have manes, so click on Yes. 37. An expert circus performer might ride a lion, even though most people would not, so click on Maybe in response to the fourth question. 38. A lion definitely roars, so click on Yes. 39. A lion is a member of the cat family, so click on Yes. 40. Lions are not rodents, so click on No. 41. Although the eighth question, Does the mammal have whiskers?, was created with a rat in mind, lions do indeed have whiskers, so click on Yes. 42. Notice now that the second line no longer displays Lion but Rat. You will now answer the eight questions with a rat in mind. It is very uncommon, but some people might have a rat as a house pet, so click on Maybe. 43. Rats do not bark, so click on No. 44. Rats don't have manes, so click on No. 45. No one can ride a rat, so click on No. 46. Rats don't roar, so click on No. 47. Rats aren't cats, so click on No. 48. Rats are rodents, so click on Yes. 49. Rats do have whiskers, so click on Yes. You have now answered all of the questions with every possible outcome in mind. The Answers window disappeared, and you can now see that the questions in the Questions window are active (they are black instead of gray). 50. Now it is time for you to save the data that makes up your expert system. Click on File and then Save As. 51. In the File name box, type "MAMMALS.VXP" as the name of your file. Then click on Save. 36 Module Guide

43 52. This expert system is now ready to be used. You can try it out now. Pretend you are an alien again. You land in a jungle and come across a sleeping mammal, but you don't know what kind of mammal it is. You see the mammal stand up and run toward you, letting out a loud roar as it does so. You get a closer look at the mammal, maybe too close for your liking, so you jump back into your spaceship. The mammal settles back down to sleep under a tree. To identify what kind of mammal you just saw, you go to the expert system onboard your ship's computer. Based on the scenario just presented, answer the questions in the Visual Expert. Was Lion your result? You probably guessed that the mammal was a lion just from the description. That's because your human brain works so efficiently, pulling information into the conscious mind when it is called for. But an alien who never saw or heard a lion before might have need of the expert system you just created. In the last section, you were given step-by-step instructions on how to create a simple expert system on mammals. In this section, you can build your own expert system in any area where you feel you have a reasonable degree of knowledge. After all, you will be the knowledge engineer now. Keep your expert system simple. Use only four possible outcomes, and limit the number of your questions to ten. Create at least two questions for each possible outcome (so you will have from eight to ten questions). Use the following steps as a general guide to help you in creating your expert system. 1. Click on File, then New. 2. Click on Process to enter your Topic, Possible Outcomes (limit to four), Questions (between eight and ten), and Answers. 3. Save your system by using the file name MYSYSTEM.VXP. If this file name already exists, select Yes to replace the existing file. 4. Try using your expert system. 5. When you are finished, click on File and then Exit. Go to the next section in this Module Guide, Creating a Timing Program. Module Guide 37

44 Lesson 6, Creating a Timing Program 1. Click on Load Old. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in the C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Double-click on the HOMEBASE file. This file has been created to establish a Home Base for Cye. 2. Using the Line Path tool, create a Line Path that is 2 grid spaces in length. Double click to end the line. Name the Line Path and click OK. Place a Start Line and Finish Line at the beginning and end of the Line. 3. Click on the Drag Robot icon. 4. You are ready to time a path. Ask your instructor for the Timing Program Results worksheet if it is not at your workstation. To start the timers, drag the robot icon over the start line. Click on the Line Path to time Cye. Record your results on the Timing Program Results worksheet. Change the speed of Cye by dragging the ball in the Speed Control tool and repeat. Record your results. 5. If you have time, try this: using the Start and Finish Lines and your problem solving skills, construct a Zap program that will move Cye around the room and return it back to the Home Base in the quickest amount of time. Change the speed to improve time and accuracy. Record your trials on the Timing Program Results worksheet. 6. When you are finished, save your program by selecting File and then Save As. Make sure you are in the Map-N-Zap folder. This folder is in C:\Program Files\ERC, Inc directory. Enter the filename as your initialslesson#. 7. Send Cye Home. Exit the software and go to the next section in the presentation. 38 Module Guide