What is Smart Cards? Korea Smart Card Co. Jae Gwan Park 0/83
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1 What is Smart Cards? Korea Smart Card Co. Jae Gwan Park 0/83
2 1. What is a smart card? Exploded view of a Smart Card Architecture of a Smart Card Memory Cards Microprocessor Cards Contactless Cards 1/83
3 1. What is a smart card? Exploded view of a Smart Card Integrated Circuit Free Access Memory Protected Memory Microprocessor Plastic Card ABS, PVC, Polycarbonate Hologram Brand Stamp Mag. Stripe Micro Module 8 or 6 Contacts Chip with ante nna Contact Smart Card Contactless Smart Card 2/83
4 1. What is a smart card? Exploded view of a Smart Card Physical Architecture IC Chip CARD BODY (Front) CARD BODY (Back) C1 C2 C5 C6 C1: VCC( 전압공급 ) C5: GND( 접지 ) C2: RST( 리셋신호 ) C6: Reserved Module (Contacts) Chip Antenna Module Chip C3 C4 C7 C8 C3: CLK( 클럭신호 ) C7: I/O( 입출력 ) C4: Reserved C8: Reserved contact adhesive surface foil Microprocess or (Chip) wire bond epo xy Bonding Pads I/O CPU NPU RAM Antenna Coil empty space gluing card body surface Address Data Bus EEPROM ROM Charge Pump Bonding Pads 3/83
5 1. What is a smart card? Contact Smart Card Standards ISO : Physical characteristics ISO : Dimension & location of contacts ISO : Electronic signal & transmission protocol ISO : Interindustry commands ISO : Resistration system for application in IC card ISO : Interindustry data elements ISO : Interindustry commands for Structured Card Query Languge(SCQL) ISO : Security architecture and related commands 4/83
6 1. What is a smart card? Contact Smart Card Standards ISO 7816 Standards ISO Electrical signals The Very Big Bank ISO Dimensions and physical constraints ISO Communication protocole Rich Wealthy NET ISO Memory management and inter industry commands 5/83
7 1. What is a smart card? Memory Card Architecture Free Access Memory card Wired Logic: Addressing EEPROM : Application Data a Memory Card can be compared to a Floppy disk... 6/83
8 1. What is a smart card? Memory Card Architecture Protected Memory Card Wired Logic : Addressing, Security EPROM Security Info. Fuses EEPROM, Application Data Wired Logic : Addressing, Security EPROM : Security Info. Fuses Wired Logic Addressing, Security EPROM Security Info. Fuses Keys EEPROM : Abaccus counter EEPROM, Application Data 7/83
9 1. What is a smart card? Microprocessor Card Architecture Clock Reset Input / Output EEPROM, Application Memory ROM, Operating system ROM : Operating Syste m EEPROM : Application Mem ory CPU RAM : Scratch Pad a microprocessor card can be compared to a computer!! 8/83
10 1. What is a smart card? Processing unit : CPU CPU 6805/8051/H8/RISC 8 bits/16 bits/32 bits 3,57 / 5Mhz 5 / 3Volts 9/83
11 1. What is a smart card? Volatile memory : RAM RAM = Random Access Memory 128 up to 2 K bytes (Stack included) Scratch pad Checked and reseted after reset 10/83
12 1. What is a smart card? Non Volatile memories EEPROM, Application Memory ROM, Operating system ROM (Read Only Memory) EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Progr amable Read Only Memory) 11/83
13 1. What is a smart card? ROM EEPROM, Application Memory ROM, Operating system Operating System I/O protocol Chip handler External commands Memory management Authentication algorith ms 6 up to 56k bytes 12/83
14 1. What is a smart card? EEPROM Application memory Specific file architecture Data informations Softmask Data OS 1 up to 64 K bytes 13/83
15 1. What is a smart card? Security componet Light Temperature Passivation Clock Vcc 14/83
16 1. What is a smart card? Contactless Cards Integrated Circuits o Power circuit o Analog I/O circuit o Data storage and processing Smart Transportation Authority City Dweller Plastic Card Smart Transportation Authority City Dweller Power transm ission coil Data transmission coil or plates 15/83
17 2. How does a smart card work? Main Functions of a Smart Card Smart card functions Mechanical strength Data security Data storage Data processing 16/83
18 2. How does a smart card work? Functions of a Smart Card 1-Token card Read / write / erease data in memory Protect data (ex: serial number storage) Process certificates: Authentication,... Count units : Abaccos 2- Microprocessor cards Read / write / erease data Identify the card: component,... Manage Memory Manage Files (PC): multi-aplication cards,... Protect data (ex: secret key storage ) Encrypt data( ex: financial transactions ) Authenticate ( ex : card owner with PIN) 17/83
19 I/O logic 2. How does a smart card work? Read and Write in a token Card READER CARD Electronics + Connector Power, Clock RAZ Messages X select Y selec t 18/83
20 3. Manufacturing Process Manufacturing Plastic Cards Modules Embedding & Test Personalization 19/83
21 3. Manufacturing Process Card Body ABS / ABS modified PVC Polycarbonate Hologram Brand Stamp Magnetic stripe Printing 20/83
22 3. Manufacturing Process Micro module 8 or 6 contacts 1. Vcc 2. Reset 3. Clock 4. (Optional) 5. Ground 6. (optional) 7. Input/Output 8. (optional) Metal:Tungsten, Gold 21/83
23 3. Manufacturing Process Plastic Card Printing Graphic data (Films, disk, syquest...) Plastic sheet: PVC Sky High Transit Sky High Transit Sky High Transit Sky High Transit Sky High Transit Punching Sheet Printing 22/83
24 3. Manufacturing Process Module Assembly Process Wafer Probing Dicing Die Motorola, Atmel Texas Instruments SGS Thomson Siemens, Hitachi Bonding Module Coating 23/83
25 3. Manufacturing Process Embedding & Test 1.Punch or mold 2. Mill Sky High Transit 3. Insert Super Glue 4. Test - Serialize 5. Personalize 1234 Sky High Credit 1234 Sky High Transit John Doe - Exp 13/999 24/83
26 3. Manufacturing Process Personalization Process Bank card (mp+magstripe) Personalization Process Personal ID mailing Customer ID file Black box Mag tape Stripe Card Mag tape Sm art Card Embossing Encoding Microprocessor car d encoding Final Inspec tion and ship ping 25/83
27 3. Manufacturing Process Industrial Actors Main industrial actors in the smart card environment Chip manufacturer Motorola, Siemens... Printer Embedder Card supplier Card issuer: Bank, Telecom,.. Terminal manufacturer, Verifone, L&G,... Processor Card Owner Service Provider, FDR 26/83
28 4. Applications of the smart card Industrial Actors Benefits of the Smart Card Cards technology features Applications Exemple of Applications Architectures 27/83
29 4. Applications of the smart card Why a smart card? Portable and mobile: identify the owner Convenient and flexible Protected and secure Good mechanical strength Proven technology with good reliability Can store and process data (personal, digital certificates,..) Cost effective Branded Innovative 28/83
30 4. Applications of the smart card Applications Electronic Commerce Ultra Mall Rewards Loyalty Electronic Purse The Very Big Bank NET Rich Wealthy Credit/ Debit Pay TV Health Ca re Access control network security Access Control Payphones Parking Ticketless Tr aveling Digital Cell. Phones Mass Transit 29/83
31 4. Applications of the smart card Smart card in Retail E - Commerce 30/83
32 4. Applications of the smart card Smart Cards in Pay TV Pay TV Image Scrambling Set up box Emission Center Access rights Scrambling Keys Pay TV 31/83
33 4. Applications of the smart card Smart Card in Mobile Phones Banking, Trading & Shopping GSM SMS Centre OTAC NetGate Banking server Web server Internet Back Office 32/83
34 4. Applications of the smart card Smart Cards in Network Security Handshake Exchange Public Keys & Challenges E-Travel A: Joe Traveler B: Global-Travel Agency A Private Key B Private Key CryptoFlex A Public Key B Public Key CryptoFlex B Public Key A Public Key blablabla blablabla B Challenge 33/83
35 4. Applications of the smart card Smart cards in Health The French Health Care System Dr Smith 1 Prescription Payment 2 Mr. Martin 6 3 Professional Mr. Martin 4 5 Social Security CNAM 34/83 Page 34/43
36 ? 35/83
37 II. Smart Cards Attack From ICTK Attack to be considered Attack Category Chip Evaluation Assurance gained by Card Evaluation 1 Minimal Invasive or Non-Invasive Physical Attacks X 2 Physical Attacks to Retrieve Secret Data Hardware Evaluation X 3 Overcoming Sensors, Switches and Filters X 4 Perturbation Attacks Perturbation X X 5 Retrieving keys with DFA Analysis X X 6 SPA/DPA Non-invasive retrieving of secret data Side-channel X X 7 EMA and Sound Attacks Analysis X X 8 Exploitation of Hardware Test Interfaces (JTAG) X 9 Attacks on RNG X 10 Software Attacks X 11 Information gathering X 12 Editing Messages X 13 Direct protocol attacks Software Evaluation X 14 Man-in-the-middle attacks X 15 Replay attacks X 16 Buffer overflow or stack overflow X 36/83
38 Chip Fabrication 37/83
39 Finished wafer 38/83
40 Micro module etching 39/83
41 Automatic etcher 40/83
42 Result of etching process 41/83
43 Silicon Inspection 42/83
44 Reverse engineering 43/83
45 Lay-out plots 44/83
46 IR picture from back 45/83
47 Metal mask ROM 46/83
48 Ion implant ROM after staining 47/83
49 Automated ROM scanning set-up 48/83
50 Sub micron probe station 49/83
51 Probing with eight needles 50/83
52 Probing set-up 51/83
53 Scanning Electron Microscope 52/83
54 SEM: view mode 53/83
55 SEM imaging 54/83
56 Focused Ion Beam systems (FIB) 55/83
57 FIB milling mode 56/83
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