Computer Architecture Programming Languages and Operating System

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1 Computer Architecture Programming Languages and Operating System Tassadaq Hussain Riphah International University Islamabad Pakistan Microsoft Barcelona Supercomputing Center Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya Barcelona, Spain

2 Short Intro PhD BarcelonaTech Barcelona 2014 Masters ISEP Paris 2009 B.Sc. (Electrical Engineering), RIU Islamabad 2005

3 A Generic System

4 Basic Requirements Hardware Architecture Software Application Resource Management

5 Hardware Architecture Processors Buses Memories 5

6 Functional units of a computer Arithmetic and logic unit(alu): Performs the desired operations on the input information as determined by instructions in the memory Input unit accepts information: Human operators, Electromechanical devices Other computers Memory Input Instr1 Instr2 Instr3 Data1 Data2 Output I/O Output unit sends results of processing: To a monitor display, To a printer Stores information: Instructions, Data Arithmetic & Logic Control Processor Control unit coordinates various actions Input, Output Processing 6

7 void main () Prog{Mem } Data Mem Local Bus Processor External Bus Main Memory Dedicated Hardware GPIOs Analog World

8 Basic introduction of Microprocessor Function Inputs A Input B Output 0 A B A+B 1 A B A-B 8

9 Processor: Performance Improvement Instruction Level Parallelism Task Level Parallelism Data Level Parallelism 9

10 Speed and Performance Fetch Decode Execute Fetch Decode 10 E x e c u t e

11 Processor Architectures Single Instruction Single Data (SISD) Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) Multiple Instruction Single Data (MISD) Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) 11

12 Performance Improvement Bit Parallelism LevelLevel Parallelism atparallelism Multi Function Level Thread 12

13 Uni-core, Multi-core CPUs, Clusters, and Grid Computing Interconnection Network 13

14 Grid Computing 14

15 Memories 15

System on Chip Computer Architecture A system on a chip or system on chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit (IC) that integrates all components of a computer or

16 System on Chip Computer Architecture A system on a chip or system on chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit (IC) that integrates all components of a computer or other electronic system into a single chip. It may contain digital, analog, mixed-signal, and often radio-frequency functions all on a single chip substrate.

17 The hardware system architecture of an embedded SoC (simplified)

18 Basic System on Chip Architecture

19 General architecture of today's embedded core-based system-on-a-chip

20 Programming Languages Provides a set of grammatical rules (function calls) for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks.

21 Operating System An operating system (OS) manages computer hardware and software resources. It includes: 1) Task manager 2) Memory manager 3) Device manager 4) File manager 5) Network manager

22 Operating System: Blocks

23 Hardware Architecture

24 A general hardware-software codesign methodology

25 Forces on Computer Architecture Technology Programming Languages Applications Computer Architecture Operating Systems Idea/Problem History

26 Introduction to Programming #include "stdio.h" int main() { printf("welcome to RIU"); return 0; }

27 Single Board Open source System

28 Evaluation Marks C/C++ Compiler installation (2) Programming, write problems discussed in classroom (5) Write a new application and learn more (3)

RISC Processors and Parallel Processing. Section and 3.3.6

RISC Processors and Parallel Processing Section 3.3.5 and 3.3.6 The Control Unit When a program is being executed it is actually the CPU receiving and executing a sequence of machine code instructions.