Cooperative Wireless Networking. Frank H.P. Fitzek Aalborg University

Transcription

1 Cooperative Wireless Networking Frank H.P. Fitzek Aalborg University

2 summary Cooperation is known as an effective strategy in nature to achieve individual or common goals by forming cooperative groups. As the cross over between nature and engineering has always been fruitful, this lecture is introducing cooperative concepts for wireless networks advocating mobile devices to cluster in a peer to peer fashion. In three lectures cooperation is advocated to overcome the most critical problems in mobile communication known as energy consumption, security, and higher data rates. The first lecture will introduce the main rules for cooperation. Whether to cooperate or act autonomously has to be decided by each mobile devices individually. Following the rule "The real egoistic behavior is to cooperate", mutual aid among mobile devices will be applied if and only if it is beneficial for all group members. The second lecture is presenting cooperation concepts at the different protocol layers from applications to the physical layer. In the last lecture topics such as social mobile networks, game theory and genetic programming are presented.

3 Co-workers VTT, Research Center of Finland Marcos Katz Aalborg Unviersity Morten V. Pedersen Janus Heide Peter Vingelmann Peter Zanaty Karsten Fyhn Tatiana K. Madsen Leonardo Militano

4 Books F.H.P. Fitzekand M. Katz. Cooperation in Wireless Networks: Principles and Applications --Real Egoistic Behavior is to Cooperate! Springer. F.H.P. Fitzekand M. Katz. Cognitive Wireless Networks: Concepts, Methodologies and Visions Inspiring the Age of Enlightenment of Wireless Communications Springer. F.H.P. Fitzekand F. Reichert. Mobile Phone Programming and its Application to Wireless Networking Springer.

5 Overview Part I: Problems in mobile communication Energy and power consumption in mobile devices Wireless grids Cooperation in nature Cooperation strategies using evolutionary and game theory Cooperation in wireless networks

6 Overview Part II: From application to phy layer Cooperative localization Cooperative video services Cooperative web browsing Network coding Cooperative medium access Cooperative modulation Cooperative spectrum usage Cooperative task scheduling Cooperative beam forming Energy and power saving

7 Overview Part III: Application fields and tools Mobile P2P measurements Social mobile networks Game theory Cognitive wireless networks Genetic algorithm

8 Cooperative Wireless Networking PART I

9 INTRODUCTION TO THE MOBILE COMMUNICATION WORLD

10 wonderful world ;-) Agnostic slaves of the cellular network operators!

11 Mobile devices are battery driven Higher data rates are needed to support new services Technology is getting more complex Extra services: mp3, digital camera Wireless Air Interface (HSDPA, MIMO, etc) Form factor is decreasing to make even smaller device mobile networks

12 services

13 services 3GEvolution 2G 4G title

14 service dependencies title

15 power consumption

16 power consumption The 3G chipsets that are available to semiconductors work reasonably well except for power. They are real power hogs So as you know, the handset battery life used to be 5 6 hours for GSM, but when we got to 3G they got cut in half. Most 3G phones have battery lives of 2 3 hours. Steve Jobs is the co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Apple Inc, What he meant: Longer battery times allow the customer to download and enjoy more itunes ($$$) and I do not care if you wait some seconds more to download them!

17 power consumption Gordon Moore Niklaus E. Wirth Integrated circuits will double in performance every 24 months. Software gets slower faster than hardware gets faster....but the energy capacity is only doubling every 10 years!!!

18 power consumption 30 minutes charging for 3 US dollar Same amount of money to call 30 minutes from US to Europe (public phone box next to the charger)

19 another solution

20 4G designing rule How can we achieve these designing rules?

21 WIRELESS GRID CONCEPT

22 mobile device

23 Jini Technology

24 grid capabilities

25 capabilty extension

26 capabilty extension

27 capabilty extension

28 different forms of W-Grids

29 COOPERATION IN NATURE

30 definition Cooperation describes the act of individuals or group collaborating to achieve a common or even an individual goal by common or individual means under the constraint of their own egoistic behavior. Real egoistic behavior is to cooperate! K. Edwin title

31 darwin Book Origin of the Species Evolution is some kind of competition To have a large number of offsprings Rivalry of resources Cooperation has a central role in it

32 evolution Evolution is an optimization strategy based on Mutation/recombination Selection Solution found Slavery Cooperation

33 cooperation in nature Stand-alone: Cheetah Optimized on speed only It is the fastest of all land animals and can reach speeds of 120km/h. Evolutionary Trap While resting the cheetah risks a 50% chance of losing its catch to other predators, such as the lion, the leopard, the spotted hyena and baboons. Cooperation: Hyena Optimized to work together Hyenas live in very large clans between 10 and 100 members for cooperative hunting

34 cooperation in nature Cooperation: Vampire Bat Bats live in huge groups Hunt alone/blood suckers Need blood every 60 hours Able to share Sharing is based on cooperation but not on altruism Detection of cheaters is possible Reciprocity is the key Cooperation: Monkey Cooperation among monkeys with delayed benefit Delay depends on group status and ranking The more you help the more you get Tolerance in pay off

35 COOPERATION STRATEGIES USING EVOLUTIONARY AND GAME THEORY

36 cooperation strategies Robert Axelrod started a tournament of a two players game known as iterative prisoners dilemma in the early 80 s Player 1 cooperate defect Player 2 cooperate 3/3 0/5 defect 5/0 1/1

37 cooperation strategies Three different strategies Always defect Always cooperate Tit for Tat First move cooperate Repeat last move of the opponent Scenario 10 defect : 10 cooperate : 20 Tit for Tat NetLogo

38 cooperation strategies

39 cooperation strategies

40 COOPERATION FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS

41 monolithic approach

42 altruistic cooperation

43 non altruistic cooperation title

44 cooperation

45 By courtesy of Nokia! Nokia

46 system architecure

47 heterogenous cooperation

48 scenarios

49 CUI BONO?

50 4 dimension problem customer network operator mobile manufactures service provider

51 revenue

52 new market potential Market Potential planed create session intuitive join session Cooperation among users may increase the market potential of the network provider Higher potential by intuitive behavior of the customer Customer join ongoing sessions (mobiletv, gaming, etc)

53 example user application MTV ESPN CREATE SESSION JOIN SESSION OPTIONS News BitTorrent WarCraft (5) (7)

54 mobile device complexity

55 4 dimension problem Customer Energy savings Virtual Data Rate Low Service Cost Security Standby Time Service Money Security Network Provider Market penetration New services New B model Money Service Money Service Provider Manufacture Scalability New B model Low cost terminal Energy savings New market Money Money Money Standby time Money

56 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

57 wireless overview

58 short range technologies A major role in these new types of network are playing the short range technologies Current SR technologies are not designed to support mobile peer to peer, but are design as cable replacement New upcoming SR technologies ULP Bluetooth (formerly WiBree) UWB Bluetooth

59 short range technologies: UWB 200 MB/s (mega bits) data transfer rate lowest power per bit reuses Bluetooth ad-hoc connection model This allows synchronization of your "pictures" with your friends When combined with ULP you get: Fast Discovery of friends for no power, and very low power per bit when synching your pictures This is an automatic operation -no need for user interaction

60 short range technologies: ULP 3ms time from disconnected to "application data transfer" and back to disconnected again < 9 µa of current when "advertising Advertising allows devices to constantly "advertise their presence" -allowing other devices to find them quickly / efficiently This allows an "always on" model -while using no* power (* where no means about as much as the battery leakage current)

61 short range technologies

62 Contact