Minemax Tutorial. igantt Optimizer. for Underground

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1 Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for Underground Version: 4 Updated: May 2013 Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 1 of 24

2 COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2013 Copyright in this document is vested in Minemax Pty Ltd. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 2 of 24

3 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this tutorial is to demonstrate the use and the functionality of igantt Optimizer for short-term up to long-term detailed scheduling for Underground applications. 2.1 Prerequisites The prerequisite knowledge for this tutorial is an intermediate level of proficiency using igantt software to: Create an igantt project (attributes, activity types, calendars, report items and reports) Load visualization from strings and triangulated surfaces and format the 3D view Import and map activities Create precedences for activities 3.1 Scenario The scenario used for this tutorial is an underground project for scheduling of production activities (stoping and drifting) and development activities (access, ventilation, ramp) with locations within multiple levels. Back-filling activities that typically follow production activities for underground applications have not been considered in this scenario. The igantt Optimizer can be used for short-term scheduling on a monthly or a quarterly basis as well as for long-term scheduling on a yearly basis. In this project, we will develop a long term 9-year schedule to schedule the entire deposit by maximizing the profit while satisfying development and mining constraints. As a subsequent step, we will then assign a resource to development activities and level the resource using the Auto-scheduling module of igantt. The development activities have a constraint of 1,300 development metres annually. The total material mined has a fixed capacity of 80,000 tonnes annually. (The total tonnes used for demonstration purposes of this tutorial might not represent the typical values used in underground applications.) Apart from the standard location and physical attributes such as tonnes, development metres and grades, the revenue, mining, processing and development costs are modelled in this scenario. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 3 of 24

2. TUTORIAL STEPS 1. From your Windows Start menu, click All Programs igantt Tutorials Tutorial Files Optimizer Underground to navigate to the tutorial file demotutorial_igantt_optimizer_ug.igt.

4 2. TUTORIAL STEPS 1. From your Windows Start menu, click All Programs igantt Tutorials Tutorial Files Optimizer Underground to navigate to the tutorial file demotutorial_igantt_optimizer_ug.igt. Double-click on the file to load the project into igantt displaying activities, 3D visualization and the default report on a single screen. TIP: If you are a Windows 8 user, right-click the Windows Start screen to view the bottom bar with the All Apps icon. Click on the All Apps icon and then click Tutorial Files Optimizer Underground to navigate to the tutorial file demotutorial_igantt_optimizer_ug.igt. 2. Click the Project menu and then select Project Attributes to view attributes previously defined for this project. Click the OK button to exit. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 4 of 24

The Production activity group consists of Stoping and Drifting activity types.

5 3. Click the Project menu and then select Activity Types to view activity types previously defined. In this project, we have two activity groups defined. The Production activity group consists of Stoping and Drifting activity types. The Development activity group consists of Access, Ventilation and Ramp activity types. 4. Click the OK button to exit. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 5 of 24

5. Click the Project menu and then select Edit Project Calendar to view the current project calendar. The igantt Optimizer requires the default calendar 24 hours, 7 days with no non-default days. 6.

TIP: If a non-default project calendar is detected by igantt Optimizer, a warning message will appear with the option to remove all non-default days or times by clicking the Fix Schedule

6 5. Click the Project menu and then select Edit Project Calendar to view the current project calendar. The igantt Optimizer requires the default calendar 24 hours, 7 days with no non-default days. 6. Click the OK button to exit. TIP: If a non-default project calendar is detected by igantt Optimizer, a warning message will appear with the option to remove all non-default days or times by clicking the Fix Schedule Automatically button. 7. Click the Resources menu and then Edit Resources to view the Resources window. For this project, one development resource has been set up with the rate of 3.5 m/day. 8. Click the Close button to exit. 9. Click the Reports menu and then Define Reports to view details about the Summary report by selecting the Edit Report button. The Summary report includes summary items for Ore Tonnes, Au Grade, Waste Tonnes, Total Tonnes, Trucks and Financials per time period. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 6 of 24

for the optimization. 11.1. Click the Edit in Advanced Mode button. 11.2.

7 10. Click the OK button to exit. 11. Click the Optimizer menu, select Options and then click the Time Periods submenu to specify the time periods for the optimization Click the Edit in Advanced Mode button Change the start time to show 01/07/2013 and then enter the value 9 into the Number of Time Periods field. This will generate nine time periods. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 7 of 24

.1. Click the New button to add a new constraint.

8 12. Click the Constraints sub-menu to add constraints for our project. In this scenario, we will constrain the total tonnes and development metres Click the New button to add a new constraint. This will open up the Add Constraint window displaying the Details sub-menu. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 8 of 24

12.2. Type the name of the constraint Tonnes in the Name field and select the constrained attribute Tonnes from the drop-down menu. 12.3.

9 12.2. Type the name of the constraint Tonnes in the Name field and select the constrained attribute Tonnes from the drop-down menu Click the Activity Types sub-menu to select the activity type that will be constrained. Click the Production (PRD) activity on the left and move it across to the right area by clicking the > button. Then click the OK button. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 9 of 24

TIP: Use the Copy Row Forward button to copy the required value to all subsequent time periods. 12.5. Repeat steps 12.

10 12.4. This will create two entries for minimum and maximum tonne constraints per time period. Enter the maximum value of 80,000 tonnes into the time periods. TIP: Use the Copy Row Forward button to copy the required value to all subsequent time periods Repeat steps 12.1 to 12.4 to add the Dev Metres constraint to the grid. Select Dev_Metres for the constrained attribute and Development for the activity type. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 10 of 24

11 12.6. This will create two entries for minimum and maximum Dev Metres constraints per time period. Enter the maximum value of 1,300 hours into the time periods. 13. Click the Options sub-menu to select the optimization strategy from the three available options: Forward scheduling optimizes one period at a time, carrying results from one period forward to the subsequent period. This option provides a very fast result but doesn t guarantee finding the theoretically optimal schedule. Global scheduling considers all time periods together and can find the true optimal schedule. If a large number of blocks and time periods are used, global scheduling can be quite time consuming. Sliding window scheduling optimizes x time periods at once and then moves y time periods forward. The same process repeats in multiple interactions defined by the x + y combination where x represents a sliding window length value and y Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 11 of 24

represents a sliding window step value. This gives a balance of solution time and solution optimality. 13.1. Tick the Sliding window scheduling option. By default, the 2+1 option is selected.

12 represents a sliding window step value. This gives a balance of solution time and solution optimality Tick the Sliding window scheduling option. By default, the 2+1 option is selected. This means that two time periods are optimized at once. After completing an optimization phase, the result for the first time period is kept and the window is moved forward by one time period to optimize the next two time periods. This process repeats until the schedule for the last time period is found Confirm that the Reset rates to defaults option is ticked. This option will replace any manually added activity rates with the default rate which has been set for the activity type Confirm that the Adjust rates to fit periods option is ticked. If your target is not reached within the time period set while using the default rates, this option will increase the rate to ensure the target value is reached within the specified time periods Select the attribute Profit from the Value drop-down menu. By doing so, igantt Optimizer will optimize the schedule by maximizing the profit of the project Click the OK button The attribute Profit is a calculated attribute that has been previously defined under Project Attributes by selecting the Project menu. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 12 of 24

TIP: Other attributes can be used as a Value parameter as required. For example, if Tonnes are used, igantt Optimizer will optimize the schedule by maximizing total tonnes for the project. 14.

The dates of the first and last time periods flow through from the Time Periods sub-menu set up previously. TIP: Tick the Apply tick-box if you need to change the first or last period to optimize. 15.

13 TIP: Other attributes can be used as a Value parameter as required. For example, if Tonnes are used, igantt Optimizer will optimize the schedule by maximizing total tonnes for the project. 14. Click the Optimizer menu and then click Optimize. This will open up an Optimize window showing the first and last periods to optimize. The dates of the first and last time periods flow through from the Time Periods sub-menu set up previously. TIP: Tick the Apply tick-box if you need to change the first or last period to optimize. 15. Click the Optimize button. This will activate the optimization showing a dialog window with the progress bar. The igantt Optimizer uses a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to represent the mine and its production constraints using a branch and bound algorithm In the first step, the dialog window displays the Initializing message while igantt Optimizer builds the mathematical model of constraints. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 13 of 24

14 15.2. In the second step, the dialog window displays the Periods 1-2: Still looking for result message. This means that the maximum upper value (bound value) within the first two time periods is being searched for In the next step, once the bound value is determined, igantt Optimizer looks for all possible feasible solutions within the first sliding window and compares them against the bound value The message Result found within 14.59% means that the best feasible solution so far is at most 14.59% from optimality. The igantt Optimizer will keep looking for all other solutions until a solution within 1% is found In the next step, the sliding window will move to the next period to repeat steps 15.2 to When the best solution for the last optimization period is found, the dialog box will disappear. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 14 of 24

The Summary Report shows total values for each report item per time period.

15 TIP: It takes approx. 1-2 minutes to optimize the project. The optimization time will vary based on the optimization method selected and the number of blocks and constraints in your project. 16. The Summary Report shows total values for each report item per time period. The Tonnes and Total Dev Metres items meet the maximum constraint per time period set in the Optimizer menu. 17. Click the Visualization menu and then select Set Object Colour Scheme. The Colour Scheme Chooser window will open up and display the default mode of Colour By Object Type. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 15 of 24

17.1. Select Colour By Time Period from the drop down menu to change the colouring mode to time periods 17.2.

Tick the Multi-Time Period Object Colouring tick-box to splits strings into the multiple coloured sections 17.4.

16 17.1. Select Colour By Time Period from the drop down menu to change the colouring mode to time periods Tick the Repeat Colours tick-box to repeat the same colours every eighth time period Tick the Multi-Time Period Object Colouring tick-box to splits strings into the multiple coloured sections Tick the Show in Summary Report tick-box to show the colouring code in the Summary report Click the OK button. This will display the colouring mode in the visualization as well as in the reports. 18. Click the Visualization menu and then select the View Schedule to validate the schedule using an animation. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 16 of 24

18.1. Tick the Show Completed tick-box to step through the remaining reserve 18.2. Select the viewing date of 01/07/2013

The animation steps show the progress of ramp, access and ventilation development as well as drifting and stoping for the date of 29/02/2016. 20.

17 18.1. Tick the Show Completed tick-box to step through the remaining reserve Select the viewing date of 01/07/ Select the time interval of 256 ms and then click the Run button 19. The animation steps show the progress of ramp, access and ventilation development as well as drifting and stoping for the date of 29/02/ The animation shows some remaining material that has not been scheduled within the optimization periods due to economics and precedences included in this scenario. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 17 of 24

18 21. Load the igantt file demotutorial_igantt_optimizer_ug_optimized to compare your results up to step Click the Resources menu and then select Assign Resources to assign the Development resource to all development activities. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 18 of 24

22.1. Click the Development (DEV) activity type to highlight it and then click the > button. This will assign all development activities to the resource. 22.2. Click the Close button. 23.

Over-allocation of the resource displays in red. TIP: The over-allocation of the resource can be resolved manually or using the Auto- Scheduling module.

19 22.1. Click the Development (DEV) activity type to highlight it and then click the > button. This will assign all development activities to the resource Click the Close button. 23. Click the View menu and then select View By > View by Resource to view activities grouped by the Development resources. This will display utilization of the resource at the top of the Gantt chart. Over-allocation of the resource displays in red. TIP: The over-allocation of the resource can be resolved manually or using the Auto- Scheduling module. In the next step, we will use the Auto-Scheduling functionality to level the Development resource. 24. Click the Auto-Scheduling menu and then select Targets to add a target for autoscheduling. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 19 of 24

24.1. Click the Add button and then select Start Time Target from the drop down menu.

Optimization. Click the OK button to close the Select target type dialog. 24.2. Click the Ok button. 25.

Click the Add button and then select Development from the drop down menu and then click the OK button.

20 24.1. Click the Add button and then select Start Time Target from the drop down menu. This will ensure that the Development resource is auto-scheduled based on the start time of the activities after the Optimization. Click the OK button to close the Select target type dialog Click the Ok button. 25. Click the Auto-Scheduling menu and then select Resources to include the Development resource for auto-scheduling Click the Add button and then select Development from the drop down menu and then click the OK button. This will open up a new dialog window to specify the rate and maximum simultaneous activities for the Development resource. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 20 of 24

simultaneous activities. 25.3. Click the OK button and then click the OK button to close the Edit Scheduleable Resource screen. 26.

21 25.2. For this scenario, un-tick the Unlimited tick-box and enter 3 in the Maximum activities field. This will ensure that the Development will work on the maximum of 3 simultaneous activities Click the OK button and then click the OK button to close the Edit Scheduleable Resource screen. 26. Click the Auto-Scheduling menu and then select Options to specify the Autoscheduling settings. Un-tick all three tick-boxes on the screen and then click Ok button. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 21 of 24

27. Click the Auto-Scheduling menu and then select Schedule. 27.1.

set up for the Summary report. 27.2. Click the OK button. 28.

22 27. Click the Auto-Scheduling menu and then select Schedule This will open up a Schedule window showing the first and last periods to autoschedule. The dates of the first and last time periods flow through from the time periods set up for the Summary report Click the OK button. 28. View the Gantt chart utilization after auto-scheduling. The over-allocation displayed in red has been resolved. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 22 of 24

29. The Summary Report shows the updated total values per time period. TIP: You might notice that Tonnes and Total Dev Metres constraints are met except for the Tonnes value in 2016.

23 29. The Summary Report shows the updated total values per time period. TIP: You might notice that Tonnes and Total Dev Metres constraints are met except for the Tonnes value in This is due to the fact that we levelled development activities but not production activities. To resolve this, the production resource can be added to the project and auto-scheduled as well. 30. Load the igantt file demotutorial_igantt_optimizer_ug_optimized_autoscheduled to compare your results for steps Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 23 of 24

24 3. SUMMARY This tutorial has shown you the necessary steps to develop a long-term schedule using the igantt Optimizer. In the first steps, we reviewed project attributes, activity types and reports previously set up in the igantt project provided. Secondly, we showed you how to set up nine time periods of variable lengths to be used for setting constraints and optimizing. In the next step, we showed you how to set up a processing constraint using total tonnes and development metres for each time period. In the following step, we discussed optimization options and showed you how to set up the value parameter that is used for optimizing. In this scenario, we were maximizing the Net Present Profit value of the entire project. Once the optimization was completed, we also showed you how to set the object colour scheme per time period and analyse results using reports and animations. In the last step, we showed you how to assign a resource to development activities and use the Auto-scheduling module to resolve over-allocation of the resource assigned. Congratulations on completing the igantt Optimizer tutorial for Underground applications. Please contact our Minemax experts on support@minemax.com for additional information about the igantt Optimizer. Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for UG Minemax Page 24 of 24

Minemax Tutorial. igantt Optimizer. for Open Pit

Minemax Tutorial. igantt Optimizer. for Open Pit Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for Open Pit Version: 4 Updated: May 2013 Minemax Tutorial igantt Optimizer for OP Minemax 1998 2013 Page 1 of 19 COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2013 Copyright in this document is vested