Human-Centred Design: Enhancing useability and safety at sea

Transcription

1 Human-Centred Design: Enhancing useability and safety at sea Mal Christie Principal Advisor Human Factors System Safety Standards Australian Maritime Safety Authority Dr Michelle Grech Manager Vessel Operations Ship Operations Operations Australian Maritime Safety Authority

2 Apple

3 There s Samsung.

4 There s Microsoft.

5

6 Macintosh s 1978 Human Interface Guidelines

7 Apple s Essential Design Principles Designing an interface is fundamentally about serving other human beings. Design principles express core truths about how we perceive the world around us. How we process information, how we make decisions, and how we communicate. These truths are universal and timeless. Design principles don't tell us how to do specific things in our design, They tell us why we should do those things.

8 Recent Cognitive Science Design Work Cognitive Systems Engineering Patterns/habits/ways of working Build systems that beat entropy through adaptation and resilience Joint Intelligence Systems Five point design philosophy being tested in HF research conducted at Lund University, Sweden

9 AMSA s Human Centred Design Work Over to Michelle

10 Design and errors? Seastreak Wall Street (2013) Accident.the final error was made by the Captain on the day of the accident, but the first vulnerabilities were designed into the system years before. the blame typically falls on the final strand in a rope that breaks - often it is the human being. Deborah Hersman, chair of NTSB, April 8, 2014

11 If you don t they will Crew make their own instructions and labels? And they think this is normal!! Oh no I have to alla learn ****** again? Seafarer joining a new ship And the list goes on.

12 Focus on human needs Current Issues We kind of know where we are Ergonomic problems Poor bridge layouts, Poor equipment and systems design Poor user interface Etc.. With reference to: Key elements Core objectives Relevant functions Operational areas Future Status Human needs indicates where we want to go (prioritised solutions) S1 user friendly bridge design S2 standardised and automated reporting of ships information S3 reliability of bridge equipment and navigation information S4 Integration and presentation of information S9 Reliability, resilience and integrity for ship and shore IMO,2012

13 Towards a usability framework HCD Product Quality e-navigation quality design attributes Managed through a Quality Management System Data Quality Meet User Needs Security Functional Safety SQA USABILITY Guided through Software product quality ISO/IEC and Software process quality ISO/IEC Guided through Human Centred Design (HCD) process ISO ISO/IEC 27000) IEC61508 Guided through Software quality evaluation ISO/IEC 2504n and System and software assurance ISO/IEC Guided through Usability Testing Methods ISO/TR 16982

14 The Guideline MSC.1/Circ Combined SQA and HCD Approved by IMO in June 2015 Info video: Usability and Operational Requirements Analysis Operational System Feedback Pre-Activity Conduct Early Human Element Analysis Feedback Loop Stage 5: Operational Activity 5 Maintain Operational Usability Regulatory Approval Stage 4: Integration and Testing C R User and Organisational Requirements Stage 1: Concept development C U R D Stage 3: Design C R C R D U Activity 1: Understand and specify the context of use. Activity 2: Specify user requirements. Activity 3: Produce design solutions to meet user requirements Activity 4: Evaluate the designs against usability criteria Stage 2: Planning and Analysis C U R D System Concept U D U D System and Usability Goals Prototype

15 Addressing SOLAS Chapter V, Regulation 15 SOLAS Regulation V/15 decisions shall aim to: Navigate ship safely Promote BRM and easy access to essential information Standardised symbols Minimise extra work, distractions and risk of human error No actionable responsibility associated with bridge design-related issues Linking appropriate guidelines to Regulation V/15 a non-regulatory approach Role of insurers (PSC) - risk of ships not compliant with V/15 Others? Standardisation (S-Mode)

16 How are we tracking? MAIB has teamed up with the Danish Maritime Investigation Board to work on fully understanding why operators are not using ECDIS as envisaged

17 Can we design the problem out? Correct and huge leap forward for the industry Need to establish a core base for understanding good HCD and WHY? Reality check: it will take some time to implement; Good human factors and ergonomic criteria exist: problem is now one of usage Promote a wider application of HCD Next steps: the need for interface heuristics that support HCD Korea, 2015 Standardisation guidelines