The 15-Minute Map Creating a Basic Map in ArcMap

Transcription

1 The 15-Minute Map Creating a Basic Map in ArcMap Transcript Copyright 2007 ESRI All rights reserved. The information contained in this document is the exclusive property of ESRI. This work is protected under United States copyright law and other international copyright treaties and conventions. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as expressly permitted in writing by ESRI. All requests should be sent to Attention: Contracts and Legal Services Manager, ESRI, 380 New York Street, Redlands, CA , USA. The information contained in this document is subject to change without 3D Analyst, ADF, AML, ARC/INFO, ArcAtlas, ArcCAD, ArcCatalog, ArcCOGO, ArcData, ArcDoc, ArcEdit, ArcEditor, ArcEurope, ArcExplorer, ArcExpress, ArcFM, ArcGIS, ArcGlobe, ArcGrid, ArcIMS, ArcInfo Librarian, ArcInfo, ArcInfo- Professional GIS, ArcInfo-The World's GIS, ArcLocation, ArcLogistics, ArcMap, ArcNetwork, ArcNews, ArcObjects, ArcOpen, ArcPad, ArcPlot, ArcPress, ArcQuest, ArcReader, ArcScan, ArcScene, ArcSchool, ArcSDE, ArcSdl, ArcStorm, ArcSurvey, ArcTIN, ArcToolbox, ArcTools, ArcUSA, ArcUser, ArcView, ArcVoyager, ArcWatch, ArcWeb, ArcWorld, Atlas GIS, AtlasWare, Avenue, BusinessMAP, Database Integrator, DBI Kit, ESRI, ESRI-Team GIS, ESRI-The GIS Company, ESRI-The GIS People, FormEdit, Geographic Design System, Geography Matters, Geography Network, GIS by ESRI, GIS Day, GIS for Everyone, GISData Server, InsiteMAP, JTX, MapBeans, MapCafé, MapObjects, ModelBuilder, MOLE, NetEngine, PC ARC/INFO, PC ARCPLOT, PC ARCSHELL, PC DATA CONVERSION, PC STARTER KIT, PC TABLES, PC ARCEDIT, PC NETWORK, PC OVERLAY, PLTS, Rent-a-Tech, RouteMAP, SDE, SML, Spatial Database Engine, StreetEditor, StreetMap, TABLES, the ARC/INFO logo, the ArcCAD logo, the ArcCAD WorkBench logo, the ArcCOGO logo, the ArcData logo, the ArcData Online logo, the ArcEdit logo, the ArcExplorer logo, the ArcExpress logo, the ArcFM logo, the ArcFM Viewer logo, the ArcGIS logo, the ArcGrid logo, the ArcIMS logo, the ArcInfo logo, the ArcLogistics Route logo, the ArcNetwork logo, the ArcPad logo, the ArcPlot logo, the ArcPress for ArcView logo, the ArcPress logo, the ArcScan logo, the ArcScene logo, the ArcSDE CAD Client logo, the ArcSDE logo, the ArcStorm logo, the ArcTIN logo, the ArcTools logo, the ArcView 3D Analyst logo, the ArcView Business Analyst logo, the ArcView Data Publisher logo, the ArcView GIS logo, the ArcView Image Analysis logo, the ArcView Internet Map Server logo, the ArcView logo, the ArcView Network Analyst logo, the ArcView Spatial Analyst logo, the ArcView StreetMap 2000 logo, the ArcView StreetMap logo, the ArcView Tracking Analyst logo, the Atlas GIS logo, the Avenue logo, the BusinessMAP logo, the Data Automation Kit logo, the ESRI ArcAtlas Data logo, the ESRI ArcEurope Data logo, the ESRI ArcScene Data logo, the ESRI ArcUSA Data logo, the ESRI ArcWorld Data logo, the ESRI Digital Chart of the World Data logo, the ESRI globe logo, the ESRI Press logo, the Geography Network logo, the MapCafé logo, the MapObjects Internet Map Server logo, the MapObjects logo, the MOLE logo, the NetEngine logo, the PC ARC/INFO logo, the Production Line Tool Set logo, the RouteMAP IMS logo, the RouteMAP logo, the SDE logo, The World's Leading Desktop GIS, Water Writes, and Your Personal Geographic Information System are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of ESRI in the United States, the European Community, or certain other jurisdictions. Other companies and products mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners.

2 The 15-Minute Map: Creating a Basic Map in ArcMap Presenter: Matthew Baker ESRI Redlands, California Hello. My name is Matthew Baker. I'm an instructor with Educational Services at ESRI in Redlands, California. I want to welcome you to this training seminar, The 15-Minute Map Creating a Basic Map in ArcMap. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 1

3 Overview Topics What templates are and how they work How to use ArcMap templates Tips and tricks for improving speed, effectiveness, and visual balance when creating maps Format Each topic followed by brief question and answer period Today, we'll be discussing map templates. We'll look at how they work, how they are created, and how they can speed up map production. We'll also discuss other tips and tricks for improving speed, effectiveness, and visual balance when creating maps. Throughout the course, we will work toward creating a map template. We will open an existing map, add various elements to it, and then save it as a map template file. We will then use that template in the software demonstration at the end of the course to create a map of Typhoon Etang, which occurred off the coast of the Philippines. The object of the course is to create a basic map in about 15 minutes, although the course and demonstration will run about 45 minutes. Each topic in the course will be followed by a review and a discussion of frequently asked questions. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 2

4 What are templates? Templates are reusable map bases that: Contain static elements Speed map creation Are stored in a.mxt file Are useful for creating map series Standardize layouts Can be shared with other departments Let's first define what a template is. Simply put, templates are reusable map layouts or basemaps that can be applied to any map document. Templates contain map elements such as north arrows, scale bars, text boxes, titles, legends, bookmarks, and other common elements found on a standard map. Most importantly, a template stores the layout and arrangement of these elements. When we open a template, we see all the map elements where they were placed when the template was created. These elements, however, are not fixed and can be moved once we have applied the template to our map. Map templates also speed up map creation. Instead of starting from scratch, a template can be applied to an ArcMap document, providing a standard layout for the title, legend, scale bar, and any other map elements you would like to have in your map document. Map templates created by ArcMap are started as MXT files, which are different than MXD files we use to store map documents. Templates are useful for creating a series of maps. For example, if I have 50 counties and need individual maps for each county, I can use the template to apply a common layout or theme to each map in the series. Templates also ensure standardized layouts. In different departments in your organization, you need to create maps with the same layout but different content. A template can be made available that everyone can access and apply to the data in their map document. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 3

5 Template example Graticule Neatline (border) Base map Scale bar Legend Logo Projection North arrow Title Source Author Here we can see an example of the template and the different map elements that can be placed in the template. The elements you place on your map depend on the type of map you are creating. Thus, some elements are not necessarily going to be found on your template. Some maps do not require a graticule or north arrow, for example, and thus, you would not add these to your template. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 4

6 How to create your own template 1. Start ArcMap 2. Create a new map, or open an existing map or template 3. Customize your map Add layers and symbolize, as necessary Add other elements you want in template 4. Save map document as ArcMap Templates.mxt Next, we will discuss how to create your own template. Templates can be created from scratch, from existing map documents, or perhaps from existing templates. Each of these methods requires you to add layers of data to your map, apply symbolization, and add standard map elements and other information to your map. Once all of these elements have been added, you simply choose Save As from the File menu and the Save As type drop-down, choose the ArcMap template or.mxt option as seen in the graphic in this slide. You then give the template a name of your choice and choose the location you want to save the template. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 5

7 Topic Review What are templates? What are the elements in a template? How can you create your own template? So far, we have discussed what map templates are, what elements are found in a template, and how to create your own template. We'll now discuss some frequently asked questions about these topics. The first question asked, "How is data added to a map that already has a template applied to it?" We can add data to a map using a template in the same way we would add data to any other map. From the File menu, choose Add Data and select the data you would like to add to your map. Another question asks, "Where are my templates stored?" Templates can be stored anywhere you like, be it a folder on your local drive or on a network drive that can be accessed by a number of users. If you have the proper permission, templates can also be stored in the ArcGIS Program Files folder on your local drive. This will allow this template to appear alongside the default ArcMap templates. And finally, one user wanted to know what a graticule was. Simply put, a graticule is lines of latitude and longitude that we can add to our map at the reference system. We'll cover graticules in more detail later on in the course. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 6

8 Using an existing template When starting ArcMap, choose a template - OR - Within ArcMap, switch to another template Layout toolbar > Change Layout button Let's now discuss how to use an existing template. When you start ArcMap you have three choices. You can start with a new empty map, a template, or an existing map. If we start using a template, we will be asked to choose which template we want to use. Here we can browse to a location on our hard drive where the template is stored, or choose from a selection of predefined templates provided by ESRI, which you can then customize to suit your needs. If I've already created a map and would like to switch to a new template, I can easily do this in Layout View of ArcMap. From the right end of the Layout toolbar, simply click the Change Layout button, and you'll be prompted to choose the template you would like applied to your map. Your existing data is then incorporated into the layout of this template. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 7

9 Inserting map elements Select what's appropriate for the map objective Add elements in layout view Inserting additional map elements into your map or template can be done by choosing Insert from the menu bar and selecting the element you would like to add to your layout. Here, we can choose to add another data frame, a title, a text box, a neatline, and several other map elements, as you can see on this slide. Also as mentioned, some of these elements may not be necessary for your map. You can add and remove elements as needed to customize the template to your mapping needs. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 8

10 Adding data frames and layers Insert Data Frame Add Data Active Activate data frame you're working with Insert data frame's scale bar Place scale bar near active data frame Next, we'll discuss how to add data frames and layers to your map. When you create a new map document, a default data frame called Layers is automatically placed in the table of contents. This is the active data frame to which we will add layers of data. In this example, we have two data frames, one for an Overview Map and one for a Detail Map. The Detail Map, which contains our symbolized data, is the active data frame, which I can tell because the title of the data frame is in bold. Any elements we add to our map will be added to the active data frame. In this case, if I insert a legend, it will include all the layers found in the Detail Map data frame because it is the active data frame. To add an additional data frame, simply choose Insert from the menu bar and a new empty active data frame will be added to the table of contents. Let's start the process of creating our own template. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 9

11 Classifying and symbolizing Classification Symbolization Natural breaks (default) Graduated colors Quantile Graduated symbols In ArcMap, I'm going to choose to open a map document. In the Templates folder, which came with the data you installed for this course, you'll fine Asia.MXT. MXD I should say. If I choose to open this file, it will open this map in ArcMap for me. This will be the basemap to which we'll add map elements and then save as a template file to use in the software demonstration at the end of the course. Once you've added layers of information to your map, it's time to give that data meaningful symbology. Instead of using one symbol for all of our data, we want to group our data into classes and give those classes symbology. In the example on the left, we have a map of the countries of Europe. We have divided the countries into a number of classes, and each class is given a color. The two classification examples shown here are the Natural breaks and Quantile methods. Natural breaks is the default classification method used by ArcMap. This method automatically looks for breaks in the data to create classes. The Quantile method places the same number of features into each class. Once our data has been classified, we then need to apply a symbology or color scheme to our classification. On the left, we have chosen a light to dark red color scheme to represent the five different population classes we have created for our countries. An example on the top-right, we have used graduated colors to symbolize our polygons by population. In the bottom-right, we have used a graduated point symbol scheme to show that same information. ArcMap has a number of different symbology options we can use to better visualize our data, all of which can Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 10

12 be found in the Layer Properties under the Symbology tab. Let's now symbolize the Countries layer in the template we are creating. I can double-click the Countries layer to access the Layer Properties. Under the Symbology tab, I'll choose Categories. I'll switch my value fields to CONTINENT from my attribute table. I'll choose to add a single value of Asia, select OK. Now, I've divided up my data into two categories Asia and <all other values>. I choose OK to close my Layer Properties. You can see the data has been changed on my map and in my table of contents. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 11

13 Inserting and editing an existing legend Accepting defaults Quantitative Qualitative Enhanced After we have symbolized our layer, the next step is to create a legend. A legend gives us a graphic description of the classification and symbolization of our data. To insert a legend, simply choose Insert from the menu bar and choose Legend as we see in this slide. The Legend Wizard will take you through the process of choosing which layers you want to include in the legend, a format for your title, and several other options. Once a legend has been created, the initial settings can be modified by simply double-clicking the legend or right-clicking and accessing the properties of the legend. A legend is brought into our map with a number of default settings. In this example, we will want to change the default title to something more meaningful, or remove the title altogether and simply use the layer name as the title of our legend. A legend is live or dynamic, meaning that whatever changes we make to our layer in the table of contents (or the layer properties) will automatically be updated in our legend. In the enhanced legend example, we have eliminated excess decimal places from our classification label. This can be done by formatting the labels under the Symbology tab in our Layer Properties and setting the desired number of decimal places. We can also add visual effects to our legend such as a border and a background, as seen in this example. Notice also, the rounded corners of not only the legend patches, but of the background itself. These modifications can be made under the Frame tab of the Legend Properties. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 12

14 Let's now insert a legend into our template. From the Insert menu, I'll choose Legend. The Legend Wizard will ask me which layers from my table of contents I want to include in my legend. Here, I'll accept the defaults, and I'll just click Next to accept all the defaults of the wizard, finally choosing Finish, which will add a legend to my map somewhere in the middle of the map. I select the legend and can move it to a location of my choice. Here, I'll drop it under the left-hand side of the map body. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 13

15 Inserting and editing a scale bar Default scale bar Uneven Increments Enhanced scale bar Scale text Even Increments Another element we'll want to add to our map is a scale bar. A scale bar is essentially a graphic ruler, which lets us compare distances on the map to real-world distances. For example, I can use the scale bar to determine what one inch on my map represents in real-world or ground units. Again, from our Insert menu, choose Scale Bar, select the type of scale bar you would like to use, and then add it to the map. As with other map elements, the default settings of the scale bar can be modified. I can also add what's called Scale Text, which translates verbally How many ground units are represented by a map unit? For example, 1 centimeter equals 800,000 meters. Both the scale bar and scale text are live or dynamic, meaning any zooming in or out on our data that we perform will change the scale bar and scale text values on the fly. Back to our template, let's add a scale bar. Again, from the Insert menu I'll choose Scale Bar. I'll choose the type of scale bar I want to use, Alternating Scale Bar 1, and select OK. Again, ArcMap gives it a default placement in the middle of the map, which I can move to the lower center of my map body. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 14

16 Adding a graticule Also Measured grid or Reference grid Data Frame Properties > Grids tab Axes Line styles Border Graticule Label text style Axis division ticks Intervals Depending on how your map will be used, you might want to add some type of grid to better pinpoint locations on your map. We have three different options for including this grid using ArcMap. A graticule adds lines of latitude and longitude to our map, which would help us pinpoint a location relative to the entire earth. A Measured grid will show lines measured in the units of our chosen coordinate system which could be a UTM, state plane, or other coordinate system. A Reference grid is similar to what we might find on a roadmap for finding a city using a grid of numbered roads and lettered columns that would help us determine the location of a particular feature. To add a grid to our map, we must access the Grids tab in our Data Frame Properties. We can choose the style of grid, the intervals for the grid lines, customize the color, add a border, change the labels, and many other details of the grid to suit our needs. As you can see in our template, we've already included a graticule, which we ll make modifications to later on in the exercise. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 15

17 Inserting a north arrow and neatline Neatline Another important element we might add to our map is a north arrow. From the Insert menu, choose North Arrow, select the type of arrow you would like to use, and add it to the map. A north arrow is simply a graphic which points north, giving the map reader the orientation of the data on the map. A north arrow is linked to our data, meaning if we rotate our data frame, the north arrow will rotate with it. A north arrow may not be necessary for your map. If you are showing an entire country, north may be obvious, and the arrow may be omitted. If you are showing a smaller area or have made a rotation to your data frame, it is then important to show the map reader the orientation of the map. Again, we can change the type of north arrow we want to use and also change the color, the size, and several other options. We might also want to add a neatline. This graphic acts as a box, which contains all the map elements and geographic data on our map. It usually extends no more than an inch from the edge of our page, acting as the border, giving visual balance to the elements contained on our map. On our template, we'll omit a north arrow, because the scale is much too small. As you can see, the lines of latitude and longitude making up the graticule are straight near the center of the map, but at the bottom and top of the map, the lines are curved. A north arrow would not be accurate across this full map. It would only be accurate toward the center of the map. In the demonstration at the end of this lesson, we'll insert a north arrow. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 16

18 Inserting textual information Prominent text: Title Less prominent elements: Author(s) Organization Data source Date of data and map Projection Disclosures Aside from map elements, we will also want to include other information about our data on the map, such as a title, the source of the data, the date it was created, the author, and other descriptive information about the map. This textual information can be added in a number of ways. From the Insert menu, we have the option to insert a title or text. Text can be good for small blocks of textual information such as the author, the date the map was created, or spatial reference information. We can alter the font, color, size, and placement of all text we add to the map. Visually speaking, different pieces of text should be more prominent on your map than others. For example, your title will be a larger and darker font located at the top of the map, while the author and date will be much smaller fonts and located toward the bottom of the map. The description might be a normal-size font but might be located in the middle of the page beside the map it is describing. Let's finish off our template by adding a title and then saving it as a template file. From the Insert menu, I'll choose Title, change the default tile to Asia, hit Enter, and, again, I'll move the default placement of my title to the center of the page underneath my scale bar and map body. That's all I'm going to add to our template at this time. What I'm going to do, from the File menu choose Save As, and save as a template file. I can then choose Save, and the template will be saved to my folder of my choice. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 17

19 Topic Review Creating and using templates Adding data frames and layers Classifying and symbolizing data Insert and modify map elements This brings us to the end of the second portion of the course. So far, we have looked at how to create and use an existing template, how to add data frames and layers to a map, how to classify and symbolize data, and how to insert and modify map elements. Let's go over some more frequently asked questions. "Can templates be shared with coworkers via ?" The answer is yes. Templates can be sent as attachments. Another question asks, "Can I have multiple scale bars on my map?" The answer to that question is yes. You might, for example, want to show distances in miles and kilometers; you simply add both scale bars to your map and set the desired units by accessing the properties for each scale bar. Here, I can set kilometers for one scale bar and miles for the other. And, finally, "Can elements be set without allowing any changes?" As soon as a template is applied to a map, the elements contained in the template are free to be moved by whoever is using the template. However, in Windows, it is possible to set Read-only permissions on a template which would prevent the original template from being overwritten or changed. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 18

20 Tip: Visually balance your map Options Top ruler Side ruler Data frame Vertical guide Horizontal guide Virtual page In the third and final section of the course, we'll discuss tips for enhancing map design and usability and speeding up overall map production. We will look at the number of colors and shades of colors you should use in your map and appropriate text size to use depending on what the map will be used for. We will begin by talking about visually balancing all the elements on your page. As we have discussed, there are many elements we can add to a map to convey various pieces of information. We want to arrange all of these elements in such a way so that as much information can be included in the map without cluttering up the page. When designing a map, we want to place the most important information in the main center of focus of our page. Research has shown that when people look at a map, they are drawn to the visual center, an area just above the geometric center of the page. The geometric center can be found by simply connecting two lines from opposite corners of the page. The visual center is then five percent of the page height above this intersection. If the visual center is the main area of focus for our map, we want to put our most important information there. In this example, we have placed the main map body in the visual center to draw the most attention to it. Once we have established this central location, we can place our map elements around the map body. We then might place our title at the top of the map, our north arrow in the bottom-left corner of the map, and the scale bar in the bottom right, as shown here. Items such as overview or key maps, text boxes, legends, and other information can also go toward the bottom of the page, underneath the main map body, where it is less prominent but still present. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 19

21 When arranging these map elements on your page, you might want to take advantage of the alignment tools available in ArcMap. You will notice in this example, we are using rulers and guides to help us better align our elements on the page. Rulers show us the size of the page on the printed map and can be helpful for determining the size of map elements in paper units. Guides are another important layout tool. Guides are simply straight line graphics to which we can snap and align map elements on our virtual page. Guides will show up on our virtual page, but will not show up on our printed map. You can see in this example, we have aligned our data frame, our legend, and our overview map along vertical guides, and used a horizontal guide to align our legends and our overview maps. Map elements can be set to snap to guides and rulers to ensure even greater accuracy when placing elements on our map. Settings for guides and rulers can be modified by accessing the ArcMap options and looking under the Layout View tab. Here, we can change the units of our rulers, snapping options for our guides, and a number of other settings. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 20

22 Tip: Limit colors and shades 12 distinct colors 7 or 8 distinct shades of the same color Pastels RainbowWrap The correct selection of colors when designing your map is very important, not only because you want to properly convey your information, but because the human eye has limitations in the number of colors and shades it can see. A computer has few limitations with colors and it's able to display millions and millions of shades and colors on the monitor. The human eye, on the other hand, can only distinguish between 12 distinct colors and only seven or eight different shades of a particular color at a time. These are factors to consider when symbolizing your data. In this example, you can see I have symbolized the polygon layer using a pastel color scheme. You'll notice two red arrows pointing to two colors which are very similar. Technically speaking, they are two different colors, but to the human eye, they are essentially the same and could not be accurately distinguished on a map. In the next set of colors, we can see that there are two blues that are very similar. Again, the map reader will have a hard time distinguishing between two features on a map that are this close together in color. On the right, we have a number of different shades of one color. You can see where we pointed out several different shades that are too close together to consider separate. To avoid confusion on a map, reduce the number of classes, which will then use fewer colors. We can see this on the example on the far right. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 21

23 Tip: Avoid texture vibration Gap Mark Another method we can use to symbolize our data is to use texture fills or hatch effects. This is something we want to avoid wherever possible. But, if we must use it, ensure that our textures do not vibrate. Texture vibration occurs when the width of our lines, or mark, approaches the width of the gap between the lines. As you can see in this example, the lines look like they are vibrating. This can be extremely distracting for the map reader, and could lead to them simply putting your map down and not reading it altogether. If however, you need to use a texture or hatch effect, take the time to ensure that your lines do not vibrate and thus distract the reader. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 22

24 Tip: Know your viewing distance Adjust text size based on distance Eye 2 2.9mm (.11 in) 5m (16.4 ft) Viewing Distance Size (mm) Viewing Distance Size (in.) 50 cm 2 m 5 m in 5 ft 10 ft Generally speaking, all features on our map require appropriate size and symbolization to properly convey information. We have already discussed the limitations of color on our maps. But what about the limitations of the size of the features. The mode of use of the map will help determine the size of the features on the page. We want to know whether the map will be held in the hand and read at a close distance, or if will be up on a wall and viewed from a few feet away. Considering this, it makes sense that features on a hand-held map cannot be the same size as a wall map. We need to size our features according to how the map will be viewed. In this slide, we have a diagram showing the size our point features should be on the map when the eye is a given distance away. In this case, when the eye is five meters from the map, a point should be given a size no smaller than 2.9 millimeters to be properly seen. You will also notice the angle created between the eye and the green point symbol. This is called the bite angle, and it's usually measured to be one minute. In the case of mapmaking, this angle is increased to two minutes. This is to account for the amount of features and colors on a map, and the tendency for smaller features to become overpowered by larger ones. Increasing this angle means we must increase the size of the features. In the bottom, we have a chart which describes the smallest size for a feature on a map at a particular viewing distance. You will notice that as the viewing distance increases, so does the minimum size for a feature on the map. If you know the approximate distance your map will be viewed at when printed, you can use the zoom to 100 percent, or 1:1 tool on the Layout toolbar, as seen in this slide. This tool will zoom your map to its printed size Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 23

25 on screen. For example, if I knew my map would be hanging on a wall and generally would be viewed from a few feet away, I could use the 1:1 tool and simply stand a few feet from my monitor to get a better sense of the size my features need to be on my map. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 24

26 Tip: Enhance data frame background Let's talk about some graphical enhancements we can make to our data frame. We might want to add a water background to our map, but do not have a water feature class. We can add a light blue-colored background to our data frame to achieve this water effect. To do this, we need to get into the Data Frame Properties. This time, under the Frame tab, we will find tools for adding not only a background, but a border, and a drop shadow to our data frame, just like we did with our legend. You might want clip your data frame to a circle instead of a square, or shape to a custom graphic you've drawn on screen. Here, you will also find tools for clipping your data frame to a layer in your map document. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 25

27 More time-saving tips: styles Create smaller, specialized symbol style Access ArcMap Style Manager Create personal style Copy and paste symbols from one style to another Finally, let's go over some more time-saving tips for creating a map. ArcMap comes with many default symbols and styles to choose from depending on your mapping needs. Many of these you may never need, and it can be frustrating to sort through so many extra symbols to find the one you need most often. We recommend creating your own style that contains your frequently used symbols. From the Tools menu, choose Styles and then Style Manager. Here you can create a new style, then copy and past various elements from existing styles to your own personal set. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 26

28 More time-saving tips: layer files Create and use pre-symbolized layer files Symbolize a layer Save to a layer file Import symbology from layer file to new layer Symbolizing a layer often takes time, and a lot of detail is put into creating classification schemes and symbolizing a layer. We can save any layer to a layer file and use that layer to import our classification and symbology into a layer of the same data in a separate map document. A layer file can be used to maintain a standardized symbology. You can a layer file to a coworker, and they can use it to symbolize that same data. In this example, I've gone into by Layer Properties under the Symbology tab. Here I can choose Import, which opens the Import Symbology dialog box. I will choose to import from the layer file and browse to the file that contains the symbology I want to import. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 27

29 More time-saving tips: bookmarks Return to frequently viewed locations View > Bookmarks > Create or choose from a list Finally, you may find you are frequently viewing a particular area on your map. Instead of repeatedly panning and zooming to a particular view, you can create a bookmark to that location, or any other location on your map. This eliminates the panning and zooming you will have to do to return to these locations over and over again. Another benefit of bookmarks is that they can also be saved within a template and accessed by whoever uses that template. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 28

30 Topic Review Visually balance your map Limit colors and shades Avoid texture vibration Know your viewing distance Data frame enhancements Create specialized symbol styles Use layer files Use bookmarks That brings us to the end of the third and final section of the course. We have just discussed some tips for visually balancing your map, the limitations of colors and shades, texture vibration, choosing the size of features based on the viewing distance of the map, data frame enhancements, specialized symbol styles, layer files, and bookmarks. Let's finally go over some frequently asked questions for the material we just covered. The first question asks, "Are there any other templates created by ESRI that are publicly available?" The only templates available from ESRI are found in the ArcGIS Program Files Templates folder, which we can access through the Change Layout button located on the Layout toolbar we discussed earlier in the course. Another question asks, "Can I create more than one layout in a project?" This is an excellent question, but unfortunately the answer is no. As of yet, we are only able to create one layout within a map document. Keep in mind, however, that you can have multiple ArcMap sessions open at one time. This way, if you need to create a similar layout by using a different page size, you can simply save your map to another ArcMap document and alter the layout to suit your needs. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 29

31 Next, "What is the difference between a layer and a layer file?" A layer references spatial data in ArcMap. We can set Layer Properties such as symbology and labels, which are then saved in the map document. We can save the properties of a layer to an external file called a Layer File, which can then be brought into any map document bringing with it the properties of the original layer. Again, a Layer File is created by right-clicking a symbolized layer in ArcMap and choosing to Save As layer file. Next, "Can a template use a different map projection?" The answer here is yes. Once a template has been applied, the projection of the data frame can be altered in the Data Frame Properties as needed. Another user wanted to know, "Can legends be ungrouped and edited?" If you right-click a legend, there is an option to Convert to Graphics. Use this option with caution. This will remove any link the legend has to your data, but it will give you complete control over editing individual pieces of the legend. Next, a user wanted to know, "How do I set my own labels for a legend?" In the Layer Properties dialog box, under the Symbology tab, you can manually enter a label for each of your classifications. These labels will show up not only in your table of contents but in your legend as well. Another user wanted to know if changing the size of the scale bar affects the scale of the map. The answer to this is no. Resizing the scale bar does not affect the scale of the map. But remember, that a scale bar should be sized accordingly, to give even, meaningful increments that are easily interpreted by the map user. Finally, a user wanted to know the difference between qualitative and quantitative data. Simply put, qualitative data is based on quality. Quantitative data is based on quantity. Qualitative data can describe soil types of geological features, while quantitative data deals with numbers or value,s that can be distinguished by being large, small, more, or less, and so on. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 30

32 Software Demonstration Let's now go into our software demonstration. In this demonstration, we're going to modify a preexisting template to create a new map showing the path of Typhoon Etang off the coast of the Philippines in June of First, I will open up ArcMap. Here I'll choose to open a new map using a template rather than a new or existing map. This will bring up a dialog box which will prompt us to choose which template we want to use. Rather than using one of the preexisting templates that come with the ESRI software, I'll browse to the Asia.mxt template we created earlier in the lesson. I'll choose Open, and this will create a new, untitled map document using the template we created. Since the purpose of our map is to show the location of Typhoon Etang off the coast of the Philippines, we should zoom into that study area. Now, I could use my Zoom tool, or I could use the Find tool to find the location I want to zoom to, but this template came with a bookmark. From the View menu, go to Bookmarks, and use the Philippines bookmark. This will zoom us right to our study area. The first thing I want to change with my template is the title. Instead of Asia, I could simply right-click to get the Properties of the title, and I'll change it to Path of Typhoon Etang. I'll choose OK, and the title has been updated. Perhaps I'll make it a smaller font size of maybe 18 points and, again from the Draw toolbar, I can choose a different font color, something lighter, maybe an 80 percent or 70 percent gray. Next, I want to change the symbology for my Countries layer and give the Philippines and surrounding countries different colors than the ones that came with my template. Right now, I'm showing Asia and <all other values> as my two classifications. I want to show Philippines and Other as my classifications. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 31

33 Double-click or right-click and choose Properties of the layer, and under the Symbology tab, I'm going to choose the value field from CONTINENT to CNTRY_NAME. Here I'll choose to add one value of the Philippines. Choose OK. Now, my classifications are Philippines and <all other values>. Let's change the labels, which will update my table of contents and my legends. For my <all other values>, I'll change the label to simply Other, and I will delete the country name heading altogether. If I choose OK, I can see that my table of contents and my legend have been updated. Let's change the color of my Countries layer and my classifications. By left-clicking on the Philippines, I can get the Symbol Selector dialog box. I'll choose a new Fill Color of Tecate Dust, and an Outline Color that better represents the coastline, in this case, Pacific Blue. I'll say OK and repeat the process for the other classifications. For the Fill Color this time, a 10 percent gray and an Outline Color of Pacific Blue. And, again, you can notice the changes in the table of contents and the legends. Next, I want to adjust the graticule. And, again, this is the lines of latitude and longitude on my map. When I zoomed into my Philippine study area, the lines of latitude and longitude are now too far apart to give me any real meaning. By right-clicking the Asia data frame and choosing Properties, under the Grids tab, you can see I have a graticule already created. While this graticule is selected, I'll choose Properties, and under the Intervals tab, change the X and Y Axis interval from 10 to 5. I'll choose OK and OK on my data frame properties, and now you'll notice that the lines of latitude and longitude are much closer together to give me a better indication of where the features are on my map in real-world units. Let's now add the etang data. I'll choose the Add Data button and add the etang.shp shapefile. I'll choose Add, and you can see that the points have been added to my map with the default symbology. If I left-click the etang symbol, here I can actually change what I want that point symbol to look like. Under the More Symbols, I will access the weather style. Now, again, you won't be able to see this, but the weather style will allow me access to the Typhoon symbol. Here I'll change the color to Mars Red and change the Size to 25 points, and I'll choose OK. Now, you'll notice on my map, and in the table of contents, my typhoon symbol has been updated. Let's take a look at a few of the modifications I can make to my legend. Let's zoom in using my Layout Zoom tool onto the legend itself. One modification I want to make is to get rid of the title. Another one is to change the etang layer name in my legend, as well as my table of contents. Using the Select Elements tool, I can select the legends and either double-click or right- Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 32

34 click and select Properties. Under the Legend tab, I will uncheck the Show option to remove the title. Under the Frame tab, I can add a Border of.5 points, and I'll probably want to add a Gap between the border and the legend of 10 points. If I choose OK, my properties have been updated, and you'll notice the gap between the border and the legend. To change the etang layer name, I can simply do that from the table of contents. By selecting the etang layer, I'll simply change the title to Typhoon etang, and, you'll notice as soon as I hit Enter, my table of contents is updated, and my legend is updated as well. Well, the legend looks a little bit big. Now I can either drag the selection handles to make it bigger, or smaller, but perhaps I'll choose a font size of simply 12 points, which will make my legend the correct size that I would like. Let's adjust the scale bar. Let's zoom to the whole page and notice that the scale bar should probably be resized slightly. I'll zoom into the scale bar itself and get a better idea of what it looks like. A couple of things, maybe I want to change the units of my scale bar and I don't really like the increments of the scale bar itself. Using the Select Elements tool, I can simply right-click and select the Properties of the legend. The first thing I want to do is change the Division Units to Kilometers. I'll also change the Label to simply km. I also want to change how my increments change when I resize my legend. I'll set to Adjust number of divisions when I resize my legend, which will allow me to input a Division value. Here, I'll just put in 100 km. I can also add the Number of divisions that I would like, and any other properties for the scale bar that you would like to change, but I'll simply choose OK to save my changes. Now you'll notice my increments are more even, my units are in kilometers, and perhaps instead of 600, I'll simply resize my legend to show simply 500 km. Let me then center my title and my scale bar visually on my map. Now that I'm zoomed into a large enough scale, I'd like to add a north arrow. From the Insert menu, I'll choose North Arrow. Here I can choose whatever style of north arrow that I'd like. I can choose from any one of the defaults, ESRI north arrow styles, or perhaps I'll just choose north arrow 6. I'll choose OK. ArcMap has given a default location somewhere in the map body, but I'll move it down to the lower right-hand corner of my map body. Now let me zoom in to get a closer look at my north arrow. Maybe I'd like to make it a little bit smaller, and I don't actually like that style, so I'll right-click and choose Properties. Here I can change the style one more time, perhaps the ESRI North 2. Choose OK, and maybe I'll change the color to something a little lighter, 60% gray, and I'll choose OK, and my north arrow has been updated. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 33

35 Zooming back to the whole page, one other thing I'm going to add is a curve to follow the path of the typhoon. Let me first zoom into the typhoon area, and from the Draw toolbar, I'll choose to add a new curve. This will allow me to add a line to my map and wherever I click, the line will curve to match the path of my click. When I reach the last point, I'll simply double-click to finish the curve. This is a graphic I've just added to my map, and any graphic I add, I can change the properties of. If I right-click the curve, choose Properties, here I'll choose a Color to match the typhoon symbol, Mars Red, and I'll make the Width 2 points. Something else I might want to do is add what we callout text. What I would like to do is add a text box that shows me the date, time, and wind speed of the last typhoon point on my map. From the Identify tool, I can simply choose the last typhoon point. Here I can see that at June 5 12 a.m., the wind speed was 170 kmh. I'll close the Identify tool, and from the Draw toolbar choose to add a Callout. Here I'll click on the last point of the typhoon, which will bring up a Text box, where I'll enter in the date and time and wind speed. If I move this callout to a new location, you can see that the leader line still points to the last location of my typhoon. That's the purpose of a callout text. From the Draw toolbar, I can select the text size slightly larger, and then move that callout one more time. If I zoom back to the full extent, one more thing I'd like to add to my map is a neat line. From the Insert menu, choose neatline. Here I'll choose to place this neatline around all the elements on my map. I'll choose a Border of.5 points and this information or Style properties dialog will let me choose the color, and I'll choose a 50% gray. Choose OK to close the Border dialog and OK to close the Neatline dialog. You can see the neatline has been added to my map. Again, this is a graphic that simply holds all the elements on my map and makes my map a little more visually pleasing. That's all I want to add to my map at this time, so maybe I'll just make sure my page and print setup is the way I would like it to be. From the File menu, choose Page and Print Setup. Here I can set the printer that I want to use. Here I can set the page Size and the Orientation of the page. I can also override the printer settings and enter in a page size manually, but I'll choose OK to accept those changes. Before I print, I'd like to actually preview my map. From the File menu, choose Print Preview, and this will bring up a window that lets me look at my map to see how it will look when it is printed. I can zoom in on various locations on my map and get a better idea of what it will look like when it is printed. Everything looks OK, so I'll Close my Preview dialog Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 34

36 and finally it's time to print. From the File menu, choose Print. All my settings are in order, and I can choose OK to print my map. This concludes the software demonstration portion of the course. For more resources and information related to this topic, please click the What's Next link on the menu on the left-hand side of your screen. Your comments help us improve seminars. Please take a moment to complete our survey. Just click the evaluation link on the menu on the left-hand side. On behalf of ESRI, I'd like to thank you for viewing this training seminar. Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 35

37 Thanks for participating Copyright 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved. 36