August 13, Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

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1 Analysis of Performance of Sequence IIIF and IIIG, and Possible Paths toward Establishing Correlation and Replacement Limits Using The Chrysler Oxidation and Deposit Test August 13, 2014

2 TMC 1006 Has been used in both IIIE (23 runs) and IIIF (66 runs) pvis data range The IIIF pvis limit is much more severe than IIIE IIIF was created to be a more severe test No equivalent limit was ever established between IIIE and IIIF IIIE has no WPD oil ring land mean>4000 rating only pvis mean IIIF limit: 325%@80 hrs IIIE limit 2

3 WPD TMC433-1 in IIIF vs. IIIG TMC is used as a IIIF reference oil 5 TMC data were reported in Seq III SP meetings ( and ), none near the LTMS range TMC433-1 in IIIF, 190 runs IIIG data: SwRI PE IIIF LTMS Range Too viscous to measure at EOT pvis 3

4 Summary of Seq III Data Comparison There was no correlation or equivalent limit officially established between IIIE/F, IIIE/G or IIIF/G pvis and WPD replacement limits were all more severe than the original limits in older API categories IIIF and IIIG WPDs are not directly comparable HD Categories use pvis only SH SJ SL SM SN hrs 375% 375% NA NA NA hrs 325% 325% 275% NA NA hrs 150% 150% 150% 150% 150% SH SJ SL SM SN IIIE WPD NA NA NA NA NA IIIF WPD NA NA 4 IIIG WPD

5 IIIF, IIIG and Chrysler Test Condition Comparison Procedure IIIF IIIG Chrysler Initial Oil Charge, L Oil Temperature, C Intake Air Temp, C Duration, hrs or 100 (TBD) Blowby, L/minute (recorded, not controlled, all oils) Oil Consumption, L (recorded, not controlled, all oils) Total Oil Addition, oz/20 hr 20~30 17~26 25~32 2.3~ ~ ~ (18 every 10 hours) Note that the industry has indicated a strong desire to minimize oil consumption and oil addition as they affect test results but not necessarily improve oxidation stability

6 WPD TMC IIIG Reference Oil Data LTMS ranges don t represent the full spread of reference oil results TMC 434-1, 74 runs TMC 435-2, 35 runs LTMS Range TMC 438, 151 runs IIIG WPD IIIG Kv40 increase, % GF-5 limits REO ~6.7 52~244 REO ~ ~331 REO ~ ~138 6 pvis

7 % pvis Increase % pvis Increase TMC Reference Oils Behave Differently in IIIG examples selected from highest and lowest pvis for each reference oil 434 has minimal increase then breaks sharply source of variation 435/438 pvis increases continuously with time WPD drops when oil breaks All other runs of each oil are bracketed within the two curves 434 WPD hour 7 WPD hour WPD

8 TMC IIIG Reference Oil Data vs. Chrysler Oxidation/Deposit Test Data WPD TMC 434-1, 74 runs TMC 435-2, 35 runs LTMS Range Chrysler data hrs Chrysler data WPD at 100 hrs TMC 438, 151 runs All data are within LTMS except pvis for TMC pvis

9 Ca, ppm Ca, ppm Ca Increase Is Directly Linked to Base Oil Evaporation TMC 434 IIIG TMC 435 IIIG Chrysler Chrysler hour Chrysler Oxidation/Deposit Test has reduced volatility effect as evident by low Ca accumulation Base oil evaporation alone does not necessarily lead to pvis increase Early hour pvis increases when the lighter fraction evaporates For example, no pvis increase if the entire base oil is PAO 4 9 TMC 438 hour IIIG hour Chrysler

10 SAE A. Boffa and S. Hirano, Formulation Impacts on Seq IIIG Viscosity Increase The study indicates initial viscosity increase is due to thickening from oil volatility Volatility effect could be estimated by assuming pvis increase in earlier hours is due to volatility alone and extrapolated linearly to 100 hours 10

11 pvis Corrected for Volatility Effect Take test key IIIG, the first reported TMC run, for example (Feb 21, 2011): Use slope function in Excel with 0, 20 and 40-hr pvis (the best linear fit over 3 data points), then extrapolate to 100 hours Corrected pvis is the reported IIIG pvis minus the extrapolation hr =208.4 hr =98.3 hr =110.1 Slope=

12 pvis-corrected Increase IIIG pvis-corrected data range The Chrysler Test Correlates with Volatility Corrected pvis Mean of pviscorrected 12

13 IIIG WPD data range IIIG WPD mean The Chrysler Test Correlated with IIIG WPD and Field Performance Demonstrated discrimination on WPD with TMC 434, 435, 438, REO2 and REO3 The WPD ranking in the Chrysler Test correlates with IIIG results one number offset probably due to differences in surface area and weighting factor 13

14 Summary Chrysler vs. IIIG The Chrysler test WPD correlates with IIIG and field tests without correction Value offset can be adjusted through change of weighting or multiplier, if desired The Chrysler test pvis correlates with IIIG pvis after correcting for volatility effect A necessity to achieve minimal oil addition and to maximize evaluation of oxidation stability 14

15 Possible Ways to Establish Replacement Limits with IIIF/IIIG Option 1: use IIIH as is without equivalent limit This is similar to the cases in SH/SJ where IIIF/IIIG limits are used in place of IIIE without adjustment Option 2: recognize the volatility effect and set the equivalent limit using corrected TMC reference oil data TMC 434/438 should be passing as in IIIG TMC 435 was borderline in IIIG due to base oil volatility, not lack of oxidative stability Option 3: run additional GF-5 oils to establish GF-5 baseline Similar to the way VID limits were set based on GF-4 oils ASTM/TMC data submission 15