Semantic Digital Libraries

Transcription

1 Semantic Digital Libraries

2 Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Bill McDaniel Editors Semantic Digital Libraries 123

3 Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Lower Dangan Galway Ireland Bill McDaniel Lower Dangan Galway Ireland ISBN e-isbn Library of Congress Control Number: ACM Computing Classification (1998): H.3, H.5, I.2 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: KünkelLopka, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

4 I dedicate this book to my gorgeous wife, Ewelina, who stayed with me through ups and downs ever since semantic digital libraries came in to our lifes and brought us to the far edge of Europe Sebastian Ryszard Kruk

5 This book is dedicated to my lovely wife, Linda, who has seen me through thick and thin, good and bad and who will, apparently, follow me anywhere in the world Bill McDaniel

6 Preface The Archchancellor turned the pages carefully. They were well illustrated. The Librarian knew his wizards. The Science of Discworld, Terry Pratchett Sebastian Kruk: In 2002, the Polish government initiated the creation of a national digital library that would deliver cultural heritage to each household through the Internet. At that time, I was focusing my research on information retrieval, supported by the upcoming technologies of the Semantic Web. It was Prof. Henryk Krawczyk from Gdansk University of Technology who helped me to align my research with the growing demand for digital library management systems. As a result, my Master s Thesis presented a prototype of a semantic digital library called Elvis-DL. Two years later, I was invited by Prof. Stefan Decker to continue my research on semantic digital libraries in the newly set up Digital Enterprise Research Institute in ; soon after which Elvis-DL became JeromeDL and opened a new chapter of my research on semantic digital libraries. Two years ago, after the first Tutorial on Semantic Digital Libraries that we gave at JCDL 2006, I met Bill and we started implementing the semantic digital libraries vision, particularly JeromeDL, in the context of elearning. The project got more momentum when my team was recently re-joined by Mariusz Cygan, who became the main architect and developer of JeromeDL. Along the way, I collaborated with many people who influenced and helped me to put the domain of semantic digital libraries into shape. To mention only a few who s help I appreciate the most: Prof. Daniel Schwabe, Bernhard Haslhofer, Predrag Knezevic, Sandy Payette, Dean Kraftt, and Traugott Koch.

7 X Preface Bill McDaniel: For me my adventures in electronic libraries began in the 1970s working in the UK with, and extending the capabilities of, IBM mainframe libraries that are used for source code storage and DataPoint minicomputer full text indexing methods. After returning to US in the early 1980s, I built electronic libraries and full text index access methods using VSAM under a variety of mainframe operating systems. These libraries were used in commercial software application products where it was required to store documents that are coded in IBM GML and in high speed printer data streams for intelligent document assembly systems. My second generation design included links to other documents and metadata tags that are attached to the documents for search purposes. Throughout the 1990s, I worked with unstructured data in the form of documents coded for composition, which ultimately encoded in Adobe Acrobat PDF. This work emphasized the value of tagged databases, interdocument linking, and the possibilities of hyperlinking text elements. But the new computing systems and PCs had no good library support for managing such document collections, for indexing the text, or for searching related and interlinked documents intelligently. In 1999, I became aware of the Semantic web and did some experiments of my own and turned to building initial semantically powered products. But the web did not have the structure for the easy tagging of documents. HTML was too limiting and XML was just getting started. Semantics required more time for maturation. By the early 2000s, when I joined Adobe, the chicken and egg problem of metadata acquisition was obvious I spent much of my time there working on building an automatic metadata entity extraction system while researching the possibilities of semantically powered systems. Joining DERI in 2006, I met Sebastian and learned about JeromeDL, the semantic digital library project here. In my capacity as elearning project executive, I have been able to see the semantic digital libraries emerging and the underlying challenges being met. At the same time, the potential of libraries which could interlink documents, books, users, and other entities on a semantic level, interoperating with a multitude of other systems, has become apparent. This book is a fascinating collection of papers about these possibilities, the work already completed, and the things to come. For me, it is a chance to see the long term vision of documents and their intricate potential become more fully realized. I hope every reader takes away as much insight from these chapters as I have gained by helping to gather and edit them.

8 Preface XI Dear reader, the book you hold in hand now is a result of the work of many people who saw the potential of applying semantic web and social networking technologies to digital libraries domain. It is an outcome of ongoing research in that newly established domain of discourse and of an intensive development of open source projects like FEDORA, BRICKS, Greenstone, SIMILE, and JeromeDL. We hope you will enjoy reading as much as we enjoyed researching, developing, and finally delivering this book., July 2008 Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Bill McDaniel

9 Contents Introduction Bill McDaniel and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Part I Introduction to Digital Libraries and Semantic Web Digital Libraries and Knowledge Organization Dagobert Soergel Semantic Web and Ontologies Marcin Synak, Maciej Dabrowski, and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Social Semantic Information Spaces John G. Breslin Part II A Vision of Semantic Digital Libraries Goals of Semantic Digital Libraries Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel Architecture of Semantic Digital Libraries Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Westerki, and Ewelina Kruk Long-time Preservation Markus Reis Part III Ontologies for Semantic Digital Libraries Bibliographic Ontology Maciej Dabrowski, Macin Synak, and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk

10 XIV Contents Community-aware Ontologies Slawomir Grzonkowski, Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Gzella, Jakub Demczuk, and Bill McDaniel Part IV Prototypes of Semantic Digital Libraries JeromeDL The Social Semantic Digital Library Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Mariusz Cygan, Adam Gzella, Tomasz Woroniecki, and Maciej Dabrowski The BRICKS Digital Library Infrastructure Bernhard Haslhofer and Predrag Knežević Semantics in Greenstone Annika Hinze, George Buchanan, David Bainbridge, and Ian Witten Part V Building the Future Semantic Digital Libraries in Use Hyperbooks Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima, and Jean-Claude Ziswiler Semantic Digital Libraries for Archiving Bill McDaniel Evaluation of Semantic and Social Technologies for Digital Libraries Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Ewelina Kruk, and Katarzyna Stankiewicz Conclusions: The Future of Semantic Digital Libraries Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel References Index

11 List of Contributors David Bainbridge Department of Computer Science University of Waikato New Zealand John G. Breslin George Buchanan Department of Computer Science University of Swansea United Kingdom Mariusz Cygan Maciej Dabrowski Jakub Demczuk Gilles Falquet Centre Universitaire d Informatique University of Geneva 1227 Carouge, Switzerland falquet@cui.unige.ch Slawomir Grzonkowski slawomir.grzonkowski@deri.org Adam Gzella adam.gzella@deri.org Bernhard Haslhofer Department of Distributed and Multimedia Systems University of Vienna Vienna, Austria bernhard.haslhofer@univie.ac.at

12 XVI List of Contributors Annika Hinze Department of Computer Science University of Waikato New Zealand Predrag Knežević Freelancer Consultant Darmstadt Germany Ewelina Kruk Sebastian Ryszard Kruk,,, Bill McDaniel Luka Nerima Centre Universitaire d Informatique University of Geneva 1227 Carouge, Switzerland nerima@cui.unige.ch Markus Reis Austrian Research Centers Research Studio Digital Memory Engineering Vienna, Austria markus.reis@researchstudio.at Dagobert Soergel College of Information Studies University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA dsoergel@umd.edu Katarzyna Stankiewicz Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 Gdansk, Poland kst@zie.pg.gda.pl Marcin Synak Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 Gdansk, Poland msynak@wp.pl Adam Westerski adam.westerski@deri.org Ian Witten Department of Computer Science University of Waikato New Zealand ihw@cs.waikato.ac.nz Tomasz Woroniecki tomasz.woroniecki@deri.org Jean-Claude Ziswiler Centre Universitaire d Informatique University of Geneva 1227 Carouge, Switzerland ziswiler@cui.unige.ch