Software Development for SAP R/3

Transcription

1 Software Development for SAP R/3

2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

3 Ulrich Mende Software Development for SAP R/3 Data Dictionary, ABAP/4, Interfaces With Diskette With 124 Figures and Many Example Programs i Springer

4 Dr. Ulrich Mende EDP Consultancy Senefelder Str Fredersdorf/ Berlin, Germany u.mende.edv@t -online.de "SAP" is a registered trademark ofsap Aktiengesellschaft, Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing, Neurottstrasse 16, Walldorf, Germany. The author and Springer Verlag gratefully acknowledge SAP 's kind permission to use its trademark in this publication. SAP AG is not the publisher of this book and is not responsible for it under any aspect of press law. In particular, R/3 and ABAP/4 are registered trademarks ofsap, and all screenshots in this book taken from these systems are subject to the copyright by SAP AG. Additional material to this book can be downloaded from ISBN ACM Computing Classification {1998): D.2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mende, Ulrich. (Softwareentwicklung für R/3. En~isch) Software development for SAP R/3 : data dictionary, ABAP/4, interfaces/ Ulrich Mende. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / SAP R/3. 2.ABAP/4 (Computer program language) 3. Client/server computing. I. Title HF R2M '.0285' dc CIP This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2000 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 2000 The use of designations, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Künkel + Lopka, Heidelberg SPIN /3142PS

5 For my wife Ingrid and my daugther Julia

6 Preface The use of commercial standard software is increasing in importance throughout the world. With its R/3 product, SAP AG has brought the package on the market that provides the most comprehensive functionality. When standard solutions are used, there is, a priori, a conflict of aims between what the standard offers and the company-specific requirements. SAP counters this in the R/3 System by building a modular software that can be customized to meet the customer requirements. However, many users still see themselves forced to make in-house developments, to various degrees, to fit the R/3 System. Here they can use the ABAP Workbench that SAP supplies with every system. The present book targets those persons who need to perform these customer-oriented supplementary developments. It leads the reader through the fundamentals of software development within the R/3 System using the ABAP Workbench. These principles differ from other development environments, in particular, through their complexity and the close integration with the R/3 System. Because an installation for testing and training purposes on the PC at home is not an option, I considered a structured, understandable introduction to the material in the form of a book to be more important. If you initially read the book "offline" from an R/3 System, you will have it much easier later when you use the system directly. You will be familiar with new terms and their interrelationships. You can then concentrate on their form in the system-user interface and the operation of the system. I am grateful to the Mummert + Partner Consultancy AG, who provided me with generous background and technical support for this book project. In particular, I would like to thank my colleague, Rainer Illmann, who read the manuscript and provided important comments; Frank Wachtel, who wrote the programs and text parts in Chapter 6; Bernd Jastrow, who developed the transaction manager in Chapter 9; Jens Schotzig and Carola Rensen, who as administrators supported me and provided information for Chapter 2. My thanks also go to Anthony Rudd, who translated the text into English, and Axel FraBdorf, who adapted the data and sample programs into English. I would also like to thank Springer-Verlag, especially Hans Wossner, for the excellent cooperation. Berlin, January 2000 Ulrich Mende

7 Table of Contents 1 Introduction Content and Aim of the Book Limitations R/3 Computer and Software Architecture Three-level Client-Server Architecture Software Architecture Operational Modes for Developers The Example - A Service System Logical Data Model Use of the Example Data Dictionary and Data Modeler Data Dictionary Data Modeler Workbench Program Development Objects Primary Objects Use of the Workbench Important Workbench Tools ABAP/4 Fundamentals ABAP/4 Characteristics Internal Fields Output Instructions - WRITE, SKIP, UUNE, NEW-PAGE Control Instructions Field Strings Internal Tables User-Defined Data Types - TYPES Field Symbols - FIELD-SYMBOLS, ASSIGN Database Access Using Open SQL Database Access with Native SQL

8 X Table of Contents 7 Interactive Reports Event Control Texts and Menus List Processing Group Change Advanced Programming Techniques Macros and Includes Subprogram Technique Using Forms Data Exchange Between Reports Logical Databases Function Groups and Function Modules Authorization Checks Development of Dialog Transactions Concept Dialog Program Components and Their Processing Screen Processing A Screen Flow Control Example 1: Hand Calculator Screen Layout Features Example 2: Two Table Controls on a Dynpro Database Operations Example 3: Updating Action Transaction Manager for Complex Business Transactions Background Processing Concept Interactive Processing with the Job Control Programming the Job Control - an Example loa Special Questions Concerning the Background Processing File Interfaces Read and Write Files on the Application Server Read and Write PC Files Processing of the Data from an ASCII File Logical File Interfaces (LFI) Batch Input Concept Classic Batch Input Using Sessions Batch Input Using CALL TRANSACTION

9 Table of Contents XI 13 Desktop Integration Remote Function Call (RFC) Desktop Integration with OLE Development Aids Pretty Printer and Program Checks Testing of Function Modules Dump Analysis Debugger SQL Trace Runtime Analyses Appendix A Important System Fields from the SYST Structure B Important Transaction Codes C Programs D Sample Tables E Diskette Contents Bibliography Index