Vocabulary Cards and Word Walls

Transcription

1 Vocabulary Cards and Word Walls Revised: September 9, 2011 Important Notes for Teachers: The vocabulary cards in this file match the Common Core, the mathematics learning standards adopted by the Washington State Board of Education on July 11, The cards are arranged alphabetically. Each card has three sections: o o Section 1 contains only the word. It is to be used as a visual aid for spelling, pronunciation, and when students are writing their own kid-friendly definition or drawing their own graphic. Section 2 adds a graphic to the word. This provides additional contet clues as a model. o Section 3. has the word, a graphic, and a definition. This can be used for a Word Wall in the classroom. These cards are designed to help all students with math content vocabulary, including ELL, Gifted and Talented, Special Education, and Regular Education students. For possible additions or corrections to the vocabulary cards, contact the Pasco School District at Bibliography of Definition Sources: Algebra to Go, Great Source, ISBN Math on Call, Great Source, ISBN-13: Math at Hand, Great Source, ISBN Math to Know, Great Source, ISBN Illustrated Dictionary of Math, Usborne Publishing Ltd., ISBN Math Dictionary, Eula Ewing Monroe, Boyds Mills Press, ISBN-13: Student Reference Books, Everyday Mathematics, Houghton-Mifflin eglossary, Interactive Math Dictionary,

2 absolute value absolute - 5 = 5 value absolute value - 5 = 5 The distance of a number from zero on the number line. Always positive.

3 acute triangle acute triangle acute triangle A triangle with no angle measuring 90º or more.

4 addend = 38.6 addend addends addend = 38.6 addends Any number being added.

5 Additive Identity Property of 0 Additive Identity Property of 0 a + 0 = a Additive Identity Property of 0 a + 0 = a Adding zero to a number gives a sum identical to the given number.

6 additive inverses additive inverses 5 + (-5) = 0 additive inverses 5 + (-5) = 0 Two numbers whose sum is 0 are additive inverses of one another.

7 algebraic epression algebraic epression algebraic epression A group of numbers, symbols, and variables that epress an operation or a series of operations.

8 algorithm Partial Product Eample algorithm Step 1: Multiply the ones. 350 Step 2: Multiply the tens Step 3: Multiply the hundreds Step 4: Add the partial products. algorithm Partial Product Eample Step 1: Multiply the ones. 350 Step 2: Multiply the tens Step 3: Multiply the hundreds Step 4: Add the partial products. A step-by-step method for computing.

9 altitude altitude or height altitude base altitude or height altitude The perpendicular distance from a verte to the opposite side of a plane figure. base

10 area area 2 rows of 5 = 10 square units or 2 5 = 10 square units area 2 rows of 5 = 10 square units or 2 5 = 10 square units The measure, in square units, of the interior region of a 2-dimensional figure or the surface of a 3-dimensional figure.

11 Associative Property of Addition Associative Property of Addition (5 + 7) + 3 = 5 + (7 + 3) = = 15 Associative Property of Addition (5 + 7) + 3 = 5 + (7 + 3) = = 15 The sum stays the same when the grouping of addends is changed. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c), where a, b, and c stand for any real numbers.

12 Associative Property of Multiplication Associative Property of Multiplication (5 7) 3 = 5 (7 3) 35 3 = = 105 Associative Property of Multiplication (5 7) 3 = 5 (7 3) 35 3 = = 105 The product stays the same when the grouping of factors is changed. (a b) c = a (b c), where a, b, and c stand for any real numbers.

13 attribute attribute large triangle pink attribute large triangle pink A characteristic. e.g. size, shape or color

14 ais y-ais ais -ais y-ais ais -ais A reference line from which distances or angles are measured in a coordinate grid. (plural aes)

15 base of a polygon base of a altitude or height polygon base altitude or height base of a polygon The side of a polygon that is perpendicular to the altitude or height. base

16 bo plot bo plot bo plot A diagram that shows the five number summary of a distribution. (Five number summary includes lowest value, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and highest value.)

17 cluster cluster cluster cluster cluster A group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely together on a graph.

18 coefficient coefficient coefficient coefficient A coefficient numerical factor in a term of an algebraic epression.

19 common denominator common denominator 12 is a common denominator for 2 3 and 3 4 common denominator 12 is a common denominator for 2 3 and 3 4 For two or more fractions, a common denominator is a common multiple of the denominators.

20 common factor common factor 12 (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12) 18 (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18) Common Factors of 12 and 18: 1, 2, 3, 6 common factor 12 (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12) 18 (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18) Common Factors of 12 and 18: 1, 2, 3, 6 Any common factor of two or more numbers.

21 common multiple common multiple 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 Common Multiples of 4 and 6: 12, 24, 36 common multiple 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 Common Multiples of 4 and 6: 12, 24, 36 Any common multiple of two or more numbers.

22 Commutative Property of Addition Commutative Property of Addition = Commutative Property of Addition = The sum stays the same when the order of the addends is changed. a + b = b + a, where a and b are any real numbers.

23 Commutative Property of Multiplication Commutative Property of 4 7 = 7 4 Multiplication Commutative Property of Multiplication 4 7 = 7 4 The product stays the same when the order of the factors is changed. a b = b a, where a and b are any real numbers.

24 compose 2 triangles can form a rectangle. compose 2 triangles can form a rectangle. compose To put together, as in numbers or shapes.

25 constant constant constant constant constant A number with a value that is always the same.

26 constant speed constant speed constant speed Movement at a fied (constant) distance per unit of time.

27 coordinate pair coordinate pair (-5, 2) (, y) coordinate pair (-5, 2) (, y) A pair of numbers that gives the coordinates of a point on a grid in this order (horizontal coordinate, vertical coordinate). Also known as an ordered pair.

28 coordinate plane coordinate plane coordinate plane A 2-dimensional system in which the coordinates of a point are its distances from two intersecting, usually perpendicular, straight lines called aes. (Also called coordinate grid or coordinate system.)

29 coordinate system coordinate system coordinate system Also known as a coordinate grid. A 2-dimensional system in which the coordinates of a point are its distances from two intersecting, usually perpendicular, straight lines called aes.

30 coordinates coordinates (3,-5) (, y) coordinates (3,-5) (, y) An ordered pair of numbers that identify a point on a coordinate plane.

31 cube cube cube A rectangular solid having si congruent square faces.

32 customary system customary system customary system A system of measurement used in the U.S. The system includes units for measuring length, capacity, and weight.

33 data data Number of School Carnival Tickets Sold Kindergarten 22 1 st Grade 15 2 nd Grade 34 3 rd Grade 9 4 th Grade 16 5 th Grade 29 6 th Grade 11 data Number of School Carnival Tickets Sold Kindergarten 22 1 st Grade 15 2 nd Grade 34 3 rd Grade 9 4 th Grade 16 5 th Grade 29 6 th Grade 11 Information, especially numerical information. Usually organized for analysis.

34 decompose decompose = decompose = To separate into components or basic elements.

35 denominator denominator 3 4 denominator denominator 3 4 denominator The quantity below the line in a fraction. It tells the number of equal parts into which a whole is divided.

36 dependent variable dependent variable # Bikes Wheels dependent variable # Bikes Wheels In a function, a variable whose value is determined by the value of the related independent variable.

37 difference difference = difference difference = difference The amount that remains after one quantity is subtracted from another.

38 distribution distribution Age of People Attending a Movie Age Ranges Tally Frequency 0-9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II 2 distribution Age of People Attending a Movie Age Ranges Tally Frequency 0-9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II 2 A table that shows how many there are of each type of data.

39 Distributive Property Distributive Property Eample: 5(6 + 8) = (5 6) + (5 8) Distributive Property Eample: 5(6 + 8) = (5 6) + (5 8) a (b + c) = (a b) + (a c) and a (b c) = (a b) (a c), where a, b, and c stand for any real numbers.

40 dividend dividend dividend dividend dividend A quantity to be divided.

41 divisor divisor divisor divisor divisor The quantity by which another quantity is to be divided.

42 dot plot dot plot dot plot Also known as a line plot. A diagram showing frequency of data on a number line. Number of Pets Number of Pets

43 double number line diagram double number line diagram double number line diagram A graphic diagram that shows a proportional relationship between two quantities.

44 equation equation 9 3 = equation 9 3 = A statement that two mathematical epressions are equal.

45 equilateral triangle equilateral triangle equilateral triangle A triangle whose sides are all the same length.

46 equivalent equivalent = equivalent = Naming the same number.

47 equivalent ratio equivalent ratio 6 2 = 12 4 Both ratios simplify to 1 2. equivalent ratio 6 2 = 12 4 Both ratios simplify to 1 2. If two ratios have the same value when simplified, then they are called equivalent ratios.

48 evaluate evaluate = n n = 29 evaluate = n n = 29 To find the value of a mathematical epression.

49 eponent eponent 5 2 eponent eponent 5 2 eponent The number that tells how many equal factors there are.

50 epression epression epression A variable or combination of variables, numbers, and symbols that represents a mathematical relationship.

51 factor factor 2 6 = 12 factors factor 2 6 = 12 factors An integer that divides evenly into another.

52 first quartile first Q1 quartile first quartile Q1 The first quartile is the middle (the median) of the lower half of the data on a bo plot. One-fourth of the data lies below the first quartile and threefourths lies above. Also known as Q1.

53 formula formula formula Volume of a cube is V = s 3 Volume of a cube is V = s 3 A general mathematical statement or rule.

54 fraction fraction What is 3 4? fraction What is 3 4? A way of representing part of a whole or part of a group by telling the number of equal parts in the whole and the number of parts you are describing.

55 gap gap gap gap gap A place on a graph where no data values are present.

56 graph Students Taking Bus graph th Grade 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Grade Students Taking Bus graph th Grade 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Grade A pictorial device used to show a numerical relationship.

57 greater than greater than 5 5 > 3 3 greater than 5 5 > 3 3 Greater than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is larger than the second number.

58 greatest common factor greatest common factor 12 (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12) 18 (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18) GCF = 6 greatest common factor 12 (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12) 18 (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18) GCF = 6 GCF. The largest factor of two or more numbers.

59 height altitude or height height base height base altitude or height The perpendicular distance from a verte to the opposite side of a plane figure.

60 number of people number of people histogram Ages of People Attending a Movie 8 histogram age Ages of People Attending a Movie histogram A bar graph in which the labels for the bars are numerical intervals age

61 improper fraction improper fraction 5 3 The numerator is greater than the denominator. improper fraction 5 3 The numerator is greater than the denominator. A fraction with a numerator greater than (or equal to) its denominator.

62 independent variable independent variable # Bikes Wheels independent variable # Bikes Wheels A variable in a mathematical equation whose value determines that of a dependent variable.

63 inequality inequality < 20 2 inequality < 20 2 A mathematical sentence that compares two unequal epressions using one of the symbols <, >,,, or.

64 infinite infinite infinite Having no boundaries or limits.

65 integers integers START integers START The set of whole numbers and their opposites.

66 interquartile range interquartile interquartile range range interquartile range interquartile range The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile.

67 isosceles triangle isosceles triangle isosceles triangle A triangle that has at least two congruent sides.

68 least common multiple least common multiple 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 LCM = 24 least common multiple 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 LCM = 24 LCM. The smallest common multiple of a set of two or more numbers.

69 less than less than 3 3 < 5 5 less than < 5 Less than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is smaller than the second number.

70 line plot line plot line plot Also known as a dot plot. A diagram showing frequency of data on a number line. Number of Pets Number of Pets

71 lower etreme lower lower etreme etreme lower etreme lower etreme The smallest or least number out of a data set, usually farther away from interquartile range than other data in set. (Also known as minimum.)

72 magnitude magnitude Eample: If this man owes $75 on a bill, that is -$75. The magnitude of his debt is described as: -$75 = $75 magnitude Eample: If this man owes $75 on a bill, that is -$75. The magnitude of his debt is described as: -$75 = $75 Size; a property by which something can be compared as larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind.

73 maimum maimum The maimum is 5. Number of Pets maimum The maimum is 5. The largest amount; the greatest number in a data set. Number of Pets

74 mean mean Data Set: 14, 21, 27, 33, 45, 46, 52 Step 1: = 238 Step 2: = 34 mean mean Data Set: 14, 21, 27, 33, 45, 46, 52 Step 1: = 238 Step 2: = 34 mean The sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of elements in the set. (A type of average)

75 mean absolute deviation mean absolute deviation The weights of the three people are 56 Kgs, 78 Kgs, and 88 Kgs. Step 1: Find the mean. ( )/3 = 74 Step 2: Determine the deviation of each variable from the mean = = =16 Step 3: Make the deviation absolute by squaring and determining the roots. (eliminate the negative) ( )/3 = is the mean absolute deviation. mean absolute deviation The weights of the three people are 56 Kgs, 78 Kgs, and 88 Kgs. Step 1: Find the mean. ( )/3 = 74 Step 2: Determine the deviation of each variable from the mean = = =16 Step 3: Make the deviation absolute by squaring and determining the roots. (eliminate the negative) ( )/3 = is the mean absolute deviation. In statistics, the absolute deviation of an element of a data set is the absolute difference between that element and a given point.

76 measure of center measure of center Number of Pets Eamples: Mode = 1 Median = 2 Mean = 2.3 measure of center Number of Pets Eamples: Mode = 1 Median = 2 Mean = 2.3 An average; a single value that is used to represent a collection of data. Three commonly used types of averages are mode, median, and mean. (Also called measures of central tendency or measures of average.)

77 measure of variation measure of variation Range = 4 Number of Pets measure of variation Number of Pets Range = 4 A measure of how much a collection of data is spread out. Commonly used types include range and quartiles. (Also known as spread or dispersion.)

78 median median 14, 21, 27, 33, 45, 46, 52 median median 14, 21, 27, 33, 45, 46, 52 median The middle number of a set of numbers when the numbers are arranged from least to greatest, or the mean of two middle numbers when the set has two middle numbers.

79 metric system metric system metric system A system of measurement based on tens. The basic unit of capacity is the liter. The basic unit of length is the meter. The basic unit of mass is the gram.

80 minimum minimum The minimum is 1. Number of Pets minimum The minimum is 1. The smallest amount; the smallest number in a data set. Number of Pets

81 minuend minuend = 15.3 minuend minuend = 15.3 minuend In subtraction, the minuend is the number you subtract from.

82 mied number mied number Eample: mied number Eample: A number with an integer and a fraction part.

83 multiple Eample: multiple Multiples of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 multiple Eample: Multiples of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 The product of a whole number and any other whole number.

84 Multiplicative Identity Property of 1 Multiplicative Identity Property of 1 a 1 = 1 a = a Multiplicative Identity Property of 1 a 1 = 1 a = a The product of any number and 1 is equal to the original number.

85 multiplicative inverses multiplicative inverses 5 1 5= 1 multiplicative inverses multiplicative inverses 5 1 5= 1 multiplicative inverses Two numbers whose product is 1. Also called reciprocals.

86 negative numbers negative numbers negative numbers Numbers less than 0.

87 net net net A 2-dimensional shape that can be folded into a 3-dimensional figure is a net of that figure. (Also called a network.)

88 number line number line number line A diagram that represents numbers as points on a line.

89 numerator numerator 3 5 numerator numerator 3 5 numerator The number or epression written above the line in a fraction.

90 numerical epression numerical epression numerical epression A mathematical statement including numbers and operations.

91 obtuse triangle obtuse triangle obtuse triangle A triangle that contains one angle with a measure greater than 90º (obtuse angle) and two acute angles.

92 opposite opposite +3 and -3 are opposites. +3 and -3 are opposites. opposite Having a different sign but the same numeral.

93 Order of Operations Order of Operations Order of Operations Rules describing what sequence to use in evaluating epressions. (1) Evaluate within grouping symbols. (2) Do powers or roots. (3) Multiply or divide left to right. (4) Add or subtract left to right.

94 ordered pair ordered pair (-5, 2) (, y) ordered pair (-5, 2) (, y) A pair of numbers that gives the coordinates of a point on a grid in this order (horizontal coordinate, vertical coordinate). Also known as a coordinate pair.

95 origin origin origin The intersection of the - and y-aes in a coordinate plane, described by the ordered pair (0, 0).

96 outlier outlier outlier outlier outlier A number in a set of data that is much larger or smaller than most of the other numbers in the set.

97 percent percent percent 80% of the pentagon is shaded. 80% of the pentagon is shaded. A special ratio that compares a number to 100 using the symbol %.

98 plot plot The point is plotted at (3, -2). plot The point is plotted at (3, -2). To place points on a graph or coordinate plane.

99 polygon polygon polygon A closed figure formed from line segments that meet only at their endpoints.

100 positive numbers positive numbers positive numbers Numbers that are greater than zero.

101 prism prism prism A 3-dimensional figure that has two congruent and parallel faces that are polygons. The remaining faces are parallelograms.

102 product Sunglasses are $9.95 a pair. product $ $29.85 product product Sunglasses are $9.95 a pair. $ $29.85 product The result of multiplication.

103 proportion proportion 2 4 = proportion 2 4 = An equation showing that two ratios are equivalent.

104 pyramid pyramid pyramid A polyhedron whose base is a polygon and whose other faces are triangles that share a common verte.

105 quadrants y Quadrant II Quadrant I quadrants Quadrant III Quadrant IV y quadrants Quadrant II Quadrant III Quadrant I Quadrant IV The four sections of a coordinate grid that are separated by the aes.

106 quadrilateral quadrilateral quadrilateral A four-sided polygon.

107 quantity quantity 3 candies for 5 cents. quantity 3 candies for 5 cents. An amount.

108 quotient quotient quotient 15 R quotient quotient R 2 The result of the division of one quantity by another.

109 range range 5 1 = 4 Range is 4. Number of Pets range 5 1 = 4 Range is 4. The difference between the greatest number and the least number in a set of numbers. Number of Pets

110 rate rate The car was traveling 65 miles per hour on the freeway. rate A ratio comparing two different units. The car was traveling 65 miles per hour on the freeway.

111 ratio ratio The ratio of chocolate bars to boys is 3:2. ratio The ratio of chocolate bars to boys is 3:2. A comparison of two numbers using division.

112 rational number rational number rational number A number that can be epressed as a ratio of two integers.

113 reciprocals reciprocals 5 1 5= 1 reciprocals 5 1 5= 1 reciprocals reciprocals Two numbers whose product is 1. Also called multiplicative inverses.

114 rectangle rectangle rectangle A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent, parallel sides and four right angles.

115 right rectangular prism right rectangular prism right rectangular prism A prism with si rectangular faces where the lateral edge is perpendicular to the plane of the base.

116 right triangle right triangle right triangle A triangle that has one 90º angle.

117 scalene triangle scalene triangle scalene triangle A triangle that has no congruent sides.

118 signed number signed number signed number Positive or negative number.

119 solid figure solid figure solid figure A geometric figure with 3 dimensions.

120 Frequency Frequency spread 16 Number of Weeks on the Top 200 Chart spread Range = Number of Weeks spread Number of Weeks on the Top 200 Chart Number of Weeks Range = 80 A measure of how much a collection of data is spread out. Commonly used types include range and quartiles. (Also known as measures of variation or dispersion.)

121 square-based pyramid square-based pyramid square-based pyramid A polyhedron whose base is a square and whose other faces are triangles that share a common verte.

122 statistical variability statistical variability statistical variability A variability or spread in a variable or a probability distribution. Common eamples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range.

123 statistics This baseball card shows statistics for a famous baseball player. statistics statistics This baseball card shows statistics for a famous baseball player. The science of collecting, organizing, representing, and interpreting data.

124 substitution If is equal to 9, then substitution =? 8(9) + 4 = 76 substitution If is equal to 9, then =? 8(9) + 4 = 76 The replacement of the letters in an algebraic epression with known values.

125 subtrahend subtrahend subtrahend subtrahend subtrahend In subtraction, the subtrahend is the number being subtracted.

126 sum sum = sum = sum The result of addition. sum

127 surface area surface area Surface Area = 40 square centimeters surface area Surface Area = 40 square centimeters The total area of the faces (including the bases) and curved surfaces of a solid figure.

128 table table Student Number of Books Read in the Summer Sara 3 Jose 8 Timothy 2 Belinda 3 Gretchen 11 Trevor 7 table Student Number of Books Read in the Summer Sara 3 Jose 8 Timothy 2 Belinda 3 Gretchen 11 Trevor 7 An organized way to list data. Tables usually have rows and columns of data.

129 tape diagram tape diagram 156 vehicles drove by the school. There were 3 times as many passenger cars as trucks. How many vehicles were trucks? tape diagram 156 vehicles drove by the school. There were 3 times as many passenger cars as trucks. How many vehicles were trucks? A drawing that looks like a segment of tape, used to illustrate number relationships. Also known as a strip diagram, bar model, fraction strip, or length model.

130 term term terms term terms A number, variable, product, or quotient in an epression. A term is not a sum or difference.

131 third quartile third Q3 quartile third quartile Q3 The third quartile is the middle (the median) of the upper half of the data on a bo plot. One-fourth of the data lies above the third quartile and threefourths lies below. Also known as Q3.

132 three-dimensional threedimensional threedimensional 3-D. Eisting in 3 dimensions; having length, width, and height.

133 triangular prism triangular prism triangular prism A prism with three rectangular faces and two triangular bases where the lateral edge is perpendicular to the plane of the base.

134 triangular pyramid triangular pyramid triangular pyramid A pyramid with a triangular base.

135 unit cube unit cube 1 cm Volume of 1 cubic (cm 3 ) centimeter 1 cm 1 cm unit cube 1 cm Volume of 1 cubic (cm 3 ) centimeter 1 cm 1 cm A precisely fied quantity used to measure volume.

136 unit rate unit rate Cereal is $0.43 per 1 ounce. unit rate Cereal is $0.43 per 1 ounce. A rate with a denominator of 1.

137 upper etreme upper upper etreme etreme upper etreme upper etreme The greatest or largest number out of a data set, usually farther away from interquartile range than other data in set. (Also known as maimum.)

138 value 5 2 = 23 value The value of is 5. value 5 2 = 23 The value of is 5. The amount something is worth.

139 variable variable 2n + 3 = 11 variable variable 2n + 3 = 11 variable A quantity that changes or can have different values. A symbol, usually a letter, that can stand for a variable quantity.

140 verte verte verte verte verte The point at which two line segments, lines, or rays meet to form an angle. (plural vertices)

141 volume volume Volume = 27 cubic units volume Volume = 27 cubic units The number of cubic units it takes to fill a figure.

142 whole numbers whole numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 whole numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 Any of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on.

143 a-ais -ais -ais -ais -ais In a Cartesian grid, the horizontal ais.

144 -coordinate -coordinate (7, 2) -coordinate -coordinate (7, 2) -coordinate In an ordered pair, the value that is always written first.

145 y-ais y-ais y-ais y-ais y-ais In a Cartesian grid, the vertical ais.

146 y-coordinate y-coordinate (7, 2) y-coordinate y-coordinate (7, 2) y-coordinate In an ordered pair, the value that is always written second.