Structural and Civil Coordination Rob Clark Excitech Ltd Graham Stewart Ramboll UK

Transcription

1 Structural and Civil Coordination Rob Clark Excitech Ltd Graham Stewart Ramboll UK SE2477-L It is common that structural and civil engineering need to coordinate closely. Examples include forming retaining walls at the correct height, ensuring that foundations do not clash with existing and proposed utilities on-site, and ensuring that a site is correctly graded to host a bridge. In this hands-on lab, we will build a basic site in AutoCAD Civil 3D software, then we will extract the coordinates and use Autodesk Revit Structure software to develop our site coordination. Then we will use Autodesk Navisworks software to clash detect between the Revit structural foundations and Civil 3D utilities. We will produce a clash report before switching back to clash resolve. Attendees should have some experience with AutoCAD and Revit. Learning Objectives At the end of this lab, you will be able to: Manually manipulate site coordinates between Civil 3D, Revit, and Navisworks Coordinate multi-structure sites effectively using the Revit and Navisworks environment Detect clashes between utility information and structural information Describe technical aspects of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) workflows possible in Autodesk Infrastructure Design Suite About the Speaker From his original career in the Structural, Architectural and Civil profession, working in partnership with many major UK AEC firms, Rob has developed practical skills and diverse knowledge of best practice, protocols and procedures. From this experience he is further able to draw on extensive technical expertise including platform knowledge in Autodesk Revit software, AutoCAD, Civil 3D and Navisworks. As a result of his knowledge, Rob has acted as the Autodesk Revit champion for a large organization he was previously working in partnership with. Rob likes to help others, and assists in helping youngsters in the UK to develop into Architects and Engineers, as well as being part of the Revit User Group community including committee membership. Very much part of the #UKBIMCrew, Rob enjoys working and networking in the current culture of innovation in the UK construction industries. Rob Clark, Consultant, Excitech Ltd. Autodesk Platinum Partner Consulting Specialized Web, , rob.clark@excitech.co.uk LinkedIn, Blog,

2 About the Co-Speaker Graham Is a BIM Associate who has over 20 year s experience in the AEC industry (covering 10+ years using various 3D software packages including 5+ years using Revit) specialising in BIM & Revit. Responsible for managing the Revit Platform in the UK and structural BIM development in Ramboll UK s Northern Region, seen as a leader in BIM and part of many company initiatives. In 2009 Graham co-founded GRUG - The Glasgow Revit User Group which holds meetings with like-minded professionals within the industry covering Architecture, Structures, Building Services, Contractors & Education. Graham is also a Certified Autodesk Revit Architecture 2012 Professional. graham.stewart@ramboll.co.uk Blog: Introduction Welcome Thank you for participating in this AU lab. I have created it as over the years of implementing BIM solutions while working with software such as Autodesk Revit and AutoCAD Civil 3D, there is an issue that arises time after time the coordination of the information over multiple platforms. - Rob Clark Pre-requisites This lab is aimed at an intermediate level. Autodesk Revit AutoCAD Civil 3D Autodesk Navisworks At least a basic knowledge is required Basic knowledge of AutoCAD is required No prior experience needed. 2

3 Requirements Software used Autodesk Revit 2013 for authoring and editing of the structural model and creation of the site model. AutoCAD Civil 3D 2013 for management of coordinate systems (in this case the UK Ordnance Survey), survey information, topographical surfaces and underground utility systems. Autodesk Navisworks Manage 2013 for the coordination of the Revit and Civil 3D models in a single environment and to clash detect between Revit and Civil elements, in this case structural foundations and underground utilities. Autodesk Suites Autodesk Building Design Suite contains Revit and Navisworks. AutoCAD Civil 3D needs to be obtained separately. Autodesk Infrastructure Design Suite contains Revit Structure, AutoCAD Civil 3D and Navisworks 3

4 Important Additional Requirements AutoCAD Civil 3D Object Enablers In order to enable the workflow, we need to install the Civil 3D object enablers, otherwise the surface created in AutoCAD Civil 3D does not appear solid in Navisworks. The Civil 3D 2013 object enabler allows us to access and work with Civil 3D 2013 objects in the following software; AutoCAD 2013-based products Autodesk 3ds Max Design Autodesk 3ds Max Autodesk Navisworks Manage Autodesk Navisworks Review Autodesk Navisworks Simulate Autodesk Impression Autodesk Storm and Sanitary Analysis Autodesk DWG TrueView This is a separate download and installation, please download it from, Short Link Long Link &linkID= PTO for Navisworks Exporter Requirement 4

5 Autodesk Navisworks Exporter In order for the Navisworks Switchback facility to work you need to install the Navisworks Exporters. These should already be installed if you installed the Autodesk Building or Infrastructure Design Suites or have installed Navisworks after Autodesk Revit and AutoCAD Civil 3D. However if you installed Autodesk Revit or AutoCAD Civil 3D after Autodesk Navisworks they will be missing further it is possible to skip this part of the installation when installing Autodesk Navisworks or one of the suites. To check installation, run the command NWCOUT in AutoCAD Civil 3D, if unknown the exporter is not installed. In Autodesk Revit, go to the Add-In s tab, Extentions pull down, if the Navisworks and Navisworks Switchback options are not available the exporter is not present. To install the Autodesk Navisworks Exporters; 1. You need to have Autodesk Navisworks installed. 2. Close all Autodesk software. 3. Go to Windows button > Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features 4. Select Double-click Autodesk Navisworks or 64 bit Exporter Plug-ins. NOTE: Ensure you select the Exporter Plug-ins and not the Language Packs. 5. Click Add or Remove Features. 6. Select Revit 2013 and AutoCAD 2013 if it is not already selected. 7. NOTE: If the Revit 2013 or AutoCAD 2013 option is not available then click Browse to locate it in your directory. 8. Follow the update process, clicking Yes on any further dialog boxes. 9. Restart Revit and AutoCAD Civil 3D. 10. To check installation, run the command NWCOUT in AutoCAD Civil 3D, if successful the Exporter is installed. In Autodesk Revit, go to the Add-In s tab, Extensions pull down, if the Navisworks and Navisworks Switchback options are present then the Exporter is installed. Switchback should now work for both applications. 5

6 Learn more about these Autodesk products If you want to learn more about any of these software packages, there are the following recorded web seminars on the Excitech website; An Introduction to Revit Structure 2013 Web Seminar Roads and Highways Design in AutoCAD Civil 3D Quantity Take-off in AutoCAD Civil 3D Storm and Sanitary Analysis in AutoCAD Civil 3D Introduction to Autodesk Navisworks for construction sequencing & clash detection BIM Project Collaboration (Revit & Navisworks) Short Link Long Link 6

7 Lab Structure 4 Key Stages This lab is split into four key stages Stage 1. Identify Build a site surface and establish site coordinates Stage 2. Position Create a site coordination model within Autodesk Revit, share coordinate system with Civil 3D, position building models and share coordinates Stage 3. Coordinate Append Civil 3D and Revit models into Autodesk Navisworks to combine in the same environment and then perform clash detection between foundations and civil infrastructure. Stage 4. Resolve Switch back to the model to make the required changes to resolve. The folder system created with the datasets we will use also utilizes these key stages in the folder naming; Jump On Points There is a lot to learn, a lot to do, we re in Vegas (!), it s a complicated process and there is not a lot of time so it s a fast moving lab. As such it s easy to get lost, miss a step or simply not understand how to do something. For this reason, Jump on Points are built into the step by step instruction. Contained with the appropriate key stage folder, you will find files complete already which are named with the corresponding step number. If you get left behind, open a Jump On File ahead of where we are and wait for us to catch up with you! 7

8 Key Stage 1 Identify Software: AutoCAD Civil 3D Creating the COGO points Step No. Key Instruction Comments 1.1 Open Shrewsbury Site.dwg Application Button (large A in top right hand corner) > Open > Drawing. Navigate to Identify directory to find file 1.2 Start Point Creation Tools Home tab > Point pull down 1.3 Select Import Points On the Create Points tool bar, on the far right hand side, you will see the icon for Import Points, select this. 1.4 Select Autodesk Uploadable File In the second box, under Specify point file format scroll too around two thirds down the list of files 1.5 Add Site Points.auf In the first box, to the right of Selected Files click the + icon and add the AUF file from the Identify folder 1.6 Click OK This will now add the points to the drawing. JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Shrewsbury Site.DWG 8

9 Software: AutoCAD Civil 3D Creating the 3D topographical surface Step No. Key Instruction Comments 1.7 Make sure your Toolspace and Prospector is turned on On the Home tab, Palettes panel, click on Toolspace and also make sure the Prospector is turned on 1.8 Create a new surface In the Prospector tab on the Toolspace, right click on Surfaces and choose Create Surface 1.9 Name the surface, Existing Surface 1.10 Select Contours and Triangles as the Style Left click in the box that says Surface<[Next Cou. and type in the name Existing Surface Left click in the box that says Standard and then on the, choose the Contours and Triangles style from the pull down Click OK This will NOT actually create a visual surface yet, as we have not added the points yet. JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Shrewsbury Site.DWG 1.12 Expand Existing Surface in the Prospector In Toolspace, Prospector first expand the Surfaces category, and then Existing Surface by clicking the little each of them 9

10 1.13 Expand Definition Click the next to Definition 1.14 Add the _All Points Point Group to your surface Right click on Point Groups and choose Add and select _All Points and select OK. Your surface should now be generated. JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Shrewsbury Site.DWG Software: AutoCAD Civil 3D Establishing site coordinates Step No. Key Instruction Comments 1.15 Zoom to the top right hand side of B Start the ID command On the AutoCAD command line, type the command ID and press ENTER. 10

11 1.17 Pick the top right hand corner of B1 Hover over the ENDPOINT of the top right hand corner of the B1 building pad and press the left mouse button to select. You should receive the coordinate readout of X = , Y = This is a UK Ordnance Survey point presented in meters. This is our established site coordinate Save your work as <YOUR NAME>Civil.dwg in the Your Work folder Application Button (large A in top right hand corner) > Save As > Drawing. Navigate to Your Work folder and save it with your name, followed by the word Civil. For example Joe Bloggs Civil.dwg Key Stage 2 Position Software: Autodesk Revit 2013 Create site coordination model Step No. Key Instruction Comments JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Site Coordination.rvt 2.1 Open Site Coordination.rvt 2.2 Make sure you are in the Site view Application Button (large R in top right hand corner) > Open > Project. Navigate to Position directory to find file On the Project Browser make sure the view Site is in bold. If it isn t, double click on the Site view to open it. 11

12 2.3 Start the Link CAD command On the Insert tab, left click on the Link CAD command 2.4 Select the Shrewsbury UK Map.dwg, but do not press OK yet Navigate to the Position folder, and single left click on the file Shrewsbury UK Map.dwg (the file extension may not be present). Do not press OK on this dialog box. 2.5 Change the settings as above and then press open Then Zoom Extents (ZE keyboard shortcut) Change colours to Preserve, Layers to All, Import Units to Meter, Positioning to Auto Center to Center, Plan at Level 0, leave Orient to View and Correct lines that are slightly off axis ticked and then press Open Type Z and then E (do not press return!) on your keyboard to zoom extents the view. Did you know? If you bring you bring in the triangulated surface from AutoCAD Civil 3D (not shown in this lab), you can use the Topographical tools in Revit to create a topo surface from the imported CAD file. This is useful if you are completing building design tasks in relation to the site levels, such as the development of retaining walls. 12

13 Software: Autodesk Revit 2013 Add Revit models to site coordination model JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Site Coordination.rvt 2.6 Start the Link Revit tool On the insert tab, choose Link Revit 2.7 Choose B1.rvt From the Position folder. Select by single left clicking the B1.rvt located in the Postion folder. Do not press open yet. But do not press open yet. 2.8 Choose Manual Center under Positioning. 2.9 Place it approximately over the B1 building pad At the bottom of the open dialog box press Manual Center from the Positioning pull down. This will cause Revit to place the center of your model on the cursor for you to place manually. The model will be attached to your cursor. Move your cursor over the B1 building pad and left click to place. You only need to do this approximately, we will accurately place it in the next steps. JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Site Coordination.rvt 13

14 2.10 Use the Align tool to align GL1 to the top edge of the B1 building footprint 2.11 Use the Align tool to align GLA to the right hand edge of the B1 building footprint On the Modify tab, choose the Align tool Choose the top edge of the B1 building pad and then grid line 1. On the Modify tab, choose the Align tool Choose the right edge of the B1 building pad and then grid line A JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Site Coordination.rvt 2.12 Repeat steps 3.6 through to 3.11 to place model B2.rvt located in the Position folder. You need to rotate the model 180 degrees. If you are uncertain on how to do this, please follow the steps below Step 2.17 (rotation of model) is unique to placement of B2. You can skip to Step 2.20 if you are able to do this unassisted Start the Link Revit tool On the insert tab, choose Link Revit 14

15 2.14 Choose B2.rvt from the Position folder But do not press open yet Choose Manual Center under Positioning Place it approximately over the B2 building pad 2.17 Rotate the model 180 degrees Select by single left clicking the B2.rvt model located into the Position folder Do not press open yet. At the bottom of the open dialog box press Manual Center from the Positioning pull down. This will cause Revit to place the center of your model on the cursor for you to place manually. The model will be attached to your cursor. Move your cursor over the B2 building pad and left click to place. You only need to do this approximately, we will accurately place it in the next steps. Left click on the B2 model, then select Rotate on the Modify tab. In the option bar (bar immediately below the ribbon) you will see a box where you can insert the Angle of 180 degrees. Type 180 and press ENTER 15

16 2.18 Use the Align tool to align GLE to the top edge of the B2 building footprint On the Modify tab, choose the Align tool Choose the top edge of the B2 building pad and then grid line E Use the Align tool to align GL1 to the right hand edge of the B2 building footprint On the Modify tab, choose the Align tool Choose the right edge of the B2 building pad and then grid line 1 Software: Autodesk Revit 2013 Create shared coordinate system JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Site Coordination.rvt 2.20 Zoom into the top right hand corner of the B1 building 16

17 2.21 Select Specify Coordinates at Point from Coordinates pull down on Manage tab Manage tab > Coordinates pull down, select Specify Coordinates at Point 2.22 Select the intersection between GL1-A This is a bit fiddly! Hover over intersection of grid lines 1 and A, which is at the center of the column. You will see a small blue dot to represent this point. Left mouse button to select it. In step 1.17 we captured the coordinates from the Civil 3D file, there were - X = , Y = X = East / West and Y = North / South In Civil 3D we are working meters. In Revit we are working in millimeters, so we simply remove the decimal place. These are our values E/W N/S We will worry about the elevation later! 17

18 2.23 Insert the above values into the dialog box and press OK Software: Autodesk Revit 2013 Establish coordinate system across buildings JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Site Coordination.rvt 2.24 Select the B1 building Single left click on the B1 model that is linked into the site coordination model Select <Not shared> in the Properties dialog box 18

19 2.26 Select the Publish. option and click Reconcile Selec the first option Publish the shared coordinate. and then left click on the Reconcile option. Note. This important step is the point when both the site information and the position of true north relative to project north is transmitted to the model file. JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Site Coordination.rvt 2.27 Repeat this process for B2. If you are able to do this skip to step 3.34 if not follow the steps below Select the B1 building Single left click on the B1 model that is linked into the site coordination model Select <Not shared> in the Properties dialog box 19

20 2.30 Select the Publish. option and click Reconcile Selec the first option Publish the shared coordinate. and then left click on the Reconcile option Save your model as <YOUR NAME> Site Coordination.rvt in the Your Work folder. In the process Save the position. Application Button (large R in top right hand corner) > Save As > Project. Navigate to Your Work folder and save it with your name, followed by the words Site Coordination. For example Joe Bloggs Site Coordination.rvt During the save process you will be presented with a dialog box you will be asked if you would like to save the position. This commits the coordinate system to your B1 and B2 models Close your model Application Button (large R in top right hand corner) > Close Software: Autodesk Revit 2013 Test the shared coordinate system 20

21 2.33 Open either; B1.rvt Or if you didn t complete the previous exercise B1_coordinated.rvt in the Position folder Open Select by single left clicking either the B1.rvt model you created and saved into the Your Work folder or B1_coordinated.rvt located in the Postion folder. Do not press open yet Go to the Ground Floor Level In the Project Browser, double click the 01 Ground Floor Level to open it Change the view property Orientation to True North Single left click the 01- Ground Floor Level in the Project Browser. Now in the Properties, locate the Orientation parameter, it s not too far from the top of the list, and change it to True North You should note that the building will re-orientate to the correct north position as you set out on the site coordination plan Add a spot coordinate to grid intersection 1-A On the Annotate tab, click Spot Coordinate and then left click on the intersection between 1-A. Drag out the Spot Coordinate tag. You may need to zoom in to read the text. 21

22 You should notice that the coordinate read out is the same in this file now as it was in the site coordination mode. A shared coordinate system is established Open the East elevation view On the Project Browser, double click the East elevation view Select Specify Coordinates at Point from Coordinates pull down on Manage tab Manage tab > Coordinates pull down, select Specify Coordinates at Point 2.39 Select the 01 Ground Floor Level Left click on the level line for the 01 Ground Floor Level 22

23 2.40 Enter the elevation as The levels should now read correctly. The ground floor FFL of the B1 building is m. Which is where the building pad (as annotated in the Civil 3D drawing). We enter this as millimeters, so Save your model. If you used the B1_Coordinated model save your model as <YOUR NAME> B1.rvt in the Your Work folder. In the process Save the position. If you need to save your work. Application Button (large R in top right hand corner) > Save If you need to re-save an existing model Application Button (large R in top right hand corner) > Save As > Project. Navigate to Your Work folder and save it with your name, followed by the words B1.rvt. For example Joe Bloggs B1.rvt 2.42 Close your model Application Button (large R in top right hand corner) > Close 23

24 Key Stage 3 Coordinate Software: Autodesk Navisworks 2013 Append your models Step No. Key Instruction Comments 3.1 Select Append from the Home tab 3.2 Open <YOUR NAME>Civil.dwg from the Your Work folder Or Open Shrewsbury Site from the Coordinate folder If you successfully complete Key Stage 1 Identify, use your version of the Civil 3D model, otherwise use the completed version in the Coordinated directory 3.3 If the Saved Viewport window is not open, press CNTRL + F11 on the keyboard to open it. 3.4 Import Viewports.xml from the Coordinate folder. Right click in the Saved Viewport window and choose Import Viewports. Left click to select Import Viewports.xml from the Coordinate Folder. Open. Select 24

25 3.5 Choose Full Site viewport. From the Saved Viewport window, double left click the Full Site viewport to zoom out and view the whole site. JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE Coordinated Model.nwd 3.6 Repeat steps 4.1 to 4.4 for B2_coordinated_correct level.rvt in the Coordinate folder And Utilities.dwg in the Coordinate Folder 3.7 Repeat steps 4.1 to 4.4 for <YOUR NAME>B1.rvt from the Your Work folder Or Open B1_coordinated_correct level.rvt from the Coordinated folder If you successfully complete Key Stage 3 Position, use your version of the B1 Revit model, otherwise use the completed version in the Coordinated directory Note. The models land in the correct place within Navisworks as you are using the same shared coordinate system in all files. For future reference. When importing Revit files into Navisworks, in the options you can use either Shared or Project coordinates. You need to make sure that you are using Shared coordinates. 25

26 Software: Autodesk Navisworks 2013 Perform a clash detection between Civil Utility information created in AutoCAD Civil 3D and Structural Foundations created in Autodesk Revit. JUMP ON POINT FILE IS AVAILABLE HERE. CHOOSE 3-8 Coordinated Model.nwd 3.8 Open Clash Detective Home > Clash Detective 3.9 You may need to expand the dialog box to see the full thing. Close additional windows, such as the Selection Sets, Selection Tree or Viewports if open Hover your mouse cursor over the edge of the Clash Detective dialog box window, left click and drag to increase the window size Click Add Test In the Clash Detective window on the far right hand side you will see the Add Test option, left click it Call the new test, Utilities vs Foundations In the Clash Detective window a new line will be create. You will be able to type in a new name Choose the Select Tab If not already open, choose the Select Tab which is between the Rules and Results tabs 26

27 3.13 In the Selection A and Selection B, expand the listing for the NWD file if necessary In Selection A, select the B1 model and B2 model (file names may vary depending on model used) Hold down the SHIFT key and left click on the B1 model and the B2 model in the Selection A window In Selection B, select the Utilities.dwg model Left click on the Utilities.dwg model in the Selection B window In Settings, select Hard (Conservative) and 0.10m tolerance Below the selection windows, locate the settings section and the Type pull down, make sure Hard (Conservative) is the selected test type. To the right of that, make sure Tolerance is set to 0.10m Click Run Test 27

28 3.18 Click on each clash to see it displayed. Left click on each clash. Navisworks should automatically turn the model into a wireframe model other than the clashing elements. If it does not, try changing the Display Settings on the far right hand side of the Clash Detective window. Changing the settings as follows; Key Stage 4 Resolve! Software: Autodesk Revit 2013 Set Revit up to resolve clashes Step No. Key Instruction Comments NOTE: DO NOT CLOSE THE CLASH DECTIVE WINDOW IN NAVISWORKS. SIMPLY MINIMISE THE APPLICATION TO WORK WITH REVIT. 4.1 In Revit, close all models currently open In Revit, close all the models currently open by clicking on the Application Button (large R in top right hand corner) Close. 28

29 4.2 In Revit, open <YOUR NAME>B1.rvt from the Your Work folder Or Application Button (large R in top right hand corner) > Open > Project. Navigate to Your Work or Resolve directory to find file Open B1_coordinated_correct level.rvt from the Resolve folder 4.3 Open the {3D} view if not already open 4.4 Select On the Add-Ins tab, select Navisworks Switchback 2013 from the External Tools pull down. In the Project Browser, double left click the {3D} 3D view Add ins tab > External Tools pull down > Navisworks Switchback 2013 Software: Autodesk Navisworks 2013 Switchback to resolve! Step No. Key Instruction Comments NOTE: DO NOT CLOSE REVIT. SIMPLY MINIMISE THE APPLICATION TO WORK WITH NAVISWORKS. 4.5 Find a clash between the utilities and the B1 building (Clash 2) Single left click Clash 2 in the Clash Detective window to zoom into that clash 29

30 4.6 Choose Select from the Home tab On the Home tab, left click on the Select option 4.7 Highlight the foundation by left clicking it Left the foundation by single left clicking on it in the main view window. It will turn blue to indicate it is selected. 4.8 Choose Switchback from the Item Tools tab (you must have the foundation selected!) While the foundation is selected, go to the contextual Item Tools tab at the very end of the ribbon. On the far left hand side click, SwitchBack Software: Autodesk Revit 2013 Resolve the clash! Step No. Key Instruction Comments NOTE: DO NOT CLOSE NAVISWORKS. SIMPLY MINIMISE THE APPLICATION TO WORK WITH REVIT. 4.9 In Revit, click on a top corner of the view cube Front, Top, Right is a good view. The view cube is located in the top right hand corner of the {3D} view. Hover your mouse cursor over it. You will notice that you can select various points. Click on a top corner, to zoom into an isometric style view. 30

31 4.10 Notice how you will be zoomed into the same foundation you have selected in Navisworks! You are now in a position to move the foundation to resolve the clash! Did you know? Switchback also works with Autodesk Civil 3D. You need to make sure that you have installed the Autodesk Navisworks exporters, and that you have run the command NWCOUT in AutoCAD. Summary by Rob Clark This completes the lab. You would be able to continue this workflow by making amendments to either the Autodesk Revit or AutoCAD Civil 3D models to resolve the clashes. You can then refresh the links in Navisworks, rerun the test and you should see that your clashes are resolved. There is more than one way to coordinate information between these platforms, this one works for me! However if you have any comments, including possible refinement, I d love to hear them. Please make sure you fill out your AU feedback form and any further comments to me. If you want to re-run the lab in your own time, you can access all of the files used here by going to the Autodesk University website or by ing rob.clark@excitech.co.uk. Remember that you need to enable Switchback and the AutoCAD Civil 3D object enablers as described on page 4 and 5 of this handout. We really hope you have enjoyed this lab and have a great AU! Speaker - Rob Clark, Excitech, rob.clark@excitech.co.uk Co Speaker - Graham Stewart, Ramboll, graham.stewart@ramboll.co.uk Assistant - Dave Bosworth, Excitech, dave.bosworth@excitech.co.uk Assistant Paul Woddy, White Frog Publishing, paul@whitefrog.co Assistant, David Light, Case Inc, d.light@case-inc.com 31