Switching Networks (Fall 2010) EE 586 Communication and. August 27, Lecture 2. (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-1
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1 EE 586 Communication and Switching Networks (Fall 2010) Lecture 2 August 27, 2010 (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-1
2 Announcements Read Chapter 1 First homework is due 9/3 In Blackboard and also, Blackboard Go to Personal Information / Edit Personal Information / to change the address to your favorite account I have sent out a test to all of you. Please reply so that you can access Bb (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-2
3 Network simulator: OPNET OPNET is a software package allowing you to test new network design, protocols, etc. without actually having the real devices Great flexibility in setting up parameters from the physical layer to application layer simulating complex real scenarios Leading simulator used in industry It is Network Design as SPICE to Circuit Design Demo (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-3
4 Chapter 1: Introduction Our goal: get feel and terminology more depth, detail later in course approach: use Internet as example Overview: what s the Internet? what s a protocol? network edge; hosts, access net, physical media network core: packet/circuit switching, Internet structure performance: loss, delay, throughput protocol layers, service models (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-4
5 What s the Internet: a service view sources and/or sinks networked applications Information services Common Information Services User interfaces, transducers, servers, browsers, source compression, storage, buffering, jitter removal, etc. Networking Resource Sharing Mechanisms Dynamic and intelligent control of infrastructure and traffic flow : Multiplexing, scheduling, routing, network management Communication links Bit Carrier Infrastructure WDM, Optical crossconnects, SDH, DSL, cable, Ethernet, satellite, fixed or mobile wireless links (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-5
6 Service view: similarity with computer sys. Distributed information applications (e.g., www, e-commerce, teleconf) Applications (e.g., calculation, accounting, database) Distributed algorithms for information transport (e.g., X.25, Internet, ATM) Computer operating system (e.g., Unix, Linux, Windows) Network of communication links Hardware (e.g., processor, memory, disk drives, sound card) (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-6
7 What s a protocol? network protocols: all communication activity in Internet governed by protocols Services provided and syntax standardized Correctness, efficiency, fairness, simplicity time TCP connection request TCP connection response Get <file> protocols define format, order of msgs sent and received among network entities, and actions taken on msg transmission and receipt (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-7
8 Internet protocol stack application: supporting network applications FTP, SMTP, HTTP transport: process-process data transfer TCP, UDP network: routing of datagrams from source to destination IP, routing protocols link: data transfer between neighboring network elements PPP, Ethernet physical: bits on the wire application transport network link physical Introduction 1-8
9 Why layering? Dealing with complex systems: explicit structure allows identification, relationship of complex system s pieces layered reference model for discussion modularization eases maintenance, updating of system change of implementation of layer s service transparent to rest of system Increase robustness as well layering considered harmful? Introduction 1-9
10 ISO/OSI reference model presentation: allow applications to interpret meaning of data, e.g., encryption, compression, machinespecific conventions session: synchronization, checkpointing, recovery of data exchange Internet stack missing these layers! these services, if needed, must be implemented in application needed? application presentation session transport network link physical Introduction 1-10
11 segment H t datagram frame message M H t M H n H t M H l H n H t M source application transport network link physical destination M H t M H n H t M H l H n H t M application transport network link physical Encapsulation link physical switch H n H t M H l H n H t M network link physical H n H t M router Introduction 1-11
12 Internet: nuts and bolts view PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld router access points wired links millions of connected computing devices: hosts = end systems Mobile network running network apps Home network communication links fiber, copper, radio, satellite transmission rate = bandwidth routers: forward packets (chunks of data) Global ISP Regional ISP Institutional network (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-12
13 Internet: nuts and bolts view protocols control sending, receiving of msgs e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, Ethernet Internet: network of networks loosely hierarchical public Internet versus private intranet Internet standards RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force IEEE, ISO Mobile network Home network Global ISP Regional ISP Institutional network (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-13
14 A closer look at network structure: network edge: applications and hosts access networks, physical media: wired, wireless communication links network core: interconnected routers network of networks (modified by Cheung for EE586; based on K&R original) 1-14
15 Network core: network of networks roughly hierarchical Center: tier-1 ISPs : national/international coverage Fully connected & no payment for transit Internet backbone ( Gbps) AT&T, Global Crossing, Level 3, NTT, Qwest, Sprint Tata, Verizon, Savvis, TeliaSonera (10 networks) Tier-1 providers interconnect (peer) privately Introduction 1-15
16 Internet structure: network of networks Tier-2 ISPs: smaller (often regional) ISPs Connect to one or more tier-1 ISPs, possibly other tier-2 ISPs Major difference with Tier-1: Tier-2 ISPs pay Tier-2 ISP pays tier-1 ISP for connectivity to rest of Internet tier-2 ISP is customer of tier-1 provider Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISPs also peer privately with each other. Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP Introduction 1-16
17 Internet structure: network of networks Tier-3 ISPs and local ISPs last hop ( access ) network (closest to end systems) Major difference w/ Tier-2: Tier-3 don t talk to Tier-1 directly Local and tier- 3 ISPs are customers of higher tier ISPs connecting them to rest of Internet local ISP local ISP Tier 3 ISP Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP local ISP local ISP local ISP Tier-2 ISP local ISP local ISP Tier-2 ISP local ISP Introduction 1-17
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