Inside Windows NT Infrastructures WILEY COMPUTER PUBLISHING. m John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto

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1 Inside Windows NT Infrastructures DAVID ISEMINGER WILEY COMPUTER PUBLISHING m John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto

2 CONTENTS Part one GETTING YOUR DUCKS IN A ROW CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Why Windows NT? Why a Book about Windows NT? One Man's Tourney Why This Book Is for You How This Book Is Structured Generation NT CHAPTER 2 PLANNING YOUR INFRASTRUCTURE Networking Choices Ethernet versus Token Ring Getting to the Backbone FDDI/CDDI Characteristics ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Characteristics Topologies and Wiring Cable Definitions Topologies Cabling Your Buildings Wisely Where Do I Put the Wiring Closet? Wiring Closet Cabling Desktop/Wall Cabling Segmentation Grouping Your Users Legacy Systems Choosing Hardware Hubs [v]

[vi] CON Г E N T S Bridges Repeaters Routers Performance CHAPTER 3 DOMAIN MODELS Explanation of the Domains Domain Controllers Primary Domain Controllers Backup Domain Controllers Synchronization

3 [vi] CON Г E N T S Bridges Repeaters Routers Performance CHAPTER 3 DOMAIN MODELS Explanation of the Domains Domain Controllers Primary Domain Controllers Backup Domain Controllers Synchronization between Domain Controllers Grouping Users Workgroups versus Domains Overview of Local and Global Groups Local Groups Global Groups Domain Interaction Non-NT Operating Systems and Domains Why This Model and Not the Other? Domain Models Which One Is for You? Guidelines by the Numbers CHAPTER 4 NETWORKING Networking 101 Introduction to Protocols The Beginning of the Known, Standardized Universe NT's Approach to Protocols The Protocol Lowdown DLC NetBEUI NWLink (Microsoft's IPX/SPX) TCP/IP Segmentation

C O N T E N T S [vll] Taking It All into Consideration You Again? DHCP, WINS, and DNS DHCP Details WINS Details DNS Details Protocols: How to Use Them Wisely How Did They Do That? How Do I Do That?

4 C O N T E N T S [vll] Taking It All into Consideration You Again? DHCP, WINS, and DNS DHCP Details WINS Details DNS Details Protocols: How to Use Them Wisely How Did They Do That? How Do I Do That? CHAPTER 5 ROUTING Router Basics and Receptionist's Day Routable Protocols Construction of a Frame The Routable Routing Protocols Basic Routing Terminology Static Routing versus Dynamic Routing Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs) A Price/Performance Comparison: RRAS (Steelhead) versus Cisco Entry-Level Routers: Steelhead versus Cisco 2500 Midlevel Routers: Steelhead versus Cisco 4500 Enterprise Routers: Steelhead versus Cisco 7500 No-Frills Routing Frills-Enabled Routing Static Routing Dynamic Routing PPS and Other Important Numbers Packets Per Second Latency CHAPTER 6 BACKBONES What's the Function of a Backbone?

[viii] C O N T E N T S Your Network without a Backbone Your Network with a Backbone Structuring the Backbone Planning for Subnets' Backbone Access Redundancy Improvising with Your Backbone Planning

5 [viii] C O N T E N T S Your Network without a Backbone Your Network with a Backbone Structuring the Backbone Planning for Subnets' Backbone Access Redundancy Improvising with Your Backbone Planning NICs, Switches, and Routers: Where to Spend Your Money NICs Switches and Hubs Routers Backbone Examples: Our Four Favorite Companies Give Me Internet Access Safely Direct Internet Access Proxy Servers Part two GETTING YOUR FEATHERS WET CHAPTER 7 SERVER SIZING AND DEPLOYMENT Ronald-of-All-Trades: Your Average NT Box The Well-Greased Chicken Windows NT and Its Components Rightsizing, a Moving Target Server Deployment and Performance: The I/O Subsystems The USB (Universal Serial Bus) Initiative Putting NT Servers into Service Using Application Servers Purchasing Windows NT: Getting the Most for Your Money Select License Program Open License Program Leveraging Your Existing Servers CHAPTER 8 REDUNDANCY AND RELIABILITY Fault Tolerance Considerations Fault Tolerance Strategies: Throughout the Network Fault Tolerance Strategies: Outside the Server

C O N T E N T S [ix] Avoiding Single Points of Failure 252 Mirroring I gnirorrim and Other RAID Solutions 253 RAID Explained 253 Hardware versus Software RAID 257 Windows NT Disk Fault Tolerance 258

6 C O N T E N T S [ix] Avoiding Single Points of Failure 252 Mirroring I gnirorrim and Other RAID Solutions 253 RAID Explained 253 Hardware versus Software RAID 257 Windows NT Disk Fault Tolerance 258 Windows NT Clustering 260 Why Clustering? 261 When It Matures 262 Backing Up Your Data 262 Creating a Backup Policy CHAPTER 9 LEGACY SYSTEMS AND INTEROPERABILITY 267 Mainframe Connectivity 268 Physical Connections 268 Software Connections 269 The SNA Factor 269 The Bottom Line, Please 270 Other Operating Systems 270 Novell 271 Unix 271 Macintosh 272 Dial In with Anything You Want CHAPTER 10 SECURITY 277 The Windows NT Security Access Token Model 278 A Walk Down Memory Lane 279 SIDs and Security Access Tokens 280 NTFS: Why It's the Only Choice for Security 282 File/Directory Permissions 282 Physical Security in Your NT Infrastructure 289 Protection on the Wire 290 Advanced IP Features and C2 Security 292 Advanced IP Features 292

[x] C O N T E N T S C2 Security Using Domains to Their Full Potential CHAPTER 11 REMOTE ACCESS Remote Access Technology Remote Access versus Remote Control Windows NT Server RAS versus Windows NT

7 [x] C O N T E N T S C2 Security Using Domains to Their Full Potential CHAPTER 11 REMOTE ACCESS Remote Access Technology Remote Access versus Remote Control Windows NT Server RAS versus Windows NT Workstation RAS Remote Access Hardware-Based Solutions Hardware versus Software Remote Access Solutions Windows NT RAS Implementation Details Means of Access Serial Solutions: Smart versus Dumb Serial Cards Getting onto the LAN Modems The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly The Modem Pool The Rack Mount Other Modems Windows NT RAS (Features, Compression, Setting It Up) ) Features Integration Issues Non-NT RAS Solutions in a Windows NT Infrastructure Choosing the Right Equipment The Ever-Elusive Bandwidth Deployment Sizing Guidelines Privatizing the Internet Using PPTP How PPTP Works Installation Procedure Case Studies: RAS Implementations New Modem Technologies: The Digital Revolution ADSL Modems Cable Modems 56K Analog Modems

C O N T E N T S [xi] CHAPTER 12 PERFORMANCE 357 Managing Windows NT Performance 358 Performance Monitor: The Overview 358 Performance Analysis with Performance Monitor 366 Capacity Planning and

8 C O N T E N T S [xi] CHAPTER 12 PERFORMANCE 357 Managing Windows NT Performance 358 Performance Monitor: The Overview 358 Performance Analysis with Performance Monitor 366 Capacity Planning and Rightsizing 369 How Much Is Enough? 370 Choosing Hardware 371 The Hard Line 377 Tuning Software 377 System Software 377 NIC Software 378 I/O Software Tuning 378 FAT versus NTFS 383 Video Cards 384 Remote Access Service (RAS) 385 Applications 386 The Soft Line 388 Updates, Patches, and Everything Nice CHAPTER 1 3 CLIENTS 391 Choices, Choices 391 The Real Cost of the Desktop 393 Deployment Costs 397 Decision Criteria CHAPTER 14 LEVERAGING THE INTERNET 401 Using the Web 401 Getting a Corporate Presence on the Web 402 Getting Corporate Access to the Web 402 Intranets: More Uses than You Can Shake a Stick At 402 PPTP and Internet Access Revisited 406 Putting It into Perspective 409 The Future Is Now 411

[xll] C O N T E N T S 415 The Lifeblood of Your Windows NT Infrastructure 415 Administration Tools 416 Proactive (Good), Fire Drills (Bad) 417 Performance Monitor 417 Non-NT Specific Administration

9 [xll] C O N T E N T S 415 The Lifeblood of Your Windows NT Infrastructure 415 Administration Tools 416 Proactive (Good), Fire Drills (Bad) 417 Performance Monitor 417 Non-NT Specific Administration Tools 428 Planning for Proactive Administration 429 ZAK, ZAW, and Other Movements to Make NT Administration Painless CHAPTER 16 WHY NT IS THE BEST INVESTMENT YOU CAN MAKE 433 The Future of Windows NT 433 Leverage Bill, Steve, Paul, and Jim's Money. Leverage Thousands of Millionaires' (and a Few Billionaires') Money 434 What Open Standards Mean to You 435 INDEX 439

Contents. Introduction to Networking. Preface...i. Introduction... xix

Contents. Introduction to Networking. Preface...i. Introduction... xix Contents Introduction to Networking Introduction to Networking Preface...i Key Topics...i Course Objectives...ii Pedagogical Features...ii Learning Objectives, Unit Summaries, Discussion Questions, and