Next-Generation Control Communications for Power Stations - Architecture and Protection

Transcription

1 Next-Generatin Cntrl Cmmunicatins fr Pwer Statins - Architecture and Prtectin Jhn E. Fuller AT&T Services Infrastructure Planning and Optimizatin (see last page fr cntact inf) Presented T: Prtectin Engineers Grup March 25, AT&T Intellectual 2014 AT&T Prperty. Intellectual All rights Prperty. reserved. All rights AT&T, reserved. the AT&T AT&T lg and and the all AT&T ther lg AT&T are marks trademarks cntained f AT&T herein Intellectual Prperty. are trademarks f AT&T Intellectual Prperty and/r AT&T affiliated cmpanies. All ther marks cntained herein are the prperty f AT&T their Prprietary respective wners. (Internal Use Only) Nt fr use r disclsure utside the AT&T cmpanies except under written agreement.

2 Pwer Statin Cmmunicatins Architecture and Prtectin- Overview Cntemprary Pwer Grid Architectures Smart Grid General Cmmunicatin Optins and Prtectin Requirements U.S. Standards Requirements/Revisins Example Mdern Prtectin Architectures 2

3 3 (2008)

4 Transmissin-Level Pwer Surces 4

5 Distributin-Level Surces Other Turbine Plants 5

6 Overall Grid = Switching Pints 6

7 Pwer Cntrl Cmmunicatins Architectures General Architecture Overview Transmissin Distributin Switching Generatin Traditinal Fssil Hydr Nuclear Cntemprary (generally smaller scale) Wind Phtvltaic Other 7

8 What is Smart Grid? An infrastructure that creates a mre flexible, resilient, and respnsive electrical grid, which relies largely n reliable cmmunicatins t: Manage shifting lad and supply effectively Time-f-day demand peaking Clud cver and weather variatins n slar and wind surces Scial demand triggers Minimize critical failures Lss f heat r air cnditining just when it is mst needed Rlling blackuts triggered by space weather r sabtage Balance the electrical pwer system and reduce cst per kwh. 8

9 Smart Grid = Switching Pints 9 Centralized Management See any vulnerabilities?

10 Grid Cmmunicatins Requirements RELIABLE Immune t envirnmental disturbers Lightning Wind/fld Space weather Redundancy / Alternate rutes Maintainability RESPONSIVE Latency matched t functin Legacy transprt (DS0, DS1) <6 ms envelpe delay Private IP netwrks, envelpe delay 2 ms t? Leased line ver IP netwrks, up t 120+ ms envelpe delay-? COST EFFECTIVE 10

11 Grid Cmmunicatins Media RADIO Pint-t-Pint (micrwave) Lw latency Pssible high cst (distance and terrain) Weather sensitivity Satellite (high latency) Cellular (lw cst, medium latency, limited cverage) DIRECT FIBER Lw latency (private netwrk) Architecture-dependent cst (distance and new cnstructin) Best available reliability (including space weather immunity) LEASED LINES Variable media and cst Latency cncerns (IP transprt) 11 POWER LINE CARRIER Highly architecture-dependent Range, cst, and EMC challenges

12 Cmmunicatins Prtectin RADIO SYSTEMS (P-P, Satellite, Cellular) Varius industry specificatins (nt addressed here) DIRECT FIBER Limited requirements (e.g. IEEE Std 487.2) GPR/EPR resistant Cmpatible with all pwer rutes (OPGW, OPtical Grund Wire) LEASED LINES Direct fiber r metallic transprt IEEE 487 Suite Requirements (US, sme internatinal) POWER LINE CARRIER Varius industry specificatins (nt addressed here) 12

13 U.S. Pwer Statin Prtectin Standards IEEE Std , IEEE Recmmended Practice fr Determining the Electric Pwer Statin Grund Ptential Rise and Induced Vltage frm a Pwer Fault Definitin and reference, and miscellaneus updates/crrectins Recgnitin f transferred GPR/EPR ptentials frm pwer statins via cnductive bjects in the vicinity, (Clauses 9.5, 9.8, and Annex G) 13

14 U.S. Pwer Statin Prtectin Standards IEEE 487 Series Recently revised and cnverted int a dt series f standards Std. 487 (cre) DRAFT Standard fr the Electrical Prtectin f Cmmunicatin Facilities Serving Electric Supply Lcatins - General Cnsideratins Std IEEE Standard fr the Electrical Prtectin f Cmmunicatin Facilities Serving Electric Supply Lcatins Thrugh the Use f On-Grid Islatin [mdular devices] Std Optical Fiber Systems Std Hybrid Facilities [cpper and fiber in lp] Std Neutralizing Transfrmers- editrial changes nly Std Islatin Transfrmers [discrete devices]- editrial 14

15 IEEE Std 487 Revisins 487 (cre) Definitin and subtending standard reference updates Updated wireless twer diagrams and references Clause 7.1, Updated Circuit Types table and examples : 15

16 IEEE Std 487 Revisins (cre) Definitin and reference updates Std Optical Fiber Systems Requirements fr direct ptical fiber circuits (n cpper in serving lp) Replaces direct fiber prtins f IEEE Std (cancelled) Std Hybrid Facilities [cpper and fiber in lp] Requirements fr hybrid fiber islatin systems Replaces hybrid fiber prtins f IEEE Std (cancelled) First-time inclusin f recmmendatins fr placement f CFJ (Cpper t Fiber Junctin) inside the GPR/EPR Zne f Influence (ZOI) 16

17 IEEE Std Highlights Clause 5- Hybrid fiber-ptic islatin systems 5.1 Tplgies fr hybrid ptical fiber islatin systems There are fur basic tplgies fr a hybrid fiber-ptic islatin system. In each tplgy, cnfiguratin requirements fr the OEI prtin f the installatin are the same. The cnfiguratin requirements fr the CFJ are different in each tplgy and vary depending n CFJ equipment grunding design criteria. 17

18 IEEE Std Highlights Clause 5.1- Tplgies fr hybrid ptical fiber islatin systems 18

19 IEEE Std Highlights Clause 5.1- Tplgies fr hybrid ptical fiber islatin systems 19

20 IEEE Std Highlights Clause 5.1- Tplgies fr hybrid ptical fiber islatin systems 20

21 IEEE Std Highlights Clause 8- Design recmmendatins fr CFJ installatins 8.1 CFJ at electric pwer statins 8.2 CFJ lcated utside the ZOI f an electric supply lcatin 8.3 CFJ lcated within the ZOI f an electric supply lcatin 8.4 Cnditinal deplyment f CFJ with electrnics r pair prtectin that requires grunding by design 8.5 Cnditinal deplyment f CFJ with electrnics r pair prtectin that des nt require grunding by design 21

22 Example Mdern Prtectin Architectures See the attached Excel file fr an example f current High Vltage Prtectin architectures used by a telecmmunicatins service prvider. These architectures utilize recmmendatins frm the IEEE 487 series standards just reviewed. Fllw links prvided n sheet 1 fr illustratins assciated with each. 22

23 QUESTIONS, COMMENTS? Jhn E. Fuller, P.E. Netwrk EMI, Electrical & High Vltage Prtectin Supprt Principal Design Engineer AT&T Services Infrastructure Planning and Optimizatin Ofc