Arduino and Matlab for prototyping and manufacturing

Transcription

1 Arduino and Matlab for prototyping and manufacturing Enrique Chacón Tanarro 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi Enrique Chacón Tanarro e.chacon@upm.es

2 Index 1. Arduino 2. Arduino programming 3. Matlab controlling arduino 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 2

3 1. Ardunio Arduino is an open-source electronic platform based on easy to use hardware and software ( ) ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT INTERACTION Sensors: Temperature Pressure Light Proximity Acceleration Actuators: Motors Relays Valves Piezoelectrics Diode led 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 3

4 1.1. Enviroment Arduino is an open-source electronic platform based on easy to use hardware and software ( ) ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT INTERACTION Sensors: Temperature Pressure Light Proximity Acceleration Actuators: Motors Relays Valves Piezoelectrics Diode led 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 4

5 1.1. Enviroment Arduino can receive environment information from 2 ways: A) USER Physical: switches, buttons, potentiometers, Virtual Arduino PC - Matlab 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 5

6 1.1. Enviroment Arduino can receive environment information from 2 ways: B) SENSORS Temperature Termoresistance Movement Movement sensor Sound Microphone Piezoelectric Encoder Pressure Mechanical contact Fluids Position / Velocity Accelerometers Fotoresistence Aceleration Light Gas 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 6

7 1.1. Enviroment EXAMPLE: How can we measure the luminosity of this room? LDR resistance varies its resistance as a function of light Light Ω A0 pin voltage depends on the LDR resistance 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 7

8 1.2. Arduino board What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors, touchscreens, etc. ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT INTERACTION Sensors: Temperature Pressure Light Proximity Acceleration Actuators: Motors Relays Valves Piezoelectrics Diode led 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 8

9 1.2. Arduino board Digital Information Arduino ONE board Programmable integrated circuit Fundamental parts: CPU (calculation speed) Memory (code complexity) Input and output peripherals (number of signals to be controlled Analogical Information Arduino board selection 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 9

10 1.2. Arduino board Arduino board selection Arduino Uno Arduino ProMini Arduino Nano Arduino Micro Arduino Mega 2560 Arduino Mega ADK (android) Arduino Gemma Arduino Leonardo Arduino Yún (ethernet) Arduino Cactus (WiFi) 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 10

11 1.2. Arduino board Arduino UNO board Analogical input 6 input pins A0,A1,A2,... Voltage range: 0-5V Precision: 5V / 1024 values = 5mV Digital input/output 14 pins 0-13 Sensors and actuators are connected in these pins. They must declared (software) is INPUT or OUTPUT. Voltage: 5V (HIGH) - 0V (LOW). Max. pin current: 40 ma. Max. total pins current: 200 ma. 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 11

12 Protoboard Electronic components What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors, touchscreens, etc.? ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT INTERACTION Sensors: Temperature Pressure Light Proximity Acceleration ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS Actuators: Motors Relays Valves Piezoelectrics Diode led 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 12

13 Electronic components Transistors Generate an output signal in response to an input signal Functions: switch, amplifier, oscillator or rectifier Low input signal power power Great output signal base collector emitter Switch application Diodes Current circulation is only allowed in one direction Many types: Zener Used as a constant voltage source LED (light emitting diode) Photodiode Allows reverse current when light falls on it Generic Mostly used as rectifier for converting AC to DC and motor protection Cathode Current direction Anode Correct resistance selection: 1, 2 or 3 red or yellow LED (1,8-2,1V) Resistences I = V/R 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 13

14 1.3. Environment interaction What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors, touchscreens, etc. ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT INTERACTION Sensors: Temperature Pressure Light Proximity Acceleration Actuators: Motors Relays Valves Piezoelectrics Diode led 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 14

15 1.3. Environment interaction Movement Relays Valves Motors Etc. Servomotor or Light, valve, etc. open-close control Signal Display Leds Buzzer Etc. 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 15

16 PWM outputs Are there analogical outputs in ARDUINO? Digital PWM PWM pins allows us to simulate an analog behaviour applying a continuous value. Arduino ONE board pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10,11 Period Pulse width Average Average How does it work? Instead of a continuous signal Pulses of square signals (490Hz) We can varied pulse duration Desired analog voltage = voltage average 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 16

17 PWM outputs EXAMPLE: How can we vary the DC electric motor speed? Motor speed varies dependidng on the voltage applied to pin 9 Motor con diodo de protección External power supply Transistor with protection resistance 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 17

18 Compile Upload New Open Save 2. Arduino programming 1) Install the free software from arduino.cc/en/main/software 2) Conect Arduino board to the computer. Drivers will be installed automatically. 3) Open the software code writing area Software messages: errors and actions 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 18

19 2. Arduino programming Arduino is programmed in C/C++ The algorithm consist of: Fundamental structures Variables y constants Mathematical, logical and Boolean operators Control structures (conditionals, cycles) Functions 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 19

20 2.1. Fundamental structures Initial configuration code Only executed once loop() is executed after setup () and keeps running until the Arduino is disconnected Both functions are usually preceded by void These are functions without an output or result. 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 20

21 2.2. Variables, constants, mathematical, logical and Boolean operators Variables: Boolean open=true; int conta=5; char id= a ; Constants: const float pi = 3.14 Mathematical operators: =, -, +, /, Logical operators: ==, >,!=, <=, Boolean operators: && (and), II (or), 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 21

22 2.3. Control structures If if (input<500) { // action A } else { // action B } Switch/case switch (var) { case 1: // action A break; case 2: // action B break; default: // action B } For for (int a=0; a>10; a++) { // repeated action } While while (a<10) { // repeated action a++; } 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 22

23 2.4. Functions pinmode() Configurates a pin PinMode(pin,mode) pinmode(13, OUTPUT); pinmode(a, INPUT); Digital functions digitalread() digitalwrite() Writes 1 or 0 in a digital pin digitalwrite(pin,state) digitalwrite(13, HIGH); digitalwrite(13, LOW); Reads 1 or 0 in a digital pin digitalread(pin) int a = digitalread(13); Analytical functions analogread() Reads an analog pin (0-1023) analogread(pin) int a = analogread(a0); analogwrite() PWM Reads an analog value (0-255) analogwrite(pin, PWM value) analogwrite(9, 134); 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 23

24 2.4. Functions Random numbers Time Communication Mathematical Advance External interruptions 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 24

25 3. Arduino programming with Matlab Benefits of using MATLAB for Arduino programming: Read/write sensor data interactively without waiting for your code to compile Analyze your sensor data using pre-built Matlab functions for signal processing, machine learning, mathematical modeling, Quickly visualize your data (MATLAB plot types) Disadvantage: Speed data trasnmision NOTES: Is our arduino board compatible? Only allowed Matlab 2014 and later versions More info: 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 25

26 3. Arduino programming with Matlab Examples Mapping your surroundings using MATLAB and Arduino Ultrasonic distance sensor Servomotor 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 26

27 4. Practical studies Case 1: Blink led L Aim: Arduino software/conect introduction Steps: 1. Open arduino software 2. Open blink example 3. Read the code and understand it 4. Select the board and the port. 5. Load the code on the Arduino board. Few seconds after the "uploaded message appears, we see the LED blinking 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 27

28 4. Practical studies Case 2: Touch lamp 11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 28

29 This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 29