g GE Power Management UR - The Universal Relay

Transcription

1 UR - The Universal Relay

2 UR Features FAMILY of relays built on a common platform Common look & feel for ease of use product to product All bells & whistles, present and future, available to whole family Reduced training time and drafting costs MODULAR architecture Scaleable - accommodates a scaleable I/O architecture Flexible - accommodates different types of I/O Upgradeable - accommodates upgrading to new technologies

3 UR Features COMMUNICATIONS High-speed networking capability (Ethernet - fiber, redundancy) Multiple Protocols - UCA 2.0, DNP 3.0, Modbus, IEC SUBSTATION Automation - System Solution PMCS + UR with UCA 2.0 MMS/Ethernet

4 Software Issues Software accounts for 90% of digital relay design Most support functions are required in all types ofe relays Market needs are driving shorter development cyclese Solution: Modular Software

5 Modular Software Object Oriented Design allows for scalable, flexible and re-useable software and features Protection Class TOC IOC Distance Differential Frequency Volts/Hz etc Objects

6 Hardware Issues Microprocessor / Integrated Circuit Functionality is increasing exponentially Components can become obsolete in 1 to 2 years Utility expect a 20+ year life Solution: Modular Hardware Design

7 Modular Hardware Design Concept Physical Realization

8 Common Platform Common hardware modules Common software modules Capability to run a wide variety of applications Result: Universal Relay (UR) Application Software Transformer Application Feeder Application Line Application Control (PLC) Application Generator Application

9 Hardware Flash memory Draw-out modules for serviceability Expandable I/O Field upgradable

10 Hardware 4RU, 19 inch rack-mount chassis Hinged faceplate allows easy access to modules Faceplate can be mounted separately on doors for applications limited in depth Extension cable connects faceplate to main unit

11 Hardware - Modular I/O Configurable I/O via sub-modules Sub-Modules

12 Draw-Out Modules Modular design allows all modules to be easily inserted or removed for upgrading or repair. Field wiring is left undisturbed

13 Hardware - Interfaces CONTACT INPUTS (expandable) Configurable inputs may be used for: Breaker status Oscillography trigger Control inputs CONTACT OUTPUTS (expandable) Fully programmable Trip rated Form-A relays Form-C relays Fast Form-C relays

14 User Interfaces PROGRAM UPDATING Flash memory storage of firmware for field updating via communications port. Enables product updating on-site for latest features COMMUNICATIONS POWERFUL PROCESSORS Modbus RTU on 115 kbps Numerical data processing using a 32 bit CPU and MMS/UCA 2.0 on DSP for high speed Redundant 10BaseF complex task processing

15 FlexLogic FlexLogic minimizes the requirement for auxiliary components and wiring while making more complex schemes possible. URPC

16 Virtual Inputs / Outputs Virtual Inputs / Outputs extend the I/O capability of the relay to LAN communications.

17 Peer to Peer Communications Networkable Peer to peer communications Self-defining data External data access via corporate WAN

18 Metering Current (Phase, Neutral and Ground) - Accuracy: ± 0.25% of reading or ± 0.1% of rating from 0.1 to 2.0 x CT rating (whichever is greater) Voltage (Vab Vbc Vca Van Vbn Vcn) - Accuracy: ± 0.25% of reading from 10 to 208 V Apparent Power (VA) - Accuracy: ± 1.0% of reading Real Power (Watts) - Accuracy: ± 1% of reading Reactive (Vars) - Accuracy: ± 1% Power Factor - Accuracy: ± 0.02

19 Monitoring Oscillography 64 samples / power frequency cycle Adjustable Memory (1 record / 128 cycles to 31 records / 8 cycles) 6 Analog, 15 digital channels can be displayed Selectable triggers Adjustable trigger position Event Recorder 1024 events, events are date and time stamped to nearest millisecond Selection of points to monitor (pickup, operation, logic, I/O)

20 Connectivity Communications Protocols Peer to Peer Communications URPC Integration

21 Communications PROTOCOLS Modbus RTU protocol Standard Front Port: RS232 Rear Port: RS485 up to 115kbps UCA2 protocol Application: MMS Physical: 10BaseT (Ethernet) or 10BaseF (Fiber Optic) Transport layer ISO-OSI and TCP/IP

22 URPC Program Features Windows 95/ NT Based Software View actual values View/edit setting on-line View Event Recorder for troubleshooting Upgrade relay firmware programming View relay Status View/edit setting off-line with setting file manager On-line instruction manual Download & view oscillography in Comtrade format

23 Event Recorder Capture Screen Snapshot Data Oscillographic Data Settings Change Data The three main types of data - Snapshot data, Oscillographic data, and Settings data - can be accessed from this screen, the Event recorder.

24 Snapshot Data

25 Oscillographic Data

26 Settings Change Data

27 UR Relay Types F30 Feeder Management Relay (9/98) L90 Line Current Differential (11/98) C30 Controller/Metering (2/99) C60 Controller/Metering/Breaker Failure (4/99) F60 Feeder Management Relay (4/99) T60 Transformer Management relay (4/99) D60 Line Distance Relay (5/99) L60 Line Current Phase Comparison Relay (6/99) Staged release of enhancements to platform and individual relay models

28 Substation Automation The UR Relay is the Engine for Substation Automation

29 UR - The Universal Relay

30 UR L90 Line Differential Relay An integrated transmission line protection system for series compensated lines

31 L90 Line Differential Relay Power to Protect Your Lines The second Relay designed from the ground up around the MMS/UCA 2 TM Ethernet communications standard. Giving you the flexibility, connectivity and power to manage your facility. Connectivity ModBus RTU MMS/UCA2 TM Protocols SI Compatibility Flexibility FlexCurves FlexLogic FlexModules Other Features

32 L90 Line Differential Relay Presentation Overview Applications Protection and Control New & Unique Concepts User Interfaces Order Codes

33 L90 Line Differential Relay Applications The L90 is a digital current differential relay systeem intended to provide complete protection for transmission lines of any voltage level. Overhead Lines and Cables Lines with 2 Terminals EHV, HV, Sub-Transmission With/ without Series Compensation

34 L90 Line Differential Relay Transmission Line Protection & Metering

35 L90 Line Differential Relay Protection & Control Functions Current Differential with Adaptive Restraint High Speed Tripping, 1/2-2 cycles Backup Overcurrent Direct Transfer Trip Stub Bus Protection

36 L90 Line Differential Relay Current Differential Scheme Similar to a Percentage Restraint Scheme Adaptive Statistical Restraint Adaptive Based on Relay Measurements More Accurate and Sensitive Fault Sensing Detects High Impedance Single Line to Ground Faults that Existing Systems may not Detect

37 L90 Line Differential Relay New & Unique Concepts Three key technical considerations in designing a new current differential relay: Data Consolidation Restraint Characteristic Sampling Synchronization

38 L90 Line Differential Relay Data Consolidation Extract appropriate parameters to be transmitted from raw samples of transmission line currents Balance between transient response and bandwidth Phase consolidation: Phase current information is combined Faulted phase information is lost L90 does not use phase consolidation Time consolidation: Reduces communication bandwidth requirements Improves security caused by single corrupted data sample L90 uses time consolidation

39 L90 Line Differential Relay Phaselets Concept Disturbance Detector 50DD Disturbance Detector 50DD fy ( n ) n Phaselet ( 1/8 cycle) Full Cycle Window = 8 Phaselets

40 L90 Line Differential Relay Phaselets Concept - Prefault +X Area of uncertainty +R +X -X 1st Pre-Fault Phaselet: Disturbance Detector resets calculation window. +R +X Phaselet 1 -X +R +X Phaselet 4 -X +R Phaselet 6 -X Full Cycle Pre-Fault Phasor (No uncertainty) Phaselet 8

41 L90 Line Differential Relay Phaselets Concept - Fault +X +R +X -X 1st Fault Phaselet: Disturbance Detector resets calculation window. +R +X Phaselet 9 -X +R +X Phaselet 12 -X +R Phaselet 14 -X Full Cycle Fault Phasor (No uncertainty) Phaselet 16

42 L90 Line Differential Relay Phaselets Concept - Fault Phaselet Simulation on Noisy Waveform Sinusoid with random white Gaussian noise. f( n) n

43 L90 Line Differential Relay Phaselets Concept - Fault Phaselet Simulation on Noisy Waveform maxmag minmag w w Convergence of uncertainty area to equivalent of full cycle Fourier Transform. 1 Decreasing area of uncertainty (or variance error) as phaslet window size increases w Phaselets improve operating speed while maintaining security.

44 L90 Line Differential Relay Restraint Characteristic Classic Dual-Slope Restraint Characteristic Ioperate I1 Protected Element I2 Ioperate = Iop = I1 + I2 Irestraint = Ir = K [ I1 + I2 ] Iop = I1 + I2 K1 K2 Irestraint

45 L90 Line Differential Relay Restraint Characteristic L90 combines the classic method with adaptive elliptical restraint to improve both security and dependability. Classic Dual-slope Characteristic L90 - Adaptive Elliptical Restraint Im Im Ir Iop Iop Re Re Static restraint region formed by classic method Dynamic restraint region based on magnitude of the variance error measurement (i.e. the difference between the actual values measured and the estimated data from the Fourier Transform calculation) When the waveform is distorted due to CT saturation, harmonic content, or fault initiation transients, the restraint region will grow larger.

46 L90 Line Differential Relay Sampling Synchronization L90 uses distributed clock synchronization Clocks are synchronized to each other (no master clocek) Phases are synchronized to each other Primary source is current measurements Secondary source is time tagged messages (ping-pong) Timing error is driven to zero Phase angle deviations are minimized (<0.6 degree) Clocks are synchronized to the power system frequencey Eliminates one source of error in phasor measurements Loop filter adjusts clock frequency Uses frequency and phase angle deviation

47 L90 Line Differential Relay Sampling Synchronization Current differential requires both relays to be in time synchronization for differential calculations. L90 #1 tf = forward travel timet0 tf Tx Rx Communications Channel Rx Tx L90 #2 t1 Ping-Pong Synchronization Technique: tf = tr = t3 - t0 - (t2 - t1) 2 tr = return travel timetr t3 t2 Traditional Ping-Pong synchronization technique assumes forward time delay (tf) is equal to the return travel time (tr). This is NOT the case for communications equipment found in the utility/industrial environment.

48 L90 Line Differential Relay Sampling Synchronization L90 Improvements on Ping-Pong Synchronization scheme: Minimizes variance on channel delays and jitter by averaging Ping-Pong calculations Implements a DPLL (digital phase-locked-loop) allowing the Ping-Pong algorithm to stabilize to new path delays. Calculates phase error at each end due to channel delays and compensates clocks at both ends

49 L90 Line Differential Relay Flexibility Relay Channels FlexCurves TM FlexLogic TM FlexModules TM Metering and Monitoring

50 L90 Line Differential Relay Relay Channels Two Terminal Communication Channels 820 nm Multi-mode Fiber (LED) 1300 nm Multi-mode Fiber (LED) 1300 nm Single-mode Fiber (ELED) 1300 nm Single-mode Fiber (Laser) G.703 (April 99) RS422 (April 99) Three Terminal Available in April 99

51 L90 Line Differential Relay FlexCurves Typical application of FlexCurves: When the protection curves used for lateral taps 2 and 3 differ; custom FlexCurves can be constructed to coordinate with both.

52 L90 Line Differential Relay Monitoring Fault Location IRIG-B Time Synchronization CT Failure/Current Unbalance Trip Circuit Monitors Channel Monitor Test Features Local loopback for channel Manual test mode Playback of oscillography files

53 L90 Line Differential Relay User Interfaces PROTECTIVE COVER Protects keypad when not in use Can be fitted with a seal RESET KEY Clears event, EVENT CAUSE LED indicators, and latched alarms

54 L90 Line Differential Relay User Interfaces STATUS INDICATORS IN SERVICE: The relay is operating normally TROUBLE: Self-test detected a problem TEST MODE: The relay is in test mode TRIP: A trip command had been issued ALARM: An alarm condition is present PICKUP: Pickup condition detected RS232 SERIAL PORT Connect to a PC to run URPC Use for downloading settings, monitoring data, sequence of events reports, Oscillography

55 L90 Line Differential Relay User Interfaces EVENT CAUSE LED INDICATORS VOLTAGE: Event caused by voltage CURRENT: Event caused by current FREQUENCY: Not applicable OTHER: Not applicable PHASE A Indicates which PHASE B phase was PHASE C involved NEUTRAL/GROUND RS232 SERIAL PORT Connect to a PC to run URPC Use for downloading settings, monitoring data, sequence of events reports, Oscillography

56 L90 Line Differential Relay User Interfaces G E P O W E R M A N A G E M E N T RELAY DISPLAY 40 character vacuum fluorescent display Visible in dim lighting or at any angle Used for programming, monitoring, status, fault diagnosis, user programmable messages and settings MENU HELP ESCAPE MESSAGE KEYPAD Numerical keypad and command keys allow full access to the relay Rubber keypad is dust tight and splash-proof with door Website address via HELP for technical support ENTER VALUE

57 L90 Line Differential Relay User Interfaces CONTACT INPUTS (Expandable) Configurable inputs may be used for: Breaker status Oscillography trigger Control inputs CONTACT OUTPUTS (Expandable) Trip rated Form-A relays Form-C relays that may be programmed for auxiliary functions

58 L90 Line Differential Relay User Interfaces PROGRAM UPDATING Flash memory storage of firmware for field updating via communications port. Enables product updating on-site for latest features. POWERFUL PROCESSORS Numerical data processing using a 32 bit CPU and DSP for high speed complex task processing COMMUNICATIONS ModBus RTU on 115 kbps MMS/UCA 2.0 on Redundant 10BaseF

59 L90 Line Differential Relay Order Code L90 - * 00 - H C * - F ** - H * * - L * *- N* *- S**- U**- W** Base Unit L90 Base Unit CPU A RS485 + RS485 C RS BaseF D RS485 + Redundant 10BaseF Software Options 00 No software options Mounting H Horizontal Faceplate C Faceplate with keypad and display Power Supply L 24/48 V (Low); VDC, VAC H 125/250 V (High); VDC, VAC CT/VT 8A Standard 4CT/4VT Digital I/O XX No module 6G 4 Form-A, 8 inputs 6I 4 SCR outputs, 16 inputs Digital I/O 6A 6A 6A 6A 2 Form-A, 2 Form-C, 8 inputs 6B 6B 6B 6B 2 Form-A, 2 Form-C, 4 inputs 6C 6C 6C 6C 8 Form-C outputs 6D 6D 6D 6D 16 Inputs 6E 6E 6E 6E 4 Form-C, 8 inputs 6F 6F 6F 6F 4 Form-A, 8 inputs 6G 6G 6G 6G 8 Fast Form-C outputs 6H 6H 6H 6H 4 Form-A, 8 inputs 6I 6I 6I 6I 6 Form-A, 4 inputs 6J 6J 6J 6J 4 SS SCR outputs, 8 inputs 6K 6K 6K 6K 4 Form-C, 4 Fast Form-C Inter-Relay Communications 7A 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Terminal 7B 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Terminal 7C 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Terminal 7D 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2 Terminal 7R G Terminal 7T RS422 2 Terminal

60 UR L90 Line Differential Relay An integrated transmission line protection system for series compensated lines