1. General Information. 2. Application. 3. System configuration

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Lambert Smith
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2 1. General Information HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA provides modern solutions for the electric power industry. The great focus today is high-quality costeffective Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), which assists power producers and distributors to get the best from their plants and networks. The newest member of HYUNDAI s family is IMPERIUM series. The series combines a lot of State of the art decisions in a single IED. Simple, cost-effective design with fully integration of all necessity protection, control and monitoring functions; Communication with the upper level of SAS via LAN, electric/fiber optic interfaces and communication protocols according to the current IEC standards including IEC MMS and GOOSE. Possibility to provide all necessary IEDs, communication interfaces and protocols according IEC for the application of the Digital substation concept. Merging units performing all digital data processing necessary to produce a precise time-aligned output data stream of sampled values from the instrument tarnsformers to the Relay protection devices and Monitoring systems via Process bus and communication protocols IEC LE and IEC Application of IEC Clause 4/5 (PRP/HSR) network redundancy protocols for the Station and Process bus communication; Variety of time synchronization protocols - NTP/SNTP, IEEE1588 (PTP), IRIG-B, 1PPS, etc.; 2. Application IMPERIUM series provides a lot of protection and data processing functions with a great variety of applications. Power transformers as a basic equipment in the Transmission and Distribution Network provoked the development of a powerful Monitoring and Control System (MCS) based of IMPERIUM series. The MCS is suitable for medium and large oil immersed Power Transformers and includes the following basic features: Oil immersed Power Transformers electrical and technological parameters measurement and monitoring; Single/Parallel Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR); Smart cooling control; MCS offers the following basic functions: Measurement and processing Monitoring and control Recording Communication 3. System configuration MCS offers a modern Decentralized topology with Central unit (CU) of type RTU- D3 placed in the Control room, Local units (LUs) of type RTB-D12 and optionally Merging units RTB-D20 both placed in a cabinet near the Power Transformer. Two types for the local level architecture are available: RTB-D12 for DC inputs, BIs, BOs, FO cable to the CU and copper cables between the CTs and VTs and the Central unit for current and voltage values; RTB-D12 for DC inputs, BIs, BOs, FO cable to the CU and Merging unit for CT and VT sampled values with FO Ethernet Process bus to the CU. The MCS architecture and Technical data are given on Fig.1, Fig.2 and Table 1. 2 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

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5 4. Technical data Availability Table 1 1 Measurement & Monitoring Basic Optional 1.1 Number of OLTC switching operations as a function of the load current 1.2 OLTC Tap position 1.3 Date, hour and minute of OLTC switching operations 1.4 Motor drive unit (MDU)/OLTC runtime monitoring 1.5 Oil temperature in the diverter switch 1.6 Air temperature in the MDU cabinet 1.7 Transformer ambient temperature 1.8 Surface temperature of the OLTC motor 1.9 Top oil temperature in the transformer tank 1.10 Bottom oil/output of the cooling system 1.11 Transformer gas-in-oil content 1.12 Transformer moisture in oil content 1.13 Transformer oil level 1.14 OLTC oil level 1.15 Transformer oil pressure 1.16 Voltage value of the MDU power supply 1.17 Load current of the OLTC motor 1.18 Load current via the OLTC contacts 1.19 Busbar voltage 1.20 Technological limits user defined logical equations with settings 1.21 Binary inputs (BIs) and Binary outputs (BOs) monitoring 2. Calculations and statistics Basic Optional 2.1 Number of the OLTC switching operations for revision and inspection 2.2 Number of changes for each OLTC tap during a definite period of time hour, day, month 2.3 Date/time when the respective OLTC position has been changed 2.4 OLTC torque calculation and monitoring using the values of the motor load current and power supply voltage 5 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

6 2. Calculations and statistics Basic Optional 2.5 Hours/days/months during which each cooler group (pumps and fans) has been changed, has been in operation/out of operation 2.6 Number of OLTC switching operations issued manually/automatically after the last reset 2.7 Number of OLTC switching operations under the load and unloaded for each tap 2.8 Winding insulation hot-spot temperature (HST) calculation and monitoring acc. IEC Transformer loss of life calculation and monitoring acc. IEC Transformer working hours monitoring 2.11 OLTC (MDU) working hours monitoring 2.12 Pumps, Fans working hours monitoring 2.13 OLTC Oil working hours monitoring 2.14 OLTC periodical information max/min and average values of the basic monitoring parameters 3 Visualization, control, blocking, signalization Basic Optional 3.1 Visualization of all the information stored in the devices on the CU Graphical display 3.2 OLTC local control (through the Central unit front panel buttons and graphical display) 3.3 OLTC remote control via Digital inputs and/or SAS/Dispatch Center 3.4 Ability to switch over between local and remote OLTC control 3.5 Generation of Raise/Lower control commands to the OLTC 3.6 Control of heating in MDU 3.7 Emergency stop of MDU via command to the trip coil of motor circuit breaker 3.8 MDU control prohibition via free-potential contacts depending on the oil temperature in the diverter switch and the OLTC load current 3.9 OLTC blocking via GOOSE communication information 3.10 OLTC blocking depending on definite conditions 3.11 Cooling system local control (via Central unit front panel) 3.12 Cooling system remote control (from SAS) 3.13 OLTC Warning signalization 3.14 Cooling system warning signalization 3.15 OLTC does not execute raise/lower command 3.16 Tap changer is in wrong direction 6 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

7 3 Visualization, control, blocking, Basic Optional signalization 3.17 Error in the parallel operation 3.18 Warning signals for over limit values of the measured variables 4 Automatic control Basic Optional 4.1 Automatic voltage regulation (AVR) - optional Automatic OLTC control of a single transformer Automatic OLTC control of parallel operating Power transformers Master follower with max tap difference Circulating Reactive current minimization (with communication between the devices) Power factor monitoring (without communication between the devices) Three-phase overcurrent blocking Three-phase under-voltage blocking Line drop compensation mode R & compensation Z compensation Desired Voltage adaptation depending on the active power Detecting parallel operation via topology information for the primary, secondary or for the both sides 4.2 Automatic cooling system control - optional Smooth start/stop of the pumps via frequency control of the inverters Pumps flow regulation depending on the difference between the oil and the ambient temperature Switching over the main and the back-up inverter Switching over the different pumps, fan groups and its alternation depending on user defined conditions Switching over the oil pumps Emergency tripping of the transformer after over limit values identification Modes of cooling system control fixed and cyclic 5 Communication Basic Optional 5.1 Communication interfaces with the SAS server RS485 twisted pair BASE F ST/LC optical Ethernet BASE T RJ45 electrical Ethernet 5.2 Communication interface between Central and Local units (RTB-D12) - serial FO 820 nm 7 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

8 5 Communication Basic Optional 5.3 Communication interface between Central and Merging units (optional) - 100BASE F ST/LC optical Ethernet 5.4 Communication Interface for PC based MMI program IrDA FO cable with optical head and PC USB 5.5 Communication protocols with SAS Server IEC IEC IEC MODBUS IEC MMS GOOSE messages 5.6 Communication protocol between Central and Merging units Fully decentralized system (optional) For horizontal communication - IEC GOOSE profile For vertical TCP/IP communication - IEC MMS profile 5.7 Time synchronization Manually Via SCADA Via SNTP/PTP time synchronization through the substation LAN and GPS 5.8 Web-based visualization for remote configuration and measurement display optional Ethernet FO/Electrical 6. Settings Basic Optional 6.1 Desired DC analog value - Min/Max value 6.2 Possibility to increase/decrease the desired value with user configurable step width 6.3 Delay time for accelerated correction of the controlled deviations 6.4 Types of value for regulation Single-phase Three phase voltage average value 6.5 AVR direction setting Standard - raise command to increase the voltage Swapped - raise command to decrease the voltage 6.6 AVR Control command type - continuous, pulse type 8 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

9 6. Settings Basic Optional 6.7 Target tap position operation In case of activation then OLTC goes immediately to this position 6.8 Default mode after restart Manual / AVR 7. Recorders Basic Optional 7.1 Event recorder 7.2 Data logger 8. HARDWARE - Central unit RTU-D3 Basic Optional 8.1 Power supply range VDC/VAC, 24 72, 220VDC/VAC Power consumption - max 17 W at 220VDC 8.2 Frequency range Hz, Hz 8.3 User configurable Binary inputs (BIs) User configurable Binary outputs (BOs)- 3 + ready User configurable Binary outputs (BOs)- 8 + ready 8.5 AC Inputs AC current input HV side 1A/5A accuracy (at I N, C): <± 0.5% AC current input HV side 1A/5A accuracy (at I N, C): <± 0.5% AC voltage input HV side 100/110V accuracy (at Un, C): <± 0.3% AC voltage input HV side 100/110V accuracy (at Un, C): <± 0.3% AC current input LV side (AVR) 0.2A/1A/5A accuracy (at I N, C): <± 0.5% AC voltage input LV side (AVR) 100/110V accuracy (at Un, C): <± 0.3% Communication to the SAS server FO Ethernet -100 BASE F ST/LC Electrical Ethernet 100 BASE T RJ RS485 - twisted pair 8.7 Interface with Local units Interface with RTB-D12 - serial full duplex FO MM 820 nm Interface with Merging unit (optional) - FO Ethernet 100 BASE F ST/LC 8.8 Interface to PC based MMI program - FO cable IrDA optical head 8.9 Communication protocols Communication protocols with the upper level of SAS IEC , MODBUS 9 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

10 8. HARDWARE Central unit RTU-D3 Basic Optional Communication protocols with the upper level of SAS IEC , IEC , IEC Communication protocol with Merging unit - IEC LE and IEC Front panel interface User configurable LED indication Graphical display - 640x480 dot matrix Buttons - 9 system and 8 functional Working language English Russian Working language German Spanish French Italian Portuguese 8.11 Additional parameters Degree of Protection - front panel acc. to BDS EN IP Degree of Protection - terminals acc. to BDS EN IP Operating temperature C Dimension and weight (W x H x D) 225x266x 83.8/ 3.6kg 9. HARDWARE Local unit RTB-D Power supply VDC/VAC 9.2 DC analog inputs Free programmable DC Analog input 4-20 ma, 20 ma Pt100 type (4 wire) Pt100 type (2 wire) Thermocouple (J & K type) AC analog inputs Load current of MDU electrical motor Motor Drive Unit (MDU) power supply voltage Binary inputs (BIs) - user configurable Binary outputs (BOs) - user configurable Additional parameters Degree of protection acc. to BDS EN IP Operating temperature C Dimension and weight (W x H x D) x99.5x 44/ 0.8kg 10 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

11 9. HARDWARE Local unit RTB-D Communication Interface with the Central unit Serial full duplex FO interface MM 820 nm 10. HARDWARE Merging unit RTB-D20 (Optional) Basic 10.1 Power supply VDC/VAC 10.2 AC analog inputs AC current input HV side 0.2A/1A/5A accuracy (at I N, C): <± 0.5% AC current input HV side 0.2A/1A/5A accuracy (at I N, C): <± 0.5% AC voltage input HV side 100/110V accuracy (at Un, C): <± 0.3% AC voltage input HV side 100/110V accuracy (at Un, C): <± 0.3% AC current input LV side 0.2A/1A/5A accuracy (at I N, C): <± 0.5% AC voltage input LV side 100/110V accuracy (at Un, C): <± 0.3% Communication interface Interface with the Central unit FO Ethernet 100 BASE F ST/LC 10.4 Communication protocols For horizontal communication - IEC GOOSE profile For vertical TCP/IP communication - IEC GOOSE profile Optional 11 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

12 5. Functions 5.1Monitoring Number of the OLTC switching operations as a function of the load current The counting of the switching operations as a function of the OLTC load current is intended to define the approximate inspection time for the OLTC. It is achieved through the given below procedure. The following input parameters are available in the monitoring system: OLTC rated current - Іn Maximum permissible OLTC load current - Imax Permissible number of switching operations without failure at rated current guaranteed by the manufacturer - n Permissible number of switching operations without failure at no load guaranteed by the manufacturer - nmax By means of the abovementioned data the value of S1 is calculated. S1 is the permissible number of switching operations without failure at rated current (guaranteed by the manufacturer), multiplied by the rated current: S1= Іn * n Then the value of S2 is calculated, which is the real number of the switching operations multiplied by the real current value during the operation. The monitoring system is able to inform the operator for necessity of inspection in the following cases: The number of the switching operations is bigger than the maximum permissible number n>n max A switching operation is performed at load current bigger than the maximum permissible current I>I max S2>S OLTC position monitoring The information for the OLTC tap position is received through a dedicated DC input of resistance type, DC current/voltage input (4-20 ma etc.) or BCD code. The processing of these data is as follows: Visualization - all steps of the tap changer are graphically viewed. The actual tap position is clearly distinguished. Warning/Alarm warning signalization is activated when the OLTC reaches the end upper or lower position or in case of uncompleted command. Warning LEDs are blinking upon the customer settings. Recording - each OLTC switching operation is recorded in a database which monitors the total number of switches and when a certain number of switching operations is reached, a warning or an alarm message is displayed, indicating that inspection or revision(depending on the number of switching operations) must be performed. 12 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

13 5.1.3 Date, hour and minute of OLTC switching operations The system is able to record in a non-volatile memory the exact data for Date/Time of the OLTC position changing. The information is used as an archive of the changes and their frequency during the time OLTC torque calculation and monitoring The system is able to provide information about the OLTC torque based on the motor supply voltage and load current available via RTB-D12 and rotational speed of the motor. The rotational speed could be considered as a constant value. There is a possibility binary output to be activated whenever the torque reaches a certain limit value. An alarm massage, LED and prohibiting signal to the motor drive through the RTB-D12 is able to be issued in this case. Visualization - current, voltage, motor and OLTC torque are able to be displayed Warning - when the motor torque reaches value above certain level, the monitoring system can activate an alarm message on the display, light up a LED and issue a prohibiting signal to the MDU. The automatic prohibition is optional (selected from the software). Recording - the values of current and voltage are recorded and are available for accessing in the "Archive" in form of tables or graphics. The time period of tables and graphics is adjustable. In that interval the values of the voltage, current, motor torque are displayed in a general graphic with different line widths and it is possible to exclude some of the lines for a better clarity. The same data are able to be included in a table and there is a possibility to exclude certain columns for a better clarity. The tables and the graphics for a specified time interval are displayed as well as the moments (time) of switching operations MDU runtime monitoring After starting the OLTC movement after a control command the MDU issues a respective signal during its operation. The signal is present until the OLTC operation is completed. The algorithm compares the duration of the signal with the motor runtime setting and if the set is exceeded, the device issues respective messages and activates preliminary user defined outputs Temperature monitoring Several temperatures are able to be measured and/or calculated and monitored Oil temperature in the diverter switch Environmental temperature in the MDU cabinet Surface temperature of the MDU motor Top oil temperature in transformer tank Top/Bottom oil temperature of the cooling system Winding Hot Spot Temperature (HST) Ambient temperature Other technological parameters monitoring Transformer gas-in-oil content Transformer moisture in oil content Transformer and OLTC oil level monitoring with alarm massages too low or too high Transformer oil pressure monitoring Transformer electrical parameters measurement and monitoring Voltage of MDU power supply circuit Load current of MDU electrical motor circuit Transformer/OLTC load current Busbar voltage Processing information from the monitoring modules Based on the value of the technological parameters the user is able to define logical equations with settings: 13 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

14 - Pick up value - Drop-off value - Time delay These equations are intended to be used in the cases when some combination of technological conditions is appeared and is necessary to be signalized, recorded, to block some activities or to start control commands Technological parameters measurement - sampling rate Temperature and all other technological parameters are measured at every 1s. The HST is calculated at every 5s. Transformer loss of life monitoring acc. IEC , Transformer and Pumps/Fans working hours monitoring is calculated at every 5s Load current flowing through the contacts of the OLTC Information about the current through the OLTC contacts is able to be updated on every 1s. Visualization value of the current Warning/alarm - when the current of the OLTC reaches definite limit above the nominal value, the monitoring system is able to issue and display an alarm message, light up a LED and to generate a prohibiting signal to the MDU until the value of the measured current is reduced below the preliminary set limit. Recording the values of the current through the OLTC contacts are recorded and are available for accessing in the "Archive" mode as a table or graphically Binary inputs and outputs monitoring and recording Visualization - if any of the binary inputs or outputs is activated, the CU display gives an indication for the corresponding event. Recording - activation of a binary input or output is recorded and can be accessed from the "Archive" as a table. The time period of the table is adjustable Configuration of the monitoring functions Each function is user configurable. Wide range of settings is available: Enable/Disable the function Warnings or alarm messages configuration with the respective settings for min/max limits (two for low and two for high), for hysteresis, time delay, LEDs, outputs activation, blocking conditions, storing in the Archive Preparing the respective information for sending to the upper level of SAS Central unit front panel possibilities There are different types of visual information on the front panel of the Central unit: User defined LEDs indication Graphical Display with the available information measured values, current status of the equipment, statistical/calculated information, configuration and setting parameters, different types of messages (warning, alarm, system), event recorder. 5.2 Calculations and statistics A lot of statistical reports based on the calculation of the measured variables are realized into the device and the user is able to go over each of them. Most typical part of the reports is given below: Number of OLTC switching operations for revision and inspection; There is an ability the information for the switching operations to be upload from the "Archive" and visualized in form of tables or graphics. The time period of tables and graphics is adjustable. Date/Time during which each cooling group (pumps and fans) has been in operation; 14 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

15 Number of OLTC operations issued manually and automatically; Winding insulation hot-spot temperature (HST) calculation acc. IEC through the information for the load current, top oil temperature and other technological parameters; Transformer loss of life calculation acc. IEC , based on the winding insulation HST; Transformer working hours monitoring; Pumps and Fans working hours monitoring. 5.3 Visualization, control and blocking Visualization of all parameters at a Graphical display on the front panel of the Central unit; OLTC and Cooling system local control through the Central unit front panel buttons and the graphical display; Possibility for switching on OLTC local (from the MCS) or remote (from SAS) control; Raise/Lower control commands to MDU issued from the device front panel functional buttons or from SAS Emergency stop of MDU through an output command to the trip coil of the motor protection; Prohibition of the MDU control in case of over limit oil temperature, over current, under and over voltage, high circulating current (parallel operation) and in case of user defined blocking conditions availability; Indication through LED and or BO that MDU control is prohibited; OLTC blocking through the GOOSE communication. Automatic voltage regulation function is blocked if the GOOSE communication for any one of the voltage control functions in the parallel group fails, and all voltage control functions which belong to the same parallel group can be blocked. OLTC blocking at the appearance of one or more of the given below conditions: - The position did not respond to a Raise or Lower command within settable timeout; - The position is not changed at all; - The position is changed with more than one step; - The OLTC is moved in the wrong direction; - The highest step is reached (extreme position); - The lowest step is reached (extreme position). 5.4 Automatic control Automatic voltage regulation (AVR) The basic modes of operation are: Automatic OLTC control of a single transformer Automatic OLTC control of power transformers working in parallel. Additionally, there is a possibility for threephase overcurrent and under-voltage blocking of the AVR function. The purpose of the regulation is to maintain a stable secondary side voltage of the power transformer. The basis for this operation is the reference voltage, which is set by the user. Via adding or decreasing various compensation factors, the device calculates a control voltage from the reference voltage. The voltage can be controlled at the point of voltage measurement or at a load point located out in the substation. The load point voltage calculation is based on the measured load current and the known impedance from the voltage measuring point to the load point - Line drop compensation method. 15 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

16 Automatic voltage control can be either for a single transformer or for transformers working in parallel. AVR for Power transformers working in parallel The function is intended to control two or more power transformers connected to the same busbar. Parallel control of power transformers can be executed in different ways, depending of the user defined configuration. All standard methods (Master follower, Minimization of circulating reactive current/power between the transformers in parallel, load power factor) are available in the MCS Cooling system automatic control The cooling system is possible to be automatically controlled depending on the oil and windings temperature (thermal model). Automatic cooling control can be applied for each cooler and allow equalizing of their operation period. Different technological parameters can be measured through the DC inputs. Based on this information and on the developed functional algorithms the system is able to provide: Smooth start/stop of the pumps through the frequency control by the inverters Pumps flow regulation depending on the difference between the oil and the ambient temperature Switching over the main and back-up inverter depending on the readiness and alternation during the time Switching over the pump/fans groups through the external multiplexer and groups alteration during the time Warning signals for over limit values of the measured variables Emergency tripping of the transformer after over limit values identification 5.5 Communication Communication interfaces of CU with the upper level of SAS The following interfaces are available for the Central unit communication with the upper level of SAS: FO 100BASE F ST/LC optical Ethernet 100BASE T RJ45 electrical Ethernet RS485 electrical Communication protocols of CU to the upper level of SAS The Central unit RTU-D3 supports with the upper level of SAS the following standard communication protocols: IEC , IEC , IEC , MODBUS, IEC Communication interface between Central (RTU-D3) and Local units (RTB-D12) The communication between the Central and Local units is realized via serial full duplex FO interface MM 820 nm Communication interface between CU (RTU-D3) and Local level (RTB-D12, Merging unit RTB-D20) The communication between the Central and RTU-D12 is realized via serial full duplex FO interface MM 820 nm. For the Merging unit is used FO Ethernet and communication protocol according to IEC LE and IEC see Fig Communication with PC based MMI program An interface for communication with the PC based MMI program is available in the CU. The connection between the Central unit and PC running MMI software is done via IrDA interface by means of specially designed optical head. The connection is fully isolated. The head interface on the PC side is a standard PC USB port. 16 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

17 5.5.5 Central unit time synchronization In the Central unit SNTP/PTP time synchronization via substation LAN and GPS is available. 5.6 Recorders Event recorder The Event recorder function in the Central unit is designed for massages storing, managing and visualizing. This function is basic and provide the operational staff with the necessary information for the fast identification of the current situation in the object and in the past. The information recorded by the Event recorder is stored in a non-volatile memory and can be shown at the unit display, memorized in the SAS or uploaded in the PC with running MMI program. The stored event can be found in the unit memory and displayed on the front panel by using the following logical filters: Last stored event; Number of the event; Events stored during the last hour; Events stored during the last 24 hours; Events stored during the last month (up to the same moment in the previous month); Records stored during the chosen day Data logger (optional) The load of the transformer or other available technological parameters could be stored in the Central unit non-volatile memory and later visualized on the device display or on the display of SAS. 17 HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO. BULGARIA 2018

Timothy Cox Application and Support Engineer Dynamic Ratings Australia

Timothy Cox Application and Support Engineer Dynamic Ratings Australia Transformer Management Systems for Optimising Utilisation and Reliability The Transformer: A complex system Bushings Tap changer Cooling