Thailand Country Report

Transcription

1 Thailand Country Report International Coordination Meeting for the development of Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean within a Global Framework UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France 3 8 March Damage Report 1

2 First Strike Effects of the Tsunami Human Impact and Property Damage 5,395 deaths, around half of whom were foreigners. 1,531 bodies remain unidentified. 8,457 people were injured. 2,991 people are still missing. 880 children have been rendered orphans. The damage to houses, farmland, fisheries, livestock, businesses and infrastructure totals nearly 600 million USD. This does not include environmental damage, which has not yet been calculated. The Royal Thai Government has so far given 14.5 million USD in cash compensations to victims, fishermen and SMEs affected by the tsunami. The NESDB has estimated that damage is nearly 1% of Thailand s s GDP. However, it forecasts that GDP will still grow by % in

3 2. Current Capabilities Sources of Seismic Activity in Thailand Subduction zone along the plate boundary in the Andaman Sea. Active faults in Myanmar, Laos, southern China, Vietnam. Active faults in northern and western Thailand. Reservoirs can also induce seismic activity. 3

4 Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) The Seismological Bureau of the TMD is the responsible agency to detect and impending earthquakes and seismic risks. The Marine Meteorological Centre under the Meteorological Observation and Warning Bureau will also support Thailand s efforts to create an effective tsunami early warning system. Seismic Activities of TMD Seismic monitoring with analogue and digital systems. Centre of earthquake information and basic knowledge. International cooperation with countries such as the United States, Japan and China. International data exchange through ASNET- RESED, GARNET and USGS. Policy and planning for installation of the national seismic monitoring network. Acts as the secretariat for the National Earthquake Committee of Thailand. Seismological research. 4

5 Thailand s Seismic Sensor Network In 1963,, with the support of the United States Government, a WWSSN station was firstly situated in the northern part of Thailand in Chiang Mai province. In 1965,, another WWSSN was installed in the southern part of Thailand in Songkhla province. The Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) currently has 13 Analog Stations (SPS-Z). In addition, 11 Digital Stations have been installed in all parts of the country. Information is transmitted and received through data communication mmunications s links,, including telephone lines and VSAT (satellite). Telecommunications Thailand has good communication links via its own communication and natural resources remote sensing satellites. Thailand is a regional telecommunication hub for South East Asia and uses the WMO s Global Telecommunication System (GTS ) for fast, efficient data transmission and reception. Thailand has a good infrastructure for radio links, including the UHF and VHF bands. 5

6 3. Planning for Disaster Management Upgraded Seismic Sensor Network Phase 1 ( ) 2006) Upgrade, re-install and expand network with 4 new stations. 15 Digital Stations in Mae Hong Son (2 stations), Chiang Mai (2 stations), Chiang Rai,, Nan, Phrae, Tak, Loie, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Leam Dam, Srinakarin Dam, Prachuabkirikhan, Suratthani and Songkhla. Near real time link via VSAT. 6

7 Phase 2 ( ) 2008) 15 new digital stations in Chiang Mai, Nakhon Phanom, Sakon Nakhon, Petchaboon, Ubonratchathani, Nakhon Ratchasima, Chanthaburi, Prachuabkirikhan, Chumporn, Ranong, Pangnga, Trang, Krabi, Satun and Yala. Near real time link via VSAT. Seismic Database by 2007, which will include data of earthquake events detected by seismometers, active faults, and a seismic risks map. New Station Existing Station Sensor Buoys Tidal Gauges Thailand plans to place sensor buoys and tidal gauges in various strategic locations. We will require international support to successfully implement this plan. 7

8 Training Thailand will require support to train seismological and tsunami experts. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) based in Thailand and Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) based in Japan may conduct a joint train-the the- trainers program on basic tsunami awareness and education for affected countries in the Indian Ocean, including Thailand. Tsunami Countermeasures Countermeasures being considered by Thailand include: Relocation to higher grounds. Engineering construction for Tsunami mitigation. Warning towers for radio and loudspeaker broadcasts. Creation of mangroves and green belts. 8

9 Preparedness The Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DPM) has established a Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Academy since December 2004 to provide enhance knowledge and awareness for all citizens and stakeholders. The DPM conducts Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) Training courses for around 250 communities each fiscal year. The DPM has prepared 12 Regional Emergency Operation Teams to cope with any disaster. The DPM has developed 300,000 volunteers to assist in disaster management. DPM supports all provinces in Thailand to exercise their own Disaster Emergency Plans at least twice a year. DPM has had a collaboration MOU with the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) since In cooperation with ADPC, the DPM has arranged for the broadcast of a television series on floods and landslides on a weekly basis since February Thailand plans to set up a Centre for Advanced Study in Natural Disaster Informatics and Telematics to conduct research on early detection systems and assist in the development of sensor networks. We have already begun scientific cooperation with Finland and Japan. Warning DART, Tidal Guage JMA 9

10 Seismic sensors tidal stations JMA Thailand Tsunami Detection Network DART, Tidal Guage 4. Recommendations 10

11 Recommendations Modernize and share measurement information and analysis results in real-time Existing tidal and seismic stations are basis of tsunami warning system. They need to be upgraded to communicate with data centers in real-time. Existing tsunami research centers to accommodate additional input data and share the analysis results with others on the Internet. Create a healthy regional framework for warning system Enhancing national capacities for tsunami and multi-hazard early warning must be a priority for all governments. Coordination at the regional and international levels is also vital to create a truly effective global system. We are, therefore, looking forward to the successful preparation of draft work plan, timetable and design plan of this meeting. The final plans and time table should be followed up by periodic review and assessment in their implementation. Recommendations (Con.) Create a healthy regional framework for warning system The Indian Ocean needs a regional focal point to coordinate national efforts and ensure compatibility of systems, in a similar way to existing regional centres such as the PTWC and NWPTIC. Any regional system will need to be linked to a wider global network of local and regional warning systems, which should be coordinated by the IOC of UNESCO and UN-ISDR. A regional focal point for tsunami early warning in the Indian Ocean should be identified as soon as possible. 11

12 Recommendations (Con.) Thailand views ADPC as suitable for being the said focal point because of its international status and long experiences in disaster management in Asia. The international communities should provide sufficient financial support to setup Tsunami Early Warning System both at the national and regional levels, through mechanism such as the Voluntary Trust Fund recently proposed by Thailand. The Trust Fund will soon be operational for which Thailand will give US$ 10 Million as seed money. Thank You 12