Source: ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book 2015 originated in EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database
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1 Japan s contribution to disaster management in the Asia and the Pacific region through international cooperation by applying Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation ( GSMaP ) The 61 st session of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space June 2018 Takanori Miyoshi Administrator Satellite Applications and Operations Center (SAOC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
2 1. Introduction 1
3 Occurrence Asia: 4,064 World : 10,535 Asia and Disasters Asia has been seriously damaged by natural disasters over the last 30 years ( ). Source: ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book 2015 originated in EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium) Asia 39% Damage Asia: 1,262,641million US$ World :2,617,670 million US$ Killed Asia: 1,164,728 World: 1,942,334 48% 61% Affected Asia: 5,349,809 thousand World: 6,025,290 thousand 89% 2
4 Water-related natural hazards and Asia Water-related hazards account for 90 per cent of all natural hazards, and their frequency and intensity is generally rising (4th UN World Water Development Report, 2012). By 2050, rising populations in flood-prone lands, climate change, deforestation, loss of wetlands and rising sea levels are expected to increase the number of people vulnerable to flood disaster to 2 billion (UNESCO, 2012). Information on precipitation that may induce water-related disaster is crucially important. Floods in Pakistan in 2010 (before and after) JAXA Landslide in the Philippines caused by the typhoon Nona in 2015 PHIVOLCS 3
5 Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission International Cooperation jointly led by NASA and JAXA Aimed at establishing accurate and frequent global precipitation observation system GPM mission consists of GPM Core Observatory and constellation satellites. The Core Observatory was developed jointly by NASA and JAXA. NASA and JAXA launched the GPM Core Observatory Satellite on 27 February Constellation satellites with microwave radiometers were developed by various organisations. NASA 4
6 Global Precipitation Measurement Core satellite Precipitation Radar Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar GPM Microwave Imager Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Providing reference standard Constellation satellites Microwave Radiometer Gauge for calibration JMA IR imager by Geostationary satellite IR Imager Multi-satellite Rainfall Product hourly global rainfall data 0.1x0.1deg. lat./lon. some kinds of GSMaP for various purposes (nearreal time, long-term reanalysis etc..) Distribute in some data format via FTP site or website 5
7 2. Application of GSMaP to disaster management ~Sentinel Asia~ 6
8 Sentinel Asia Started in 2006 based on recommendations from APRSAF, Sentinel Asia is an international collaboration to support disaster management in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum Participants Space agencies, disaster management agencies, international organizations... Technology Remote sensing Web-GIS 7
9 Emergency Observation Flow Requesting Organization (RO) Disaster Occurrence ADRC members JPT members Emergency Observation Request, Disaster Info Communication on status of disaster, observation, etc. Feedback ADRC International Disaster Charter Escalation of Emergency Observation Request Disaster Info Analyzed Products Data Provider Emergency Observation Request Node (DPN) Support JAXA (JPT Secretariat) Support Sentinel Asia Web System Data Analysis Node (DAN) Disaster Management Agencies in Asia Own Data 8
10 Effective use of GSMaP for prompt emergency observation Flood in Viet Nam Quang Binh Province in October hour (12 to 14 Oct.) accumulated rainfall according to GSMaP Emergency Observation Request was made promptly to Sentinel Asia on 16 October
11 3. Application of GSMaP to disaster management ~UNESCO Pakistan Flood Project~ 10
12 UNESCO Pakistan flood project Strategic Strengthening of Flood Warning and Management Capacity Funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Implementing Agency: UNESCO Agencies involved: Pakistani Stakeholders (Planning Commission Pakistan, FFD, PMD, SUPARCO, WAPDA, NDMA NUST, PCRWR, SAWCRI), ICHARM, and JAXA Main Activities: (a) flood early warning system development using ICHARM s Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) (b) capacity-building in Pakistan to manage the floods Acknowledgement: UNESCO and JICA 11
13 Accuracy enhancement of GSMaP for practical use 1 GSMaP original data tend to underestimate the amount of precipitation. Ground Truth (corrected ground radar) GSMaP original data mm/day 12
14 Accuracy enhancement of GSMaP for practical use 2 GSMaP Rainfall Data (Original) Hourly rainfall [mm/hr] YYYYMMDD HH:00 (Provided after four hours from satellite observation) Download Corrected Rainfall Data Download GSMaP-IF Correction Ground Rainfall Data (For calibration) start time term /6/17 0: /6/18 0: /6/19 0: Extracting Subset Area Subset Data JAXA developed and has been upgrading a specific software entitled GSMaP IF to correct the amount of precipitation provided by GSMaP. Correction Area Ground Truth (corrected ground radar) Subset Area By using GSMaP IF, the accuracy of GSMaP enhances. GSMaP IF result (corrected by version 3.0) mm/day 13
15 GSMaP rainfall (mm/day) Toward the practical use of GSMaP for flood management - Original GSMaP - With GSMaP IF Version With GSMaP IF Version 3.0 Ground truth (mm/day) Capacity-building on the use of GSMaP IF Back-to-back with UNESCO workshop 20 December 2017 Improved accuracy of GSMaP data with GSMap IF JAXA will address further improvement of GSMaP accuracy. Under UNESCO project, an additional online capacity-building session is planned in July. GSMaP data are expected to be operationally used for flood management in Pakistan soon. 14
16 4. Application of GSMaP to disaster management ~Sentinel Asia Success Story in the Philippines~ Hybrid of UNESCO Pakistan project (spin-off) and Sentinel Asia 15
![rainfall [mm/hr] YYYYMMDD HH:00 (Provided after four hours from satellite observation) GSMaP-IF Correction Corrected](/docs-images/90/102452658/images/17-6.jpg "Rainfall Data Correction Area Extracting Subset Area Subset Data Subset Area Analysis / warning Ground-based rainfall")
17 start time term /6/17 0: /6/18 0: /6/19 0: Application of GSMaP to landslides - GSMaP-based Landslide Warning System (GLAWS) Pilot project of Sentinel Asia to address activities in the pre-disaster phase Spin-off of technologies developed through UNESCO Pakistan flood project (GSMaP IF) Use of demonstrated landslides monitoring technologies in Japan ( Radial Basis Function Network) Rainfall monitoring Automatic prediction System Calibrated rainfall data via GSMaP IF GSMaP Rainfall Data (Original) Download Download Ground Rainfall Data (For calibration) Application GSMaP Hourly rainfall [mm/hr] YYYYMMDD HH:00 (Provided after four hours from satellite observation) GSMaP-IF Correction Corrected Rainfall Data Correction Area Extracting Subset Area Subset Data Subset Area Analysis / warning Ground-based rainfall data Model preparation Hazard maps, Criteria Agency/ Local gov. Warning criteria 16
18 Framework of Sentinel Asia Success Story in the Philippines Team Japan Team Philippines Focal Point of Activity in Philippines Advisory Agencies Cooperation PCIEERD, DOST NDCC Contract JAXA PHIVOLCS Advice Implementing Agencies (L. Support) NAMRIA PAGASA MGB NDCC Disaster Information Dissemination End User Agencies (T. Support) The local government, Rescue Authority and Press etc 17
19 Case Study (Typhoon NONA) Typhoon Nona, a powerful tropical cyclone, struck the Luzon island in December 2015, causing several big landslides destroying houses, roads and other facilities. GLAWS issues an alert on the very moment when the devastating landslide occurred. Barangay Tanauan, Quezon (13:30 pm, Dec. 19) Evacuation Warning Local Provincial DRR Office reported that landslide occurred at about 1:30 p.m. on 19 December
20 Future Plan Based on the success of prototype GSMaP-based Landslide Warning System (GLAWS), the Team Philippines are planning to make it operational in wide areas. PAGASA will be the leady by bringing together all the stakeholders. JAXA will provide technical support with regard to rainfall data calibration. 19
21 5. The way forward 20
22 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Transforming our World, the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development Agreed at UN General Assembly in Sep 2015 To assists countries to measure, manage and monitor progress on economic, social and environmental sustainability. Basic principle of the 2030 Agenda: No one is to be left behind. 21
23 SDGs and GSMaP SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable GPM Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) In-situ Data Model Warning Message Disaster mitigation through flood early warning system using GSMaP in partnership with such as UNESCO and local stakeholders has been registered at Japan s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Promotion Headquarters as one of the priority subjects! 22
24 Sendai Framework and space technologies Priority 1. Understanding disaster risk National and local levels 24 (f) To promote real time access to reliable data, make use of space and in situ information, including geographic information systems (GIS), and use information and communications technology innovations to enhance measurement tools and the collection, analysis and dissemination of data Global and regional levels 25 (c) To promote and enhance, through international cooperation, including technology transfer, access to and the sharing and use of nonsensitive data and information, as appropriate, communications and geospatial and space-based technologies and related services; maintain and strengthen in situ and remotely-sensed earth and climate observations; and 23
25 Sendai Framework and Sentinel Asia Strategic Plan Four specific priorities for action; Priority Action-1(PA-1); Understanding disaster risk Priority Action-2(PA-2); Strengthening disaster risk governance to mange disaster risk Priority Action-3(PA-3); Investing in disaster risk reduction Priority Action-4(PA-4); Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to "Build Back Better" in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. MITIGATION Hazard Map Early Warning Success Story Pre-disaster monitoring PA-1 PA-3 PREPADNESS Training Capacity Building PA-1 Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) PA.-2 RECOVERY Mid/Long-term monitoring Recovery Status PA-4 RESPONSE Emergency Observation Data Analysis Damage Assessment PA-4 24
26 Sendai Framework and Sentinel Asia Mitigation/Preparedness Sendai Framework observed that the mitigation and preparedness phases of the entire disaster management cycle are significant in reducing the impacts, losses, damages of disasters Sentinel Asia will further address activities in the mitigation and preparedness phases in particular, early warning, such as the expansion of the GSMaP based landslide monitoring and flood monitoring demonstrated as part of UNESCO Pakistan Project and the Success Story in the Philippines 25
27 Conclusions GSMaP is one of JAXA s standard products for GPM Mission jointly led by NASA and JAXA. GSMaP can be a useful tool for disaster management. Japan has been contributing to disaster management by applying GSMaP: - refence information for Sentinel Asia emergency observation -flood management project (for UNESCO Pakistan project) -landslides monitoring project (Sentinel Asia Success Story in the Philippines) In the context of global agenda (SDGs, Sendai Framework), such activities are good examples. GSMaP is expected to be further operationally used. 26
28 Thank you for your attention! 27
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