Green ICT. T Network Services Business Models Prof. Jukka K. Nurminen

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1 Green ICT T Network Services Business Models Prof. Jukka K. Nurminen

2 Different Perspectives on ICT & Energy ICT as way to save energy ICT as a key component in energy systems

3 Different Perspectives on ICT & Energy Charging as an issue of convenience Energy spending of ICT Green ICT

4 ICT as a way to save energy

5 ICT as a way to save energy Providing same (or similar) service in alternative ways Effect to energy consumption is complicated and hard to quantify Is the user experience really the same? Worse? Or better?

6 Enabling impact from Mobile industry Sakari Luukkainen Source: Mobiles green manifesto 2012

7 Smart transportation and logistics Transport-related emissions are 14% of global emissions and estimated to have 42% growth from 2002 to 2020 Wireless tracking devices fitted to vehicles Logistic operations running more efficiently Smart traffic, travel as a service Sakari Luukkainen Source: Mobiles green manifesto 2012

8 Smart transportation and logistics Case study Smart logistics in Groningen, Netherlands ICT device attached to waste bins to detect how full the bins are When bins are full they are included in collection round M2M connection Central server collects data Savings almost 20t CO2 per year and in capital and operational cost Sakari Luukkainen Source: Mobiles green manifesto 2012

9 Smart buildings Building-related emissions are 21% of global emissions and estimated to have 41% growth from 2002 to 2020 Optimisation of building technologies Building management systems Heating Ventilation Air-conditioning systems Lighting Influencing behavior Show where energy is consumed Social network (tips, challenges, gamification, etc.) Our CIVIS project Sakari Luukkainen Source: Mobiles green manifesto 2012

10 Smart buildings-case study AlertMe.com Home energy management technology, UK Online energy service Showing to customers where energy is being consumed in home Suggesting changes which provide savings Automating energy saving Sakari Luukkainen Source: Mobiles green manifesto 2009

11 Dematerialisation 22 Mt CO2e in 2020 can be saved with dematerialisation Virtual alternatives Smart working, facilitating remote Reduces travel Cuts in infrastructure Green mobile apps Promoting carbon economy Green ICT Hackathon and Green ICT Application Challenge Sakari Luukkainen Source: Mobiles green manifesto 2012

12 Dematerialisation-case study Dematerialisation services from mobile broadband network, Telstra, Australia Telstra s mobile broadband networks covers 99% of the Australian population Numerous application in the dematerialisation space: E-health Online media Teleworking Sakari Luukkainen Source: Mobiles green manifesto 2009

13 ICT as a key enabler in energy systems

Grid Management SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Distributed measurements Communication of the measurement values Decision making and

14 Grid Management SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Distributed measurements Communication of the measurement values Decision making and optimization Communicating the actions Aspects Latency Things can change very fast Reliability Wrong control may bring down the whole grid Security Cyber war, criminals

Smart Meters In Finland 2 M smart meters Smart meters are not very smart They can collect real time electricity consumption data Consumer typically sees hourly energy

15 Smart Meters In Finland 2 M smart meters Smart meters are not very smart They can collect real time electricity consumption data Consumer typically sees hourly energy spending, electricity company can see more detail The can communicate (cellular, wired) New forms of billing New ways for energy companies to manage and optimize their grid

16 Big Data? Almost every household in Finland 2M data sources A lot of data? One reading: 100 bytes One reading in half an hour 100 * 48 * 365 * 2 M 3.5 TB 1TB hard disk price < 100 EUR A lot of communication? YouTube videos (5 min) Latency and number of connections to millions of devices are harder

17 Potential for innovation: What new services can you do with smart meter data?

18 Data analysis of smart meter data Did grandma make her morning coffee in the usual time? The house is empty. A good time to break in! NIAML - Non Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring Different devices have different fingerprints With data analysis it is possible to detect which devices have been used Which device was responsible for your electricity bill?

20 Energy spending of ICT Green ICT

23 Terminals

24 Yearly consumption, cost, and CO2 emission per subscriber No-load biggest consumer Little monetary incentive for individual = 39 h of 60W light bulb But the cumulative effect is huge (number of mobile subscriptions exceeds number of people) = 8 km of driving a car Heikkinen & Nurminen, WNCN 2012 Jukka K. Nurminen

25 Energy consumption of devices Little monetary incentive for individual But the cumulative effect is huge number of mobile subscriptions exceeds number of people Energy spending of the device is mainly a matter of convenience Less charging This is a very pressing competitive criterion for phone, pad, laptop and also IoT manufacturers

26 DataCenter

32 Network

Cellular connectivity: Where is the Energy Used?

dominant energy requirement at base stations For user devices, most of the energy used is

3kg CO2 Operation Embodied energy 2.6kg CO2 8.

35 Cellular connectivity: Where is the Energy Used? For the operator, 57% of electricity use is in radio access Operating electricity is the dominant energy requirement at base stations For user devices, most of the energy used is due to manufacturing CO2 emissions per subscriber per year 3 9kg CO2 4.3kg CO2 Operation Embodied energy 2.6kg CO2 8.1kg CO2 MTX 20% Base station Mobile Data Centre 6% Core 15% Retail 2% RBS 57% 3. Tomas Edler, Green Base Stations How to Minimize CO2 Emission in Operator Networks, Ericsson, Bath Base Station Conference 2008

36 Target: Power Proportionality Power consumption should vary with the load ADSL box: Power (%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Utilization (%) ideal real

37 Base station energy consumtion Role Transmission power and MIMO/SIMO

39 Summary ICT as way to save energy ICT as a key enabler in energy systems Electricity grids would not work without ICT Lot of data => Lot of space for new innovation Energy spending of ICT ( Green ICT ) Convenience vs cost vs environmental impact Who is guilty? Terminal devices (PCs, etc) 57% Telecom 25% Data center 18% Power proportionality

40 Thank You! Questions?

The Future of the Internet Perspectives emerging from R&D

The Future of the Internet Perspectives emerging from R&D Ulf Wahlberg Vice President Industry and Research Relations December 1, 2009 Five technological revolutions in 240 years IT & telecommunication