Data Representation and Architecture Modeling Year 1 Exam preparation

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Lesley Cameron
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1 1 BINARY SYSTEM Data Representation and Architecture Modeling Year 1 Exam preparation 1 Binary system you need to be able to understand and convert numbers between the following different notations: decimal numbers (base 10) unsigned notation (base 2) signed notation excess notation two s complement notation floating point single precision format. hexadecimal (base 16) You also need to be able to explain the advantages and disadvantages of each notation and why two s complement is the mostly used notation by ALU. Here are some exercises: 1. Given the following 8 bit unsigned binary integer, (a) Give the corresponding hexadecimal and decimal values. (b) What would the decimal value be if the above number was represented as an 8 bit signed (twos complement) integer instead? (c) Find the range of integers represented in a n-bit twos complement notation. 2. (a) Represent the negative integer -25 in bits twos complement notation. (b) Represent the decimal number -25 in a 32-bit two s complement (hint use the sign extension rule). (c) state advantages and disadvantages of signed, excess and two s complement notation. 1

2 1 BINARY SYSTEM 3. Assume we are using the 32-bit IEEE single precision floating point format. The mantissa has 24 bits including the hidden bit. There is one sign bit and there are eight exponent bits. (a) Convert the following single precision floating point to its equivalent decimal number Show all your working. Full mark is given to if you show all the stages to get to the final value represented. (b) you need to understand and be able to define positive and negative overflow and underflow in this representation. 2

3 2 DATA STORAGE 2 Data Storage You should be able to explain the difference between the following memories: cpu registers, cache memory, main memory, magnetic memory, optical memory and magnetic tape. You need to understand how data is stored, read and written into these different type of memories. You also need to understand the need to the cache memory and how does it enhances computer performance. You need to understand how temporal and spatial locality principles are used to enhance computers performance. You need to understand the difference between direct mapped and associative mapped caches. Last exam papers are a good practice. Here here some questions: 1. if we have a decoder with n address lines what is the maximum number of addressable memory cells? Answer the same question if multiplexed addresses are used. 2. What is the need of the cache memory? 3. what is temporal and spatial locality principles? 4. how does the cache memory helps the CPU run faster? 3

4 3 CPU 3 CPU You need to understand the components of of the CPU, the role and the cpu registers we talked about in the class, (PC, IR, AC,MBR,MAR). You should be able to explain the three main components of the system bus (Address bus, Data bus, Control bus). You need to understand how the CPU executes instructions (fetchexecute-cycles) You need to understand the concept of pipelining, its advantages and disadvantages. The relation between the number of stages and the speed up of the pipeline. Here are are some exercises: 1. Assume we have a processor with five pipeline stages (IF, ID, EX, MEM, WB). The stages take the following amounts of time: IF=20ns, ID=10ns, EX=20ns, MEM=45ns and WB=10ns. (a) For your processor to function properly, what it the minimum clock period? (b) What do you think we should redesign to improve the performance of this processor? (c) do you think if we redesigned this processor with 100 pipeline stages. Do you think the performance will be 20 times faster than the previous design with 5 pipeline? 4

5 4 OPERATING SYSTEM 4 Operating System You need to understand the main functions of an operating system, user interface, memory management, I/O device manager, file manager, network manager. You should be able to explain how the operating system manages the memory. you need to know the difference between these memory management technics: swapping, simple paging and demand paging. You need to understand how Operating systems manages I/O devices. You need to know the difference between these I/O device management technics: polling (programmed I/O), interrupt-driven I/O, and DMA (Direct memory access). You need to know the difference between I/O bound processes and cpu bound processes. you need to understand why I/O bound processes are favored over cpu-bound processes. You need to know the difference between long term queue, short term and medium term queues and schedulers. be able to to give a some examples of scheduling algorithms and explain how do they work. Past exam papers are a very good practice for this part. 5

6 5 HTML, XHTML, XML, CSS 5 HTML, XHTML, XML, CSS In this chapter: You should be able to define and explain the difference between the following web languages: HTML, XHTML, DHTML, XML. You should be able to explain the problems of coding web pages with html. You should be able to explain the reasons why coding web pages in XHTML is advisable. You need to know the steps to take convert a document written in HTML into XHTML. You should be able what is CSS and its advantages. You should be able to give examples of some CSS elements, selectors, classes, and IDs. You need to know to difference between a selectors, classes and IDs. 6

7 6 COMPUTER NETWORKS 6 Computer networks In this chapter you need to know and be able to explain the TCP/IP model to explain the role of each layer three-way handshake connection-oriented and connection-less control flow and window size error control and acknowledgements. to extract the class, network address and the host address from the IP address. to extract the default mask of of each network class to explain what is subnetting and why it is needed. Also, given an ip address and the subnet mask, you need to be able to extract, the subnet address, the host address, the maximum number of hosts in this subnet (the range of addresses) and the broadcast address. here is a practice exercise: 1. Explain the concept of 3 way hand-shake. 2. Explain the difference between connection oriented and connection-less protocols. 3. Explain difference between TCP and UDP protocols. 4. How are error control and flow control achieved in TCP/IP models? 5. Given a host configuration with an IP address and a subnet mask (a) What is the network class this ip address belongs to? (b) What is the subnet address? (c) What is the host address? (d) What is the maximum number of hosts this this subnet can have? (e) What is the broadcast address of this subnet? L.Ouarbya

Introduction to Computer Science-103. Midterm

Introduction to Computer Science-103 Midterm 1. Convert the following hexadecimal and octal numbers to decimal without using a calculator, showing your work. (6%) a. (ABC.D) 16 2748.8125 b. (411) 8 265