Java Software Solutions Foundations of Program Design

Transcription

1 GLOBAL EDITION Java Software Solutions Foundations of Program Design EIGHTH EDITION John Lewis William Loftus

2 Editorial Director: Editor-in-Chief: Editorial Assistant: Vice President, Marketing: Marketing Manager: Marketing Coordinator: Vice President, Production: Managing Editor: Production Project Manager: Head, Learning Asset Acquisition, Global Edition: Acquisitions Editor, Global Edition: Project Editor, Global Edition: Senior Operations Supervisor: Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England Marcia Horton Michael Hirsch Stephanie Sellinger Patrice Jones Yezan Alayan Kathryn Ferranti Vince O Brien Jeff Holcomb Marilyn Lloyd Laura Dent Karthik Subramaniun Anuprova Dey Chowdhuri. Alan Fischer Manufacturing Buyer: Lisa McDowell Art Director: Linda Knowles Cover Designer: Shree Mohanambal Inbakumar/Lumina Datamatics, Inc. Image Permission Coordinator: Rita Wenning Cover Photograph: Eugene Sergeev/Shutterstock Media Editor: Daniel Sandin Media Project Manager: Wanda Rockwell Full-Service Project Management: H arleen Chopra, Cenveo Publisher Services Composition: C enveo Publisher Services Printer/Binder: Courier Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier Kendallville Text Font: Sabon LT Std and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: Pearson Education Limited 2015 The rights of John Lewis and William Loftus to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Java Software Solutions: Foundations Of Program Design, 8th edition, ISBN , by John Lewis and William Loftus, published by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedin any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, withouteither the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, LondonEC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.the use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear below, or on appropriate page within text. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset in 8 Sabon LT Std by Cenveo Publishing Services Printed and bound by Courier Kendallville The publisher s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests DOC ISBN 10: ISBN 13: (Print) ISBN 13: (PDF)

3 Java Software Solutions, Global Edition Table of Contents Cover Dedication Preface Contents Credits Chapter 1 : Introduction 1.1 Computer Processing Software Categories Digital Computers Binary Numbers 1.2 Hardware Components Computer Architecture Input/Output Devices Main Memory and Secondary Memory The Central Processing Unit 1.3 Networks Network Connections Local-Area Networks and Wide-Area Networks The Internet The World Wide Web Uniform Resource Locators 1.4 The Java Programming Language A Java Program Comments Identifiers and Reserved Words White Space 1.5 Program Development Programming Language Levels Editors, Compilers, and Interpreters Development Environments Syntax and Semantics Errors 1.6 Object-Oriented Programming Problem Solving Object-Oriented Software Principles

4 Chapter 2 : Data and Expressions 2.1 Character Strings Table of Contents The print and println Methods String Concatenation Escape Sequences 2.2 Variables and Assignment Variables The Assignment Statement Constants 2.3 Primitive Data Types Integers and Floating Points Characters Booleans 2.4 Expressions Arithmetic Operators Operator Precedence Increment and Decrement Operators Assignment Operators 2.5 Data Conversion Conversion Techniques 2.6 Interactive Programs The Scanner Class 2.7 Graphics Coordinate Systems Representing Color 2.8 Applets Executing Applets Using the Web 2.9 Drawing Shapes The Graphics Class Software Failure : NASA Mars Climate Orbiter and Polar Lander What Happened? What Caused It? Lessons Learned Chapter 3 : Using Classes and Objects 3.1 Creating Objects Aliases 3.2 The String Class

5 3.3 Packages The import Declaration 3.4 The Random Class 3.5 The Math Class 3.6 Formatting Output The NumberFormat Class The DecimalFormat Class The printf Method 3.7 Enumerated Types 3.8 Wrapper Classes Autoboxing 3.9 Components and Containers Frames and Panels 3.10 Nested Panels 3.11 Images Chapter 4 : Writing Classes 4.1 Classes and Objects Revisited 4.2 Anatomy of a Class Instance Data UMl Class Diagrams 4.3 Encapsulation Visibility Modifiers Accessors and Mutators 4.4 Anatomy of a Method The return Statement Parameters Local Data Bank Account Example 4.5 Constructors Revisited 4.6 Graphical Objects 4.7 Graphical User Interfaces 4.8 Buttons 4.9 Text Fields Table of Contents

6 Software Failure : Denver Airport Baggage Handling System What Happened? What Caused It? Lessons Learned Chapter 5 : Conditionals and Loops 5.1 Boolean Expressions Equality and Relational Operators Logical Operators 5.2 The if Statement The if-else Statement Using Block Statements Nested if Statements 5.3 Comparing Data Comparing Floats Comparing Characters Comparing Objects 5.4 The while Statement Infinite Loops Nested Loops The break and Continue Statements 5.5 Iterators Reading Text Files 5.6 The ArrayList Class 5.7 Determining Event Sources 5.8 Check Boxes and Radio Buttons Check Boxes Radio Buttons Software Failure : Therac-25 What Happened? What Caused It? Lessons Learned Chapter 6 : More Conditionals and Loops 6.1 The switch Statement 6.2 The Conditional Operator 6.3 The do Statement 6.4 The for Statement

7 The for-each Loop Comparing Loops 6.5 Drawing with Loops and Conditionals 6.6 Dialog Boxes Chapter 7 : Object-Oriented Design 7.1 Software Development Activities 7.2 Identifying Classes and Objects Assigning Responsibilities 7.3 Static Class Members Static Variables Static Methods 7.4 Class Relationships Dependency Dependencies Among Objects of the Same Class Aggregation The this Reference 7.5 Interfaces The Comparable Interface The Iterator Interface 7.6 Enumerated Types Revisited 7.7 Method Design Method Decomposition Method Parameters Revisited 7.8 Method Overloading 7.9 Testing Reviews Defect Testing 7.10 GUI Design 7.11 Layout Managers Flow Layout Border Layout Grid Layout Box Layout 7.12 Borders 7.13 Containment Hierarchies

8 Software Failure : 2003 Northeast Blackout What Happened? What Caused It? Lessons Learned Chapter 8 : Arrays 8.1 Array Elements 8.2 Declaring and Using Arrays Bounds Checking Alternate Array Syntax Initializer Lists Arrays as Parameters 8.3 Arrays of Objects 8.4 Command-Line Arguments 8.5 Variable Length Parameter Lists 8.6 Two-Dimensional Arrays Multidimensional Arrays 8.7 Polygons and Polylines The Polygon Class 8.8 Mouse Events 8.9 Key Events Software Failure : LA Air Traffic Control What Happened? What Caused It? Lessons Learned Chapter 9 : Inheritance 9.1 Creating Subclasses The protected Modifier The super Reference Multiple Inheritance 9.2 Overriding Methods Shadowing Variables 9.3 Class Hierarchies The Object Class Abstract Classes Interface Hierarchies 9.4 Visibility

9 9.5 Designing for Inheritance Restricting Inheritance 9.6 The Component Class Hierarchy 9.7 Extending Adapter Classes 9.8 The Timer Class Software Failure : Ariane 5 Flight 501 What Happened? What Caused It? Lessons Learned Chapter 10 : Polymorphism 10.1 Late Binding 10.2 Polymorphism via Inheritance 10.3 Polymorphism via Interfaces 10.4 Sorting Selection Sort Insertion Sort Comparing Sorts 10.5 Searching Linear Search Binary Search Comparing Searches 10.6 Designing for Polymorphism 10.7 Event Processing 10.8 File Choosers 10.9 Color Choosers Sliders Chapter 11 : Exceptions 11.1 Exception Handling 11.2 Uncaught Exceptions 11.3 The try-catch Statement The finally Clause 11.4 Exception Propagation 11.5 The Exception Class Hierarchy Table of Contents

10 Checked and Unchecked Exceptions 11.6 I/O Exceptions 11.7 Tool Tips and Mnemonics 11.8 Combo Boxes 11.9 Scroll Panes Split Panes Chapter 12 : Recursion 12.1 Recursive Thinking Infinite Recursion Recursion in Math 12.2 Recursive Programming Recursion vs. Iteration Direct vs. Indirect Recursion 12.3 Using Recursion Traversing a Maze The Towers of Hanoi 12.4 Recursion in Graphics Tiled Pictures Fractals Chapter 13 : Collections 13.1 Collections and Data Structures Separating Interface from Implementation 13.2 Dynamic Representations Dynamic Structures A Dynamically Linked List Other Dynamic List Representations 13.3 Linear Data Structures Queues Stacks 13.4 Non-Linear Data Structures Trees Graphs 13.5 The Java Collections API

11 Generics Appendix Appendix A : Glossary Appendix B : Number Systems Place Value Bases Higher Than 10 Conversions Shortcut Conversions Appendix C : The Unicode Character Set Appendix D : Java Operators Java Bitwise Operators Appendix E : Java Modifiers Java Visibility Modifiers A Visibility Example Other Java Modifiers Appendix F : Java Coding Guidelines Design Guidelines Style Guidelines Documentation Guidelines Appendix G : Java Applets Appendix H : Regular Expressions Appendix I : Javadoc Documentation Generator Doc Comments Tags Files Generated Appendix J : The PaintBox Project PaintBox Requirements PaintBox Architectural Design PaintBox Refinements PaintBox Refinement #1 PaintBox Refinement #2 Remaining PaintBox Refinements Appendix K : GUI Events Appendix L : Java Syntax Appendix M : The Java Class Library Appendix N : Answers to Self-Review Questions Chapter 1 : Introduction

12 1.1 Computer Processing 1.2 Hardware Components 1.3 Networks 1.4 The Java Programming Language 1.5 Program Development 1.6 Object-Oriented Programming Chapter 2 : Data and Expressions 2.1 Character Strings 2.2 Variables and Assignment 2.3 Primitive Data Types 2.4 Expressions 2.5 Data Conversion 2.6 Interactive Programs 2.7 Graphics 2.8 Applets 2.9 Drawing Shapes Chapter 3 : Using Classes and Objects 3.1 Creating Objects 3.2 The String Class 3.3 Packages 3.4 The Random Class 3.5 The Math Class 3.6 Formatting Output 3.7 Enumerated Types 3.8 Wrapper Classes 3.9 Components and Containers 3.10 Nested Panels 3.11 Images Chapter 4 : Writing Classes 4.1 Classes and Objects Revisited 4.2 Anatomy of a Class 4.3 Encapsulation 4.4 Anatomy of a Method 4.5 Constructors Revisited 4.6 Graphical Objects 4.7 Graphical User Interfaces 4.8 Buttons 4.9 Text Fields Chapter 5 : Conditionals and Loops 5.1 Boolean Expressions 5.2 The if Statement 5.3 Comparing Data 5.4 The while Statement 5.5 Iterators 5.6 The ArrayList Class Chapter 6 : More Conditionals and Loops 6.1 The switch Statement

13 6.2 The Conditional Operator 6.3 The do Statement 6.4 The for Statement Chapter 7 : Object-Oriented Design 7.1 Software Development Activities 7.2 Identifying Classes and Objects 7.3 Static Class Members 7.4 Class Relationships 7.5 Interfaces 7.6 Enumerated Types Revisited 7.7 Method Design 7.8 Method Overloading 7.9 Testing 7.10 GUI Design 7.11 Layout Managers 7.12 Borders 7.13 Containment Hierarchies Chapter 8 : Arrays 8.1 Array Elements 8.2 Declaring and Using Arrays 8.3 Arrays of Objects 8.4 Command-Line Arguments 8.5 Variable Length Parameter Lists 8.6 Two-Dimensional Arrays 8.7 Polygons and Polylines 8.8 Mouse Events 8.9 Key Events Chapter 9 : Inheritance 9.1 Creating Subclasses 9.2 Overriding Methods 9.3 Class Hierarchies 9.4 Visibility 9.5 Designing for Inheritance 9.6 The Component Class Hierarchy 9.7 Extending Adapter Classes 9.8 The Timer Class Chapter 10 : Polymorphism 10.1 Late Binding 10.2 Polymorphism via Inheritance 10.3 Polymorphism via Interfaces 10.4 Sorting 10.5 Searching 10.6 Designing for Polymorphism Chapter 11 : Exceptions 11.1 Exception Handling 11.2 Uncaught Exceptions 11.3 The try-catch Statement

14 Index 11.4 Exception Propagation 11.5 The Exception Class Hierarchy 11.6 I/O Exceptions 11.7 Tool Tips and Mnemonics 11.8 Combo Boxes 11.9 Scroll Panes Split Panes Chapter 12 : Recursion 12.1 Recursive Thinking 12.2 Recursive Programming 12.3 Using Recursion 12.4 Recursion in Graphics Chapter 13 : Collections 13.1 Collections and Data Structures 13.2 Dynamic Representations 13.3 Linear Data Structures 13.4 Non-Linear Data Structures 13.5 The Java Collections API