RISC Pipeline. Kevin Walsh CS 3410, Spring 2010 Computer Science Cornell University. See: P&H Chapter 4.6

Transcription

1 RISC Pipeline Kevin Walsh CS 3410, Spring 2010 Computer Science Cornell University See: P&H Chapter 4.6

2 A Processor memory inst register file alu PC new pc offset target imm control extend =? cmp addr d in d out memory 2

3 A Processor memory inst register file alu PC +4 p control addr d in d out memory new pc imm extend compute jump/branch targets Instruction Fetch Instruction Decode Execute Memory Write- Back 3

4 Five stage RISC load-store architecture 1. Instruction fetch (IF) get instruction from memory, increment PC 2. Instruction Decode (ID) translate opcode into control signals and read registers 3. Execute (EX) perform ALU operation, compute jump/branch targets 4. Memory (MEM) access memory if needed 5. Writeback (WB) update register file Basic Pipeline Slides thanks to Sally McKee & Kavita Bala 4

5 Break instructions across multiple clock cycles (five, in this case) Pipelined Implementation Design a separate stage for the execution performed during each clock cycle Add pipeline registers to isolate signals between different stages 5

6 ctrl ctrl ctrl inst imm B A B D M D Pipelined Processor memory register file alu +4 addr PC new pc control extend compute jump/branch targets d in d out memory Instruction Fetch Instruction Decode Execute Memory Write- Back IF/ID ID/EX EX/MEM MEM/WB 6

7 IF Stage 1: Instruction Fetch Fetch a new instruction every cycle Current PC is index to instruction memory Increment the PC at end of cycle (assume no branches for now) Write values of interest to pipeline register (IF/ID) Instruction bits (for later decoding) PC+4 (for later computing branch targets) 7

8 PC+4 inst Rest of pipeline IF instruction memory addr mc 1 WE = read word 1 PC new pc pcsel pcreg pcrelpcabs IF/ID 8

9 Stage 2: Instruction Decode ID On every cycle: Read IF/ID pipeline register to get instruction bits Decode instruction, generate control signals Read from register file Write values of interest to pipeline register (ID/EX) Control information, Rd index, immediates, offsets, Contents of Ra, Rb PC+4 (for computing branch targets later) 9

10 ctrl Stage 1: Instruction Fetch PC+4 PC+4 imm inst Rest of pipeline B A result ID WE Rd D register file A B Ra Rb dest decode extend IF/ID ID/EX 10

11 Stage 3: Execute EX On every cycle: Read ID/EX pipeline register to get values and control bits Perform ALU operation Compute targets (PC+4+offset, etc.) in case this is a branch Decide if jump/branch should be taken Write values of interest to pipeline register (EX/MEM) Control information, Rd index, Result of ALU operation Value in case this is a memory store instruction 11

12 ctrl ctrl Stage 2: Instruction Decode PC+4 imm B A B D Rest of pipeline pcsel pcreg branch? EX alu pcrel + pcabs ID/EX EX/MEM 12

13 Stage 4: Memory MEM On every cycle: Read EX/MEM pipeline register to get values and control bits Perform memory load/store if needed address is ALU result Write values of interest to pipeline register (MEM/WB) Control information, Rd index, Result of memory operation Pass result of ALU operation 13

14 ctrl ctrl Stage 3: Execute B D M D Rest of pipeline MEM addr d in d out memory mc EX/MEM MEM/WB 14

15 Stage 5: Write-back WB On every cycle: Read MEM/WB pipeline register to get values and control bits Select value and write to register file 15

16 ctrl Stage 4: Memory M D WB result dest MEM/WB 16

17 PC+4 inst OP Rd PC+4 imm B A OP Rd OP Rd B D M D inst mem Rd D A B Ra Rb addr +4 d in d out mem PC IF/ID ID/EX EX/MEM MEM/WB 17

18 add r3, r1, r2; nand r6, r4, r5; lw r4, 20(r2); add r5, r2, r5; sw r7, 12(r3); Example 18

19 PC+4 inst OP Rd PC+4 imm B A OP Rd OP Rd B D M D nand lw add swr4, r7, r3, r5, r6, 20(r2) 12(r3) r1, r2, r4, r5 r5 nand lw add swr4, r7, r3, r5, r6, 20(r2) 12(r3) r1, r2, r4, r5 r5 nand lw add swr4, r7, r3, r5, r6, 20(r2) 12(r3) r1, r2, r4, r5 r5 nand lw add swr4, r7, r3, r5, r6, 20(r2) 12(r3) r1, r2, r4, r5 r5 nand lw add swr4, r7, r3, r5, r6, 20(r2) 12(r3) r1, r2, r4, r5 0:add 1:nand 2:lw inst 3:add mem 4:sw r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 Rd D A B Ra Rb addr +4 d in d out mem PC IF/ID ID/EX EX/MEM MEM/WB 19

20 Clock cycle Time Graphs add nand lw add sw IF ID EX MEM WB IF ID EX MEM WB IF ID EX MEM WB IF ID EX MEM WB IF ID EX MEM WB Latency: Throughput: Concurrency: CPI = 20

21 Powerful technique for masking latencies Logically, instructions execute one at a time Physically, instructions execute in parallel Instruction level parallelism Pipelining Recap Abstraction promotes decoupling Interface (ISA) vs. implementation (Pipeline) 21