TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER1 INTRODUCING WINDOWS++ 1

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE xv CHAPTER1 INTRODUCING WINDOWS The Problem: How to Reuse Code? A Solution: Windows WhyC++? Design Goals Hello, Windows++ 8 CHAPTER2 POINTS, RECTANGLES, AND A QUICK TOUR OF C Points Member Functions Inline Functions Function Overloading new and delete Constructors The Destructor Operator Overloading V

2 WINDOWS References Overloading = Rectangles Classes and Objects Encapsulation Derived Classes and Inheritance Class Hierarchies Inheritance vs. Membership Summary 39 CHAPTER3 INFRASTRUCTURE HELLO: The C Version HELL01: Windows++ Basics Files, Files, Files The Base Window Class: WPWin Creating the Window A Few Words on assert Filling in createargs: The WPWin Constructor Brainless Coding: Filling Out the WPWin Class HELL Compiling HELL HELL02: The Application Class The Module Class: WPModule The Application Object: App Encapsulating the Message Loop Accelerators Hiding WinMain The Main Window: WPMainWin Automatic Menüs and Icons HELL Making Windows++ a Library HELL03: The Window Procedure Events 82

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii Handling Events: msgproc Linking the Window Unlinking the Window Virtual Function Magic The Window Procedure Destroying the Window Differentiating Between Stack and Memory Objects HELL The Final HELLO: "Virtualizing" Window Messages The 14-Page Switch Statement Message = Virtual Function How Many Functions? Implementing the Virtual Message Functions A Brief Digression: PeekMessage and doldle Drawing on the Screen: A Peek at GDI HELLO: The Final Version Looking Back 119 CHAPTER4 MEMORY MANAGEMENT Preliminaries Windows Modes Memory Models A Review of Windows Memory Management Windows++ Memory Management The First Cut Handling the Out-of-Memory Condition The LDT Problem Fixing the LDT Problem: MemHeap The Local Heap Using the Heaps Overloading new and delete Force-Allocating Global Memory 144

4 viii WINDOWS Fixing GetWin Returning Memory to Windows Reporting on Memory Usage MEMTEST Summary 153 CHAPTER5 GLOBAL OBJECTS AND TOE The MKC Program The Mouse The Keyboard The Cursor The WAIT Cursor Encapsulating What's Generic in MKC Other Global Objects The Caret WIN.INI The Clipboard TOE Child Windows TOE Squares ToeBoard A Trick with Constructors and Destructors Keyboard Events Handling Child Messages Summary 182 CHAPTER6 USER INTERFACE The Windows GUI CUA: GUI Guidelines Galore Specification of WINEDIT Brainstorming WINEDIT 187

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Abstract Windows Apps Menü Basics WPMenu Menü Messages Implementing WINEDIT The Main Window Adding File Names to WPMainWin The File Commands File Open and Save: Enhancing WPMultiEdit File Print The Edit Commands Menü Graying The Prompt Line Resource Coding Made Simple OSmall is Beautiful Modeling MDI Three New Window Classes WPMDIClient WPMDIFrame WPMDIChild Modifying the Main Message Loop MDI Resource Macros MEDIT Summary 230 CHAPTER7 DIALOGS The Problem with Dialogs The Resource Template The Dialog Procedure WishfuI Thinking: Object-Oriented Dialogs Plan of Attack Windows++ Dialog Mechanics Creating Dialogs 242

6 X WINDOWS The Dialog Procedure Linking the Dialog Dialog Initialization Ending the Dialog Summary Controls Control Basics A Typical Control: WPEdit List Boxes Other Built-in Controls Specialized Controls Object-Oriented Dialogs Linking Control Objects Updating Controls Linking the Whole Dialog Creating the Controls Some Useful Macros Putting It All Together: DIgEditPerson Reusable Dialogs About String Input File Dialogs The Print Dialog Modeless Dialogs Summary 316 CHAPTER8 GRAPHICS Two Areas of Improvement Problems with GDI Object-Oriented Graphics Repackaging GDI A Device Context for Every Occasion Creating and Destroying Device Contexts 323

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS xi Device Names Brainless GDI functions Pens, Brushes, and All That Rot RANDRECT Bitmaps, Memory Device Contexts, and MANDEL Object-Oriented Graphics DRAW The GPP Library Shapes Bounds Clipping Shape Lists Hit Detection Hilite Shapes Implementing DRAW The Main Window Creating Shapes Selection and Dragging Printing Miscellaneous Details Evaluating DRAW: Issues for a Real System Printing WPPrinter Escape Functions The Abort Dialog Line Printing Summary 379 CHAPTER9 DLL-ING WINDOWS What's a DLL? DLL Basics Exporting DLL Functions LibMain and WEP 385

8 xii WINDOWS Choosing a Memory Model Compiling ERRBOX Classes Classes in the DLL Classes in the Application Compiling DLL and APP DLL-ing Windows The Application Object Object Ownership An Obscure Bug Miscellaneous Details Building the DLL Summary 406 CHAPTER10 CONCLUSION 409 APPENDIX A WINDOWS++ SOURCE CODE 415 A.1 Class Library 415 MAKEFILES, etc 415 GPP 417 LIBMAIN 423 WINMAIN 423 WPAPP 425 WPBUTN 435 WPCOMBO 437 WPCTRL 438 WPDLFILE 443 WPDLG 445 WPDLPRT 449 WPDLSTR 451 WPEDIT 455

9 TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii WPGDI 456 WPGLOB 467 WPHEAP 471 WPID 473 WPLIST 474 WPMAIN 475 WPMDI 480 WPMENU 484 WPODRAW 486 WPP 488 WPPDEFS 490 WPPOINT 491 WPRECT 492 WPSBAR 495 WPSTATIC 496 WPWIN 496 A.2 Sample Programs 505 MAKEFILES 505 DRAW 506 HELLO 513 LAUNCH 514 MANDEL 516 MEDIT 522 MKC 525 PEOPLE 527 RANDRECT 534 TOE 535 WINEDIT 541 A.3 Zortech Files 543 A.4 Class Hierarchy Map 546 BIBLIOGRAPHY 547 INDEX 549

Introduction to C++/CLI 3. What C++/CLI can do for you 6 The rationale behind the new syntax Hello World in C++/CLI 13

Introduction to C++/CLI 3. What C++/CLI can do for you 6 The rationale behind the new syntax Hello World in C++/CLI 13 contents preface xv acknowledgments xvii about this book xix PART 1 THE C++/CLI LANGUAGE... 1 1 Introduction to C++/CLI 3 1.1 The role of C++/CLI 4 What C++/CLI can do for you 6 The rationale behind the