Midterm Review Exam. 1. The diagram below represents a transverse wave.

Transcription

1 Midterm Review Exam Name: 1. The diagram below represents a transverse wave. 4. The graph below represents the displacement of a particle in a medium over a period of time. The wavelength of the wave is equal to the distance between points A) A and G B) B and F C) C and E D) D and F 2. Which wave diagram has both wavelength ( ) and amplitude (A) labeled correctly? A) B) C) D) The amplitude of the wave is A) 4.0 s B) 6.0 s C) 8 cm D) 4 cm 5. When a wave travels through a medium, the wave transfers A) mass, only B) energy, only C) both mass and energy D) neither mass nor energy 6. If monochromatic light passes from water into air with an angle incidence of 35, which characteristic of the light will remain the same? A) frequency B) wavelength C) speed D) direction 7. Transverse waves are to radio waves as longitudinal waves are to A) light waves B) microwaves C) ultraviolet waves D) sound waves 3. The energy of a sound wave is most closely related to the wave's A) frequency B) amplitude C) wavelength D) speed

2 Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the diagram of a Slinky spring shown below. 8. The interval representing one wavelength is A) AB B) AC C) AD D) AE 9. The points that represent condensations are A) A and B B) A and C C) B and C D) B and D 10. The type of wave represented on the Slinky is a A) longitudinal wave B) light wave C) transverse wave D) water wave 11. The diagram below represents the wave fronts produced by a point source moving to the right in a uniform medium. Observers are located at points A and B. Compared to the wave frequency and wavelength observed at point A, the wave observed at point B has a A) higher frequency and a shorter wavelength B) higher frequency and a longer wavelength C) lower frequency and a shorter wavelength D) lower frequency and a longer wavelength

3 12. What is the period of a sound wave having a frequency of 340. hertz? A) B) C) D) 13. A physics student takes her pulse and determines that her heart beats periodically 60 times in 60 seconds. The period of her heartbeat is A) 1 Hz B) 60 Hz C) 1 s D) 60 s 14. While sitting in a boat, a fisherman observes that two complete waves pass by his position every 4 seconds. What is the period of these waves? A) 0.5 s B) 2 s C) 8 s D) 4 s 15. What is the period of a wave if 20 crests pass an observer in 4 seconds? A) 80 s B) 0.2 s C) 5 s D) 4 s 16. A boy pushes his sister on a swing. What is the frequency of oscillation of his sister on the swing if the boy counts 90. complete swings in 300. seconds? A) 0.30 Hz B) 2.0 Hz C) 1.5 Hz D) 18 Hz 17. The hertz is a unit that describes the number of A) seconds it takes to complete one cycle of a wave B) cycles of a wave completed in one second C) points that are in phase along one meter of a wave D) points that are out of phase along one meter of a wave 18. The diagram below represents a periodic wave traveling through a uniform medium. 19. A periodic wave having a frequency of 5.0 hertz and a speed of 10. meters per second has a wavelength of A) 0.50 m B) 2.0 m C) 5.0 m D) 50. m 20. A stationary police officer directs radio waves emitted by a radar gun at a vehicle moving toward the officer. Compared to the emitted radio waves, the radio waves reflected from the vehicle and received by the radar gun have a A) longer wavelength B) higher speed C) longer period D) higher frequency 21. In the diagram below, a stationary source located at point S produces sound having a constant frequency of 512 hertz. Observer A, 50. meters to the left of S, hears a frequency of 512 hertz. Observer B, 100. meters to the right of S, hears a frequency lower than 512 hertz. Which statement best describes the motion of the observers? A) Observer A is moving toward point S, and observer B is stationary. B) Observer A is moving away from point S, and observer B is stationary. C) Observer A is stationary, and observer B is moving toward point S. D) Observer A is stationary, and observer B is moving away from point S. 22. What is characteristic of both sound waves and electromagnetic waves? A) They require a medium. B) They transfer energy. C) They are mechanical waves. D) They are longitudinal waves. If the frequency of the wave is 2.0 hertz, the speed of the wave is A) 6.0 m/s B) 2.0 m/s C) 8.0 m/s D) 4.0 m/s

4 23. A television remote control is used to direct pulses of electromagnetic radiation to a receiver on a television. This communication from the remote control to the television illustrates that electromagnetic radiation A) is a longitudinal wave B) possesses energy inversely proportional to its frequency C) diffracts and accelerates in air D) transfers energy without transferring mass 24. A single vibratory disturbance moving through a medium is called A) a node B) an antinode C) a standing wave D) a pulse 25. A series of pulses generated at regular time intervals in an elastic medium will produce A) nodes B) antinodes C) a polarized wave D) a periodic wave 26. The diagram below shows a series of wave fronts approaching an opening in a barrier. Point P is located on the opposite side of the barrier. 27. The diagram below shows wave fronts spreading into the region behind a barrier. Which wave phenomenon is represented in the diagram? A) reflection B) refraction C) diffraction D) standing waves The wave fronts reach point P as a result of A) resonance B) refraction C) reflection D) diffraction

5 28. Which diagram below best represents the phenomenon of diffraction? A) B) C) D) 29. The diagram below shows straight wave fronts passing through an opening in a barrier. This wave phenomenon is called A) reflection B) refraction C) polarizaton D) diffraction 30. The diagram below shows a wave phenomenon. The pattern of waves shown behind the barriers is the result of A) reflection B) diffraction C) refraction D) absorption 31. Orange light has a frequency of hertz in a vacuum. What is the wavelength of this light? A) m B) m C) m D) m 32. What is the frequency of a light wave with a wavelength of meter traveling through space? A) Hz B) Hz C) Hz D) Hz 33. When x-ray radiation and infrared radiation are traveling in a vacuum, they have the same A) speed B) frequency C) wavelength D) energy per photon 34. In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves have the same A) speed B) phase C) frequency D) wavelength 35. Which phenomenon provides evidence that light has a wave nature? A) emission of light from an energy-level transition in a hydrogen atom B) diffraction of light passing through a narrow opening C) absorption of light by a black sheet of paper D) reflection of light from a mirror 36. Which phenomenon is best explained by the wave theory? A) reflection B) illumination C) interference D) the photoelectric effect

6 37. Diffraction of light demonstrates that light A) can be polarized B) has wave properties C) can be reflected D) is composed of tiny units of energy 38. The diagram below shows sunglasses being used to eliminate glare. 42. The diagram below represents two identical pulses approaching each other in a uniform medium. Which phenomenon of light is represented in the diagram? A) dispersion B) diffraction C) internal reflection D) polarization 39. A light wave strikes the Moon and reflects toward Earth. As the light wave travels from the Moon toward Earth, the wave carries A) energy, only B) matter, only C) both energy and matter D) neither energy nor matter 40. A gamma ray photon and a microwave photon are traveling in a vacuum. Compared to the wavelength and energy of the gamma ray photon, the microwave photon has a A) shorter wavelength and less energy B) shorter wavelength and more energy C) longer wavelength and less energy D) longer wavelength and more energy 41. The effect produced when two or more sound waves pass through the same point simultaneously is called A) interference B) diffraction C) refraction D) resonance As the pulses meet and are superposed, the maximum displacement of the medium is A) 6 cm B) 0 cm C) 3 cm D) 6 cm

7 43. The diagram below shows two waves traveling toward each other at equal speed in a uniform medium. When both waves are in the region between points A and B, they will undergo A) diffraction B) the Doppler effect C) destructive interference D) constructive interference 44. Two speakers, S1 and S2, operating in phase in the same medium produce the circular wave patterns shown in the diagram below. 45. The diagram below shows two waves traveling in the same medium. Points A, B, C, and D are located along the rest position of the medium. The waves interfere to produce a resultant wave. At which two points is constructive interference occurring? A) A and B B) A and D C) B and C D) B and D The superposition of the waves produces the greatest positive displacement of the medium from its rest position at point A) A B) B C) C D) D

8 46. The diagram below represents a periodic wave. Which two points on the wave are out of phase? A) A and C B) B and F C) C and E D) D and G 47. The diagram below represents a periodic wave. 50. The diagram below represents a standing wave. Which point on the wave is 90 out of phase with point P? A) A B) B C) C D) D 48. Two waves having the same amplitude and frequency are traveling in the same medium. Maximum destructive interference will occur when the phase difference between the waves is A) 0 B) 90 C) 180 D) The diagram below represents a standing wave in a string. The number of nodes and antinodes shown in the diagram is A) 4 nodes and 5 antinodes B) 5 nodes and 6 antinodes C) 6 nodes and 5 antinodes D) 6 nodes and 10 antinodes Maximum constructive interference occurs at the A) antinodes A, C, and E B) nodes A, C, and E C) antinodes B and D D) nodes B and D

9 51. The diagram below shows a standing wave in a string clamped at each end. 54. The diagram below shows a light ray striking a plane mirror. What is the total number of nodes and antinodes in the standing wave? A) 3 nodes and 2 antinodes B) 2 nodes and 3 antinodes C) 5 nodes and 4 antinodes D) 4 nodes and 5 antinodes 52. While playing, two children create a standing wave in a rope, as shown in the diagram below. A third child participates by jumping the rope. What is the angle of reflection? A) 30 B) 60 C) 90 D) The diagram below represents a view from above of a tank of water in which parallel wave fronts are traveling toward a barrier. What is the wavelength of this standing wave? A) 2.15 m B) 4.30 m C) 6.45 m D) 8.60 m 53. Two waves traveling in the same medium and having the same wavelength ( ) interfere to create a standing wave. What is the distance between two consecutive nodes on this standing wave? A) B) C) D) Which arrow represents the direction of travel for the wave fronts after being reflected from the barrier? A) A B) B C) C D) D

10 56. The diagram below represents a light ray reflecting from a plane mirror. The angle of reflection for the light ray is A) 25 B) 35 C) 50. D) The diagram below represents a light ray striking the boundary between air and glass. 60. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of physics. One end of a long spring is attached to a wall. A student vibrates the other end of the spring vertically, creating a wave that moves to the wall and reflects back toward the student, resulting in a standing wave in the spring, as a represented below. What is the total number of antinodes on the standing wave in the diagram? A) 6 B) 2 C) 3 D) What is the angle of incidence of the light ray shown below? What would be the angle between this light ray and its reflected ray? A) 30. B) 60. C) 120. D) A ray of monochromatic light traveling in air is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of 30., as shown in the diagram below. A) 30 B) 60 C) 90 D) The diagram below shows parallel rays of light incident on an irregular surface. The angle of reflection for the light ray is A) 15 B) 30. C) 60. D) A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of incidence equal to 35º. The angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is A) 0º B) 35º C) 55º D) 70º Which phenomenon of light is illustrated by the diagram? A) diffraction B) refraction C) regular reflection D) diffuse reflection 63. When a student looks into a plane mirror, she sees a virtual image of herself. However, when she looks into a sheet of paper, no such image forms. Which light phenomenon occurs at the surface of the paper? A) regular reflection B) diffuse reflection C) polarization D) resonance

11 64. The diagram below shows light rays in air about to strike a glass window. 68. Reducing the distance between the slits by one-half would cause the distance between the bright lines in the interference pattern to A) remain the same B) double C) halve D) quadruple 69. What is the color of the light? A) red B) orange C) green D) violet When the rays reach the boundary between the air and the glass, the light is A) totally refracted B) totally reflected C) partially reflected and partially diffracted D) partially reflected and partially refracted 65. A wave passes through an opening in a barrier. The amount of diffraction experienced by the wave depends on the size of the opening and the wave s A) amplitude B) wavelength C) velocity D) phase 66. An interference pattern is observed as light passes through two closely spaced slits. As the distance between the two slits is decreased, the distance between adjacent bright bands in the interference pattern A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same Base your answers to questions 67 through 69 on the information below. Light of wavelength meter shines through two narrow slits meter apart onto a screen 2.0 meters away from the slit. 67. Changing the color of the light used to a color with a higher frequency would cause the distance between the bright lines in the interference pattern to A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same

12 Base your answers to questions 70 through 72 on the diagram and the information below. Red light passing through a double slit is producing a stationary interference pattern on a screen as shown on the diagram. 70. If a single slit with the same width (W) as one of the double slits were used, the width of the central maximum of the interference pattern on the screen would A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same 71. If blue light were substituted for the red light source, the distance X between the bright lines of the pattern on the screen would A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same 72. If the distance L from the slits to the screen were increased, the distance X between the bright lines of the pattern on the screen would A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same

13 73. The diagram below represents shallow water waves of constant wavelength passing through two small openings, A and B, in a barrier. 76. A wave is diffracted as it passes through an opening in a barrier. The amount of diffraction that the wave undergoes depends on both the A) amplitude and frequency of the incident wave B) wavelength and speed of the incident wave C) wavelength of the incident wave and the size of the opening D) amplitude of the incident wave and the size of the opening Which statement best describes the interference at point P? A) It is constructive, and causes a longer wavelength. B) It is constructive, and causes an increase in amplitude. C) It is destructive, and causes a shorter wavelength. D) It is destructive, and causes a decrease in amplitude. 74. The diagram below represents shallow water waves of wavelength passing through two small openings, A and B, in a barrier. How much longer is the length of path AP than the length of path BP? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) Parallel wave fronts incident on an opening in a barrier are diffracted. For which combination of wavelength and size of opening will diffraction effects be greatest? A) short wavelength and narrow opening B) short wavelength and wide opening C) long wavelength and narrow opening D) long wavelength and wide opening

14 77. When a ray of light traveling in water reaches a boundary with air, part of the light ray is reflected and part is refracted. Which ray diagram best represents the paths of the reflected and refracted light rays? A) 78. A ray of light (f = Hz) traveling in air is incident at an angle of 40. on an air-crown glass interface as shown below. B) What is the angle of refraction for this light ray? A) 25 B) 37 C) 40 D) A ray of monochromatic light is incident on an air-sodium chloride boundary as shown in the diagram below. At the boundary, part of the ray is reflected back into the air and part is refracted as it enters the sodium chloride. C) D) Compared to the ray's angle of refraction in the sodium chloride, the ray's angle of reflection in the air is A) smaller B) larger C) the same

15 80. A laser beam is directed at the surface of a smooth, calm pond as represented in the diagram below. 82. A beam of monochromatic light (f = hertz) passes through parallel sections of glycerol, medium X, and medium Y as shown in the diagram below. Which organisms could be illuminated by the laser light? A) the bird and the fish B) the bird and the seaweed C) the crab and the seaweed D) the crab and the fish 81. The diagram below represents a ray of monochromatic light ( = Hz) passing from medium X (n = 1.46) into fused quartz. What could medium X and medium Y be? A) X could be flint glass and Y could be corn oil. B) X could be corn oil and Y could be flint glass. C) X could be water and Y could be glycerol. D) X could be glycerol and Y could be water. 83. A straight glass rod appears to bend when placed in a beaker of water, as shown in the diagram below. Which path will the refracted ray follow in the quartz? A) A B) B C) C D) D What is the best explanation for this phenomenon? A) The water is warmer than the air. B) Light travels faster in water than in air. C) Light is reflected at the air-water interface. D) Light is refracted as it crosses the air-water interface.

16 84. If the speed of a wave doubles as it passes from shallow water into deeper water, its wavelength will be A) unchanged B) doubled C) halved D) quadrupled 85. A change in the speed of a wave as it enters a new medium produces a change in A) frequency B) period C) wavelength D) phase 86. As a monochromatic light ray passes from air into water, two characteristics of the ray that will not change are A) wavelength and period B) frequency and period C) wavelength and speed D) frequency and speed 87. The diagram below represents wave fronts traveling from medium X into medium Y. 90. The speed of light in a piece of plastic is meters per second. What is the absolute index of refraction of this plastic? A) 1.00 B) C) 1.33 D) Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a light ray traveling from air to Lucite to medium Y and back into air. All points on any one wave front shown must be A) traveling with the same speed B) traveling in the same medium C) in phase D) superposed 88. The absolute index of refraction of medium Y is twice as great as the absolute index of refraction of medium X. As a light ray travels from medium X into medium Y, the speed of the light ray is A) halved B) doubled C) quartered D) quadrupled 89. What is the speed of light (f = Hz) in ethyl alcohol? A) m/s B) m/s C) m/s D) m/s Light travels slowest in A) air, only B) Lucite, only C) medium Y, only D) air, Lucite, and medium Y 92. A beam of monochromatic light travels through flint glass, crown glass, Lucite, and water. The speed of the light beam is slowest in A) flint glass B) crown glass C) Lucite D) water 93. A light ray traveling in air enters a second medium and its speed slows to meters per second. What is the absolute index of refraction of the second medium? A) 1.00 B) C) 1.75 D) A ray of light (f = Hz) traveling in air strikes a block of sodium chloride at an angle of incidence of 30.. What is the angle of refraction for the light ray in the sodium chloride? A) 19 B) 25 C) 40. D) 49

17 95. A ray of monochromatic light (f = hertz) in air is incident at an angle of 30. on a boundary with corn oil. What is the angle of refraction, to the nearest degree, for this light ray in the corn oil? A) 6 B) 20. C) 30. D) The total amount of electrical energy used by a 315-watt television during 30.0 minutes of operation is A) B) C) D) 97. What is the speed of light ( = Hz) in flint glass? A) m/s B) m/s C) m/s D) m/s 98. The speed of a ray of light traveling through a substance having an absolute index of refraction of 1.1 is A) m/s B) m/s C) m/s D) m/s 99. A singer demonstrated that she could shatter a crystal glass by singing a note with a wavelength of meter in air at STP. What was the natural frequency of the glass? A) 9.67 x 10-4 Hz B) 1.05 x 10 2 Hz C) 1.03 x 10 3 Hz D) 9.38 x 10 8 Hz 100. If the amplitude of a sound wave is increased, there is an increase in the sound's A) loudness B) pitch C) velocity D) wavelength 101. Sound waves are described as A) mechanical and transverse B) mechanical and longitudinal C) electromagnetic and transverse D) electromagnetic and longitudinal 102. At an outdoor physics demonstration, a delay of 0.50 seconds was observed between the time sound waves left a loudspeaker and the time these sound waves reached a student through the air. If the air is at STP, how far was the student from the speaker? A) m B) m C) m D) m 103. A 512-hertz sound wave travels 100. meters to an observer through air at STP. What is the wavelength of this sound wave? A) m B) m C) 1.55 m D) 5.12 m 104. A person observes a fireworks display from a safe distance of kilometer. Assuming that sound travels at 340. meters per second in air, what is the time between the person seeing and hearing the fireworks explosion? A) s B) 2.21 s C) 410. s D) s 105. Glass may shatter when exposed to sound of a particular frequency. This phenomenon is an example of A) refraction B) diffraction C) resonance D) the Doppler effect 106. When air is blown across the top of an open water bottle, air molecules in the bottle vibrate at a particular frequency and sound is produced. This phenomenon is called A) diffraction B) refraction C) resonance D) the Doppler effect 107. One vibrating 256-hertz tuning fork transfers energy to another 256-hertz tuning fork, causing the second tuning fork to vibrate. This phenomenon is an example of A) diffraction B) reflection C) refraction D) resonance 108. Ultrasound is a medical technique that transmits sound waves through soft tissue in the human body. Ultrasound waves can break kidney stones into tiny fragments, making it easier for them to be excreted without pain. The shattering of kidney stones with specific frequencies of sound waves is an application of which wave phenomenon? A) the Doppler effect B) reflection C) refraction D) resonance 109. Sound waves strike a glass and cause it to shatter. This phenomenon illustrates A) resonance B) refraction C) reflection D) diffraction

18 110. What is the wavelength of a sound produced by a tuning fork resonating with a 16 centimeter air tube that is open at both ends? A) 128 cm B) 64 cm C) 32 cm D) 24 cm 111. A tuning fork resonates over an air tube 20 centimeters long that is closed at one end. The wavelength of the sound produced by the tuning fork is A) 5 cm B) 20 cm C) 40 cm D) 80 cm 112. A closed pipe 2 meters long will produce a sound wave having a wavelength of A) 1 m B) 2 m C) 8 m D) 4 m 113. Compared to the length of a closed air column, the wavelength of the sound which produces resonance is A) one-half as great B) twice as great C) one-fourth as great D) four times as great 114. A 2-meter tube closed at one end will produce a sound wave whose wavelength is A) 8 m B) 2 m C) 0.5 m D) 4 m 115. The length of a vibrating air column is shortened. The sound wave produced by the shortened air column will have an increase in A) frequency B) wavelength C) amplitude D) speed 116. A student blows air across the end of a pipe that is open at both ends. If the wavelength of the note produced was 1.4 meters, what was the length of the pipe? A) 2.8 m B) 14 m C) 0.70 m D) 0.35 m 117. Base your answer to the following question on on the diagram and information below. When a vibrating tuning fork is placed over an air column 16 centimeters long and closed on one end, the sound becomes louder. The wavelength of the sound produced is A) 64 cm B) 32 cm C) 16 cm D) 4.0 cm

19 Answer Key Midterm Exam Review MC only 1. B 37. B 73. D 109. A 2. C 38. D 74. B 110. C 3. B 39. A 75. C 111. D 4. D 40. C 76. C 112. C 5. B 41. A 77. B 113. D 6. A 42. D 78. A 114. A 7. D 43. D 79. B 115. A 8. B 44. B 80. A 116. C 9. B 45. A 81. C 117. A 10. A 46. D 82. A 11. A 47. B 83. D 12. D 48. C 84. B 13. C 49. C 85. C 14. B 50. C 86. B 15. B 51. C 87. C 16. A 52. D 88. A 17. B 53. C 89. D 18. C 54. B 90. D 19. B 55. C 91. C 20. D 56. A 92. A 21. D 57. C 93. C 22. B 58. B 94. A 23. D 59. D 95. B 24. D 60. C 96. A 25. D 61. B 97. A 26. D 62. D 98. B 27. C 63. B 99. C 28. A 64. D 100. A 29. D 65. B 101. B 30. B 66. B 102. B 31. C 67. A 103. B 32. D 68. B 104. B 33. A 69. C 105. C 34. A 70. B 106. C 35. B 71. A 107. D 36. C 72. B 108. D