Optimal shape and location of piezoelectric materials for topology optimization of flextensional actuators
|
|
- Merry Bridges
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Optmal shape and loaton of pezoeletr materals for topology optmzaton of flextensonal atuators ng L 1 Xueme Xn 2 Noboru Kkuh 1 Kazuhro Satou 1 1 Department of Mehanal Engneerng, Unversty of Mhgan, Ann Arbor, MI Department of Cvl and Envronmental Engneerng, Unversty of Mhgan, Ann Arbor, MI Abstrat Pezoeletr atuator has been nreasngly used n MEMS system due to ts advantage of generalty and flexblty. A flextensonal atuator onsst of a pezoeram deve, whh an onvert eletral energy nto mehanal energy and ve versa, and a flexble mehanal struture, whh an onvert and amplfy the output pezoeram dsplaement n the desred dreton and magntude. A reent researh n ths area s optmzng the topology of the mehanal part whle fxng the eletral part. In ths researh, the loaton and shape of the pezoeletral omponent s optmzaton as an dsrete problem. The mxed optmzaton problem has been solved by two-layer optmzaton proedure ombned wth SLP and GA. Optmal result s presented and dsussed. 1 INTRODUCTION Pezoeletr atuators are beng nreasngly used n varous novel applatons [1]. A pezoeletr atuator usually onssts of two man omponents [2]: a mehanal part, whh s a flexble struture, and an eletral part, whh s the pezoeletr materal blok. One of the mportant ssues of usng pezoeletr atuator s to mprove ther performane for a ertan amount of pezoeletr materal, whh s the goal of pezoeletr atuator desgn. Desgn of pezoeletr atuators has been greatly advaned durng the past ten years. Researhers are fousng on every aspet and every omponent n order to aheve the best performanes, from pezo-eram omposte desgn, optmal szng and loatng to topology optmzaton. Topology optmzaton wth homogenzaton method was proposed by Bensdφe and Kkuh to desgn the stffest struture. Ths method s then appled to desgn omplant mehansms[4][5] and omposte materals. Sne the mehanal part of flextensonal atuators s atually a omplant mehansm, pezoeletr transduer [6] and thermal atuators [7][8] have been also desgned usng topology optmzaton tehnque. In ths prevous work of pezoeletr atuator optmzaton, topology and shape of the mehanal part of the atuator was desgned, however, the loaton and shape of the pezoeletr materal are fxed. Ths topologal desgn optmzaton was able to generate effetve mehanal struture that greatly mproved the performanes of the pezoeletr atuator. There have also been desgn optmzaton tehnques developed for the eletral part of pezoeletr atuator. The plaement and sze of pezo-materal was optmzed [10]. In a reent researh, the dstrbuton of pezoeletr materal n the optal MEMS was optmzed [11]. However the desgn of the flexble struture have not been taken nto aount. Sne the effetveness of the atuator s desvely dependent on both mehanal and eletral part, t s desrable to desgn both parts. The work presented here s based on the topology optmzaton tehnques and extends the desgn varables for shape and loaton of pezoeletr materal n the extended desgn doman. Dsrete optmzaton problem has been formulated n order to make the eletral part desgn onsstent wth the fnte element model n topology optmzaton. Two layered optmzaton tehnque has been developed. An example s presented here to support the tehnque. 2 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES The use of fxed grd s the key pont n topology optmzaton tehnque. Thus the fnte element model does not hange durng the optmzaton proess and exessve dstorton to the fnte elements an be avoded. In order to aommodate the two desgn parts n the same fnte element model, the shape and loaton parameters are easly hosen as dsrete varables, whle the topology desgn parameters are stll ontnuous. Ths requres the problem to be dealt as a mxed varable optmzaton problem. In order to utlze the exstng topology
2 optmzaton software, a spef two-layered optmzaton method s proposed to separate the ontnuous and dsrete desgn varables n two optmzaton proedures, one over the other. That s: mn f( x) = mn[mn f( x)] ab, a b Thus the optmzaton problem has been deomposed nto two layers of optmzaton problems and the nner and outer optmzatons are performed by homogenzaton desgn method and genet algorthm respetvely. 2.1 HOMOGENIZATION DESIGN METHOD Fgure 1: Homogenzaton Desgn Method The topology optmzaton problems s formulated as a problem of fndng the optmal dstrbuton of materal propertes n an extended fxed doman. Where some struture ost funton s maxmzed. Therefore the fnte element model does not hange durng the optmzaton proess. Ths tehnque s appled based on the homogenzaton method. To relax the optmzaton problem, a mrostruture proposed by Bendsφe and Kkuh[1] s defned n eah pont of the doman whh s a unt ell wth a retangular hole nsde (Fgure 1). The use of mrostruture allows the ntermedate materals rather than only vod or full materal n the fnal soluton. The desgn varables are the dmensons α, β and the orentaton θ of the mro-hole. In ths sense the problem s to optmze the materal dstrbuton n a perforate doman wth nfnte mrosope vods. The effetve propertes of the porous materal, are alulated usng the homogenzaton methods. 2.2 GENETIC ALGORITHM Genet algorthms are searh algorthms based on the mehans of natural seleton and natural genets [12]. It s a very effent and robust method of dsrete optmzaton. The reason of hoosng GA n ths researh s that GA searhes a very large spae and t explots hstoral nformaton to speulate on new searh ponts. These make GA a speedy and effent algorthm. A genet algorthm reles on the proess of reproduton, rossover and mutaton of notons to reah the global or near global optmum. Reproduton s a proess by whh the ndvduals are oped aordng to ther objetve funton values. Crossover nvolves random matng of newly reprodued ndvduals n the matng pool. Mutaton s the oasonal random alteraton of a strng poston. Mutaton s neessary beause although reproduton and rossover effently searh and mx exstng, oasonally they may result n loss of some nfeasble solutons. Hgh performane notons are repeatedly tested and exhanged n the searh for better and better performane. GA s haraterzed by parameters p ( rossover probablty ) and p ( mutaton probablty). m 2.3 OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE The two layered optmzaton proedure s shown n Fgure 2. Topology optmzaton, the nner layer, ontans a Sequental Lnear Programmng optmzer and fnte element analyss and alulatons as evalutaton. A tolerane for desgn varables are spefed as termnatng rtera. If the value of objetve s gettng worse and also all of the varables have smaller than 10% hange from ther prevous value, optmzaton s termnated and the urrent desgn s returned as the optmal. In the outer layer, the genet alogrthm optmzaton s onduted by omeral optmzaton software SIGHT5.5. GA parameters are automatally generated and updated nternally durng the proess. It s observed durng several experments from dfferent ntal desgn that after 150 teratons, GA does not produe a sgnfantly better desgn, but wll osllate wthn a small range. Due to the harasterst a maxmum teraton number of 200 s hosen to get the best result wthn a short alulaton tme. The topology optmzaton part and dsrete genet algorthm optmzaton are onneted through a program whh generates topology optmzaton nputs (fem.p and opt.p) wth the dsrete varables generated by genet algorthm optmzaton. 3 PROBLEM FORMULATION The problem formulaton s smlar to that of the topology optmzaton of flextensonal atuator as n[1]. In ths work, for smplty, the eletral part s fxed to be onepee retangular blok algn n horzontal dreton wth the dmensons and loaton beng dsrete desgn varables. The desgn problem and extended desgn doman s show n Fgure DESIGN VARIABLES Contnuous desgn varables are those of topology optmzaton: α, β (0,1]: Dmensons of the mrosop vods n homogenzaton desgn method; θ [0, π] : Orentaton of the mrosop vods;
3 Dsrete desgn varables are those of pezoeletr materal blok: fem.p & opt.p template Outer loop: Genet Algorthm Inner Loop: SLP Start Intalzaton Buld FEM model fem.p & opt.p FEM analyss N Converge? Optmal Topology Max ter #? Optmal Result End N New values for dsret desgn varables Senstvty Analyss Mutaton / Seleton rossover Fgure 2: Flow har of the two- layered optmsaton 2.Volume onstrant of the mehanal part: m = 1 (1 αβ ) V V 0 e Where V s the volume of a full element wth no vods. e 3. The total area of the pezoeletr blok s assumed to satsfy: ab A 0 4. The pezoeletr blok must reman nsde of the desgn doman: x x x l u y y y l u sup where for dfferent desgn doman, the boundary values are dfferent. In some engneerng ase, they are defned by onsderng also the engneerng feasblty. 5. Coupled equlbrum equatons for three dfferent loadng ases: a Nb, N : Dmensons of pezoeletr blok; x N, y N : Coordnates of the lower-left orner of pezoeletr blo V { 1,1} : Dreton of the appled voltage, whh determnes the dsplaement dreton of the pezoeletr blok for ths gvng polarzaton; V (X,) a desred dsplanement b H K K uuu U F =, k 1,2,3 ( ) = T k K K φφ Q where ( k ) represents three dfferent loadng ondton onsdered for objetve funton, shown s Fgure 4. U and Ö are dsplaements (mehanal degrees of freedom) and voltage (eletral degree of freedom) respetvely n k-th loadng ase. K H s the global uu stffness matrx, alulated through homogenzed elast tensor. H 1 = ( x, y)( I å( χ)) d 3.2 CONSTRAINTS Fgure 3: desgn problem 1.Sde onstrants of the mrosop vods: where χ s the haraterst deformaton, and represents the unt ell mrostruture. (Detals refer to [4]). Also, K s the deletr matrx and K s the φφ pezoeletr (oupled) matrx. F α sup 0 α α < 1 sup 0 β β < 1 β sup sup where and are upper lmts for dmenson of the vods. These prevent the exstene of the zero stffness, whh may ause the ll posed stffness matrx. Fgure 4: Loadng ases for mult-objetve funton
4 The loadng ases are as shown n Fgure 4: 1) only voltage s appled at the pezoeletr materal; 2) only a dummy load s appled at the pont of desred dsplaement and 3) the voltage s fxed and dummy load s appled. Case (1) and (2) formulate the mutual mean omplane to meet the knemats requrement and Case (3) formulate the mean omplane to meet the stffness requrement. 3.3 OBJECTIVE FUNCTION Ths mxed varable problem has the same objetve funton as the topology optmzaton problem [4]. For ompleton, we repeat the formulaton of the multobjetve problem. Consderng the three loadng ases n Fgure 4. The objetves are: 1. Maxmze the mutual mean omplane: A spef flextensonal atuator desgn problem s hosen as a follow-up to a prevous desgn problem. The struture layout are hosen to be both the mehanal part and the eletral part nsde of a spefed desgn doman as llustrated n Fgure 5, are optmzed Nshwak, et al[9] gave an example desgn problem by fxng the pezoeletr part at the entral bottom of the desgn doman. The topology optmzaton result s shown n Fgure 6 and values of nputs and outputs are shown n Table 1. MMC = whh s the knemats requrement or flexblty requrement. 2. Mnmze the mean omplane: MC = whh s the strutural requrement or stffness requrement. The mult-objetve funton s formulated as: 4 EXAMPLES T (1) H (2) K K uuu (1) T (2) K K T (3) H (3) K K uuu (3) T (3) K K max Fgure 5: Desgn doman of the example φφ φφ MMC f = MC In ths two-layered optmzaton problem, the loaton and dmensons of pezoeletr part are optmzed wth genet algorthm, whle the mehanal part s optmzed wth prevous topology method. A fnte element method s used to alulate the objetve funton The followng parameters are used n ths problem: However, t should be noted that t s not neessary to assgn unts to the parameters and varables, sne the topology optmzaton s appled on lnear elast fttous materal. Assgnng unts to the parameters and varables does not have any physal meanng. Optmal result A B 2 5 x, y 11,8 5 V -1 (-) 1 (+) Objetve Dsplaement at desred pont Fgure 6: Prevous result L = 40, H = 20; A = 100; 0 x = 0, y = 0; Prevous result Table 1: Optmal result ompared wth the prevous
5 Fgure 7 shows the optmal onfguraton after 200 runs. Table 1 ompares the values of varables and objetves of the optmal desgn and the orgnal desgn. In the orgnal desgn, the dmensons of the pezoeletr blok s 20*5 and s loated at (11,1), whle n the optmzed desgn, the sze of the pezoeletr blok s redued to 22*2, and the loaton s moved up to (11,8). Wth the optmzed desgn, the objetve funton value s nreased by 175%, and the dsplaement s nreased by 33%. It s obvous the optmal result s an aeptable mprovement to the prevous result. Also, by allowng more freedom to the desgn, we an expet less stress onentraton n the sense that dfferene of stresses at dfferent pont s smaller. Genet algorthm has shown ts advantage of handlng dsrete desgn varables. If pure mutaton s used to try dfferent desgn, t needs a total of more than 576,000 topology optmzaton teratons, whh take more than 400 days to fnsh. By genet algorthm a feasble loal optmal soluton an be obtaned wthn 2 days. If more omputatonal tme are allowed, a better global optmal an be possbly obtaned. (a) (b) Fgure 7: Optmal onfguraton (a) materal dstrbuton (b) threshold result To verfy the result, an mage proessng tehnology s appled to the optmal materal dstrbuton to obtan a fnte element model of a sold struture. Then the fnte element analyss s onduted wth ABAQUS. The struture s deformed n the desrable manner as shown n Fgure 8. 5 CONCLUSIONS In ths researh, optmal pezoeletr atuator desgn was aheved by gvng more desgn freedom than the topology optmzaton. The two layered optmzaton proedure has suessfully ollaborate two optmzaton tehnques and provded onsstently mproved desgn. Genet Algorthm has worked n an effent manner. The tehnque presented here an be also appled to three dmensonal desgn optmzaton problems. The same methodology an be utlzed n desgns of other atuator and strutures, whh ontans two or more dfferent materals. For nstane, the future desgn of thermal atuators, b-materal omplant mehansms and MEMS an be possbly benefted from ths method. Furthermore, more dsrete desgn varables an be added, suh as materal types and atuaton type, and more objetve funton an be onsdered for the desgn of eonom and envronmental onsous mehansms and deves. Aknowledgment Fgure 8: Deformaton verfaton from ABAQUS The authors thank Engneous In for generously provdng SIGHT lene. Sne ths work s based on ourse projet of ME558 (Dsrete optmzaton methods) n Fall 2000 at the Unversty of Mhgan, the authors are grateful for the opportunty from Unversty of Mhgan. Supports and onerns from omputatonal mehans lab are also appreated.
6 Referenes [1] C. Near (1996) Pezoeletr atuator tehnology. Proeedng of SPIE [2] K. Ontsuka, A. Dogan, J. Tressler, Q. Xu, S. oshkawa and R. Nownham (1995) Metaleram omposte transduer, The Moone. Journal of Intellgent Materal Systems and Strutures [3] M. Bendsφe and N. Kkuh (1988) Generatng optmal topologes n strutural desgn usng a homogenzaton method. Computer Methods n Appled Mehans and Engneerng [4] O. Sgmund (1997) On the desgn of omplant mehansms usng topology optmzaton Mehans of Strutures and Mahnes [5] S. Nshwak, M. Freker, S. Mn and N. Kkuh (1998) Topology optmzaton of omplant mehansms usng homogenzaton method. Internatonal Journal for Numeral Methods n Engneerng [8]. L, B. Chen and N. Kkuh (1999) Topology optmzaton for mehansms of thermal atuaton wth Eo-materals. Proeedng of the th Internatonal Conferene on Eomaterals [9] S. Nshwak, E. Slva,. L and N. Kkuh (1998) Topology optmzaton for flextensonal autators AIAA onferene St. Louse [10] J. Man, E. Gara and D. Howard (1994) Optmal plaement and szng of pared pezoatuators n beams and plates. Smart Materal and Struture [11] Gabbert, U. and Weber, C-T (1999) Optmzaton of pezoeletr materal dstrbuton n smart strutures. Proeedngs of SPIE- The Internatonal Soety for Optal Engneerng [12] D. Goldberg (1989) Genet algorthms n searh, optmzaton and mahne learnng Addson-Wesley Publshng [6] E. Slva, N. Kkuh (1999) Desgn of pezoeletr transduer usng topology optmzaton. Smart Materals and Strutures [7] J. Jonsmann, O. Sgmund, S. Bouwstra(1999) Complant eletro-thermal mroatuators. Proeedng of the th IEEE Internatonal Conferene on MEMS
Interval uncertain optimization of structures using Chebyshev meta-models
0 th World Congress on Strutural and Multdsplnary Optmzaton May 9-24, 203, Orlando, Florda, USA Interval unertan optmzaton of strutures usng Chebyshev meta-models Jngla Wu, Zhen Luo, Nong Zhang (Tmes New
More informationMeasurement and Calibration of High Accuracy Spherical Joints
1. Introduton easurement and Calbraton of Hgh Auray Spheral Jonts Ale Robertson, Adam Rzepnewsk, Alexander Sloum assahusetts Insttute of Tehnolog Cambrdge, A Hgh auray robot manpulators are requred for
More informationSession 4.2. Switching planning. Switching/Routing planning
ITU Semnar Warsaw Poland 6-0 Otober 2003 Sesson 4.2 Swthng/Routng plannng Network Plannng Strategy for evolvng Network Arhtetures Sesson 4.2- Swthng plannng Loaton problem : Optmal plaement of exhanges
More informationThe Simulation of Electromagnetic Suspension System Based on the Finite Element Analysis
308 JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS, VOL. 8, NO., FEBRUARY 03 The Smulaton of Suspenson System Based on the Fnte Element Analyss Zhengfeng Mng Shool of Eletron & Mahanal Engneerng, Xdan Unversty, X an, Chna Emal:
More informationBit-level Arithmetic Optimization for Carry-Save Additions
Bt-leel Arthmet Optmzaton for Carry-Sae s Ke-Yong Khoo, Zhan Yu and Alan N. Wllson, Jr. Integrated Cruts and Systems Laboratory Unersty of Calforna, Los Angeles, CA 995 khoo, zhanyu, wllson @sl.ula.edu
More informationMatrix-Matrix Multiplication Using Systolic Array Architecture in Bluespec
Matrx-Matrx Multplaton Usng Systol Array Arhteture n Bluespe Team SegFault Chatanya Peddawad (EEB096), Aman Goel (EEB087), heera B (EEB090) Ot. 25, 205 Theoretal Bakground. Matrx-Matrx Multplaton on Hardware
More informationAn Iterative Solution Approach to Process Plant Layout using Mixed Integer Optimisation
17 th European Symposum on Computer Aded Process Engneerng ESCAPE17 V. Plesu and P.S. Agach (Edtors) 2007 Elsever B.V. All rghts reserved. 1 An Iteratve Soluton Approach to Process Plant Layout usng Mxed
More informationNUMERICAL SOLVING OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS BY THE METHOD OF VARIATIONS
ARPN Journal of Engneerng and Appled Scences 006-017 Asan Research Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. NUMERICAL SOLVING OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS BY THE METHOD OF VARIATIONS Igor Grgoryev, Svetlana
More informationMicroprocessors and Microsystems
Mroproessors and Mrosystems 36 (2012) 96 109 Contents lsts avalable at SeneDret Mroproessors and Mrosystems journal homepage: www.elsever.om/loate/mpro Hardware aelerator arhteture for smultaneous short-read
More informationLECTURE NOTES Duality Theory, Sensitivity Analysis, and Parametric Programming
CEE 60 Davd Rosenberg p. LECTURE NOTES Dualty Theory, Senstvty Analyss, and Parametrc Programmng Learnng Objectves. Revew the prmal LP model formulaton 2. Formulate the Dual Problem of an LP problem (TUES)
More informationConnectivity in Fuzzy Soft graph and its Complement
IOSR Journal of Mathemats (IOSR-JM) e-issn: 2278-5728, p-issn: 2319-765X. Volume 1 Issue 5 Ver. IV (Sep. - Ot.2016), PP 95-99 www.osrjournals.org Connetvty n Fuzzy Soft graph and ts Complement Shashkala
More informationDesign of Structure Optimization with APDL
Desgn of Structure Optmzaton wth APDL Yanyun School of Cvl Engneerng and Archtecture, East Chna Jaotong Unversty Nanchang 330013 Chna Abstract In ths paper, the desgn process of structure optmzaton wth
More informationAnalysis of Continuous Beams in General
Analyss of Contnuous Beams n General Contnuous beams consdered here are prsmatc, rgdly connected to each beam segment and supported at varous ponts along the beam. onts are selected at ponts of support,
More informationTopology Design using LS-TaSC Version 2 and LS-DYNA
Topology Desgn usng LS-TaSC Verson 2 and LS-DYNA Wllem Roux Lvermore Software Technology Corporaton, Lvermore, CA, USA Abstract Ths paper gves an overvew of LS-TaSC verson 2, a topology optmzaton tool
More informationMinimize Congestion for Random-Walks in Networks via Local Adaptive Congestion Control
Journal of Communatons Vol. 11, No. 6, June 2016 Mnmze Congeston for Random-Walks n Networks va Loal Adaptve Congeston Control Yang Lu, Y Shen, and Le Dng College of Informaton Sene and Tehnology, Nanjng
More information,.,,
ISSN 49-99 6. 9... /.......... 989.... 85-9.... - /.... //.. 5.. 8.. 5-55. 4... /.... //... 978.... 65-7. 5... :.... - :.: 5..6. /. 99. 46. Vtor su leturer Vtor alh Prof. PhD teh. s. lexandr Ddy ssos.
More informationResearch on Neural Network Model Based on Subtraction Clustering and Its Applications
Avalable onlne at www.senedret.om Physs Proeda 5 (01 ) 164 1647 01 Internatonal Conferene on Sold State Deves and Materals Sene Researh on Neural Networ Model Based on Subtraton Clusterng and Its Applatons
More informationSmoothing Spline ANOVA for variable screening
Smoothng Splne ANOVA for varable screenng a useful tool for metamodels tranng and mult-objectve optmzaton L. Rcco, E. Rgon, A. Turco Outlne RSM Introducton Possble couplng Test case MOO MOO wth Game Theory
More informationA Fast Way to Produce Optimal Fixed-Depth Decision Trees
A Fast Way to Produe Optmal Fxed-Depth Deson Trees Alreza Farhangfar, Russell Grener and Martn Znkevh Dept of Computng Sene Unversty of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E8 Canada {farhang, grener, maz}@s.ualberta.a
More informationPath Following Control of a Spherical Robot Rolling on an Inclined Plane
Sensors & ransduers, Vol., Speal Issue, May 3, pp. 4-47 Sensors & ransduers 3 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportal.om Path Followng Control of a Spheral Robot Rollng on an Inlned Plane ao Yu, Hanxu Sun, Qngxuan
More informationA mathematical programming approach to the analysis, design and scheduling of offshore oilfields
17 th European Symposum on Computer Aded Process Engneerng ESCAPE17 V. Plesu and P.S. Agach (Edtors) 2007 Elsever B.V. All rghts reserved. 1 A mathematcal programmng approach to the analyss, desgn and
More informationLink Graph Analysis for Adult Images Classification
Lnk Graph Analyss for Adult Images Classfaton Evgeny Khartonov Insttute of Physs and Tehnology, Yandex LLC 90, 6 Lev Tolstoy st., khartonov@yandex-team.ru Anton Slesarev Insttute of Physs and Tehnology,
More informationAdaptive Class Preserving Representation for Image Classification
Adaptve Class Preservng Representaton for Image Classfaton Jan-Xun M,, Qankun Fu,, Wesheng L, Chongqng Key Laboratory of Computatonal Intellgene, Chongqng Unversty of Posts and eleommunatons, Chongqng,
More informationKent State University CS 4/ Design and Analysis of Algorithms. Dept. of Math & Computer Science LECT-16. Dynamic Programming
CS 4/560 Desgn and Analyss of Algorthms Kent State Unversty Dept. of Math & Computer Scence LECT-6 Dynamc Programmng 2 Dynamc Programmng Dynamc Programmng, lke the dvde-and-conquer method, solves problems
More informationProper Choice of Data Used for the Estimation of Datum Transformation Parameters
Proper Choce of Data Used for the Estmaton of Datum Transformaton Parameters Hakan S. KUTOGLU, Turkey Key words: Coordnate systems; transformaton; estmaton, relablty. SUMMARY Advances n technologes and
More informationA GENETIC APPROACH FOR THE AUTOMATIC ADAPTATION OF SEGMENTATION PARAMETERS
A GENETIC APPROACH FOR THE AUTOMATIC ADAPTATION OF SEGMENTATION PARAMETERS R. Q. Fetosa a, *, G. A. O. P. Costa a, T. B. Cazes a, B. Fejo b a Dept. of Eletral Engneerng, b Dept of Informats, Cathol Unversty
More informationA Binarization Algorithm specialized on Document Images and Photos
A Bnarzaton Algorthm specalzed on Document mages and Photos Ergna Kavalleratou Dept. of nformaton and Communcaton Systems Engneerng Unversty of the Aegean kavalleratou@aegean.gr Abstract n ths paper, a
More informationMultiscale Heterogeneous Modeling with Surfacelets
759 Multsale Heterogeneous Modelng wth Surfaelets Yan Wang 1 and Davd W. Rosen 2 1 Georga Insttute of Tehnology, yan.wang@me.gateh.edu 2 Georga Insttute of Tehnology, davd.rosen@me.gateh.edu ABSTRACT Computatonal
More informationFuzzy Modeling for Multi-Label Text Classification Supported by Classification Algorithms
Journal of Computer Senes Orgnal Researh Paper Fuzzy Modelng for Mult-Label Text Classfaton Supported by Classfaton Algorthms 1 Beatrz Wlges, 2 Gustavo Mateus, 2 Slva Nassar, 2 Renato Cslagh and 3 Rogéro
More informationActive Contours/Snakes
Actve Contours/Snakes Erkut Erdem Acknowledgement: The sldes are adapted from the sldes prepared by K. Grauman of Unversty of Texas at Austn Fttng: Edges vs. boundares Edges useful sgnal to ndcate occludng
More informationAVideoStabilizationMethodbasedonInterFrameImageMatchingScore
Global Journal of Computer Sene and Tehnology: F Graphs & vson Volume 7 Issue Verson.0 Year 207 Type: Double Blnd Peer Revewed Internatonal Researh Journal Publsher: Global Journals In. (USA) Onlne ISSN:
More informationTAR based shape features in unconstrained handwritten digit recognition
TAR based shape features n unonstraned handwrtten dgt reognton P. AHAMED AND YOUSEF AL-OHALI Department of Computer Sene Kng Saud Unversty P.O.B. 578, Ryadh 543 SAUDI ARABIA shamapervez@gmal.om, yousef@s.edu.sa
More informationA Semi-parametric Approach for Analyzing Longitudinal Measurements with Non-ignorable Missingness Using Regression Spline
Avalable at http://pvamu.edu/aam Appl. Appl. Math. ISSN: 93-9466 Vol., Issue (June 5), pp. 95 - Applatons and Appled Mathemats: An Internatonal Journal (AAM) A Sem-parametr Approah for Analyzng Longtudnal
More informationCluster ( Vehicle Example. Cluster analysis ( Terminology. Vehicle Clusters. Why cluster?
Why luster? referene funton R R Although R and R both somewhat orrelated wth the referene funton, they are unorrelated wth eah other Cluster (www.m-w.om) A number of smlar ndvduals that our together as
More informationON THE USE OF THE SIFT TRANSFORM TO SELF-LOCATE AND POSITION EYE-IN-HAND MANIPULATORS USING VISUAL CONTROL
XVIII Congresso Braslero de Automáta / a 6-setembro-00, Bonto-MS ON THE USE OF THE SIFT TRANSFORM TO SELF-LOCATE AND POSITION EYE-IN-HAND MANIPULATORS USING VISUAL CONTROL ILANA NIGRI, RAUL Q. FEITOSA
More informationProgramming in Fortran 90 : 2017/2018
Programmng n Fortran 90 : 2017/2018 Programmng n Fortran 90 : 2017/2018 Exercse 1 : Evaluaton of functon dependng on nput Wrte a program who evaluate the functon f (x,y) for any two user specfed values
More informationSteganalysis of DCT-Embedding Based Adaptive Steganography and YASS
Steganalyss of DCT-Embeddng Based Adaptve Steganography and YASS Qngzhong Lu Department of Computer Sene Sam Houston State Unversty Huntsvlle, TX 77341, U.S.A. lu@shsu.edu ABSTRACT Reently well-desgned
More informationSolving two-person zero-sum game by Matlab
Appled Mechancs and Materals Onlne: 2011-02-02 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vols. 50-51, pp 262-265 do:10.4028/www.scentfc.net/amm.50-51.262 2011 Trans Tech Publcatons, Swtzerland Solvng two-person zero-sum game by
More informationProblem Definitions and Evaluation Criteria for Computational Expensive Optimization
Problem efntons and Evaluaton Crtera for Computatonal Expensve Optmzaton B. Lu 1, Q. Chen and Q. Zhang 3, J. J. Lang 4, P. N. Suganthan, B. Y. Qu 6 1 epartment of Computng, Glyndwr Unversty, UK Faclty
More informationA Robust Algorithm for Text Detection in Color Images
A Robust Algorthm for Tet Deteton n Color Images Yangng LIU Satosh GOTO Takesh IKENAGA Abstrat Tet deteton n olor mages has beome an atve researh area sne reent deades. In ths paper we present a novel
More informationSupport Vector Machines
/9/207 MIST.6060 Busness Intellgence and Data Mnng What are Support Vector Machnes? Support Vector Machnes Support Vector Machnes (SVMs) are supervsed learnng technques that analyze data and recognze patterns.
More informationA Novel Dynamic and Scalable Caching Algorithm of Proxy Server for Multimedia Objects
Journal of VLSI Sgnal Proessng 2007 * 2007 Sprnger Sene + Busness Meda, LLC. Manufatured n The Unted States. DOI: 10.1007/s11265-006-0024-7 A Novel Dynam and Salable Cahng Algorthm of Proxy Server for
More informationPerformance Evaluation of TreeQ and LVQ Classifiers for Music Information Retrieval
Performane Evaluaton of TreeQ and LVQ Classfers for Mus Informaton Retreval Matna Charam, Ram Halloush, Sofa Tsekerdou Athens Informaton Tehnology (AIT) 0.8 km Markopoulo Ave. GR - 19002 Peana, Athens,
More informationEVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCES OF ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY AND INVASIVE WEED OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS ON THE MODIFIED BENCHMARK FUNCTIONS
Academc Research Internatonal ISS-L: 3-9553, ISS: 3-9944 Vol., o. 3, May 0 EVALUATIO OF THE PERFORMACES OF ARTIFICIAL BEE COLOY AD IVASIVE WEED OPTIMIZATIO ALGORITHMS O THE MODIFIED BECHMARK FUCTIOS Dlay
More informationPattern Classification: An Improvement Using Combination of VQ and PCA Based Techniques
Ameran Journal of Appled Senes (0): 445-455, 005 ISSN 546-939 005 Sene Publatons Pattern Classfaton: An Improvement Usng Combnaton of VQ and PCA Based Tehnques Alok Sharma, Kuldp K. Palwal and Godfrey
More informationParallelism for Nested Loops with Non-uniform and Flow Dependences
Parallelsm for Nested Loops wth Non-unform and Flow Dependences Sam-Jn Jeong Dept. of Informaton & Communcaton Engneerng, Cheonan Unversty, 5, Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-80, Korea. seong@cheonan.ac.kr
More informationImproved Accurate Extrinsic Calibration Algorithm of Camera and Two-dimensional Laser Scanner
JOURNAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 8, NO. 6, DECEMBER 013 777 Improved Aurate Extrns Calbraton Algorthm of Camera and Two-dmensonal Laser Sanner Janle Kong, Le Yan*, Jnhao Lu, Qngqng Huang, and Xaokang Dng College
More informationColor Texture Classification using Modified Local Binary Patterns based on Intensity and Color Information
Color Texture Classfaton usng Modfed Loal Bnary Patterns based on Intensty and Color Informaton Shvashankar S. Department of Computer Sene Karnatak Unversty, Dharwad-580003 Karnataka,Inda shvashankars@kud.a.n
More informationPerformance Analysis of Hybrid (supervised and unsupervised) method for multiclass data set
IOSR Journal of Computer Engneerng (IOSR-JCE) e-issn: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 16, Issue 4, Ver. III (Jul Aug. 2014), PP 93-99 www.osrjournals.org Performane Analyss of Hybrd (supervsed and
More informationMeta-heuristics for Multidimensional Knapsack Problems
2012 4th Internatonal Conference on Computer Research and Development IPCSIT vol.39 (2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Sngapore Meta-heurstcs for Multdmensonal Knapsack Problems Zhbao Man + Computer Scence Department,
More informationGabor-Filtering-Based Completed Local Binary Patterns for Land-Use Scene Classification
Gabor-Flterng-Based Completed Loal Bnary Patterns for Land-Use Sene Classfaton Chen Chen 1, Lbng Zhou 2,*, Janzhong Guo 1,2, We L 3, Hongjun Su 4, Fangda Guo 5 1 Department of Eletral Engneerng, Unversty
More informationAMath 483/583 Lecture 21 May 13, Notes: Notes: Jacobi iteration. Notes: Jacobi with OpenMP coarse grain
AMath 483/583 Lecture 21 May 13, 2011 Today: OpenMP and MPI versons of Jacob teraton Gauss-Sedel and SOR teratve methods Next week: More MPI Debuggng and totalvew GPU computng Read: Class notes and references
More informationEcient Computation of the Most Probable Motion from Fuzzy. Moshe Ben-Ezra Shmuel Peleg Michael Werman. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ecent Computaton of the Most Probable Moton from Fuzzy Correspondences Moshe Ben-Ezra Shmuel Peleg Mchael Werman Insttute of Computer Scence The Hebrew Unversty of Jerusalem 91904 Jerusalem, Israel Emal:
More information陳申岳 S-Y. Chen, 2007, Gradient-Based Structural and CFD Global Shape Optimization with SmartDO and the Response Smoothing Technology, Proceeding of
陳申岳 S-Y. Chen, 2007, Gradent-Based Structural and CFD Global Shape Optmzaton wth SmartDO and the Response Smoothng Technology, Proceedng of the 7 th World Congress of Structural and Multdscplnary Optmzaton
More informationSLAM Summer School 2006 Practical 2: SLAM using Monocular Vision
SLAM Summer School 2006 Practcal 2: SLAM usng Monocular Vson Javer Cvera, Unversty of Zaragoza Andrew J. Davson, Imperal College London J.M.M Montel, Unversty of Zaragoza. josemar@unzar.es, jcvera@unzar.es,
More informationSupport Vector Machines
Support Vector Machnes Decson surface s a hyperplane (lne n 2D) n feature space (smlar to the Perceptron) Arguably, the most mportant recent dscovery n machne learnng In a nutshell: map the data to a predetermned
More informationScalable Parametric Runtime Monitoring
Salable Parametr Runtme Montorng Dongyun Jn Patrk O Nel Meredth Grgore Roşu Department of Computer Sene Unversty of Illnos at Urbana Champagn Urbana, IL, U.S.A. {djn3, pmeredt, grosu}@s.llnos.edu Abstrat
More informationCS 534: Computer Vision Model Fitting
CS 534: Computer Vson Model Fttng Sprng 004 Ahmed Elgammal Dept of Computer Scence CS 534 Model Fttng - 1 Outlnes Model fttng s mportant Least-squares fttng Maxmum lkelhood estmaton MAP estmaton Robust
More informationBiostatistics 615/815
The E-M Algorthm Bostatstcs 615/815 Lecture 17 Last Lecture: The Smplex Method General method for optmzaton Makes few assumptons about functon Crawls towards mnmum Some recommendatons Multple startng ponts
More informationAvatar Face Recognition using Wavelet Transform and Hierarchical Multi-scale LBP
2011 10th Internatonal Conferene on Mahne Learnng and Applatons Avatar Fae Reognton usng Wavelet Transform and Herarhal Mult-sale LBP Abdallah A. Mohamed, Darryl D Souza, Naouel Bal and Roman V. Yampolsky
More informationBottom-Up Fuzzy Partitioning in Fuzzy Decision Trees
Bottom-Up Fuzzy arttonng n Fuzzy eson Trees Maej Fajfer ept. of Mathemats and Computer Sene Unversty of Mssour St. Lous St. Lous, Mssour 63121 maejf@me.pl Cezary Z. Janow ept. of Mathemats and Computer
More informationImplementing Lattice Boltzmann Computation on Graphics Hardware
To appear n The Vsual omputer Implementng Latte oltzmann omputaton on Graphs Hardware We L, Xaomng We, and re Kaufman enter for Vsual omputng (V) and epartment of omputer Sene State Unversty of New York
More informationABHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Networking Laboratory
ABHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Networkng Laboratory Load Balanng n Cellular Networks Usng Frst Poly Iteraton Johan an Leeuwaarden Samul Aalto & Jorma Vrtamo Networkng Laboratory Helsnk Unersty of
More informationTPL-Aware Displacement-driven Detailed Placement Refinement with Coloring Constraints
TPL-ware Dsplacement-drven Detaled Placement Refnement wth Colorng Constrants Tao Ln Iowa State Unversty tln@astate.edu Chrs Chu Iowa State Unversty cnchu@astate.edu BSTRCT To mnmze the effect of process
More informationMULTISPECTRAL IMAGES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON KLT AND ATR AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION
MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON KLT AND ATR AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION Paulo Quntlano 1 & Antono Santa-Rosa 1 Federal Polce Department, Brasla, Brazl. E-mals: quntlano.pqs@dpf.gov.br and
More informationLearning the Kernel Parameters in Kernel Minimum Distance Classifier
Learnng the Kernel Parameters n Kernel Mnmum Dstance Classfer Daoqang Zhang 1,, Songcan Chen and Zh-Hua Zhou 1* 1 Natonal Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjng Unversty, Nanjng 193, Chna Department
More informationCHAPTER 4 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
48 CHAPTER 4 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES 4.1 INTRODUCTION Unfortunately no sngle optmzaton algorthm exsts that can be appled effcently to all types of problems. The method chosen for any partcular case wll
More informationSurface and Volume Discretization of Functionally Based Heterogeneous Objects
Surfae and Volume Dsretzaton of Funtonally Based Heterogeneous Objets Elena Kartasheva Insttute for Mathematal Modelng Russan Aademy of Sene Mosow, Russa ekart@mamod.ru Oleg Fryaznov Insttute for Mathematal
More informationSHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURES BY MODIFIED HARMONY SEARCH
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Int. J. Optm. Cvl Eng., 2011; 3:485-494 SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURES BY MODIFIED HARMONY SEARCH S. Gholzadeh *,, A. Barzegar and Ch. Gheyratmand
More informationOutline. Discriminative classifiers for image recognition. Where in the World? A nearest neighbor recognition example 4/14/2011. CS 376 Lecture 22 1
4/14/011 Outlne Dscrmnatve classfers for mage recognton Wednesday, Aprl 13 Krsten Grauman UT-Austn Last tme: wndow-based generc obect detecton basc ppelne face detecton wth boostng as case study Today:
More informationInvestigations of Topology and Shape of Multi-material Optimum Design of Structures
Advanced Scence and Tecnology Letters Vol.141 (GST 2016), pp.241-245 ttp://dx.do.org/10.14257/astl.2016.141.52 Investgatons of Topology and Sape of Mult-materal Optmum Desgn of Structures Quoc Hoan Doan
More informationLecture 4: Principal components
/3/6 Lecture 4: Prncpal components 3..6 Multvarate lnear regresson MLR s optmal for the estmaton data...but poor for handlng collnear data Covarance matrx s not nvertble (large condton number) Robustness
More informationThe Greedy Method. Outline and Reading. Change Money Problem. Greedy Algorithms. Applications of the Greedy Strategy. The Greedy Method Technique
//00 :0 AM Outlne and Readng The Greedy Method The Greedy Method Technque (secton.) Fractonal Knapsack Problem (secton..) Task Schedulng (secton..) Mnmum Spannng Trees (secton.) Change Money Problem Greedy
More informationSequential Projection Maximin Distance Sampling Method
APCOM & ISCM 11-14 th December, 2013, Sngapore Sequental Projecton Maxmn Dstance Samplng Method J. Jang 1, W. Lm 1, S. Cho 1, M. Lee 2, J. Na 3 and * T.H. Lee 1 1 Department of automotve engneerng, Hanyang
More informationClustering Data. Clustering Methods. The clustering problem: Given a set of objects, find groups of similar objects
Clusterng Data The lusterng problem: Gven a set of obets, fnd groups of smlar obets Cluster: a olleton of data obets Smlar to one another wthn the same luster Dssmlar to the obets n other lusters What
More informationPositive Semi-definite Programming Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Postve Sem-defnte Programmng Localzaton n Wreless Sensor etworks Shengdong Xe 1,, Jn Wang, Aqun Hu 1, Yunl Gu, Jang Xu, 1 School of Informaton Scence and Engneerng, Southeast Unversty, 10096, anjng Computer
More informationMultilabel Classification with Meta-level Features
Multlabel Classfaton wth Meta-level Features Sddharth Gopal Carnege Mellon Unversty Pttsburgh PA 523 sgopal@andrew.mu.edu Ymng Yang Carnege Mellon Unversty Pttsburgh PA 523 ymng@s.mu.edu ABSTRACT Effetve
More informationLS-TaSC Version 2.1. Willem Roux Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA, USA. Abstract
12 th Internatonal LS-DYNA Users Conference Optmzaton(1) LS-TaSC Verson 2.1 Wllem Roux Lvermore Software Technology Corporaton, Lvermore, CA, USA Abstract Ths paper gves an overvew of LS-TaSC verson 2.1,
More informationMaximum Variance Combined with Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Infrared Image Segmentation
Internatonal Conference on Logstcs Engneerng, Management and Computer Scence (LEMCS 5) Maxmum Varance Combned wth Adaptve Genetc Algorthm for Infrared Image Segmentaton Huxuan Fu College of Automaton Harbn
More informationOutline. Type of Machine Learning. Examples of Application. Unsupervised Learning
Outlne Artfcal Intellgence and ts applcatons Lecture 8 Unsupervsed Learnng Professor Danel Yeung danyeung@eee.org Dr. Patrck Chan patrckchan@eee.org South Chna Unversty of Technology, Chna Introducton
More informationLECTURE : MANIFOLD LEARNING
LECTURE : MANIFOLD LEARNING Rta Osadchy Some sldes are due to L.Saul, V. C. Raykar, N. Verma Topcs PCA MDS IsoMap LLE EgenMaps Done! Dmensonalty Reducton Data representaton Inputs are real-valued vectors
More informationTopology optimization considering the requirements of deep-drawn sheet metals
th World Congress on Structural and Multdscplnary Optmsaton 7 th - th, June 5, Sydney Australa Topology optmzaton consderng the requrements of deep-drawn sheet metals Robert Denemann, Axel Schumacher,
More informationA MOVING MESH APPROACH FOR SIMULATION BUDGET ALLOCATION ON CONTINUOUS DOMAINS
Proceedngs of the Wnter Smulaton Conference M E Kuhl, N M Steger, F B Armstrong, and J A Jones, eds A MOVING MESH APPROACH FOR SIMULATION BUDGET ALLOCATION ON CONTINUOUS DOMAINS Mark W Brantley Chun-Hung
More informationAn Optimal Algorithm for Prufer Codes *
J. Software Engneerng & Applcatons, 2009, 2: 111-115 do:10.4236/jsea.2009.22016 Publshed Onlne July 2009 (www.scrp.org/journal/jsea) An Optmal Algorthm for Prufer Codes * Xaodong Wang 1, 2, Le Wang 3,
More informationProgressive scan conversion based on edge-dependent interpolation using fuzzy logic
Progressve san onverson based on edge-dependent nterpolaton usng fuzzy log P. Brox brox@mse.nm.es I. Baturone lum@mse.nm.es Insttuto de Mroeletróna de Sevlla, Centro Naonal de Mroeletróna Avda. Rena Meredes
More information2x x l. Module 3: Element Properties Lecture 4: Lagrange and Serendipity Elements
Module 3: Element Propertes Lecture : Lagrange and Serendpty Elements 5 In last lecture note, the nterpolaton functons are derved on the bass of assumed polynomal from Pascal s trangle for the fled varable.
More informationImproving Low Density Parity Check Codes Over the Erasure Channel. The Nelder Mead Downhill Simplex Method. Scott Stransky
Improvng Low Densty Party Check Codes Over the Erasure Channel The Nelder Mead Downhll Smplex Method Scott Stransky Programmng n conjuncton wth: Bors Cukalovc 18.413 Fnal Project Sprng 2004 Page 1 Abstract
More informationFace Recognition University at Buffalo CSE666 Lecture Slides Resources:
Face Recognton Unversty at Buffalo CSE666 Lecture Sldes Resources: http://www.face-rec.org/algorthms/ Overvew of face recognton algorthms Correlaton - Pxel based correspondence between two face mages Structural
More informationMultiobjective fuzzy optimization method
Buletnul Ştnţfc al nverstăţ "Poltehnca" dn Tmşoara Sera ELECTRONICĂ ş TELECOMNICAŢII TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS and COMMNICATIONS Tom 49(63, Fasccola, 24 Multobjectve fuzzy optmzaton method Gabrel Oltean
More informationCluster Analysis of Electrical Behavior
Journal of Computer and Communcatons, 205, 3, 88-93 Publshed Onlne May 205 n ScRes. http://www.scrp.org/ournal/cc http://dx.do.org/0.4236/cc.205.350 Cluster Analyss of Electrcal Behavor Ln Lu Ln Lu, School
More informationClassification / Regression Support Vector Machines
Classfcaton / Regresson Support Vector Machnes Jeff Howbert Introducton to Machne Learnng Wnter 04 Topcs SVM classfers for lnearly separable classes SVM classfers for non-lnearly separable classes SVM
More informationAn Application of the Dulmage-Mendelsohn Decomposition to Sparse Null Space Bases of Full Row Rank Matrices
Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, Vol 7, 2012, no 52, 2549-2554 An Applcaton of the Dulmage-Mendelsohn Decomposton to Sparse Null Space Bases of Full Row Rank Matrces Mostafa Khorramzadeh Department of Mathematcal
More informationMachine Learning 9. week
Machne Learnng 9. week Mappng Concept Radal Bass Functons (RBF) RBF Networks 1 Mappng It s probably the best scenaro for the classfcaton of two dataset s to separate them lnearly. As you see n the below
More informationTime Synchronization in WSN: A survey Vikram Singh, Satyendra Sharma, Dr. T. P. Sharma NIT Hamirpur, India
Internatonal Journal of Enhaned Researh n Sene Tehnology & Engneerng, ISSN: 2319-7463 Vol. 2 Issue 5, May-2013, pp: (61-67), Avalable onlne at: www.erpublatons.om Tme Synhronzaton n WSN: A survey Vkram
More informationCable optimization of a long span cable stayed bridge in La Coruña (Spain)
Computer Aded Optmum Desgn n Engneerng XI 107 Cable optmzaton of a long span cable stayed brdge n La Coruña (Span) A. Baldomr & S. Hernández School of Cvl Engneerng, Unversty of Coruña, La Coruña, Span
More informationOutline. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) US Hebbian Learning, Cntd. The learning rule is Hebbian like:
Self-Organzng Maps (SOM) Turgay İBRİKÇİ, PhD. Outlne Introducton Structures of SOM SOM Archtecture Neghborhoods SOM Algorthm Examples Summary 1 2 Unsupervsed Hebban Learnng US Hebban Learnng, Cntd 3 A
More informationA Flexible Solution for Modeling and Tracking Generic Dynamic 3D Environments*
A Flexble Soluton for Modelng and Trang Gener Dynam 3D Envronments* Radu Danesu, Member, IEEE, and Sergu Nedevsh, Member, IEEE Abstrat The traff envronment s a dynam and omplex 3D sene, whh needs aurate
More informationLoop Permutation. Loop Transformations for Parallelism & Locality. Legality of Loop Interchange. Loop Interchange (cont)
Loop Transformatons for Parallelsm & Localty Prevously Data dependences and loops Loop transformatons Parallelzaton Loop nterchange Today Loop nterchange Loop transformatons and transformaton frameworks
More informationSENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING USING A CALCULATOR
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING USING A CALCULATOR Judth Aronow Rchard Jarvnen Independent Consultant Dept of Math/Stat 559 Frost Wnona State Unversty Beaumont, TX 7776 Wnona, MN 55987 aronowju@hal.lamar.edu
More informationK-means and Hierarchical Clustering
Note to other teachers and users of these sldes. Andrew would be delghted f you found ths source materal useful n gvng your own lectures. Feel free to use these sldes verbatm, or to modfy them to ft your
More information