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1 Paper Code: MCA-108 Paper ID : Second Semester [MCA] MAY-JUNE 2006 Q. 1 Describe the following in brief :- (3 x 5 = 15) (a) QUADRATIC SURFACES (b) RGB Color Models. (c) BSP Tree (d) Solid Modeling (e) Principal Vanishing Point Q. 2 (a) What is the advantage of using homogenous coordinates? Consider the square (0,0), (0,2), (2,0), (2,2). Perform a composite transformation of the square by using the following steps. (Give the coordinates of the square at each intermediate steps.) (i) Scale by using S x =2 and S y =3. (ii) Rotate of 45 0 in the anticlockwise direction. (iii) Translate by using T x =3 and T y =5. (6) (b) Describe B-Splines and their application in detail. (4) (c) What do you understand by intensity interpolation? Explain Goraud shading. (5) SECTION -B Note: Section-A is compulsory. Attempt any three question from section-b Q. 3 (a) Discuss Bresenham s Circle Drawing algorithm. Trace the algorithm to determine first TEN points of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25. (6) b) Discuss Z-Buffer algorithm in detail. (4) Q. 4 (a) Define Scissoring Process. Describe Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping algorithm in details. (6) (b) Write the empirical model for calculating specular reflection range given in the Phong Model. (4) Q. 5 (a) Determine the Bezier Curve with four control points. Discuss the importance of Bernstein Polynomials. (10)
2 Q. 6 (a) Discuss Julia Set and Mandelbrot set. (5) (b) Why are hidden surface algorithm needed? Explain Oct-trees method for visible surface determination. (5) Q. 7 (a) What are the applications of fractals in computer generated graphics? (3) (b) How can sweeps be used for solid modeling? Discuss their limitations and possible methods to overcome these. (5) (c) What is Ray Tracing? (2) Q. 8 (a) How can a 3-D object be viewed by human eyes? Differentiate between different method? (4) (b) If you were an architect and needed to determine the dimensions of an object, which projection would you use and why? Classify these projections. (6)
3 Paper Code: MCA-108 Second Semester [MCA] MAY 2005 Note: Q. 1 is compulsory. Attempt one question from each unit. Q. 1 (a) What is scan conversion? 1 (b) What do you mean by persistence? 1 (c) What is aspect ratio? How do we calculate it? 1½ (d) What are two difference methods for producing color display with CRT? 1 (e) What do you mean by homogeneous co-ordinate? Give example. 1½ (f) Give difference between parametric continuity and geometric continuity. 1½ (g) Define vanishing points. 1½ (h) Enumerate various types of parallel projections. 2 (i) What do you mean by centre of projection. 1 (j)write the generalized Euler s formula and verify it for 2 (k) Give an example of CSG. 2 (l) Write rotation matrices for rotation in 3D about the coordinate axis. 3 (m) Why do we use parametric representation of curves? 1 Q. 2 Describe the rotation of an object about an axis A, which is not parallel to any of the three co-ordinate axis of the co-ordinate system. 10
4 Q. 3 Describe Sutherland-cohn clipping algorithm. Hence, clip the lines AB, CD and EF with respect to rectangle/ window PQRS. 10 E F S R A C P Q R UNIT II Q. 4 (a) Derive the basics matrix for cubic Bezier curve. Give also the corresponding Bernstein Polynomials. 8 (b) What are conditions for smoothly joining the two Bezier curve segment. 2 Q. 5 (a) What do you mean by knot (values) in B-splines. Define the various types of knot vectors and give the effect of such knot vectors on the shape of the curve. 6 (b) Describe a method of scan conversion of a curve. 4 UNIT III Q. 6 (a) What do you mean by parallel projection and perspective projection? 2 (b) Drive a matrix for the projection of a point p(x, y, z) onto a projection plane at a distance Z P from the origin and perpendicular to z-axis. 8 Q. 7 (a) What are the various ways of representing solids? Describe briefly the properties of solid representation scheme. 6 (b) Describe one hierarchical representation scheme. 4 UNIT IV Q. 8 (a) Describe specular reflection model and the computation of reflection vector. 2½ (b) What are difference(s) between Grourad and Phonge shading. 2½ (c) Write the pseudocode for z-buffer algorithm. 5 Q. 9 Describe the steps of Depth-sort algorithm
5 Paper Code: MCA-207 Third Semester [MCA] DECEMBER 2004 Note: Attempt any five questions. Q. 1 (a) Explain Bresenham s line drawing algorithm. Give the advantages of this algorithm over DDA algorithm. 7 (b) Compute the intermediate prints on the line drawn from (0,0) to (5, 10) using Bresenham s algorithm. 5 Q. 2 (a) Explain Cyrus-Beck parameter line clipping algorithm. 6 (b) Compute coordinate of points of circle drawn with centre at (0,0) and radius 6, using mid point circle algorithm. 6 Q. 3 (a) Define window to viewport transformation. 6 (b) Compute 2D transformation matrix for rotating a point (12, 6) about the point (3, 2) by an angle 30 0 in clockwise direction. 6 Q. 4 (a) Explain YIQ color model. How it can be obtained from RGB model? and why is it used in commercial color television broadcasting? (b) Explain the design and working of a color shadow marks CRT. 6 Q. 5 (a) Give the comparison of Gourands Phoring Shading Techniques. 6 (b) Explain 2 buffer algorithm per hidden surface removal. 6 Q. 6 (a) Write a program to display parametric cubic curves using forward differences and recursive sub division. 6 (b) Explain principle of working of Roster Scan display system. 6 Q. 7 (a) Explain Multipass Transformation and its application in image processing. 7 (b) What is image filtering? Why is it required? 5 Q. 8 Write notes on any two :- (a) Solid modeling (b) Volume Rendering (c) Fractul models
6 Paper Code: MCA-207 Third Semester [MCA] MAY 2003 Note: Attempt any six questions. Q. 1 (a) Explain in detail the Bresenham s circle algorithm. 5 (b) Consider the line from (0, 0) to (-8, -4) in the third quadrant. Evaluate the steps in the DDA algorithm. 5 Q. 2 (a) Derive the window to viewpoint transformation. 5 (b) Derive the transformation for parallel projection. 5 Q. 3 Determine the blending function for uniform, periodic B-spline curves for d=3, n=3. 10 Q. 4 A point (10, 10) is to be reflected about a line, y= 2x in 2-D. Find out the coordinate of the reflected point. 10 Q. 5 (a) Find out a composite matrix for scaling in 2D about an arbitrary point (X 0, Y 0 ). The scaling parameters are S x & S y 5 (b) What is modeling? What are the approaches to achieve a model? 5 Q. 6 (a) Write Sutherland-Hodgman Polygon clipping algorithm. 7 (b)explain the term transparency used in computer graphics. 3 Q. 7 Derive a composite matrix for reflection about the line y = x in 2-D. 10 Q. 8 Describe the working principle of LCD displays? What are there advantages over CRT displays? What are their applications? 10 Q. 9 What do you understand by Projection? What are the various prospective projection anomalies? 10 Q. 10 Explain the following terms :- 10 (a) GKS (b) Structure of display file (c) Raster scan (d) Transformation (e) Function set design
7 Paper Code: MCA-207 Third Semester [MCA] DECEMBER 2002 Note: Attempt any six questions. Q. 1 is compulsory. Q. 1 Describe the following in brief :- 2 x 10 (a) Clipping (b) Locator Devices (c) Addressability and Resolution (d) QUADRIC Surface (e) JPEG (f) RGB color Mode (g) Octress (h) Special Effects with Images (i) Particle system (j) Thermal transfer printer. Q. 2 (a) Discuss ONE method to scan-convert an ellipse. 4 (b) Why do you need clipping? Discuss Cohen- Sutherland algorithm for line clipping in detail. 4 Q. 3 (a) Discuss the functioning of a typical Video Processor. 4 (b) How and why do you achieve Window-to-viewport transformation? 4 Q. 4 (a) It is easier to locate hidden surface with parallel projection. Explain you agreement or disagreement with the statement. 4 (b) What is meant by Hermite, Bezier and Spline Curves? Explain any one of these curves. Explain any one of the curve in detail. 4 Q. 5 (a) What do you understand by Ray Casting? Explain one method of ray casting. 5 (b) Discuss problems associated with Interpolated- shading of objects. 3
8 Q. 6 (a) What do you understand by Transparency? Describe all classes of transparencies you have studied. 4 (b) Discuss important efficiency considerations to be made while pursuing Recursive Ray Tracing. 4 Q. 7 (a) Define the term image, Filtering and Image Processing. 4 (b) What do you understand by Image composition? Explain one method of image composition. 4 Q. 8 (a) Describe at least one method of modeling a natural object. 4 (b) Explain multi-pass transformation
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