Development of a Simulation Method of Three-Dimensional Ultrafine Processing by Femtosecond Laser Shunsuke Nabetani 1, a, Hideki Aoyama 1, b * 1, 2, c
|
|
- Erica Goodwin
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Development of a Simulation Method of Three-Dimensional Ultrafine Processing by Femtosecond Laser Shunsuke Nabetani 1, a, Hideki Aoyama 1, b * 1,, c, Masahiro Ueda Yoshinori Ogawa 1,, d 1,, 3, e, and Kazuo Yamazaki 1 Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 3-85 Japan 511A Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA C, Bainer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA a nabetani@ddm.sd.keio.ac.jp, b haoyama@sd.keio.ac.jp, c m-ueda@berkeley.edu d y-ogawa@berkeley.edu, e kyamazaki@ucdavis.edu Keywords: femtosecond laser, processing simulation, laser ablation Abstract. A femtosecond laser can achieve high quality processing for multiple materials without thermal metamorphism; therefore, it can be applied to ultrafine processing of advanced functional materials that are difficult to machine. For high quality and high efficiency processing of difficult-to-machine materials, it is necessary to characterize the laser material interactions and develop a laser processing simulation and CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) systems. In this study, a simulation method for processing three-dimensional ultrafine shapes using a femtosecond laser is developed. Introduction A femtosecond laser is a pulsed laser with a pulse width in the femtosecond range; this enables high precision processing of high-hardness materials that are otherwise difficult to cut and dielectric materials that are difficult to process using conventional laser systems and electric discharge machining [1, ]. Therefore, femtosecond lasers are expected to be used to process materials that have useful properties, such as sapphire and diamond, but are otherwise difficult to process. In order to process materials to a desired shape using a femtosecond laser, a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) system based on the ablation characteristics is required. However, to the best of our knowledge, such a system has not been developed. The femtosecond laser processing method has a shortcoming that affects the development of a CAM system: it is difficult to predict the processed shape. As such, it is necessary to profile the processed shape under various conditions (such as laser parameters, material properties, scanning speed, and processing path). While it is essential to conduct experiments to investigate processing characteristics, trial and error experimental approaches are costly and inefficient. Therefore, a simulation system based on experimental results and the principles of interactions between femtosecond lasers and materials is required. A three-dimensional processing simulation system using a femtosecond laser enables reproduction of the processed shape under various conditions with only the basic experimental data, and such a system is greatly useful for the development of the CAM system. In processing using a femtosecond laser, a phenomenon called "ablation," which is the process of removing material by focusing and irradiating the laser pulse onto a surface, is utilized. It is necessary to experimentally investigate the ablation characteristics of the material of interest in the development of the simulation system. Experimental investigation of ablation characteristics for various substances has been reported [3, 4]. In this study, the focus is on dependence of the ablation rate on the fluence for prediction of the processed shape. The ablation rate is the depth that can be processed per pulse. It was reported in a previous study
2 that the processed shape can be predicted using measurement data of the fluence dependence of the ablation rate [5], because the laser intensity distribution corresponds to the processed shape in femtosecond laser processing. By utilizing this property, three-dimensional processing simulations can be realized from experimental data. Based on the above, in this study, a femtosecond laser processing simulation method focusing on the fluence-dependence of ablation rate is proposed. First, a simulation method of single-shot ablation is proposed and evaluated for the measured shape. Then, the method is extended to simulations using multi-shot ablation, and pocket fabrication by scanning irradiation is simulated. Simulation of Single-shot Ablation Simulation Method. In this study, a threedimensional processing simulation method is proposed based on the principle that the processed shape depends on the intensity distribution of the beam of the femtosecond laser. The simulation program is written using Microsoft Visual C The simulation results are displayed using MATLAB. The flow of the simulation is as follows. First, as shown in the left side of Fig. 1, the surface of the material on which the laser pulse is irradiated is divided into a uniform mesh. The incident fluence on each mesh point can be calculated from Eq. (1) using the radial distance from the center axis of the beam r [6]: F r r = F exp ω, (1) where F is the peak fluence and ω is the beam spot radius. Next, the ablation rate L corresponding to the incident fluence F is calculated from the fitting function of the measurement data. For the fitting function, the following logarithmic function of degree n is used: ln ln n L= a + a1 F + + a F. () n Laser Pulse Distance Distance r r Fig. 1 Ablation model Degree n is in the range of 1 to 3, and determined a value at which the fitting curve fits the measurement data most. The mesh point height is set according to the height of the target material and is divided by 1/1 of the surface mesh size. By lowering the mesh point height per the ablation rate calculated from Eq., the processed shape is simulated as shown on the right side of Fig. 1. Comparison of Simulation Results and Measurement Data. Using the proposed simulation method, single-shot ablation of corundum is simulated. Data on fluence dependence of ablation rate was extracted from the plot of measurement data by Guizard et al. [7]. Fig. shows the results of fitting Eq. to the measurement data with for n = 3. The obtained fitting function is expressed by Eq. 3:
3 3 L= ln F 7. ln F ln F. (3) Simulations are performed using Eq. 3. The distance between mesh points are 1 nm. The simulation result of a crater formed by vertically irradiating a corundum surface with a laser pulse of peak fluence 5.5 J/cm is shown in Fig. 3. The beam spot radius at full-width half-maximum (FWHM) was set to 1 μm, similar to that in Ref. [7]. This result is compared with the data extracted from the crater shape plot measured by Guizard et al. [7]. Since the measurement data is the shape of the cross section of the crater, it is compared with a cross section parallel to the y-z plane passing through the Fig. Ablation rate versus fluence [7] beam axis of the simulation result. The results of the comparison are shown in Fig. 4. The crater shape of the simulation result is qualitatively close to the crater measured. The maximum depth and the hole diameter were set as evaluation criteria, and the respective values are summarized in Table 1. Percentage error is obtained from Eq. 4. The percentage errors in the maximum depth and the hole diameter are 1% and 4%, respectively, and the usefulness of the simulation method is confirmed. ( Measurement Value) ( Simulation Value) ( Measurement Value) Error Rate = 1. (4) Fig. 3 Simulation result of singleshot ablation Fig. 4 Comparison of sectional shapes of craters [7] Table 1 Maximum depth and crater diameter comparisons Data Maximum Depth [nm] Crater Diameter [μm] Measurement Simulation
4 Simulation of Multi-shot Ablation Extension of Simulation Method. When a material is processed using a femtosecond laser, processing is performed by multi-shot ablation, in which repeated pulses irradiate the target. Since the shape of the material changes during processing, the laser is not normally incident. Therefore, in order to simulate multi-shot ablation, it is necessary to extend the abovementioned simulation method to take the influence of the angle of incidence into account. In the case of non-normal incidence, it is necessary to take into account the change in the direction of travel of light inside the material due to refraction, and the change in intensity reflectance. Considering the above, reconstruct the model of the ablation. In the proposed simulation method, ablation by a laser pulse is modeled as a set of ablations by each laser pulse incident on a mesh point. First, model the pulse as a set of rays. As shown in Fig. 5(a), each ray advances in the refraction direction per the ablation rate corresponding to the incident fluence. Incident fluence is calculated based on the Gaussian distribution and then corrected based on the intensity reflectance [8]. Then, as shown in Fig. 5(b), it is assumed that the ray has a cylindrical volume and the material in that cylindrical area with the ray as its central axis is removed. A set of removal regions formed by each ray is taken as a processed shape, and the mesh point height is changed accordingly to model the ablation by laser pulses. Similar to the single-shot case, a fitting function for the fluence dependency of the ablation rate is used for calculation of the ablation rate. Incidence Surface Ray of Laser Angle of Incidence Ray of Laser Incidence Surface Removal Area Refraction Angle Ablation Rate (a) Fig. 5 Ablation model (b) When simulation is performed according to this model, it is necessary to set the incidence surface in order to define the angle of incidence of each ray. For this reason, as shown in Fig. 6, the least squares plane, where the square of the height difference from the mesh point of interest and surrounding points is minimized, is regarded as the incidence surface. The angle of incidence, the intensity reflectance, and the refraction vector can be obtained from the normal vector of the incidence surface. The direction of travel of the ray after refraction is determined by the obtained refraction vector. Incidence Surface Incidence Point Fig. 6 Setting of incidence surface
5 When simulating multi-shot ablation with this model, the incident fluence on each mesh point cannot be calculated from Eq. (1) because the incident fluence depends not only on r but also z, axial distance from the beam s waist. The beam spot radius on z is expressed as [9]: ω ( r) 1 λz = ω + πω, (5) The pulse energy is expressed as: E pulse πω F z z = (, ) = π rf r z dr, (6) Then, from Eq. (1), (5) and (6), the incident fluence can be calculated as: E, exp pulse r = F rz πω ( z) ω ( z), (7) Simulation Result. Simulation of pocket fabrication by multi-shot ablation is performed using the proposed 3 μm method. The distance between mesh points are 1 5 nm. As with simulation of a single-shot, the peak 5 μm fluence was set to 5.5 J/cm and the beam spot radius 4 was set to 1 μm (FWHM). Scanning irradiation was 3 performed in the path shown in Fig. 7 with a spacing of 1 μm between pulses in the x direction. The laser Y 1 wavelength was set at 8 nm, and the refractive index of corundum was set at Fig. 8(a) shows a pocket X of 1 layer, and Fig. 8(b) shows a pocket of 1 layers. Since there is no measurement data for multi-shot Fig. 7 Scanning path ablation, it is not possible to compare and verify the proposed method at this time. However, if the usefulness of this simulation method can be confirmed, it would be possible to simulate processed shape with arbitrary laser parameters and in arbitrary scanning paths, which could be useful for CAM system development. (a) (b) Fig. 8 Simulation results of pocket fabrication
6 Conclusion In this research, a simulation method based on experimental data was proposed for the development of a femtosecond laser processing CAM system. In the proposed method, the focus was on dependence of the ablation rate on the fluence, and single-shot ablation was simulated by correlating the distribution of incident fluence to the crater shape. The usefulness of the proposed method was confirmed by comparison with measurement data. Then, a simulation method for multi-shot ablation was proposed by extending this method to include the influences of reflection and refraction in the case of non-normal incidence. As a result, processing simulation with arbitrary laser parameters and in arbitrary scanning paths was achieved. In future work, multi-shot ablation simulation results will be compared with experimental results, and the proposed method will be evaluated for suitability. Furthermore, the number of pulses and repetition rate dependence of ablation rate [4, 1] will be incorporated into the simulation. References [1] C. Momma, B.N. Chekhov, S. Nolte, F. von Alvensleben, A. Tünnermann, H. Welling, B. Wellegehausen, Short-pulse laser ablation of solid targets, Optics Communications, Vol. 19 (1996), pp [] D. Ashkenasi, A. Rosenfeld, H. Varel, M. Wähmer, E.E.B. Campbell, Laser processing of sapphire with picosecond and sub-picosecond pulses, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 1 (1997), pp [3] M. Hashida, A. Semerok, O. Gobert, G. Petite, J.-F. Wagner, Ablation thresholds of metals with femtosecond laser pulses, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 443, Nonresonant Laser-Matter Interaction (NLMI-1) (1), pp [4] M.E. Shaheen, J.E. Gagnon, B.J. Fryer, Experimental study on 785 nm femtosecond laser ablation of sapphire in air, Laser Physics Letters, Vol. 1, No. 6 (15), 6613 (9 pp). [5] M. Fujita, M. Hashida, Femtosecond-Laser Processing, Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 81 (5), pp [6] A. Ben-Yakar, R.L. Byer, Femtosecond laser ablation properties of borosilicate glass, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 96, No. 9 (4), pp [7] S. Guizard, A. Semerok, J. Gaudin, M. Hashida, P. Martin, F. Quéré, Femtosecond laser ablation of transparent dielectrics: measurement and modelisation of crater profiles, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 186 (), pp [8] E. Hecht, Optics, 4th Ed. (), pp.111-1, Addison Wesley. [9] O. Svelto, Principle of Lasers, 5th Ed. (1), p.153. [1] J. Cheng, W. Perrie, S. P. Edwardson, E. Fearon, G. Dearden, K.G. Watkins, Effects of laser operating parameters on metals micromachining with ultrafast lasers, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 56 (9), pp
Feasibility of Laser Induced Plasma Micro-machining (LIP-MM)
Feasibility of Laser Induced Plasma Micro-machining (LIP-MM) Kumar Pallav 1, Kornel F. Ehmann 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208, USA {kumarpallav2008@u.northwestern.edu,
More informationratio of the volume under the 2D MTF of a lens to the volume under the 2D MTF of a diffraction limited
SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES.9 Strehl ratio (a.u.).5 Singlet Doublet 2 Incident angle (degree) 3 Supplementary Figure. Strehl ratio of the singlet and doublet metasurface lenses. Strehl ratio is the ratio of
More informationApplications of adaptive optics in femtosecond laser material processing
Applications of adaptive optics in femtosecond laser material processing STFC / Photonics KTN - Laser Applications of Adaptive Optics Professor Derryck T. Reid Ultrafast Optics Group School of Engineering
More informationACCURATE TEXTURE MEASUREMENTS ON THIN FILMS USING A POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER
ACCURATE TEXTURE MEASUREMENTS ON THIN FILMS USING A POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER MARK D. VAUDIN NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. Abstract A fast and accurate method that uses a conventional powder x-ray diffractometer
More informationEngineered Diffusers Intensity vs Irradiance
Engineered Diffusers Intensity vs Irradiance Engineered Diffusers are specified by their divergence angle and intensity profile. The divergence angle usually is given as the width of the intensity distribution
More informationNew concepts in ultra-short pulse laser ablation using digital tools
10 th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies [LANE 2018] Industrial Paper New concepts in ultra-short pulse laser ablation using digital tools Alexander Pernizki a, Stephan Eifel a,* a Pulsar Photonics
More informationDevelopment of automated ultraviolet laser beam profiling system using fluorometric technique
Development of automated ultraviolet laser beam profiling system using fluorometric technique BB Shrivastava*, NS Benerji, P Bhatnagar, HS Vora a and U Nundy Chemical and Excimer Laser Section a Laser
More informationEnhanced optical absorptance of metals using interferometric femtosecond ablation
Enhanced optical absorptance of metals using interferometric femtosecond ablation K. Paivasaari, J. J. J. Kaakkunen, M. Kuittinen and T. Jaaskelainen Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of
More informationRecent Advances in Ultrafast Laser Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing
Industrial Affiliates Symposium March 16-18, 2017 Recent Advances in Ultrafast Laser Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing Xiaoming Yu Assistant Professor Ultrafast Laser Processing Group CREOL, The College
More informationInnovations in beam shaping & illumination applications
Innovations in beam shaping & illumination applications David L. Shealy Department of Physics University of Alabama at Birmingham E-mail: dls@uab.edu Innovation Novelty The introduction of something new
More informationHOLOGRAPHIC FEMTOSECOND LASER PROCESSING AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 2, 115 123, 2008 HOLOGRAPHIC FEMTOSECOND LASER PROCESSING AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES Y. Hayasaki Department of Optical Science
More informationLASCAD Tutorial No. 2: Modeling a laser cavity with side pumped rod
LASCAD Tutorial No. 2: Modeling a laser cavity with side pumped rod Revised January 19, 2009 Copyright 2006-2009 LAS-CAD GmbH Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents 1 Starting LASCAD and Defining a Simple
More informationShort pulse laser milling effects on surface integrity. P V Petkov, S S Dimov, R. Minev and D T Pham
Short pulse laser milling effects on surface integrity P V Petkov, S S Dimov, R. Minev and D T Pham Presentation Outline 2 Overview Process description Experiments & Results Conclusions Overview 3 Pictures
More informationdq dt I = Irradiance or Light Intensity is Flux Φ per area A (W/m 2 ) Φ =
Radiometry (From Intro to Optics, Pedrotti -4) Radiometry is measurement of Emag radiation (light) Consider a small spherical source Total energy radiating from the body over some time is Q total Radiant
More informationCoupling of surface roughness to the performance of computer-generated holograms
Coupling of surface roughness to the performance of computer-generated holograms Ping Zhou* and Jim Burge College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA *Corresponding author:
More informationLaser milling for micro tooling
Laser milling for micro tooling D T Pham, S S Dimov, P V Petkov and T Dobrev Manufacturing Engineering Centre,Cardiff University, UK Abstract Laser milling provides a new method of producing components
More informationSensor based adaptive laser micromachining using ultrashort pulse lasers for zero-failure manufacturing
Sensor based adaptive laser micromachining using ultrashort pulse lasers for zero-failure manufacturing Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen M. Sc. Guilherme Mallmann Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert
More informationLIGHT SCATTERING THEORY
LIGHT SCATTERING THEORY Laser Diffraction (Static Light Scattering) When a Light beam Strikes a Particle Some of the light is: Diffracted Reflected Refracted Absorbed and Reradiated Reflected Refracted
More informationPhysics Midterm I
Phys121 - February 6, 2009 1 Physics 121 - Midterm I Last Name First Name Student Number Signature Tutorial T.A. (circle one): Ricky Chu Firuz Demir Maysam Emadi Alireza Jojjati Answer ALL 10 questions.
More informationExperiment 6. Snell s Law. Use Snell s Law to determine the index of refraction of Lucite.
Experiment 6 Snell s Law 6.1 Objectives Use Snell s Law to determine the index of refraction of Lucite. Observe total internal reflection and calculate the critical angle. Explain the basis of how optical
More informationUltrafast Laser Patterning of Thin Films on 3-D Shaped Surfaces for Strain Sensor Applications
JLMN-Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering Vol. 7, No. 3, 01 Ultrafast Laser Patterning of Thin Films on 3-D Shaped Surfaces for Strain Sensor Applications Jan Friedrich DUESING, Oliver SUTTMANN, Juergen
More informationText for the class, Pump-Probe Technique for Picosecond Time-resolved X-ray Diffraction at Cheiron School
BL19LXU Yoshihito Tanaka, Oct. 2013 Text for the class, Pump-Probe Technique for Picosecond Time-resolved X-ray Diffraction at Cheiron School Abstract The pulsed time structure of synchrotron radiation
More informationCompany Pioneer in Ytterbium ultrafast lasers High quality manufacturing Intense and active R&D Located in Bordeaux and Paris US offices in Boston and
High power ultrafast lasers Eric Mottay High Brightness Laser sources Burgdorf, November 26, 2009 Company Pioneer in Ytterbium ultrafast lasers High quality manufacturing Intense and active R&D Located
More informationdq dt I = Irradiance or Light Intensity is Flux Φ per area A (W/m 2 ) Φ =
Radiometry (From Intro to Optics, Pedrotti -4) Radiometry is measurement of Emag radiation (light) Consider a small spherical source Total energy radiating from the body over some time is Q total Radiant
More informationAP Physics Problems -- Waves and Light
AP Physics Problems -- Waves and Light 1. 1975-4 (Physical Optics) a. Light of a single wavelength is incident on a single slit of width w. (w is a few wavelengths.) Sketch a graph of the intensity as
More informationPrac%ce Quiz 6. These are Q s from old quizzes. I do not guarantee that the Q s on this year s quiz will be the same, or even similar.
Prac%ce Quiz 6 These are Q s from old quizzes. I do not guarantee that the Q s on this year s quiz will be the same, or even similar. B You see an airplane straight overhead at an altitude of 5.2km. Sound
More informationGaussian Beam Calculator for Creating Coherent Sources
Gaussian Beam Calculator for Creating Coherent Sources INTRODUCTION Coherent sources are represented in FRED using a superposition of Gaussian beamlets. The ray grid spacing of the source is used to determine
More informationThree-Dimensional Measurement of Objects in Liquid with an Unknown Refractive Index Using Fisheye Stereo Camera
Three-Dimensional Measurement of Objects in Liquid with an Unknown Refractive Index Using Fisheye Stereo Camera Kazuki Sakamoto, Alessandro Moro, Hiromitsu Fujii, Atsushi Yamashita, and Hajime Asama Abstract
More information2011 Optical Science & Engineering PhD Qualifying Examination Optical Sciences Track: Advanced Optics Time allowed: 90 minutes
2011 Optical Science & Engineering PhD Qualifying Examination Optical Sciences Track: Advanced Optics Time allowed: 90 minutes Answer all four questions. All questions count equally. 3(a) A linearly polarized
More informationFundamental Optics for DVD Pickups. The theory of the geometrical aberration and diffraction limits are introduced for
Chapter Fundamental Optics for DVD Pickups.1 Introduction to basic optics The theory of the geometrical aberration and diffraction limits are introduced for estimating the focused laser beam spot of a
More informationEfficient metal processing using high average power ultrafast laser
Efficient metal processing using high average power ultrafast laser Strasbourg, September 13 th, 2017 J. Lopez J. Lopez et al., Journal of Laser Micro and Nanofabrication, submitted (2017) G. Mincuzzi
More informationDOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB COMPUTATIONAL OPTICS
DOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB COMPUTATIONAL OPTICS RAYLEIGH-SOMMERFELD DIFFRACTION RECTANGULAR APERTURES Ian Cooper School of Physics, University of Sydney ian.cooper@sydney.edu.au DOWNLOAD DIRECTORY FOR MATLAB
More informationHistorical Perspective of Laser Beam Shaping
Historical Perspective of Laser Beam Shaping David L. Shealy University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Physics, 1530 3rd Avenue South, CH310 Birmingham, AL 35294-1170 USA 1 OUTLINE Note some current
More informationHow to compute thermal lensing for a laser cavity with side pumped rod?
Tutorial 2: How to compute thermal lensing for a laser cavity with side pumped rod? Copyright 2004 LAS-CAD GmbH Table of Contents 1. Starting LASCAD and Defining a Simple Laser Cavity... 2 2. Defining
More informationMeasurements using three-dimensional product imaging
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 10 Special Issue 3/2010 41 46 7/3 Measurements using
More informationTime-Resolved measurements by FEL spontaneous emission: A proposal for sub-picosecond pumps & probe structural and spectrometric investigations
Time-Resolved measurements by FEL spontaneous emission: A proposal for sub-picosecond pumps & probe structural and spectrometric investigations V. Rossi Albertini, B. Paci & P. Perfetti Istituto di Struttura
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 183 (2017 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 183 (2017 ) 369 374 17th International Conference on Sheet Metal, SHEMET17 Reverse analysis of scan strategies for controlled
More informationCoherent Gradient Sensing Microscopy: Microinterferometric Technique. for Quantitative Cell Detection
Coherent Gradient Sensing Microscopy: Microinterferometric Technique for Quantitative Cell Detection Proceedings of the SEM Annual Conference June 7-10, 010 Indianapolis, Indiana USA 010 Society for Experimental
More informationaxis, and wavelength tuning is achieved by translating the grating along a scan direction parallel to the x
Exponential-Grating Monochromator Kenneth C. Johnson, October 0, 08 Abstract A monochromator optical design is described, which comprises a grazing-incidence reflection and two grazing-incidence mirrors,
More informationLasers PH 645/ OSE 645/ EE 613 Summer 2010 Section 1: T/Th 2:45-4:45 PM Engineering Building 240
Lasers PH 645/ OSE 645/ EE 613 Summer 2010 Section 1: T/Th 2:45-4:45 PM Engineering Building 240 John D. Williams, Ph.D. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 406 Optics Building - UAHuntsville,
More informationExperimental Competition
Please read this first: Experimental Competition Saturday, June 30 th, 001 1. The time available is 5 hours for the experimental competition.. Use only the pen provided. 3. Use only the front side of the
More informationDevelopment and validation of a short-lag spatial coherence theory for photoacoustic imaging
Development and validation of a short-lag spatial coherence theory for photoacoustic imaging Michelle T. Graham 1 and Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell 1,2 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns
More informationJournal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing
123456789 Bulletin of the JSME Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing Vol.1, No.5, 216 Investigation on the three-dimensional light intensity distribution of the fringe patterns
More informationOptical diffraction gratings embedded in BK-7 glass by low-density plasma formation using femtosecond laser
Optical diffraction gratings embedded in BK-7 glass by low-density plasma formation using femtosecond laser Jung-Kyu PARK 1, Sung-Hak CHO 1, Kwang-Ho KIM 2, Myung-Chang KANG 2 1. Nano Machining Laboratory,
More informationChapter 38. Diffraction Patterns and Polarization
Chapter 38 Diffraction Patterns and Polarization Diffraction Light of wavelength comparable to or larger than the width of a slit spreads out in all forward directions upon passing through the slit This
More informationMeasurement of Highly Parabolic Mirror using Computer Generated Hologram
Measurement of Highly Parabolic Mirror using Computer Generated Hologram Taehee Kim a, James H. Burge b, Yunwoo Lee c a Digital Media R&D Center, SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon city, Kyungki-do,
More informationFast Response Fresnel Liquid Crystal Lens for 2D/3D Autostereoscopic Display
Invited Paper Fast Response Fresnel Liquid Crystal Lens for 2D/3D Autostereoscopic Display Yi-Pai Huang* b, Chih-Wei Chen a, Yi-Ching Huang a a Department of Photonics & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering,
More informationFour-zone reflective polarization conversion plate
Four-zone reflective polarization conversion plate A.G. Nalimov a,b, S.S. Stafeev* a,b, L, O Faolain c, V.V. Kotlyar a,b a Image Processing Systems Institute of the RAS, 151 Molodogvardeyskaya st., Samara,
More informationTEAMS National Competition High School Version Photometry 25 Questions
TEAMS National Competition High School Version Photometry 25 Questions Page 1 of 14 Telescopes and their Lenses Although telescopes provide us with the extraordinary power to see objects miles away, the
More informationAutomatic NC Part. Programming Interface for a UV Laser Ablation Tool
Automatic NC Part Programming Interface for a UV Laser Ablation Tool by Emir Mutapcic Dr. Pio Iovenitti Dr. Jason Hayes Abstract This research project commenced in December 2001 and it is expected to be
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Technology 15 (2014 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 15 (2014 ) 122 128 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence: Challenges for Product and Production Engineering
More informationReflection, Refraction and Polarization of Light
Reflection, Refraction and Polarization of Light Physics 246/Spring2012 In today's laboratory several properties of light, including the laws of reflection, refraction, total internal reflection and polarization,
More informationRefraction and Polarization of Light
Chapter 9 Refraction and Polarization of Light Name: Lab Partner: Section: 9.1 Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate several consequences of the fact that materials have di erent indexes
More informationModel REEF-SS ASF-200
1 Femtosecond Single Shot Autocorrelator Model REEF-SS ASF-200 INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4119 Twilight Ridge, San Diego, CA 92130 USA Tel::858.876.3133 Fax::858.630.2376 2 The Single Shot Autocorrelator (SSA)
More informationGeometric Optics. The Law of Reflection. Physics Waves & Oscillations 3/20/2016. Spring 2016 Semester Matthew Jones
Physics 42200 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 27 Propagation of Light Hecht, chapter 5 Spring 2016 Semester Matthew Jones Geometric Optics Typical problems in geometric optics: Given an optical system, what
More informationSupplemental information. Appendix to Wavelength-scale light concentrator made by direct 3D laser writing of polymer metamaterials
Supplemental information Appendix to Wavelength-scale light concentrator made by direct 3D laser writing of polymer metamaterials J. Moughames 1,2, S. Jradi 1, T.M. Chan 3, S. Akil 4, Y. Battie 4, A. En
More informationJournal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing
A Study on Error Compensation on High Precision Machine Tool System Using a 2D Laser Holographic Scale System* (First Report: Scale Development and Two Dimensional Motion Error Compensation Method) Toru
More informationFig. 1 Gaussian distribution of laser beam
hotopolymer Solidification for Inclined Laser Exposure Conditions Young Hyun Kim*, Jong Seon Lim*, In Hwan Lee*, Ho-Chan Kim *School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheonju, S.
More informationReflection and Image Formation by Mirrors
Purpose Theory a. To study the reflection of light Reflection and Image Formation by Mirrors b. To study the formation and characteristics of images formed by different types of mirrors. When light (wave)
More information3D Measurement of Transparent Vessel and Submerged Object Using Laser Range Finder
3D Measurement of Transparent Vessel and Submerged Object Using Laser Range Finder Hirotoshi Ibe Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka
More informationHome Lab 7 Refraction, Ray Tracing, and Snell s Law
Home Lab Week 7 Refraction, Ray Tracing, and Snell s Law Home Lab 7 Refraction, Ray Tracing, and Snell s Law Activity 7-1: Snell s Law Objective: Verify Snell s law Materials Included: Laser pointer Cylindrical
More informationDETERMINATION OF BREWSTER S ANGLE FOR GLASS AND PLASTIC USING A POLARIZED MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT SOURCE. Utsav Hanspal. Physics Honors Research Paper
DETERMINATION OF BREWSTER S ANGLE FOR GLASS AND PLASTIC USING A POLARIZED MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT SOURCE Utsav Hanspal Physics Honors Research Paper Dr. Watson Hanspal 2 INTRODUCTION When light moves between
More informationAP* Optics Free Response Questions
AP* Optics Free Response Questions 1978 Q5 MIRRORS An object 6 centimeters high is placed 30 centimeters from a concave mirror of focal length 10 centimeters as shown above. (a) On the diagram above, locate
More informationText for the class, Pump and probe technique for picosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction at the Cheiron School
Yoshihito Tanaka, Kiminori Ito Oct. 3-4, 2011 Text for the class, Pump and probe technique for picosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction at the Cheiron School 1. Introduction 1-1. Purpose The pulsed nature
More informationMode-Field Diameter and Spot Size Measurements of Lensed and Tapered Specialty Fibers
Mode-Field Diameter and Spot Size Measurements of Lensed and Tapered Specialty Fibers By Jeffrey L. Guttman, Ph.D., Director of Engineering, Ophir-Spiricon Abstract: The Mode-Field Diameter (MFD) and spot
More informationEffective Medium Theory, Rough Surfaces, and Moth s Eyes
Effective Medium Theory, Rough Surfaces, and Moth s Eyes R. Steven Turley, David Allred, Anthony Willey, Joseph Muhlestein, and Zephne Larsen Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Abstract Optics in the
More informationCondenser Optics for Dark Field X-Ray Microscopy
Condenser Optics for Dark Field X-Ray Microscopy S. J. Pfauntsch, A. G. Michette, C. J. Buckley Centre for X-Ray Science, Department of Physics, King s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK Abstract.
More informationPrac%ce Quiz 6. These are Q s from old quizzes. I do not guarantee that the Q s on this year s quiz will be the same, or even similar.
Prac%ce Quiz 6 These are Q s from old quizzes. I do not guarantee that the Q s on this year s quiz will be the same, or even similar. You see an airplane straight overhead at an altitude of 5.2km. Sound
More informationRefraction and Polarization of Light
Chapter 9 Refraction and Polarization of Light Name: Lab Partner: Section: 9.1 Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate several consequences of the fact that materials have di erent indexes
More informationLight and refractive index
17 Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light incident on a rectangular glass block at point X. W P X air glass Q R S Fig. 7.1 The ray of light is refracted at X. On Fig. 7.1, (a) draw the normal at X, [1] (b) draw
More informationTEAMS National Competition Middle School Version Photometry 25 Questions
TEAMS National Competition Middle School Version Photometry 25 Questions Page 1 of 13 Telescopes and their Lenses Although telescopes provide us with the extraordinary power to see objects miles away,
More informationUltrafast Scan Techniques for 3D-µm Structuring of Metal Surfaces with high repetitive ps-laser pulses
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Physics Procedia 1 (11) 15 115 LiM 11 Ultrafast Scan Techniques for 3D-µm Structuring of Metal Surfaces with high repetitive ps-laser pulses Stephan Bruening a,
More informationS-WAVEPLATE RADIAL/AZIMUTH POLARIZATION CONVERTER
S-WAVEPLATE RADIAL/AZIMUTH POLARIZATION CONVERTER Operation manual Konstitucijos ave. 23 LT-08105 Vilnius, Lithuania Konstitucijos ave. 23C LT-08105 Vilnius, Lithuania tel. +370 5 272 57 38 fax +370 5
More informationIncreasing laser processing efficiency using multibeam and tailored beam profiles
Increasing laser processing efficiency using multibeam and tailored beam profiles Ulrich Rädel TOPAG Lasertechnik GmbH, Darmstadt Overview Presentation of company Topag Increasing processing efficiency
More informationCharacterization of microshells experimented on Laser Megajoule using X-Ray tomography
Characterization of microshells experimented on Laser Megajoule using X-Ray tomography More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=20881 Alexandre Choux, Lise Barnouin, Ludovic Reverdy, Marc Theobald
More informationSIMULATED LIDAR WAVEFORMS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LIGHT PROPAGATION THROUGH A TREE CANOPY
SIMULATED LIDAR WAVEFORMS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LIGHT PROPAGATION THROUGH A TREE CANOPY Angela M. Kim and Richard C. Olsen Remote Sensing Center Naval Postgraduate School 1 University Circle Monterey, CA
More informationTowards building an anatomically correct solid eye model with volumetric representation of retinal morphology
Towards building an anatomically correct solid eye model with volumetric representation of retinal morphology Robert J. Zawadzki a *, T. Scott Rowe b, Alfred R. Fuller c, Bernd Hamann c and John S. Werner
More informationChapter 24. Wave Optics. Wave Optics. The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena
Chapter 24 Wave Optics Wave Optics The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena Interference Diffraction Polarization The particle nature of light was the basis for ray (geometric) optics
More informationSelective Optical Assembly of Highly Uniform. Nanoparticles by Doughnut-Shaped Beams
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Selective Optical Assembly of Highly Uniform Nanoparticles by Doughnut-Shaped Beams Syoji Ito 1,2,3*, Hiroaki Yamauchi 1,2, Mamoru Tamura 4,5, Shimpei Hidaka 4,5, Hironori Hattori
More informationMICRO FABRICATION BY UV LASER PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION
Memoirs Micro of Fabrication the School by of UV Engineering, Laser Photopolymerization Nagoya University Vol.50, No.1/ (1998) 33 MICRO FABRICATION BY UV LASER PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION Katsumi YAMAGUCHI and
More informationULTRASONIC TESTING AND FLAW CHARACTERIZATION. Alex KARPELSON Kinectrics Inc., Toronto, Canada
ULTRASONIC TESTING AND FLAW CHARACTERIZATION Alex KARPELSON Kinectrics Inc., Toronto, Canada 1. Introduction Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a commonly used inspection method. Various techniques are employed
More informationDAMAGE INSPECTION AND EVALUATION IN THE WHOLE VIEW FIELD USING LASER
DAMAGE INSPECTION AND EVALUATION IN THE WHOLE VIEW FIELD USING LASER A. Kato and T. A. Moe Department of Mechanical Engineering Chubu University Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan ABSTRACT In this study, we
More informationDielectric Optical-Controllable Magnifying Lens. by Nonlinear Negative Refraction
Dielectric Optical-Controllable Magnifying Lens by Nonlinear Negative Refraction Jianjun Cao 1, Ce Shang 2, Yuanlin Zheng 1,Yaming Feng, Xianfeng Chen 1,3, Xiaogan Liang 4 and Wenjie Wan 1,2,3* 1 Key Laboratory
More informationSimplified model of ray propagation and outcoupling in TFs.
Supplementary Figure 1 Simplified model of ray propagation and outcoupling in TFs. After total reflection at the core boundary with an angle α, a ray entering the taper (blue line) hits the taper sidewalls
More informationStrategy. Using Strategy 1
Strategy Using Strategy 1 Scan Path / Strategy It is important to visualize the scan path you want for a feature before you begin taking points on your part. You want to try to place your points in a way
More informationDiffraction and Interference of Plane Light Waves
1 Diffraction and Interference of Plane Light Waves Introduction In this experiment you will become familiar with diffraction patterns created when a beam of light scatters from objects placed in its path.
More informationFormula for the asymmetric diffraction peak profiles based on double Soller slit geometry
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS VOLUME 69, NUMBER 6 JUNE 1998 Formula for the asymmetric diffraction peak profiles based on double Soller slit geometry Takashi Ida Department of Material Science, Faculty
More informationDesign, implementation and characterization of a pulse stretcher to reduce the bandwith of a femtosecond laser pulse
BACHELOR Design, implementation and characterization of a pulse stretcher to reduce the bandwith of a femtosecond laser pulse ten Haaf, G. Award date: 2011 Link to publication Disclaimer This document
More informationOption G 1: Refraction
Name: Date: Option G 1: Refraction 1. The table below relates to the electromagnetic spectrum. Complete the table by stating the name of the region of the spectrum and the name of a possible source of
More informationReal-world applications of intense light matter interaction beyond the scope of classical micromachining.
Dr. Lukas Krainer lk@onefive.com CEO Real-world applications of intense light matter interaction beyond the scope of classical micromachining. 1 Management & Company Company Based in Zürich, Switzerland
More informationTwo-dimensional soot aggregate sizing by multi-angle light scattering
Paper # 7DI-254 8 th U. S. National Combustion Meeting Organized by the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute and hosted by the University of Utah May 19-22, 213. Two-dimensional soot aggregate
More informationOptimization of modified volume Fresnel zone plates
Birck Nanotechnology Center Birck and NCN Publications Purdue Libraries Year 2009 Optimization of modified volume Fresnel zone plates Pornsak Srisungsitthisunti Okan Ersoy Xianfan Xu Purdue University,
More informationspeed of light in vacuum = speed of light in the material
Chapter 5 Let Us Entertain You Snell s law states that as light enters a substance such as acrylic (high index of refraction) from air (low index of refraction), the light bends toward the normal. When
More informationDiamond FLQ-Series. Q-Switched Fiber Lasers FEATURES & BENEFITS
Series Q-Switched Fiber Lasers The Coherent Series is a 1 μm pulsed laser delivering 1 mj pulse energy with a fast turn-on time and high peak power (up to 10 kw) over a wide range of repetition rates to
More informationRegular sub-wavelength ripples formation by femtosecond laser pulses on silicon
Regular sub-wavelength ripples formation by femtosecond laser pulses on silicon Yoshiharu Namba, Litao Qi Motohiro Yasui, Kazuhiro Nishii, Hikoharu Aoki (Brother Industries, LTD.) In this research, we
More informationChapter 24. Wave Optics. Wave Optics. The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena
Chapter 24 Wave Optics Wave Optics The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena Interference Diffraction Polarization The particle nature of light was the basis for ray (geometric) optics
More informationLASCAD Tutorial No. 1: Modeling a laser cavity with end pumped rod
LASCAD Tutorial No. 1: Modeling a laser cavity with end pumped rod Revised: January 15, 2009 Copyright 2006-2009 LAS-CAD GmbH Table of Contents 1 Starting LASCAD and Defining a Simple Laser Cavity...1
More informationChapter 3. Physical phenomena: plane parallel plate. This chapter provides an explanation about how rays of light physically behave when
Chapter 3 Physical phenomena: plane parallel plate This chapter provides an explanation about how rays of light physically behave when propagating through different medium (different index of refraction).
More informationHolographic shaping of femtosecond pulses for advanced laser material processing
Holographic shaping of femtosecond pulses for advanced laser material processing Satoshi Hasegawa 1, a and Yoshio Hayasaki 1,b 1 Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University,
More informationMicromachining of Industrial Materials with Ultrafast Lasers
Micromachining of Industrial Materials with Ultrafast Lasers Nadeem H. Rizvi, Dimitris Karnakis & Malcolm C. Gower Exitech Limited Hanborough Park, Long Hanborough, Oxford OX8 8LH, United Kingdom Abstract
More information