Excel offers a wide range of functions from different categories: For a list of available functions press Shift+F3

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2 Excel offers a wide range of functions from different categories: For a list of available functions press Shift+F3

3 Syntax = name_of_function (arguments) or press the button Types of arguments Constant value Address (relative or absolute) Range (selection) Name of a cell or range Text ( in quotes )

4 Example

5 NOW() Agora() Returns current date and time TODAY() Hoje() Returns current date (only) Internal representation of day by an integer and time by a real number in the interval [0;1[ By default January 1, 1900 is the serial number 1, and October 2, 2015 is serial number 42279, so elapsed days from January 1, 1900 Computing dates and times DAY(SERIAL_NUMBER) MONTH(SERIAL_NUMBER) YEAR(SERIAL_NUMBER) Dia() Mês() Ano() Returns the day, month and year of a date represented by an integer HOUR(SERIAL_NUMBER) MINUTE(SERIAL_NUMBER) SECOND(SERIAL_NUMBER) Hora() Minuto() Segundo() Returns the hours, minutes and seconds represented by a real

6 Remember the 42279? Home Number Number Format

7 Computing dates and times Now() hours ago Today() days from today DATE(2015;10;2) DATEVALUE(" ") how many days have passed since the beginning of the year?

8 MAX(num1; num2; ) MIN(num1; num2; ) Máximo() Mínimo() Returns the major/minor number in a set of values LARGE(array; k) SMALL(array; k) Maior() Menor() Returns the major/minor k-th value in a set of values AVERAGE(num1; num2; ) Média() Returns the arithmetic average of the arguments AVERAGEIF(range; criteria; [average_range]) Média.Se() Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria Ex: Averageif(D5:W5; >10 ) AVERAGEIFS(average_range; criteria_range1; criteria1; [criteria_range2; criteria2]...) Returns the average of all cells that meet multiple criteria

9 COUNT(value1; value2; ) Contar() Counts the number of cells that contain numbers COUNTA(value1; value2; ) Contar.Val() Counts the number of cells that are not empty COUNTBLANK(range) Contar.Vazio() Counts empty cells in a specified range of cells COUNTIF(range; criteria) Contar.Se() Counts the number of cells within a range that meet a single criterion Ex: Countif(X11:X22; >10 ) COUNTIFS(criteria_range1; criteria1; [criteria_range2; criteria2] ) Applies criteria to cells across multiple ranges and counts the number of times all criteria are met

10 AND(logical1; logical2; ) E() Returns TRUE if all its arguments evaluate to TRUE Returns FALSE if one or more arguments evaluate to FALSE Ex: And(2+2=4; 2+3=5) OR(logical1; logical2; ) Ou() Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE Returns FALSE if all arguments are FALSE NOT(logical) Não() Reverses the value of its argument disapproved IF(logical_test; value_if_true; [value_if_false]) Se() Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE, and another value if that condition evaluates to FALSE Ex: IF(N7>10; approved"; disapproved") IF(club= FQP ; IF(classification=1; the biggest!"; the best!") ; whistle )

11 Functions IS Used to check the kind of value in a cell Each function returns TRUE or FALSE depending on the outcome ISBLANK(value) É.Cél.Vazia() Value refers to an empty cell? ISERR(value) É.Erro() Value refers to any error value, except #N/A? (#VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME?, #NULL!) ISLOGICAL(value) É.Lógico() Value refers to a logical value?

12 More IS ISNONTEXT(value) É.Não.Texto() Value refers to any item that is not text? This function returns TRUE if the value refers to a blank cell ISTEXT(value) É.Texto() Value refers to text? ISNUMBER(value) É.Núm() Value refers to a number? ISREF(value) É.Ref() Value refers to a reference?

13 BIN2DEC BIN2HEX BIN2OCT Converts a binary number to decimal hexadecimal octal DEC2BIN DEC2HEX DEC2OCT Converts a decimal number to binary hexadecimal octal OCT2DEC OCT2BIN OCT2HEX Converts a octal number to decimal binary hexadecimal CONVERT(number; from_unit; to_unit) Converter() Converts a number from one measurement system to another CONVERT(68; "F"; "C") & "ºC" 20ºC CONVERT(2.5, "ft", "sec") #N/A See HELP of this function!

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15 SUM(num1; num2; ) Soma() Adds all the numbers that you specify as arguments SUMIF(range; criteria; [sum_range]) Soma.Se() Sum the values in a range that meet the criteria Ex1: Sumif(X11:X22; >0 ) Ex2: Sumif(item; shirt ; price)» adds positive values» adds shirt s prices SUMIFS(sum_range; criteria_range1; criteria1; [criteria_range2; criteria2]...) Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria SUMPRODUCT(array1; array2; ) Somarproduto() Multiplies corresponding components in the given arrays, and returns the sum of those products The array arguments must have the same dimensions, otherwise returns the #VALUE! error

16 ROUND(number; num_digits) Arred() Rounds a number to a specified number of digits Using ROUND() is not the same as using cell formatting command! In the example, cell C2 is formatted to show the 9.49 value only with one decimal place, BUT

17 PI() Returns the number of the mathematical constant pi, accurate to 15 digits. SQRT(number) Raizq() Returns a positive square root If number is negative SQRT returns the #NUM! error value FACT(number) Factorial() Returns the factorial of a positive number ABS(number) Returns the absolute value of a number

18 LN(number) Returns the natural logarithm of a number, based on the constant e (2, ) LOG10(number) Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number LOG(number; [base]) Returns the logarithm of a number to the specified base If base is omitted it is assumed to be 10 EXP(number) Returns e raised to the power of number EXP() is the inverse of LN()

19 MOD(number; divisor) Returns the remainder after number is divided by divisor The result has the same sign as divisor POWER(number; power) Potência() Returns the result of a number raised to a power COMBIN(number; number_chosen) Returns the number of combinations for a given number of items. Number is the amount of items Number_chosen is the number of items in each combination

20 RAND() Aleatório() Returns an evenly distributed random real number in the interval [0;1] A new random real number is returned every time the worksheet is recalculated RANDBETWEEN(bottom; top) Aleatórioentre() Returns a random integer number between bottom and top Arabic(text) Árabe() Converts a Roman numeral to an Arabic numeral ROMAN(number) Romano() Converts an Arabic numeral to Roman, as text

21 SIN(number) Sen() Returns the sine of the given angle, in radians COS(number) Returns the cosine of the given angle, in radians TAN(number) Returns the tangent of the given angle, in radians RADIANS(angle) Radianos() Converts degrees to radians DEGREES(angle) Graus() Converts radians to degrees

22 UPPER(text) LOWER(text) Maiúsculas() Minúsculas() Converts text to uppercase/lowercase Text can be a reference! Example for A2= FQP the best! Lower(A2) Upper(A2) fqp the best! FQP THE BEST! LEN(text) Núm.Caract() Returns the number of characters in a text string Spaces count as characters! Ex: Len( FQP THE BEST! ) 13

23 CONCATENATE(text1; text2; ) Concatenar() Joins two or more text strings into one string Items can be text values, numbers, or cell references. Example for A3= salmon e B3=32 Concatenate( The population of "; A3; is near "; B3; "/Km 2 ") The population of salmon is near 32/km 2 It s also possible to use the operator & rather function Example: FQP & is the BEST FQP is the BEST SEARCH(find_text; within_text; [start_num]) Procurar() Locates one text string within a second text string, and return the number of the starting position of the first text string from the first character of the second text string Search( best ; FQP the best! ) 9

24 SUBSTITUTE(text; old_text; new_text; [instance_num]) Subst() Substitutes new_text for old_text in a text string Substitute("os mouros são fixes"; "mouros"; "FQPs") os FQPs são fixes EXACT(text1; text2) Exacto() Compares two text strings and returns TRUE if they are exactly the same, FALSE otherwise. This function is case-sensitive It s also possible to use the = operator rather function Example: A1=B1 returns the same value as Exact(A1;B1)

25 PMT(rate; nper; pv; [fv]; [type]) Pgto() Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate Example 5000 credit, 5% annual rate, 3/6 years: Pmt(5%/12;3*12;5000) Pmt(5%/12;6*12;5000) -149,85 (monthly payment) -80,52 (monthly payment) costs more The payment returned by PMT includes principal and interest but no taxes, reserve payments, or fees sometimes associated with loans PDURATION(rate, pv, fv) Pduração() Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value Example investment, 2% annual rate, until achieve : Pduration(2%;1000;5000)» 81 (years!!!)

26 #REF! using an invalid reference #N/A can t calculate/return a value #NUM! using invalid numeric value #DIV/0! Trying to divide by zero #VALUE! using a wrong type of argument #NAME? using invalid text value #NULL! using incorrect range or areas that don t intersect

27 Already practiced today?