Freezing Rows or Columns as Headers

Transcription

1 Freezing Rows or Columns as Headers If you have long rows or columns of data that extend beyond the viewable area of the sheet, you can freeze some rows or columns, which allows you to see the frozen columns or rows as you scroll through the rest of the data. 1. Select the row below, or the column to the right of the row or column that you want to be in the frozen region. All rows above, or all columns to the left of the selection are frozen. To freeze both horizontally and vertically, select the cell that is below the row and to the right of the column that you want to freeze. 2. Choose Window Freeze. To deactivate, choose Window - Freeze again. If the area defined is to be scrollable, apply the Window Split command. If you want to print a certain row on all pages of a document, choose Format Print ranges Edit. Take into account that: Freeze in this context means Immobilize. Split means divide Print ranges means Intervalos de impresión Highlighting Negative Numbers You can format cells with a number format that highlights negative numbers in red. Alternatively, you can define your own number format in which negative numbers are highlighted in other colors. 1. Select the cells and choose Format - Cells. 2. On the Numbers tab, select a number format and mark Negative numbers red check box. Click OK. The cell number format is defined in two parts. The format for positive numbers and zero is defined in front of the semicolon; after the semicolon the formula for negative numbers is defined. You can change the code (RED) under Format code. For example, instead of RED, enter YELLOW. If the new code appears in the list after clicking the Add icon, this is a valid entry.

2 Cells in Currency Format In LibreOffice Calc you can give numbers any currency format. When you click the Currency icon in the Formatting bar to format a number, the cell is given the default currency format set under LibreOffice - PreferencesTools - Options - Language Settings Languages. Exchanging of LibreOffice Calc documents can lead to misunderstandings, if your LibreOffice Calc document is loaded by a user who uses a different default currency format In LibreOffice Calc you can define that a number that you have formatted as "1, ", still remains in euros in another country and does not become dollars. You can change the currency format in the Format Cells dialog (choose Format - Cells - Numbers tab) by two country settings. In the Language combo box select the basic setting for decimal and thousands separators. In the Format list box you can select the currency symbol and its position. 1. For example, if the language is set to "Default" and you are using a german locale setting, the currency format will be "1.234,00 ". A point is used before the thousand digits and a comma before the decimal places. If you now select the subordinate currency format "$ English (US)" from the Format list box, you will get the following format: "$ 1.234,00". As you can see, the separators have remained the same. Only the currency symbol has been changed and converted, but the underlying format of the notation remains the same as in the locale setting. 2. If, under Language, you convert the cells to "English (US)", the English-language locale setting is also transferred and the default currency format is now "$ 1,234.00".

3 Applying Conditional Formatting Using the menu command Format - Conditional formatting, the dialog allows you to define conditions per cell, which must be met in order for the selected cells to have a particular format. To apply conditional formatting, AutoCalculate must be enabled. Choose Tools - Cell Contents - AutoCalculate (you see a check mark next to the command when AutoCalculate is enabled). With conditional formatting, you can, for example, highlight the totals that exceed the average value of all totals. If the totals change, the formatting changes correspondingly, without having to apply other styles manually. To Define the Conditions 1. Select the cells to which you want to apply a conditional style. 2. Choose Format - Conditional Formatting. 3. Enter the condition(s) into the dialog box. The dialog is described in detail in LibreOffice Help, and an example is provided below: Example of Conditional Formatting: Highlighting Totals Above/Under the Average Value Step1: Generate Number Values You want to give certain values in your tables particular emphasis. For example, in a table of turnovers (Hoja de cifra de ventas), you can show all the values above the average in green and all those below the average in red. This is possible with conditional formatting. 1. First of all, write a table in which a few different values occur. For your test you can create tables with any random numbers: 2. In one of the cells enter the formula =RAND() [ =ALEATORIO() ], and you will obtain a random number between 0 and 1. If you want integers of between 0 and 50, enter the formula =INT(RAND()*50). [ =ENTERO(ALEATORIO()*50) ] 3. Copy the formula to create a row of random numbers. Click the bottom right corner of the selected cell, and drag to the right until the desired cell range is selected. 4. In the same way as described above, drag down the corner of the rightmost cell in order to create more rows of random numbers.

4 Step 2: Define Cell Styles The next step is to apply a cell style depending on its value 1. Select the range you are interested in. 2. Click on Format menu (Menú formato) 3. Choose Conditional Formatting. (Formato condicional) 4. Enter the conditions into the dialog box. You can use the cells of the step 1 in order to give them conditional format. Creating Charts from data in Calc First, we can create a table. As an example we show a table with the evolution of de C02 concentration in the atmosphere. Select the area which represents the y axis of the chart. In this case, we will select the column called Concentración CO2. Click on the the following icon Object Diagram. or Insert menu [ Insertar Objeto Diagrama ]

5 The following wizard will appear: We can select the type of chart desired. In addition, 3D view can be choosen. Click on Next. In this part we can check the range of data selected. Click on Next.

6 In this step we will define the way we will show the x axis. Just click on add Categories and select the area corresponding with the years. Click on Next. In the next step we can give Calc a title for the chart, a name for the X-Y axis and much more. Just with clicking on Finish the chart will be created.

7 And this way will be how our chart will look like: Obviously, by clicking on the different areas of the chart we will have the choice of changing several settings.

8 Formulas All formulas begin with an equals sign. The formulas can contain numbers, text, arithmetic operators, logic operators, or functions. Remember that the basic arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /) can be used in formulas using the "Multiplication and Division before Addition and Subtraction" rule. Instead of writing =SUM(A1:B1) you can write =A1+B1. Parentheses can also be used. The result of the formula =(1+2)*3 produces a different result than =1+2*3. Here are a few examples of LibreOffice Calc formulas: =A1+10 Displays the contents of cell A1 plus 10. =A1*16% Displays 16% of the contents of A1. =A1 * A2 Displays the result of the multiplication of A1 and A2. =ROUND(A1;1) =EFFECTIVE(5%;12) Displays the contents of cell A1 rounded to one decimal place. Calculates the effective interest for 5% annual nominal interest with 12 payments a year. =B8-SUM(B10:B14) Calculates B8 minus the sum of the cells B10 to B14. =SUM(B8;SUM(B10:B14)) Calculates the sum of cells B10 to B14 and adds the value to B8. It is also possible to nest functions in formulas, as shown in the example. You can also nest functions within functions. The Function Wizard assists you with nested functions. Note that nest means anidar. To nest is to put more functions inside of another one. In Spanish versions of Calc: ROUND means REDONDEAR EFFECTIVE means INT.EFECTIVO SUM means SUMA

9 Specifies a logical test to be performed. Syntax: IF IF(Test; ThenValue; OtherwiseValue) Test is any value or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE. ThenValue (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE. OtherwiseValue (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE. In the LibreOffice Calc functions, parameters marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows. For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4 or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone. Examples =IF(A1>5;100;"too small") If the value in A1 is higher than 5, the value 100 is entered in the current cell; otherwise, the text too small (without quotes) is entered. Note that: leave out means dejar en blanco Function IF in Spanish is SI PMT Returns the periodic payment for an annuity with constant interest rates. Syntax PMT(Rate; NPer; PV; FV; Type) Rate is the periodic interest rate. NPer is the number of periods in which annuity is paid. PV is the present value (cash value) in a sequence of payments. FV (optional) is the desired value (future value) to be reached at the end of the periodic payments. Type (optional) is the due date for the periodic payments. Type=1 is payment at the beginning and Type=0 is payment at the end of each period.

10 In the LibreOffice Calc functions, parameters marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows. For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4 or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone. Example What are the periodic payments at a yearly interest rate of 1.99% if the payment time is 3 years and the cash value is 25,000 currency units. There are 36 months as 36 payment periods, and the interest rate per payment period is 1.99%/12. =PMT(1.99%/12;36;25000) = currency units. The periodic monthly payment is therefore currency units. In Spanish the function PMT is called PAGO. LOOKUP Returns the contents of a cell either from a one-row or one-column range. Optionally, the assigned value (of the same index) is returned in a different column and row. As opposed to VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP, search and result vector may be at different positions; they do not have to be adjacent. Additionally, the search vector for the LOOKUP must be sorted ascending, otherwise the search will not return any usable results. If LOOKUP cannot find the search criterion, it matches the largest value in the search vector that is less than or equal to the search criterion. The search supports regular expressions. You can enter "all.*", for example to find the first location of "all" followed by any characters. If you want to search for a text that is also a regular expression, you must precede every character with a \ character. You can switch the automatic evaluation of regular expression on and off in Tools - Options - LibreOffice Calc - Calculate. Syntax LOOKUP(SearchCriterion; SearchVector; ResultVector) SearchCriterion is the value to be searched for; entered either directly or as a reference. SearchVector is the single-row or single-column area to be searched. ResultVector is another single-row or single-column range from which the result of the function is taken. The result is the cell of the result vector with the same index as the instance found in the search vector.

11 Handling of Empty Cells Example =LOOKUP(A1;D1:D100;F1:F100) searches the corresponding cell in range D1:D100 for the number you entered in A1. For the instance found, the index is determined, for example, the 12th cell in this range. Then, the contents of the 12th cell are returned as the value of the function (in the result vector). In Spanish LOOKUP is BUSCAR COUNTIF Returns the number of cells that meet with certain criteria within a cell range. The search supports regular expressions. You can enter "all.*", for example to find the first location of "all" followed by any characters. If you want to search for a text that is also a regular expression, you must precede every character with a \ character. You can switch the automatic evaluation of regular expression on and off in Tools - Options - LibreOffice Calc - Calculate. Syntax COUNTIF(Range; Criteria) Range is the range to which the criteria are to be applied. Criteria indicates the criteria in the form of a number, an expression or a character string. These criteria determine which cells are counted. You may also enter a search text in the form of a regular expression, e.g. b.* for all words that begin with b. You may also indicate a cell range that contains the search criterion. If you search for literal text, enclose the text in double quotes. Example A1:A10 is a cell range containing the numbers 2000 to Cell B1 contains the number In cell B2, you enter a formula: =COUNTIF(A1:A10;2006) - this returns 1 =COUNTIF(A1:A10;B1) - this returns 1 =COUNTIF(A1:A10;">=2006") - this returns 4 =COUNTIF(A1:A10;"<"&B1) - when B1 contains 2006, this returns 6 =COUNTIF(A1:A10;C2) where cell C2 contains the text >2006 counts the number of cells in the range A1:A10 which are >2006

12 To count only negative numbers: =COUNTIF(A1:A10;"<0") In Spanish COUNTIF is CONTAR.SI