2. To select a range of individual cells, hold down CTRL and click on each cell that you want to include in the range.

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1 What is Excel? Microsoft Excel is one of the most used spreadsheet software applications of all time. Hundreds of millions of people around the world use Microsoft Excel. You can use Excel to enter all sorts of data and perform financial, mathematical or statistical calculations. What is Workbook? A workbook is another word for your Excel file. When you start Excel, click Blank workbook to create an Excel workbook from scratch. What is Worksheet? A worksheet is a collection of cells where you keep and manipulate the data. Each Excel workbook can contain multiple worksheets. What is a cell? A cell is the intersection between a row and a column on a spreadsheet that starts with cell A1. What is cell address/cell reference? A combination of a letter and a number that specifies the column and row in which a cell is located on a spreadsheet such as A1, B10, C5 etc. Types of cell address: Relative Cell Address Absolute Cell Address What is relative cell address? By default, all cell references are relative references. When copied across multiple cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and columns. For example, if you copy the formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row 2, the formula will become =A2+B2. Relative references are especially convenient whenever you need to repeat the same calculation across multiple rows or columns. What is absolute cell address? There may be times when you do not want a cell reference to change when filling cells. Unlike relative references, absolute references do not change when copied or filled. You can use an absolute reference to keep a row and/or column constant. An absolute reference is designated in a formula by the addition of a dollar sign ($). It can precede the column reference, the row reference, or both. For example: $A$1 --> The column and row both do not change when copied. A$1 -->The row does not change when copied but Column changes $A1 -->The column does not change when copied but row changes. What is cell range? A range in Excel is a collection of two or more cells. 1. To select the range B2:C4, click on cell B2 and drag it to cell C4. 2. To select a range of individual cells, hold down CTRL and click on each cell that you want to include in the range. 1

2 Formulas and Functions A formula is an expression which calculates the value of a cell. Functions are predefined formulas and are already available in Excel. For example, cell A3 below contains a formula which adds the value of cell A2 to the value of cell A1. For example, cell A3 below contains the SUM function which calculates the sum of the range A1:A2. Data Summarization Functions COUNT(), COUNTA(), COUNTBLANK(), COUNTIF(), COUNTIFS() SUM(), SUMIF(), SUMIFS() AVERAGE(), AVERAGEIF(), AVERAGEIFS() MIN() MAX() Count Blank/Nonblank Cells This example shows you how to count the number of blank and nonblank cells in Excel. 1. COUNTBLANK() The COUNTBLANK function counts the number of blank cells. =COUNTBLANK(cells or range) Arguments: Range Required. The range from which you want to count the blank cells. Remark Cells with formulas that return "" (empty text) are also counted. Cells with zero values are not counted. =COUNTBLANK(H2:H144) 2

3 2.COUNTA() The COUNTA function counts the number of nonblank cells. COUNTA stands for count all. =COUNTA(cells or range) Remarks: The COUNTA function counts cells containing any type of information, including error values and empty text (""). For example, if the range contains a formula that returns an empty string, the COUNTA function counts that value. The COUNTA function does not count empty cells. =COUNTA(H2:H144) 3. COUNT() The COUNT function counts the number of cells that contain numbers, and counts numbers within the list of arguments. Use the COUNT function to get the number of entries in a number field that is in a range or array of numbers. =COUNT(cells or range) Note: The arguments can contain or refer to a variety of different types of data, but only numbers are counted. =COUNT(H2:H144) Finding Total, Average, Maximum and Minimum value =SUM() =AVERAGE() =AVERAGEA() =MAX() =MIN() 1)SUM() The SUM function adds values. You can add individual values, cell references or ranges or a mix of all three. =SUM(cells or range) example: =SUM(A2:A10) =SUM(A2:A10, C2:C10) 2)AVERAGE() Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. For example, if the range A1:A20 contains numbers, the formula =AVERAGE(A1:A20) returns the average of those numbers. Notes: If you want to include logical values and text representations of numbers in a reference as part of the calculation, use the AVERAGEA() function. =AVERAGE(cells or range) =AVERAGE(A2:A10) 3)AVERAGEA() Calculates the average (arithmetic mean) of the values in the list of arguments. =AVERAGEA(cells or range) Remarks If you do not want to include logical values and text representations of numbers in a reference as part of the calculation, use the AVERAGE() function. 3

4 =AVERAGEA(A2:A10) 3)MAX() Returns the largest value in a set of values. =MAX(cells or range ) =MAX(A2:A10) 4)MIN() Returns the smallest value in a set of values. =MIN(cells or range ) =MIN(A2:A10) Finding Sum and Average on the basis of condition/conditions SUMIF() SUMIFS() AVERAGEIF() AVERAGEIFS() 1)SUMIF() It is used to sum the values that meet criteria that you specify. =SUMIF(B2:B25,">5") =SUMIF(B2:B5, "Female", C2:C5) sums only the values in the range C2:C5, where the corresponding cells in the range B2:B5 equal "Female" =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range]) range : The range of cells that you want evaluated by criteria. criteria : The criteria in the form of a number, expression, a cell reference, text, or a function that defines which cells will be added. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B5, 32, "32", "apples", or TODAY(). Important Any text criteria or any criteria that includes logical or mathematical symbols must be enclosed in double quotation marks ("). If the criteria is numeric, double quotation marks are not required. sum_range Optional. The actual cells to add, if you want to add cells other than those specified in the range argument. If the sum_range argument is omitted, Excel adds the cells that are specified in the range argument (the same cells to which the criteria is applied). Note: You can use the wildcard characters the question mark (?) and asterisk (*) as the criteria argument. A question mark matches any single character; an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. 2)SUMIFS() The SUMIFS function, one of the math and trig functions, adds all of its arguments that meet multiple criteria. =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2],...) Argument name Description Sum_range (required) Criteria_range1 (required) The range of cells to sum. The range that is tested using Criteria1. Criteria_range1 and Criteria1 set up a search pair whereby a range is searched for specific criteria. Once items in the range are found, their corresponding values in Sum_range are added. 4

5 Argument name Description Criteria1 (required) The criteria that defines which cells in Criteria_range1 will be added. For example, criteria can be entered as 32, ">32", B4, "apples", or "32". Criteria_range2, criteria2, (optional) Examples: =SUMIFS(A2:A9,B2:B9,"=A*",C2:C9,"Tom") =SUMIFS(A2:A9,B2:B9,"<>Bananas",C2:C9,"Tom") Additional ranges and their associated criteria. You can enter up to 127 range/criteria pairs. 3)AVERAGEIF() Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria. =AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range]) Example 1: A B C 1 Property Value Commission Formula Description Result 7 =AVERAGEIF(B2:B5,"<23000") Average of all commissions less than =AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,"<250000") Average of all property values less than =AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,"<95000") Average of all property values less than Because there are 0 property values that meet this condition, the AVERAGEIF function returns the #DIV/0! error because it tries to divide by =AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,">250000",B2:B5) Average of all commissions with a property value greater than Two commissions meet this condition, and their total is #DIV/0! Example 2: A B C 1 Region Profits (Thousands) 2 East West North South (New Office) 0 5

6 A B C 1 Region Profits (Thousands) 6 MidWest Formula Description Result 8 =AVERAGEIF(A2:A6,"=*West",B2:B6) Average of all profits for the West and MidWest regions =AVERAGEIF(A2:A6,"<>*(New Office)",B2:B6) Average of all profits for all regions excluding new offices )AVERAGEIFS() Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria. AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2],...) Example 1: A B C D 1 Student First Quiz Grade Second Quiz Grade 2 Emilio Julie Final Grade 4 Hans Incomplete 5 Frederique Incomplete Formula Description Result 7 =AVERAGEIFS(B2:B5, B2:B5, ">70", B2:B5, "<90") 8 =AVERAGEIFS(C2:C5, C2:C5, ">95") Average first quiz grade that falls between 70 and 90 for all students (80.5). The score marked "Incomplete" is not included in the calculation because it is not a numerical value. Average second quiz grade that is greater than 95 for all students. Because there are no scores greater than 95, #DIV0! is returned. 75 #DIV/0! 9 =AVERAGEIFS(D2:D5, D2:D5, "<>Incomplete", D2:D5, ">80") Example 2: Average final exam grade that is greater than 80 for all students (87.5). The score marked "Incomplete" is not included in the calculation because it is not a numerical value. A B C D E Type Price Town Number of Bedrooms Garage? 2 Cozy Rambler Issaquah 3 No 3 Snug Bungalow Bellevue 2 Yes 6

7 4 Cool Cape Codder Bellevue 4 Yes 5 Splendid Split Level Issaquah 2 Yes 6 Exclusive Tudor Bellevue 5 Yes 7 Classy Colonial Bellevue 4 No 8 Formula Description Result 9 =AVERAGEIFS(B2:B7, C2:C7, "Bellevue", D2:D7, ">2",E2:E7, "Yes") 10 =AVERAGEIFS(B2:B7, C2:C7, "Issaquah", D2:D7, "<=3",E2:E7, "No") Average price of a home in Bellevue that has at least 3 bedrooms and a garage Average price of a home in Issaquah that has up to 3 bedrooms and no garage References: Excel Help