Presentations from Levi 2018 SAO Meeting

Transcription

1 Arctic Council Open Access Repository Arctic Council Finland Chairmanship II (May ) 2. SAO Meeting, March 2018, Levi, Finland Presentations from Levi 2018 SAO Meeting 2018 Arctic Council Arctic Council Secretariat Disclaimer: This document may not be the final or approved version. It may be a working or draft version, as submitted to one of our Senior Arctic Officials meetings. Drafts are available in order to provide historical perspective on the work of the Arctic Council and the development of our scientific reports and assessments. To find final, approved versions of our reports and assessments, please make note of the title and visit the appropriate collection in our archive. Each collection listed below contains final documents from one of the six Working Groups Any citation of an Arctic Council document must include reference to the author. If no author of a particular document is identified, the document may still be cited; in these cases, the Arctic Council should be listed as the author. Downloaded from the Arctic Council Open Access Repository.

2 Mobile Connectivity in the Arctic: Architecture and Challenges , Levi, Finland Harri Saarnisaari Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu

3 PROBLEMS - backyard Arctic (infrastructure rather well established) 4G coverage example (from FI but similar in many countries) Source: Wideband for all promises: EU, nations, Basic: outdoor coverage (=not necessarily at home) Good: also indoors, esp. close to windows Excellent Remote homes, rural areas, summer/winter cottages outside main roads or larger villages have limited coverage, if coverage at all Does 5G change this? -not from the beginning, its development is concentrated on very high speed services (=cities) at the moment -they have rural coverage on the agenda (but when it will be reality?) 2

4 PROBLEMS - remote Arctic High speed coverage? What it is? Is there such a thing? Somewhere it is kind of reality like this example shows E-learning E-health Community and governmental functions Family and friend relations Free time Online resources Many settlements around the Arctic suffer from very bad coverage Safety and rescue: more and more needed since outdoor skills disappear though tourism increases Things are developing. E-payment of services in remote places Source: What are the next steps and bottlenecks? 3

5 Arctic solution Source: IridiumNext -full constellation soon, 70 satellites -not really high speed -1 Mb/s per beam OneWeb -backhaul capable, 700 satellites peak 500 Mbps (1G), 2.5Gbps (2G >2021) -shall it really come, and when? US, then rest SpaceX Starlink -first test satellite was launched Feb backhaul, 4000 satellites Submarine cables. Not much in the Arctic. North-East cable under discussions, as well as continuation of North-West cable. Source: 5G Extended cell coverage and quality helps also in backyard Arctic 4

6 Local mobile network Backhaul Internet Architectural block diagram - LTE - 5G - sea cables - satellites - microwave links - land cables -HF -hybrids Local network (5G, 4G) may be -locally operated A) or -distantly operated B). Local mobile network A) The mobile network core is in the local spot. Backhaul Local mobile network core Micro vs traditional mobile network operator -Are traditional operators willing to operate these small scale, distant networks -Should settlements, mines, ships be micro-operators *where funding comes? *roaming etc issues? B) The mobile network core is outside the local spot. Internet 5

7 Based on generic terminology Architectural block diagram: local network BS - wide coverage BS - small cell (indoors) Mobile network core (here or behind backhaul) BS backhaul Modern mobile networks allow multiple local base stations -local user mobility handled locally -local (data) traffic handled locally BS - small cell (indoors) One central station that is connected to backhaul and possibly several distributed stations like indoor small cells (in house coverage) and extended coverage cells. Coverage around local spot Local spot BS: base station : user equipment Naturally, these share common backhaul data capacity. 6

8 Possible improvements Can 5G ideas help? Slicing: divide network into slides that have guaranteed service rate (when on) - E-learning, e-health, community functions have slides that guarantee good quality when needed - Leisure time gets less resources when more important ones are active - Needed slides depend on end user (settlement, industry, ships) Source: 5g/definitions/5g-network-slicing/ Arctic slicing could be E-health slice E-education slice Other official slice Free time slice Caching is storing of information close to edge (=settlements) - Popular and widely used contents may be uploaded and updated when network traffic is low (e.g., night time) - Systems may learn what to cache - Limited backhaul mobile broadband - Good local connectivity but limited backhaul - Data filtering and prioritization, scheduling in daily basis - What data/app is connected to internet, and when? 7

9 Bottlenecks Local hot spots - 4G is here but not fully build, when 5G arrives (commercial products)? Late 2020s? Extended coverage - Lower frequency would help but must be agreed - Use of high TV towers and other high things - 4G ready for 100 km: so it is a range and quality problem Extended coverage -around hot spots -outside main roads -valleys Backhaul Local hot spot -settlements, mines Backhaul INTERNET - Sea cables (need more), and land cables (need more in rugged terrain) - Satellites (need more high data rate) - Microwave links - operations in harsh Arctic environment without electricity Supporting solutions - HF (next generation HF readily available, development continues) - Satellite (affordable usage price?) Financing - Where? Who? Political and regulatory decisions Supporting solutions -open seas, deserts - Multinational support for intentions, like sea cables & related connections - Radio frequencies (World Radiocommunication Conference only every 4 th year) Operating - Are traditional operators willing to operate, or are new concepts like micro-operator needed? - Global roaming with micro-operators? 8

10 What we do at CWC? Arctic communications architectures project , funding: Interreg Nord, Lapin Liitto, Region Norbotten, self With Luleå technical university Outcome: After describing the architectures continue work in a bigger EU project to solve problems - ENJOY OUTDOORS, OF COURSE 9 SaT5G: Integration of satellite communications and 5G project EU Horizon2020, 5GPPP With several satellite providers, operators, etc Future of satellite communications, hopefully in some day we will have LEO satellites using this technology Our 5GTN will be used in demonstrations 5GRANGE: Extended range for 5G project EU Horizon2020, EU-Brazil Use of TV bands for extended coverage applying cognitive radio principles Several partners